JP2012072593A - Vertical fish pass block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restore natural environments for the growth and the like of swimming fish by developing such a fish pass as to be properly constructible in a low-cost, small-space, short-time-work and maintenance-saving manner, when the run-up of the fish living in a mountain stream is hindered because a step is made in a water current in small-and-medium-sized rivers.SOLUTION: A slope current in a mountain stream, a waterfall, and a deep pool are compactly reproduced. Contrivances are applied so that a strong eddy current pool for helping jumping of fish living in a mountain stream and discharge of small-particle refuse, a running waterfall and an inclined watercourse in a directly upper section and an upper strong eddy current pool in a front section can be continuously disposed by vertically stacking blocks in multi-tiers in spite of the small-size blocks. A basic block body is constituted by providing an opening so that a daylighting portion can necessarily exist in a run-up direction.

Description

  The present invention enables river fish to run up at the steps of rivers and other dams, dams, and existing large and small waterfalls with low cost and low maintenance, regardless of the size of the river that contributes to the restoration and promotion of fish shadows. It relates to a vertical fishway that can be installed in any existing place with a small space and a short construction period, with each element having high efficiency.

  In the previous prior literature, too easy standards were set for inhabiting fish, and how to make a fishway that looks great and has a great variety of fishways and their effective ways to increase the economic ripple effect Although the development of equipment before and after the fishway for operation has been promoted, the installation ratio is small due to budget considerations, and maintenance costs are high, so it is often left unfunctional. The river flow becomes uneven due to the active use of natural energy by measures against global warming in recent years, the protection of inhabited fish that has been an obstacle to promoting the restoration of the natural environment, and the construction of past dams and dams etc. The number of fish in the rivers has decreased as it has been unable to lay eggs in upstream rivers and tributaries with a high proportion of spring water, etc. with little change in flow rate throughout the year.

  In the case of a level difference between fish and fish by the private sector, a completely misguided technique that compensates for fisheries and a slightly relaxed technique by the release of farmed fish are apparent, and what was generated in the Shizan flood control project was out of the question. In recent years, the development of various effective fishways and research and improvements have been repeated in the restoration of fish shadows, but safety management is being carried out against nature, which is the source of increased construction costs and repeated water disasters. It is difficult to adjust the construction period, and it is not easy to promote the construction of effective fishways.

Patent Application Publication 9-256350 Patent Application Publication 2000-270552 Patent Application Publication 2004-44273 Patent application 2010-035649 Patent application 2010-191484 Patent P3917475

Yuki Onitsuka et al. "Relationship between jumping up of Oikawa and hydraulic characteristics in pool type fishway" Applied Mechanics Papers, Vol. 6 Yuki Onitsuka et al. “Oikawa's Rushing Speed by Flow Rate and Length” Hydro Engineering Papers, Vol. 52, 2008

  From the perspective of long-lasting economic effects on large concrete structures in the left and the actual purpose of construction, questions about technical and financial investment began to rise, and the overall life cycle emerged from the perspective of global warming prevention measures. Similar questions have been raised in the assessment method.

  The construction of a small hydroelectric power plant for active use of natural energy is effective in large economies and warming countermeasures in mountainous countries with many small and medium-sized rivers, but it also involves destruction of the natural environment. It is important that the degree of destruction is small and that the environment of fish living in the mountain stream is not deteriorated. In order to construct a weir for intake, if there is a step in the water flow and hinders the uplift of mountain stream fish, a swimming fishway is necessary.

In the same way as described above, it is necessary to promote the restoration of mountain stream fish swimming paths that have been blocked by dams and dams constructed in the past. It is difficult to predict in a small space without any installation cost due to the recovery of fish shadows that have been unable to lay eggs and have spawned in upstream rivers and tributaries with a high proportion of spring water, etc., whose flow rate changes little throughout the year. The challenge is to develop a fishway that can be easily installed even by natural opponents, does not require maintenance and operation, and can be enjoyed by mountain stream fish.

  The first point is that the level difference that hinders recreational fish has occurred in the vertical direction, and it is not necessary to expand the fishway in the horizontal direction to move up and down. It ’s enough. It should be noted that fish that live in mountain streams can live in most complex and harsh natural mountain stream conditions, except for vertical waterfalls with large steps.

