JP2012065839A - Bone drilling hollow drill - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bone drilling hollow drill manufactured at a low cost with a simple structure, extremely low in the produced amount of chips from shaving and cutting a bone during drilling, and easily extracting bone marrow.SOLUTION: The bone drilling hollow drill 1 for opening a hole in the bone and extracting the bone marrow B1 is formed with a cutting edge 3 extending in completely circular ring shape and gradually thinned in wall thickness toward the tip, at the tip of a cylindrical hollow drill body 2, and formed with a level difference 2a facing the rear end side, on the inner peripheral surface of the tip part of the hollow drill body 2 at least.

Description

  The present invention relates to a hollow drill for drilling bone that can make a hole in bone and collect bone marrow.

  Conventionally, as a means for collecting bone marrow inside a bone, a bone marrow puncture needle having a double-needle structure composed of a cylindrical outer needle and an inner needle inserted therethrough is inserted into the bone and bone marrow is extracted from the bone cortex. A method is known in which the inner needle is withdrawn with the distal end reaching the bone marrow, and the bone marrow is aspirated using the remaining outer needle. Moreover, although this bone marrow puncture needle manually drilled bone, a method of drilling and drilling using an electric drill has also been proposed (Patent Document 1). Furthermore, as a device for drilling bone, there has been proposed a hollow-type bone drilling tool constituted by a drilled pipe having a bevel-cut blade portion or a serrated blade portion at the tip (Patent Document 2).

JP 2008-178468 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-120709

The following problems remain in the conventional technology.
That is, conventionally, a bone marrow puncture needle having a double puncture needle structure is used to make a hole in a bone to collect bone marrow. However, since an inner needle and an outer needle are required, the structure is complicated and expensive. There was an inconvenience. In addition, a suction operation is required for collecting bone marrow, which is inconvenient and time consuming. In particular, when it is desired to collect a small amount of bone marrow as a sample, it is desired to collect the bone marrow more easily and in a short time. Furthermore, when drilling with an electric drill, in the case where a sharp cutting edge is formed at the tip edge as in the technique described in Patent Document 1, when drilling a bone by rotating, the drilling is performed while cutting. There was a problem that a lot of bone shavings and chips were generated. In addition, there is an instrument for perforating bone with a perforated pipe as described in Patent Document 2, but in a perforated pipe having a bevel-cut blade at the tip, it is inserted into a bone like a needle and used. In the case of hard and thick bones, it is difficult to penetrate deeply. In addition, in a perforated pipe having a serrated blade at the tip, it is possible to open a hole while scraping even hard bone with the serrated blade by rotating it, but bone chips are still generated There was a problem. In addition, the bone marrow could not be easily collected without using a double needle structure or suction means and producing chips with only one drill.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can be manufactured at a low cost with a simple structure, and the amount of bone shavings and chips generated during drilling is extremely small and bone marrow can be collected easily. An object of the present invention is to provide a hollow drill for use.

  The present invention employs the following configuration in order to solve the above problems. That is, the bone drilling hollow drill of the present invention is a bone drilling hollow drill for making a hole in a bone and collecting bone marrow, and is extended at the tip of a cylindrical hollow drill body in a perfect circular shape. A cutting edge that is present and gradually thinned toward the tip is formed, and at least the inner peripheral surface of the tip of the hollow drill body is formed with unevenness or a step toward the rear end. It is characterized by that.

