JP2012069377A - Fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress a reduction in the generation performance of a fuel cell.SOLUTION: A separator for the fuel cell includes: a first section in which cooling medium passages are formed on a first direction side along the direction of stacking and first reactant gas passages are formed on a second direction side; a second section in which first reactant gas passages are formed on the first direction side and cooling medium passages are formed on the second direction side; and a third section in which second reactant gas passages are formed on the first direction side and the second direction side. A plurality of separators are stacked such that between the first section and the second section of one separator, the third section of another separator is situated. Generator layers are arranged between the first section of the one separator and the third section of the other separator and between the second section of the one separator and the third section of the other separator. An insulator layer is arranged between the first section of the one separator and the second section of the other separator.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell capable of suppressing a decrease in power generation performance due to contact resistance.

  In a fuel cell, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a reaction gas (a fuel gas and an oxidant gas) is applied to each of a pair of catalyst layers (an anode side catalyst layer and a cathode side catalyst layer) disposed with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween. By supplying and causing an electrochemical reaction, the chemical energy of the substance is directly converted into electrical energy. The fuel gas is also called anode gas, and the oxidant gas is also called cathode gas.

  In general, a fuel cell has a plurality of unit cells (for example, several) having a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of catalyst layers, and a pair of separators sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly. Hundred sheets) Used in the form of a stacked structure.

  In a fuel cell, in order to suppress a decrease in output due to contact resistance between unit cells, the stacked unit cells are tightened with a plurality of different tightening forces, and output current and output voltage are measured. A technique is known in which unit cells that are stacked are tightened with a tightening force having the maximum output (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-71627 A

  However, the conventional fuel cell has a problem in that power generation performance deteriorates because contact resistance still exists between unit cells. Such a decrease in power generation performance tends to increase particularly during high current operation.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to suppress a decrease in power generation performance of a fuel cell.

  In order to solve at least a part of the above problems, the present invention can be realized as the following forms or application examples.

Application Example 1 A fuel cell that generates power using a first reaction gas and a second reaction gas,
A plurality of separators formed of a conductive material, each having a cooling medium flow path formed on the first direction side along the stacking direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction A first portion in which a flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the side, and is connected to the first portion located on the second direction side of the first portion, and A second portion in which a flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the direction side and a flow path for a cooling medium is formed on the second direction side, and the second portion of the second portion. A third portion located on the second direction side and connected to the second portion, wherein the second direction gas flow path is formed on the first direction side and the second direction side; The third portion of the other separator is between the first portion and the second portion of one separator. A plurality of separators which are stacked so that location,
A power generation layer including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of catalyst layers sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, between the first portion of one separator and the third portion of the other separator, A power generator layer disposed between the second portion of the separator and the third portion of the other separator;
A fuel cell comprising: an insulator layer disposed between the first portion of one of the separators and the second portion of the other separator.

  This fuel cell includes a plurality of separators formed of a conductive material. Each of the plurality of separators includes a first part, a second part connected to the first part located on the second direction side of the first part, and a second direction of the second part And a third part located on the side and connected to the second part. A flow path for the cooling medium is formed on the first direction side of the first portion, and a flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the second direction side. A flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the first direction side of the second portion, and a flow path for the cooling medium is formed on the second direction side. A flow path for the second reactive gas is formed on the first direction side and the second direction side of the third portion. The plurality of separators are stacked such that the third portion of the other separator is positioned between the first portion and the second portion of one separator. Further, in this fuel cell, between the first part of one separator and the third part of the other separator, and between the second part of one separator and the third part of the other separator. In addition, a power generator layer including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of catalyst layers is disposed. In this fuel cell, an insulator layer is disposed between the first portion of one separator and the second portion of the other separator. For this reason, in this fuel cell, there is no portion where the conductivity is ensured by the contact between the separators, and therefore it is possible to suppress a decrease in the power generation performance of the fuel cell due to the contact resistance between the separators.