  The second point is that the movement limit of mountain stream fish and the instinct and nature for the breeding and growth of normal inhabiting fish itself and the sudden movement are accurately grasped, and excessive facilities are refrained. We developed a light-weight type that can be easily installed in dams and a small type that can also be installed in narrow spaces, and developed a block type with transport and versatility to reduce construction costs as much as possible Securing the route to catch the stream fish in every river.

  Thirdly, the present invention was developed for the purpose of ensuring a streamlined route for mountain stream fish efficiently in spite of its small size and light weight. It is unprotected from large driftwoods and boulders, and has a strong water flow such as direct flooding. Since it is impossible to install in the place, overflowing sleeves such as dams and dams can be avoided. The inflow part has a restriction and a coarse dust removal function.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic vertical sectional view showing an example in which the vertical fishway blocks of the present invention are stacked and installed when taking water from the overflow part of a dam or a dam, and a three-dimensional reference diagram of the basic block. FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a concrete basic block body. FIG. 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a basic block body made of a thin material.

  The form in which the present invention can be most utilized is not only human economic desire when taking water for power generation or irrigation from the overflow part of an existing dam or dam, but is not functioning at this opportunity or is not considered at all Securing a fishway for mountain stream fish run-up can be implemented at low cost and low maintenance throughout the basin.

  Detailed embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings and mathematical expressions. In the hydraulic action and the swimming fish run-up force of Equation 1, the upper falling water horizontal axis vortex 1a and the lower falling horizontal axis vortex 1a which are the basic configuration of the present invention, and the inclined flow velocity reduction uneven surface between them Ignore the flow velocity of flowing water flowing down the inclined channel 1c with 1d for the time being because the theoretical maximum value under the acceleration of gravity is the energy conservation law and Bernoulli's theorem. It is assumed that it is a non-resistance creepage surface, and it shows that there is no more flow rate than this.

  In equation (1), the flow velocity of the inclined channel from the upper ridge in the figure (a) is defined as the vertical fall distance Hf = 20 cm from the lower ridge to the position where the mountain stream fish jumps and lands on the inclined surface corresponding to the height. The flow velocity is like a parabola in which the basic axis in FIG. (B) is arranged vertically, and the theoretical flow velocity is about 2 m at the maximum, and the actual flow velocity is less than that. According to the prior art document, the maximum rush speed of a typical mountain stream fish is about 30 times the body length, and the maximum rush speed of a stream fish of about 7 cm in length is higher than that of the stream fish, and this slope can be moved up.

  Next, to what height mountain stream fish can be jumped from the lower coral, the literature also states that there is a track record of 30 cm or more. It is shown that it is possible to jump to the position required for the run-up, because the literature jump is higher than the required jump height Hj = 20 cm. If this graph based on the law of conservation of energy in Fig. (B) is applied, the trajectory that jumps to a height of 30 cm and rises up will be 90 degrees to the right and this graph will jump right from the surface of the water. Indicates the vector sum of the vertical component velocity Sf and the horizontal component velocity, which actually exceeds 2.4 m / s. In other words, it indicates that the maximum rush speed at the moment of jumping exceeds 30 times the body length. In addition, it is effective for provision of a good fishway that the dimension of each part is changed to the optimal dimension according to the fish inhabiting the basin river.

  Fig. 1 (a) shows that the vertical multi-stage fishway basic block body 1 of the present invention is built up and down according to the field situation in order to secure the fishway of mountain stream fish when water is taken from the overflow part of the dam with a drop of about 4m. Overall outline of vertical fishway A vertical cross-sectional view showing a lower river connecting passage 8 connecting to a downstream river etc. 9b is provided up to the position where the lowest level of the main fishway is installed. Tsuji plays an important role as described later.