  In this hollow drill for bone drilling, at the tip of a cylindrical hollow drill main body, a cutting edge extending in a perfect circle and having a thickness gradually reduced toward the tip is formed. At least the hollow drill Since the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the main body is uneven or stepped toward the rear end side, the bone is cut out in an annular shape and the drill is pulled out with almost no bone shavings and chips. At this time, the inner bone marrow can be easily collected in a state where the inner bone marrow is locked to the unevenness or the step. That is, by pushing the tip of this hollow drill for drilling bone into the bone while rotating or vibrating, it is possible to make a hole while cutting the bone in an annular shape like a cutter or punch by the circular cutting edge at the tip. It is possible to generate bone shavings which are generated when a hole is made while cutting bone like a serrated blade. Also, when the tip reaches the inside of the bone, the bone marrow is clogged inside the tip, and when the hollow drill for bone drilling is pulled out in this state, the irregularities and steps formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tip are The bone marrow is locked so that it is difficult for the soft bone marrow to come off from the tip, and the tip can be extracted and collected outside the bone with much of the tip clogged. Further, since the cut bone piece is clogged inside when it is pulled out, it is easy to extract the bone marrow that is in close contact with the bone piece. Thus, with this hollow drill for bone drilling, bone marrow can be collected simply by pulling out after drilling, and bone marrow can be collected easily in a short time with only one simple configuration.

In the hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention, an internal taper portion having an inner diameter gradually decreasing from the front end toward the rear end is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the front end portion of the hollow drill body. The step is formed at the rear end.
That is, in this hollow drill for bone drilling, a step is formed at the rear end of the internal tapered portion formed on the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the hollow drill body, so that when the tip reaches the inside of the bone, When the hollow drill for drilling is pulled out, the bone marrow is locked at the step at the rear end of the internal taper portion, so that it is difficult for the bone marrow to come off from the tip, and it can be easily collected.

The hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention is characterized in that the unevenness or the step is formed in a spiral shape on the inner peripheral surface.
That is, in this hollow drill for bone drilling, the unevenness or step is formed in a spiral shape on the inner peripheral surface. Therefore, when pushing into the bone while rotating, it is made to correspond to the spiral unevenness or step on the inner peripheral surface. By rotating in the direction, it becomes easy to introduce due to the screw effect, and when pulling out, the bone marrow is locked to the long spiral irregularities or steps, and more can be collected.

In the hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention, an outer taper portion having an outer diameter gradually increasing from the front end to the rear end is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion of the hollow drill body. The rear end side has an outer diameter smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the outer tapered portion.
That is, in this hollow drill for bone drilling, the rear end side of the outer taper portion is narrower and the outer diameter is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the outer taper portion, so that the rear end side of the outer taper portion has escaped. It becomes a shape, and resistance when pushing into the bone when drilling is reduced.

The hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention is characterized in that a pair of slits parallel to the axial direction from the front end to the rear end are formed on the cutting edge at positions symmetrical to the axis.
That is, in this hollow drill for bone drilling, a pair of slits parallel to the axial direction from the front end to the rear end are formed on the cutting edge at positions symmetrical with respect to the axis. Makes it easier to bite into the bone and make it easier to perforate. In addition, since a pair of slits are formed at symmetrical positions with respect to the axis, the balance during rotation is good.

The present invention has the following effects.
That is, according to the hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention, the cutting edge which extends in the shape of a perfect circle at the tip of the cylindrical hollow drill body and whose thickness is gradually reduced toward the tip. Is formed at least on the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the hollow drill body, so that unevenness or a step toward the rear end is formed. When the drill is pulled out in a state where the inner bone marrow is locked to the unevenness or step, it can be easily collected. Therefore, if this bone drilling hollow drill is used, the bone marrow can be sampled simultaneously with the drilling of the bone with only one simple structure, and the sampling operation can be performed easily and in a short time.

1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a hollow drill for bone drilling according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In 1st Embodiment, they are the perspective view and sectional drawing which show the front-end | tip part of a hollow drill main body. In the hollow drill for bone drilling of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, it is sectional drawing which shows the front-end | tip part of a hollow drill main body. In the hollow drill for bone drilling of 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, it is a perspective view which shows the front-end | tip part of a hollow drill main body. It is a front view which shows the application example which attached the hollow drill for bone drilling which concerns on this invention to the ultrasonic generator.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a hollow drill for bone drilling according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  The hollow drill 1 for bone drilling according to the present embodiment is a hollow drill for bone drilling for making a hole in a bone and collecting bone marrow, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cylindrical hollow drill body 2. A cutting edge 3 extending in a circular shape of a perfect circle and having a wall thickness gradually reduced toward the tip is formed at the tip of the tip, and at the rear end, at least on the inner peripheral surface of the tip of the hollow drill body 2 A step 2a directed to the side is formed.