[Application Example 2] The fuel cell according to Application Example 1,
At least one of the first part, the second part, and the third part of the separator has a concavo-convex cross section for forming the flow path.

  In this fuel cell, a flow path can be secured on both sides of each part of the separator with a simple configuration.

[Application Example 3] The fuel cell according to Application Example 1 or Application Example 2,
The insulator layer is formed using a porous insulating material,
A fuel cell, wherein a cooling medium is supplied to the cooling medium flow path via an internal space of the insulator layer.

  In this fuel cell, the degree of freedom of the formation position of the manifold for supplying and discharging the cooling medium can be improved, and the planar optimization design of the fuel cell can be facilitated.

[Application Example 4] The fuel cell according to any one of Application Example 1 to Application Example 3,
The fuel cell, wherein the first reaction gas is a fuel gas and the second reaction gas is an oxidant gas.

  In this fuel cell, the flow path for the cooling medium is formed on the anode side of the power generation layer, and a water concentration gradient is generated in the electrolyte membrane so that the temperature on the anode side is lower than the temperature on the cathode side. Power generation performance can be improved by facilitating the diffusion of water from the cathode side to the anode side and making the water balance in the fuel cell uniform.

[Application Example 5] The fuel cell according to any one of Application Example 1 to Application Example 4,
The separator includes the first portion, the second portion, the third portion, one end portion of the first portion, and one end portion of the second portion, each having a substantially plate shape that is substantially parallel to each other. A fuel cell comprising: a first connecting portion that connects the first portion, and a second connecting portion that connects the other end portion of the second portion and the end portion of the third portion.

  In this fuel cell, a fuel cell in which a plurality of separators, a power generator layer, and an insulator layer are stacked can be configured without securing conductivity by contact between the separators.

  In addition, this invention can be implement | achieved in various aspects, for example, can be implement | achieved with forms, such as a fuel cell, a separator for fuel cells, a fuel cell system.

It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the fuel cell system 10 in the Example of this invention. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of each module 140 constituting the fuel cell 100. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic shape of a separator 20. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the performance evaluation test result of the fuel cell 100 of a present Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the fuel cell 100a of a comparative example.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order based on examples.
A. Example:
B. Variations:

A. Example:
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell system 10 is a system that generates power using hydrogen as a fuel gas and air as an oxidant gas.

  The fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell 100. The fuel cell 100 is a stack in which an end plate 110, an insulating plate 120, a current collecting plate 130, a plurality of modules 140, a current collecting plate 130, an insulating plate 120, and an end plate 110 are stacked in this order. It has a structure. Inside the fuel cell 100, there are a fuel gas supply manifold, a fuel gas discharge manifold, and an oxidant gas supply manifold as flow paths extending in the stacking direction of the fuel cells 100 (that is, a direction substantially orthogonal to the surface direction of the module 140). And an oxidant gas discharge manifold, a cooling medium supply manifold, and a cooling medium discharge manifold (all not shown).

  Hydrogen as fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell 100 from a hydrogen tank 50 that stores high-pressure hydrogen via a shut valve 51, a regulator 52, and a pipe 53. The hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 100 is distributed to each module 140 via the fuel gas supply manifold and used for power generation in each module 140. Hydrogen (anode off gas) that has not been used in each module 140 is collected via the fuel gas discharge manifold and discharged to the outside of the fuel cell 100 via the discharge pipe 63. The fuel cell system 10 may have a recirculation mechanism that recirculates the anode off gas to the pipe 53 side.

  The fuel cell 100 is also supplied with air as an oxidant gas via an air pump 60 and a pipe 61. The air supplied to the fuel cell 100 is distributed to each module 140 via the oxidant gas supply manifold and used for power generation in each module 140. Air (cathode off-gas) that has not been used in each module 140 is collected via the oxidant gas discharge manifold and discharged to the outside of the fuel cell 100 via the discharge pipe 54.