  FIG. 1B shows a three-dimensional reference diagram of the vertical multi-stage fishway basic block body 1. The wall in the longitudinal direction on the back side is an entire wall in order to ensure strength, and two sides of the inclined channel 1c and the upper part of the channel wall of the flowing waterfall 1e are openings for daylighting. The upper edge of the upper edge is provided with a multistage coupling fitting convex portion 1f, and the location and shape thereof are (a) the opening of the flowing waterfall 1e of the upper coupling portion directly above the falling water horizontal axis vortex basin 1a of the lower block shown in FIG. Since the concave and convex portions are arranged so as to coincide with the bottom surface of the basic block body and the concave and convex portions are arranged in a square shape, the direction of the inflow waterfall can be freely set every 90 degrees. An example of the universal combination is shown in (a). The lower two tiers are vertically stacked, and the top is moved laterally in the longitudinal direction, the top is vertically stacked, and the top is 90 degrees. The upper part of the stack is vertically constructed using the original stacking method. In other words, it can be built freely according to the situation at the site. Of course, the base portion supporting the basic block body needs a robust structure, but if a slight distortion is caused by interposing a flexible rubber material in the concave / convex fitting portion, it can be operated with little leakage problem.

  FIG. 2 is an example of a vertical detailed cross section when a concrete basic block body is vertically overlapped in two stages, and (a) FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. The details are adjusted so that the opening of the flowing waterfall 1e of the upper connecting portion just overlaps with the same dimension directly above the above-mentioned falling water horizontal axis vortex ridge 1a, and the upper surface of the basic block body is It expresses that the multi-stage coupling fitting convex portion 1f is provided on the bottom surface so that the multi-stage coupling fitting concave portion is matched. (B) is a detailed cross-sectional view taken along the line B-b of FIG. (A), and the upper part on the left side of the drawing is an opening as shown by the flowing waterfall 1e portion of the lower cross-section, taking into account sufficient lighting. (A) The lower right upper part of the lower stage is also an opening, and the upper left upper part is also an opening because of the left-right symmetry. That is, the upper two directions of the falling water horizontal axis swirl rod 1a are devised so that light is inserted into the bottom of the rod with a wide opening. The overflow weir part 1b is devised so as to be able to cope with different fish species and body lengths by lowering the entire wall side rather than horizontally and changing the depth of the water flow flowing into the inclined channel 1c. . (Note that it is in conflict with Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-035649 to intentionally incline the flow path to respond widely to changes in flow rate, to improve adaptability to various fishes, and to promote the movement of gravel gravel etc. So got it)

  FIG. 3 is a basic detailed cross-sectional view when the concrete vertical multi-stage fishway basic block body 1 shown in FIG. 2 is manufactured from a thin material, and the dimensions and the creeping configuration are substantially the same as those made of concrete. Although explanation is omitted, many ribs are provided to ensure structural strength, and the external dimensions are almost the same. The basic block made of concrete is standard at the bottom as shown in the lower multi-stage coupling type fitting recess 1g. Different material adapters are also available as standard.

  Although the above has described matters related to the structure, in this section, it is described in terms of the flow conditions at each location with respect to the flowing water 10, but all have been devised so as not to hinder the behavior of recreational fish. In Fig. 1, rough water removal comb blade screen 7s, etc. is placed downstream of intake facilities and fishway bypass passages installed at the overflow section of 9a dam and dam in the uppermost upstream river etc. Any dust is not led to the water, but is led to the downstream side by the water force and discharged, and the service water side can take in the service water mixed only with a small thing of about 4 cm or less passing through the gap of the screen. The intake port for the fishway water to the vertical multistage fishway is provided on the side surface of the bottom so that dust can be taken in at the same time, and the amount of water flowing into the fishway is adjusted by the communication flow rate adjuster 7v.

  In the uppermost fishway block, in order to eliminate large gravel of about 1 cm or more that cannot be discharged from the shark by the vortex of the horizontal axis vortex shark 1a of each fishway block, there is no first kite. Gravel with an inlet size adjusted so that the gravel collected from that place is guided to the lowest part of the overflow weir and light does not enter and the flow rate is the smallest that gravel can flow down. Flow down through the tunnel 2. The tunnel is dark and we don't like fish, so we are careful not to enter that part. Gravel that has flowed down the inclined tunnel falls to the gravel receiving bar grid 4 only for gravel with a large mass relative to the surface area with heavy specific gravity by the fluid creeping action dust removal mechanism 3 (obtained because of the special method according to Patent Application 2010-191484). The small gravel and liquid sand are allowed to fall into the horizontal axis vortex basket 1a together with flowing water. Even if the lost fish has fallen on the gravel receiving bar lattice 4, it can jump and fall, and can return to the horizontal axis vortex rod 1a. The large gravel 12b rolling on the gravel receiving bar lattice 4 passes through the large gravel exclusion through hole 5 and is safely discharged to the downstream river 9b or the like by the large gravel buffer dropping pipe 6.

