JP2012061386A - Crushing method, and crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To finely crush an object to be crushed such as a lawn or the like into a powdery form.SOLUTION: This crushing apparatus for finely crushing the object to be crushed includes the fixed blade attached to the inside of a container body in which the object to be crushed is thrown, the rotary blade rotated in the container body so as to keep a slight gap with respect to the fixed blade not only to cut the object to be crushed along with the fixed blade but also to classify the same into a small object to be crushed and a large object to be crushed in the gap and cutting the large object to be crushed while allowing the small object to be crushed to flow in the gap between the inside of the container body and the fixed blade to grind down and crush the same and a curved recessed part forming a curved crushing space in the state mutually matched with either one of or both of the fixed blade and the rotary blade.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing method and a crushing apparatus for finely pulverizing an object to be crushed, such as lawn, weed, and wood chip.

  There exists a thing of patent document 1 as a crushing method and a crushing apparatus which grind | pulverizes a to-be-ground material finely.

  In this crushing method and crushing apparatus, a fixed blade is attached to the inner wall of a cylindrical container body, and a rotary blade is attached to the bottom of the container body. And this fixed blade and the rotary blade are arrange | positioned so that a slight clearance gap may be made between them. Thereby, by rotating the rotary blade, the rotary blade and the fixed blade cut the object to be crushed, such as a vinyl chloride sheet, and crush between them to generate heat.

JP 2000-189829 A

  By the way, in the conventional crushing method and the crushing apparatus described above, there is no particular problem in that the object to be crushed such as a vinyl chloride sheet is cut into a pellet, but it cannot be made into a finer powder. For example, there is a problem that a lawn or the like cannot be finely pulverized into a powder form.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a problem, and it aims at providing the crushing method and crushing apparatus which grind | pulverize to-be-ground materials, such as lawn, weeds, and a piece of wood finely.

  The crushing method according to the present invention is slightly spaced between the fixed blade and the rotary blade, and the cutting step of breaking the object to be crushed into the container main body finely between the fixed blade and the rotary blade. The separation process of separating small and large crushed objects in a gap, and crushing the small pulverized material flowing between the fixed blade and the rotary blade between the fixed blade and the rotary blade. And a pulverizing step to perform these simultaneously.

  The crushing device according to the present invention is a crushing device for pulverizing a material to be crushed into small pieces, a fixed blade attached in a container body into which the material to be crushed is charged, and the fixed blade in the container body. Rotate while maintaining a slight gap between them, cut the object to be crushed with the fixed blade, and cut the large object to be crushed by separating the small object to be pulverized and the large object to be crushed with the gap. And a rotating blade that grinds and pulverizes a small object to be pulverized between the fixed blade and either one or both of the fixed blade and the rotating blade, and a curved pulverization in a state of being combined with each other. It is characterized by comprising a curved recess that forms a space.

  The material to be crushed is finely broken between the fixed blade and the rotary blade, the small material to be crushed is separated from the large material to be crushed by the gap between the fixed blade and the rotary blade, and the large material to be crushed is cut again. Since a small object to be crushed is ground and pulverized between a fixed blade and a rotary blade, objects to be crushed such as lawn, weeds, and wood chips can be finely pulverized.

It is a front view which shows the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the fixed blade of the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the fixed blade of the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the disk part of the rotary blade of the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the process in the boundary part of the fixed blade and rotary blade of the crushing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a crushing method and a crushing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[Crushing equipment]
First, a crushing apparatus for carrying out the crushing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The crushing device 1 is a device for pulverizing a material to be crushed into small pieces. Examples of the material to be crushed include lawn, weeds, and wood chips. The crushing device 1 is a device that finely pulverizes the lawn, weeds, wood chips and the like into powder.

  The crushing device 1 is mainly composed of a crushing unit 2 for crushing the object to be crushed, a driving unit 3 for driving the crushing unit 2, and a base plate 4 for integrally supporting them. Yes.

  The crushing unit 2 mainly includes a container body 6, a fixed blade 7, a rotary blade 8, a temperature sensor (not shown), a cooling water supply device (not shown), and an exhaust device (not shown). And a control unit (not shown) and a discharge device 9.

  The container body 6 is formed of a deep bottom cylindrical container having an upper opening, and is fixed to the base plate 4. The container body 6 has a cylindrical portion that is divided into two vertically and is fixed by joint bolts 6A. The bottom of the container body 6 is formed in a spherical shape that swells downward. An opening hopper 10 for introducing the cut lawn, weeds, wood chips and the like into the container body 6 is attached to the opening at the top of the container body 6. A discharge port 11 for discharging the finely pulverized object to the outside is provided at the lower part of the container body 6. A discharge device 9 is provided outside the discharge port 11.