  Further, the cooling medium cooled by the radiator 70 is supplied to the fuel cell 100 via the water pump 71 and the pipe 72 in order to cool each module 140. The cooling medium supplied to the fuel cell 100 is distributed to each module 140 via the cooling medium supply manifold, and is used for cooling each module 140. Thereafter, the cooling medium is collected via the cooling medium discharge manifold and circulates to the radiator 70 via the pipe 73. As the cooling medium, for example, water, an antifreeze such as ethylene glycol, air, or the like is used.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of each module 140 constituting the fuel cell 100. As shown in FIG. 2, the stacked body of the plurality of modules 140 in the fuel cell 100 has a configuration in which a plurality of separators 20, a plurality of power generator layers 30, and a plurality of insulator layers 40 are stacked. ing. In FIG. 2, only a portion constituted by the three separators 20 is extracted from the stacked body of the plurality of modules 140 in the fuel cell 100.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic shape of the separator 20. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the separator 20 includes a first portion 21, a second portion 22, and a third portion 23. The first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the third portion 23 are all substantially flat plate shapes that are substantially orthogonal to the stacking direction. The separator 20 includes a first connecting portion 24 that connects the end portion of the first portion 21 and one end portion of the second portion 22 along the stacking direction, and the other end of the second portion 22. A second connecting portion 25 that connects the end portion and the end portion of the third portion 23 along the stacking direction. That is, the separator 20 is formed in a substantially S-shaped cross section (crank cross section). The separator 20 is formed of a material having low hydrogen permeability and conductivity (for example, metal or carbon).

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the third portion 23 of the separator 20 all have an uneven cross section along the stacking direction. As a result, a groove-like coolant flow path 26 is formed on one side (hereinafter referred to as “first direction”) along the stacking direction of the first portion 21, and the first portion 21 is formed. On the other side (hereinafter, referred to as “second direction”) along the stacking direction, a groove-like fuel gas flow path 27 is formed. Further, a groove-like fuel gas flow path 27 is formed on the second direction side of the second portion 22, and a groove-shaped coolant flow path 26 is formed on the second direction side of the second portion 22. Is formed. Further, groove-shaped oxidant gas flow paths 28 are formed on the first direction side and the second direction side of the third portion 23. The fuel gas flow path 27 communicates with the fuel gas supply manifold and the fuel gas discharge manifold described above, and the oxidant gas flow path 28 includes the oxidant gas supply manifold and the oxidant gas discharge manifold described above. Communicate.

  The plurality of separators 20 are meshed alternately so that the third portions 23 of the other separators 20 are positioned between the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 of one separator 20. In this way, they are stacked on each other.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power generation layer 30 has a configuration in which a cathode side diffusion layer 36, a membrane electrode assembly 35, and an anode side diffusion layer 37 are laminated in order. The membrane electrode assembly 35 includes an electrolyte membrane 31, a cathode side catalyst layer 33 disposed (coated) on the cathode side of the electrolyte membrane 31, and an anode side catalyst layer 34 disposed (coated) on the anode side of the electrolyte membrane 31. And is composed of.