That is, an internal taper portion 2b having an inner diameter gradually decreasing from the front end toward the rear end is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the front end portion of the hollow drill body 2, and the step 2a is formed at the rear end of the inner taper portion 2b. It is formed in an annular shape.
Further, an outer tapered portion 2c having an outer diameter gradually increasing from the leading end toward the rear end is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the hollow drill body 2, and the outer tapered portion 2c is located on the rear end side from the outer tapered portion 2c. The outer diameter is smaller than the maximum outer diameter.

As shown in FIG. 1, the bone drilling hollow drill 1 has a proximal end portion which is a shank portion fixed to the distal end of the head portion 4, and the proximal end portion of the head portion 4 is screwed to the distal end of the handle portion 5. Used fixedly.
The hollow drill body 2 is made of a material such as stainless steel or titanium such as SUS316L or SUS630. Moreover, the hollow drill main body 2 is 30-60 mm in length, for example, and the diameter (phi) of the cutting edge 3 of a front-end | tip is 4-6 mm.

  Next, a method for collecting bone marrow by making a hole in a bone using the bone drilling hollow drill 1 of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, by pushing the distal end of the bone drilling hollow drill 1 into the bone while rotating, it is possible to make a hole while cutting the bone in an annular shape like a cutter or punch by the sharp cutting blade 3 at the distal end. Bone shavings generated when a hole is made while cutting bone like a serrated blade are hardly generated.

  When the tip reaches the inside of the bone, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the bone marrow B1 is clogged inside the tip, and in this state the hollow drill 1 for bone drilling is pulled out, The bone marrow B1 is locked to the step 2a formed on the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion, so that it is difficult for the soft bone marrow B1 to fall off from the distal end. can do.

  Further, since the cut bone piece B2 is clogged inside when the bone piece B2 is pulled out, the bone marrow B1 adhered to the bone piece B2 can be easily extracted. Thus, in this hollow drill 1 for bone drilling, the bone marrow B1 can be collected by simply pulling out after drilling, and the bone marrow can be collected easily in a short time with only one simple configuration.

  Therefore, the hollow drill 1 for bone drilling according to the present embodiment has a cutting blade that extends in a circular shape at the tip of the cylindrical hollow drill main body 2 and is gradually thinned toward the tip. 3 is formed, and at least the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the hollow drill body 2 is formed with a step 2a facing the rear end side at the rear end of the inner tapered portion 2b. The bone can be cut out in an annular shape and hardly extracted, and the bone marrow B1 inside can be easily collected while being locked to the step 2a when the drill is pulled out.

  In addition, since the rear end side of the outer taper portion 2c is narrower and has an outer diameter smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the outer taper portion 2c, the rear end side of the outer taper portion 2c has a shape with a relief, and a hole is formed. Sometimes there is less resistance when pushing into the bone.

  Next, 2nd Embodiment and 3rd Embodiment of the hollow drill for bone drilling which concerns on this invention are described below with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. In the following description of each embodiment, the same constituent elements described in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in the first embodiment, an internal tapered portion 2b is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the hollow drill body 2, and a step 2a is formed on the rear end side. On the other hand, in the hollow drill 11 for bone drilling according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the spiral irregularities 12 a are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the hollow drill body 12. is there. That is, in 2nd Embodiment, the unevenness | corrugation 12a by the groove | channel which continues spirally is formed in the internal peripheral surface of the front-end | tip part of the hollow drill main body 12. FIG.

Accordingly, in the hollow drill 11 for drilling bone according to the second embodiment, the irregularities 12a are formed in a spiral shape on the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion. By rotating in the direction corresponding to the unevenness 12a, it becomes easy to introduce due to the screw effect, and when extracting, the bone marrow is locked to the long helical unevenness 12a, and more can be collected. It becomes possible.
In the second embodiment, the unevenness 12a is formed by the spiral groove, but the unevenness may be formed by a spiral protrusion or step.