  As described above, the uppermost stage has a function of discharging large gravel, and thus has a different part from the basic block body, but is generally the same and has little influence on the upstream and swimming of the recreational fish. The falling water that falls on the first horizontal axis vortex 1a of the second stage is rectified along one wall of the square and becomes a nearly vertical flow and proceeds toward the bottom of the bowl, but the boundary between the wall and the bottom is a large chamfered shape. Change the direction so that it follows the chamfered surface, then change the course horizontally along the bottom surface and end the bottom surface again so that the chamfered part of the rising part on the opposite side is oriented again along that surface In the place where it rises along the vertical wall and rises slightly above the water surface, it flows in the middle due to the leveling action of the water surface due to gravity, and the water force causes it to be caught in the original water flow of the falling water at the place beyond the center. Become. That is, the flowing water 10 in this ridge is a strong continuous vortex having a horizontal axis parallel to the flowing waterfall 1e while maintaining the water level by the balance with the drainage force by gravity with the overflow weir portion of the ridge.

  Although the flowing water 10 including the dust discharged from the overflow weir portion 1b of the horizontal axis vortex reed 1a naturally flows down the inclined flow path 1c, it is omitted because it has been described in the description of Equation 1. Hereinafter, the flow of water in the lower stage is omitted because it is a multi-stage stack of the basic block bodies 1 and is repeated in the previous section. Sediment and small gravel accumulated at the bottom of the horizontal axis swirl 1a are in a normal state where they are wound up by a strong swirl and circulate in the reed and can move freely along with the flowing water. Move to 淵. In other words, the smallest gravel and the small sand litter 12a of the liquid sand in the bottom flow of a normal river always move down naturally by this repeated operation.

  Now, the theme of the recreational fish is going up, but the downstream river 9b shown in the lowermost part of FIG. 1 is often used as a water catcher for overflowing water such as dams and dams. In the absence of a fishway, the recreational fish that went up to the upstream continued to swim around the reed and the reed, where there is a flow that somewhere upstream. The fishery instinct takes its course from the back to the back or up so as not to be unreasonable when there is a flow. At the same time, the lower river connecting path 8 is connected to the vertical fishway by connecting the lower river connecting path 8 with a gradient and inner surface shape so that it is easy to gather at both ends, and the flow velocity is 0.7 m / s or less which is less than the durable swimming speed of the inhabited mountain stream fish. The depth of the first carp just below the vertical fishway mentioned above is clear due to the swimming depth and horizontal eddy current because the flowing waterfall 1e part of the bottom basic block body becomes the first barrier and requires the entry by jumping. It is effective to generate upward current, and it is necessary about twice as much as inhabiting mountain stream fish. If it is impossible to construct the first coral, the flowing waterfall 1e of the basic block body is not raised, and the above connecting path is connected to this position with a gentle slope to easily enter the vertical fishway. It is possible to do.

  The mountain stream fish 11 is a squirrel directly below the basic block at the bottom, and the bottom of the horizontal axis vortex is the most stable and the velocity is less than the swimming endurance speed. While taking food and taking a break, it recognizes safety-related information such as the situation of the flowing water waterfall 1e and its falling water, and the size of the ridge and whether it is a bright open place. Therefore, if the trap is irregular and too large, the amount of information is too large and information recognition for going up is impossible, and stable going up behavior cannot be performed. After finishing the break, the mountain stream fish jumps into the running waterfall 1e in time. In order to obtain a large jumping trajectory, if you use the horizontal vortex inside the waterfall, the mountain stream fish instinctively knows that you can jump and jump out efficiently by gaining absolute speed and changing the swimming direction to take advantage of the vortex Swim in order to obtain the maximum relative rushing speed with flowing water, and obtain the highest ground relative speed by the synergistic effect of the vortex flow velocity and jump to the upstream of the flowing waterfall 1e.