  The electrolyte membrane 31 is a solid polymer membrane formed of, for example, a fluorine resin material or a hydrocarbon resin material, and has good proton conductivity in a wet state. The cathode side catalyst layer 33 and the anode side catalyst layer 34 are formed of, for example, platinum or an alloy made of platinum and other metals as a catalyst for promoting an electrode reaction, and a polymer electrolyte. The cathode side diffusion layer 36 and the anode side diffusion layer 37 are formed by, for example, carbon cloth woven with yarns made of carbon fibers, carbon paper, carbon felt, or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power generator layer 30 is disposed between the first portion 21 of one separator 20 and the third portion 23 of the other separator 20. The power generation layer 30 (for example, 30A in FIG. 2) disposed at this position is oriented such that the first direction side is the anode side and the second direction side is the cathode side. Further, the power generating layer 30 is also disposed between the second portion 22 of one separator 20 and the third portion 23 of the other separator 20. The power generation layer 30 (for example, 30B in FIG. 2) disposed at this position is oriented such that the first direction side is the cathode side and the second direction side is the anode side. As described above, since the plurality of power generation layers 30 included in the fuel cell 100 are arranged so that the directions are alternately reversed, the anodes are formed between the power generation layers 30 adjacent to each other with the separator 20 or the like interposed therebetween. The sides and the cathode sides will face each other.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an insulator layer 40 is disposed between the first portion 21 of one separator 20 and the second portion 22 of the other separator 20. The insulator layer 40 prevents a short circuit between the separators 20 and prevents a cooling medium from leaking. The insulator layer 40 is formed using an insulating material. In this embodiment, the insulator layer 40 is formed by using a porous insulating material, and the gap inside the insulator layer 40 communicates with the cooling medium supply manifold and the cooling medium discharge manifold described above. ing.

  Further, between the tip of the first portion 21 of one separator 20 and the second connecting portion 25 of the other separator 20, the tip of the third portion 23 of one separator 20 and the other separator 20. An insulating sealing adhesive 41 is arranged between the first connecting portion 24 and the first connecting portion 24. Further, the first connecting portion 24 of the power generator layer 30 (for example, 30B in FIG. 2) disposed between the second portion 22 of one separator 20 and the third portion 23 of the other separator 20 is provided. An insulating sealing adhesive 42 is formed at the end opposite to the facing side. The insulating sealing adhesive 41 and the insulating sealing adhesive 42 prevent a short circuit between the separators 20 and prevent leakage of the cooling medium.

  In the fuel cell 100 having such a configuration, the module 140 includes the insulator layer 40 (half), the first portion 21 of one separator 20, the power generator layer 30, and the third separator 20 of the other separator 20. The portion 23, the power generator layer 30, the second portion 22 of the one separator 20, and the insulator layer 40 (half) are configured. The fuel cell 100 has a configuration in which a plurality of modules 140 serving as repeating units are stacked.

  In the fuel cell 100, the hydrogen supplied from the fuel gas supply manifold described above flows to the anode side diffusion layer 37 of the power generation layer 30 and further to the anode side catalyst layer 34 while flowing in the fuel gas flow path 27. Is done. The air supplied from the oxidant gas supply manifold described above is supplied to the cathode side diffusion layer 36 of the power generation layer 30 and further to the cathode side catalyst layer 33 while flowing in the oxidant gas flow path 28. The In addition, the cooling medium supplied from the cooling medium supply manifold described above is guided into the cooling medium flow path 26 through the gap inside the insulator layer 40, and flows through the cooling medium flow path 26 while generating power. Cool layer 30 (on the anode side).

  In the fuel cell 100 described above, there is no portion where the conductivity is ensured by the contact between the separators 20, and thus there is no contact resistance between the separators 20 between the modules 140 in principle. Therefore, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, output reduction due to contact resistance between separators can be suppressed.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the performance evaluation test result of the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment. In the performance evaluation test, the fuel cell 100a of the comparative example was used together with the fuel cell 100 of the example. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell 100a of a comparative example. The fuel cell 100a of the comparative example is a conventional general fuel cell, and includes a power generator layer 30a having the same configuration as that of the embodiment and a pair of separators 20a disposed with the power generator layer 30a interposed therebetween. A plurality of modules 140a (unit cells) are stacked. In the fuel cell 100a of the comparative example, since the electrical conductivity between the modules 140a is ensured at the contact portion P between the separators 20a, there is a contact resistance between the separators 20a between the modules 140a.

  FIG. 4 shows the evaluation test results of the IV performance of the fuel cell 100 of the example and the fuel cell 100a of the comparative example. As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel cell 100 according to the present embodiment exhibits better IV performance than the fuel cell 100 a according to the comparative example. In particular, during high current operation, the fuel cell 100 of this embodiment exhibits good IV performance. As a factor of the improvement of the IV performance, it is conceivable that the output decrease due to the contact resistance is suppressed because there is no contact resistance between the separators 20 between the modules 140 in the fuel cell 100 of the embodiment.