Next, the difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that, in the first embodiment, the cutting edge 3 extending continuously in a perfect circular shape is formed, whereas the third embodiment is different from the third embodiment. In the hollow drill 21 for bone drilling according to the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, slits 23 a parallel to the axial direction from the front end to the rear end are symmetrically formed on the cutting edge 23 of the hollow drill body 22. It is a point formed in pairs.
That is, in the third embodiment, the slits 23 a are formed in a square groove shape at two locations along the cutting edge 23.

  Therefore, in the bone drilling hollow drill 21 of the third embodiment, the cutting blade 23 is formed with a pair of slits 23a parallel to the axial direction from the front end to the rear end at positions symmetrical to the axis. The cutting edge 23 is easy to bite into the bone at the tip angle of the slit 23a, and drilling is easy. In addition, since a pair of slits 23a are formed at positions symmetrical with respect to the axis, the balance during rotation is good.

  In addition, since it is only the slit 23a parallel to the axial direction, the biting of the cutting edge 23 is improved regardless of the rotation direction in either the right rotation or the left rotation. In addition, when a large number of slits 23a are formed, the bone is cut and drilled only at the tip angle of the slit as in the case of a conventional sawtooth-shaped blade portion, and a lot of bone shavings are generated. In the present embodiment, only one pair of slits 23a is provided, and the slits 23a are perforated by cutting and punching without being sharpened by the annular cutting edge 23.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to each embodiment mentioned above, A various deformation | transformation and application are possible within the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.

For example, in each of the above embodiments, the hollow drill for drilling bone according to the present invention with the head portion attached is attached to the handle portion and manually drilled, but the shank portion at the proximal end is attached to the electric drill body, The hollow drill for bone drilling may be rotated and used electrically.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the bone drilling hollow drill 1 of the present invention may be attached to the ultrasonic generator 30, and the drilling may be performed by ultrasonic vibration. In this case, the cutting blade 3 cuts the bone by vibration by manually pressing the cutting blade 3 at the tip of the hollow drill body 2 against the bone while applying ultrasonic waves to the bone drilling hollow drill 1 with the ultrasonic generator 30. Can be perforated.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hollow drill for bone drilling, 2, 12, 22 ... Hollow drill main body, 2a ... Level difference, 2b ... Internal taper part, 2c ... External taper part, 3, 13, 23 ... Cutting edge, 12a ... Concavity and convexity, 23a ... Slit 30 ... Ultrasonic generator, B1 ... Bone marrow, B2 ... Bone fragment

Claims (5)

A hollow drill for bone drilling for drilling bone and collecting bone marrow,
At the tip of the cylindrical hollow drill body, a cutting edge is formed that extends in a perfect circular ring shape and is gradually thinned toward the tip.
A hollow drill for bone drilling, characterized in that at least the inner peripheral surface of the front end portion of the hollow drill body is formed with unevenness or a step toward the rear end side. The hollow drill for bone drilling according to claim 1,
An inner taper portion having an inner diameter gradually decreasing from the tip toward the rear end is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tip portion of the hollow drill body, and the step is formed at the rear end of the inner taper portion. A hollow drill for bone drilling. The hollow drill for bone drilling according to claim 1 or 2,
The hollow drill for bone drilling, wherein the irregularities or steps are formed in a spiral shape on the inner peripheral surface. In the hollow drill for bone drilling according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An outer taper portion whose outer diameter gradually increases from the front end to the rear end is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion of the hollow drill body, and the rear end side of the outer taper portion is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the outer taper portion. A hollow drill for bone drilling characterized by having a small outer diameter. In the hollow drill for bone drilling according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A hollow drill for bone drilling, wherein a pair of slits parallel to the axial direction are formed on the cutting edge from the front end to the rear end at positions symmetrical to the axis.

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