  A mountain stream fish that has successfully landed in the inclined channel 1c goes up again at a rushing speed aiming for the upstream upstream light and passes through the overflow weir part 1b through which light enters from the front of the vertical multi-stage block body 1. 1a is reached. The mountain stream fish with the remaining swimming power enter into the swimming for the next jump flight movement, and those who want to take a rest are quiet as shown in the recreational fish 11e that prey on the falling water horizontal axis vortex and rest as described above. To swim. Since the hydraulic action and the swimming fish run-up force are described in the explanation of Equation 1, the mechanical matters are omitted. Further, the action in the upper vertical multi-stage block body 1 is also omitted because of repetition.

  The fish that reaches the top of the uppermost stage has daylight connected to the upper irrigation channel 7 and the like, passes through the connection channel that flows below the endurance swimming speed of the mountain stream fish, passes through the linking flow rate adjuster 7v at the rushing speed, and enters the upper irrigation channel 7 Reach. In order to prevent mountain stream fish from entering the downstream side of the canal, it is effective to create a dark tunnel with no daylight and make it impossible to confirm safety for mountain stream fish.

  The upstream channel is of course connected to the upstream river 9a and so on, and facilities to prevent the entry of large trash can be constructed on the way. In order to reduce the number of swimming spots, the high flow velocity section must be arranged short. Rivers have large natural flow rates, and the flow of dust varies greatly with it, and conversely, the arrangement of obstacles such as large fixed stones and blocks to ensure the swimming path and water depth of mountain stream fish by self-cleaning action utilizing it. It is necessary to provide a comfortable environment by utilizing the changes in flow conditions and scouring action.

  The present invention secures a fishway with low-cost, low-maintenance maintenance where a dam or dam such as a river or a natural waterfall or the like causes a step or high-speed flow and the upstream of a mountain stream fish is blocked or is likely to be blocked It is a revolutionary thing that can be done, and there are many mountain stream fish and fish shadows that go up in search of a good spawning place, and natural recovery can be expected dramatically. In addition, when the thin material shown in FIG. 3 is made of a transparent material, the state of the mountain stream fish going up swimming can be easily observed from the outside, and the learning effect of natural recovery can be greatly expected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical multistage fishway block body 1a Falling water horizontal axis swirl 1b Overflow weir part 1c Inclined flow path 1d Inclined flow velocity reduction uneven part 1e Flowing water falls 1f Multistage connection fitting convex part 1g Multistage connection fitting concave part 1h Overflow prevention upper surface inside inclined flow Road side wall 2 Gravel through tunnel 3 Fluid creeping action dust removal mechanism 4 Gravel receiving bar lattice 5 Large gravel exclusion through-hole 6 Large gravel buffer drop pipe 7 Upper water channel etc. 7s Rough dust removal comb blade screen 7v Linkage flow rate adjuster 8 Lower river connection channel 9a Upstream rivers, etc. 9b Downstream rivers, etc. 10 Flowing water 11 Recreational fish 11a Recreational fish that swims at a rushing speed while rotating in the vortex direction in the horizontal axis vortex 11b 11c Inclined fish that jumped from underwater in the water 11c Jumped to the upstream of the running waterfall and started to plunge again against the inclined flow 11d Substantially, swimming fish to break the predation of bait toward the swimming fish 11e falling water horizontal axis vortex to be Tsuko tracing to Noboritsume next edge 12a small dust 12b large gravel

Claims (1)

  In the fishway for mountain stream, the sloped stream, waterfall and reed in the mountain stream are reproduced in a compact manner. Falling water horizontal axis swirl reed 1a which helps jumping in narrow reeds by stacking in multiple stages, and waterfall 1e directly above A short slanted channel 1c connected to the running waterfall, the upper-stage falling water horizontal axis swirl 1a is arranged in front of the run-up, and the small dust trap stored in the reed was devised to be rolled up by the strong swirl and flowed down with the running water. Considering the maximum rush speed and jumping movement of the ascending fish, the low-cost, small-space, short-work work, consisting of a basic block body with an opening so that there is always a lighting part in the ascending direction so that the ascending can be done safely and reliably A fishway block characterized by the ability to stack vertically in multiple stages as shown in Figure 1, which facilitates the construction of a good fishway through maintenance.

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