  In addition, other factors described below can be considered as factors for improving the IV performance. The electrolyte membrane 31 requires water molecules for the movement of hydrogen ions therein, and exhibits high hydrogen ion conductivity only when it contains moisture. Therefore, when the water in the fuel cell 100 is insufficient and the electrolyte membrane 31 is dried, the conductivity of hydrogen ions is reduced, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 is reduced. On the other hand, when excessive moisture exists in the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 31, the supply of the reaction gas is hindered by the water, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell 100 is also lowered. In particular, on the cathode side, water is generated by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, so that excess water tends to be generated in the vicinity of the cathode. Therefore, in order to maintain high power generation performance in the fuel cell 100, it is important to satisfy both the drainage of excess water in the fuel cell 100 and the moisture retention of the electrolyte membrane 31. Specifically, it is considered effective to correct the water balance between the cathode side and the anode side by promoting the transport of moisture in the electrolyte membrane 31 from the cathode side to the anode side.

  In the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the anode sides and the cathode sides face each other between adjacent power generation layers 30 with the separator 20 or the like interposed therebetween, and the anodes of the two power generation layers 30 A cooling medium flow path 26 is formed in a portion sandwiched between the sides. Therefore, in the fuel cell 100 of this embodiment, a water concentration gradient can be generated in the electrolyte membrane 31 so that the temperature on the anode side is lower than the temperature on the cathode side, and water from the cathode side to the anode side can be generated. The water balance in the fuel cell 100 can be made uniform. Therefore, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve both the drainage of excess water in the fuel cell 100 and the moisture retention of the electrolyte membrane 31, and improve the IV performance.

  Further, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, it is not necessary to form the coolant flow path 26 in the portion sandwiched between the two power generation body layers 30 on the cathode side. Therefore, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the size of the device.

  Further, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, the first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the third portion 23 of the separator 20 have a concavo-convex cross section along the stacking direction. Since the cooling medium flow path 26, the fuel gas flow path 27, and the oxidant gas flow path 28 are formed, the flow paths can be secured on both sides of each portion with a simple configuration.

  Further, in the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment, the insulator layer 40 is formed using a porous insulating material, and the cooling medium flow path 26 is cooled via the internal space of the insulator layer 40. Since the medium is supplied, the degree of freedom of the formation position of the cooling medium supply manifold and the cooling medium discharge manifold can be improved, and the planar optimal design of the module 140 can be facilitated.

B. Variations:
The present invention is not limited to the above-described examples and embodiments, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist thereof. For example, the following modifications are possible.

  The configuration of the fuel cell system 10 in the above embodiment is merely an example, and various modifications can be made. For example, although hydrogen as fuel gas is supplied from the hydrogen tank 50 in the above embodiment, hydrogen may be supplied from other supply means (for example, a fossil energy reformer).

  In the above embodiment, the arrangement of the anode side and the cathode side may be reversed. That is, an oxidizing gas flow path is formed on the second direction side of the first portion 21 of the separator 20 and the first direction side of the second portion 22, and the first direction side of the third portion 23. In addition, a fuel gas flow path may be formed on the second direction side, and the direction of the power generation layer 30 may be opposite to that of the above-described embodiment. Even if it does in this way, since the contact resistance of the separators 20 between the modules 140 does not exist like the said Example, the output fall by the contact resistance of separators can be suppressed. However, if the arrangement on the anode side and the cathode side is the arrangement as in the above-described embodiment, as described above, the concentration gradient of water in the electrolyte membrane 31 so that the temperature on the anode side is lower than the temperature on the cathode side. This is more preferable because the power generation performance can be improved by facilitating the diffusion of water from the cathode side to the anode side and making the water balance in the fuel cell 100 uniform.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the insulating layer 40 is formed using a porous insulating material, and the cooling medium is supplied to the cooling medium flow path 26 via the internal gap of the insulating layer 40. However, the cooling medium may be supplied to the cooling medium flow path 26 without going through the insulator layer 40. In this case, the insulator layer 40 is formed using a non-porous (that is, dense) insulating material, or using a porous insulating material in which voids are sealed.

  Further, since the third portion 23 of the separator 20 faces the same polarity side (cathode side in the embodiment) of the power generation layer 30 on both sides, it is not necessary to exhibit the function of separating the reaction gas. Therefore, the third portion 23 of the separator 20 is formed of any material as long as it has conductivity and can form a reaction gas flow path on the first direction side and the second direction side. May be. For example, the third portion 23 of the separator 20 may be formed of expanded metal.

  In the above embodiment, a gas other than air may be used as the oxidant gas, and a gas other than hydrogen may be used as the fuel gas. In the above embodiment, the fuel cell 100 is a solid polymer fuel cell, but the present invention is also applicable to other types of fuel cells (for example, direct methanol fuel cells and phosphoric acid fuel cells). Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell system 20 ... Separator 21 ... 1st part 22 ... 2nd part 23 ... 3rd part 24 ... 1st connection part 25 ... 2nd connection part 26 ... Flow path for cooling media 27 ... Fuel Gas channel 28 ... Oxidant gas channel 30 ... Power generation layer 31 ... Electrolyte membrane 33 ... Cathode side catalyst layer 34 ... Anode side catalyst layer 35 ... Membrane electrode assembly 36 ... Cathode side diffusion layer 37 ... Anode side diffusion Layer 40 ... Insulator layer 41 ... Insulation sealing adhesive 42 ... Insulation sealing adhesive 50 ... Hydrogen tank 51 ... Shut valve 52 ... Regulator 53 ... Pipe 54 ... Discharge pipe 60 ... Air pump 61 ... Pipe 63 ... Discharge pipe DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 70 ... Radiator 71 ... Water pump 72 ... Piping 73 ... Piping 100 ... Fuel cell 110 ... End plate 120 ... Insulating plate 130 ... Current collecting plate 140 ... Module

Claims (5)

A fuel cell that generates power using a first reaction gas and a second reaction gas,
A plurality of separators formed of a conductive material, each having a cooling medium flow path formed on the first direction side along the stacking direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction A first portion in which a flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the side, and is connected to the first portion located on the second direction side of the first portion, and A second portion in which a flow path for the first reactive gas is formed on the direction side and a flow path for a cooling medium is formed on the second direction side, and the second portion of the second portion. A third portion located on the second direction side and connected to the second portion, wherein the second direction gas flow path is formed on the first direction side and the second direction side; The third portion of the other separator is between the first portion and the second portion of one separator. Are stacked so that location, and a plurality of separators,
A power generation layer including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of catalyst layers sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, between the first portion of one separator and the third portion of the other separator, A power generator layer disposed between the second portion of the separator and the third portion of the other separator;
A fuel cell comprising: an insulator layer disposed between the first portion of one of the separators and the second portion of the other separator. The fuel cell according to claim 1,
At least one of the first part, the second part, and the third part of the separator has a concavo-convex cross section for forming the flow path. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
The insulator layer is formed using a porous insulating material,
A fuel cell, wherein a cooling medium is supplied to the cooling medium flow path via an internal space of the insulator layer. A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The fuel cell, wherein the first reaction gas is a fuel gas and the second reaction gas is an oxidant gas. The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
The separator includes the first portion, the second portion, the third portion, one end portion of the first portion, and one end portion of the second portion, each having a substantially plate shape that is substantially parallel to each other. A fuel cell comprising: a first connecting portion that connects the first portion, and a second connecting portion that connects the other end portion of the second portion and the end portion of the third portion.

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