  The fixed blade 7 is provided on the lower inner wall in the container body 6. Specifically, the fixed blade 7 is provided facing the rotary blade 8 attached to the bottom of the container body 6. Further, six fixed blades 7 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the container body 6. As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, each fixed blade 7 is in a state where the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8 are aligned with each other (the state in FIG. 6 where the rotating rotary blade 8 is aligned with the fixed blade 7). A curved concave portion 7B that forms a curved grinding space 13 is provided. Specifically, each fixed blade 7 is formed to have a substantially square cross-sectional shape, and blade portions 7A are formed at the four corners thereof. Further, curved concave portions 7B are formed on the four surfaces of each fixed blade 7, respectively. As shown in FIG. 6, the curved concave portion 7 </ b> B forms a curved grinding space 13 between the rotary blade 8 and a narrow inlet 13 </ b> A and outlet 13 </ b> B and a wide intermediate portion 13 </ b> C. With the pulverizing space 13 having this shape, the objects to be crushed that have spread in the wide intermediate portion 13C are collected at the narrow outlet 13B, crushed, and pulverized until they become a fine powder. The fixed blade 7 is fixed to the inner wall of the container body 6 with a support column portion 7D and a fixed flange portion 7E. In addition, when the curved recessed part 7B is located in the upper part of the blade part 7A which cut | disconnects a to-be-ground object, the function which returns the large to-be-cut object to be cut back to the vicinity of the blade part 7A and the blade part 8B along a curved surface is exhibited. It is like that.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6, the rotary blade 8 is a blade that cuts and crushes an object to be crushed in cooperation with the fixed blade 7. That is, the rotary blade 8 rotates while maintaining a slight gap with the fixed blade 7 to cut the object to be crushed between the fixed blade 7 and the gap at the inlet 13A of the pulverization space 13. The small object to be crushed is divided into the small object to be pulverized, the large object to be crushed is cut, and the small object to be pulverized flows into the intermediate portion 13C of the pulverizing space 13 between the fixed blade 7 and ground at the outlet 13B. It is a blade to crush.

  The rotary blade 8 includes a disk portion 15 that supports the rotary blade 8, a rotary shaft 16 that extends downward from the lower portion of the container body 6 while the disk portion 15 is rotatably supported, and the rotary shaft 16. A driven pulley 17 attached to the lower end of the motor is attached.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 6, the rotary blade 8 is formed into a substantially thick rectangular plate as a whole, and is provided with three bolt holes 8A (see FIG. 2), and two bolts 18A and 18B. It is firmly fixed to the disk portion 15. As a result, each rotary blade 8 is aligned with the fixed blade 7. Specifically, when each rotary blade 8 is positioned immediately below the fixed blade 7 by rotation, the tip end (the radially outer end of the disk portion 15) is aligned with the fixed blade 7. It is fixed to the part 15. The upper surface of each rotary blade 8 (the surface on the fixed blade 7 side) is formed into a flat surface. Blade portions 8B (see FIG. 6) are formed on both sides of the distal end portion and the base end portion of each rotary blade 8 (four locations near each corner of the rectangular plate-shaped rotary blade 8). The four blade portions 8B cooperate with the blade portion 7A of the fixed blade 7 to cut the object to be crushed. All four blade portions 8B of the rotary blade 8 are used for cutting by changing the rotary blade 8. Specifically, by rotating the rotary blade 8 180 degrees at the same position and attaching it, or by replacing the two rotary blades 8, the four blade portions 8B can be used for cutting, respectively. Yes.

  A gap of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm is provided between the blade portion 8B of the rotary blade 8 and the blade portion 7A of the fixed blade 7. This gap may be set to 0.5 or less and 1.0 or more depending on the type of the object to be crushed. This gap is for cutting, sorting and pulverizing the object to be crushed. That is, it is a gap for cutting the object to be crushed so as to be torn with the respective blade portions 7A, 8B having the above-mentioned gaps, and taking the small object to be pulverized into the pulverized space 13 and pulverizing them. . As described above, the material to be crushed that has flowed into the pulverization space 13 from the gaps between the blade portions 7A and 8B spreads in the wide intermediate portion 13C and is collected by the narrow outlet 13B and ground between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. By repeating this process, the powder is gradually pulverized into a fine powder. In addition, the clearance dimension of each blade part 7A, 8B is suitably set according to the material actually grind | pulverized.

  Further, a stirring plate 20 (see FIG. 1) is provided on the lower surface of the disk portion 15, and as the rotary blade 8 rotates, the finely cut object to be crushed is stirred in the container body 6, and more The object to be crushed is introduced in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. This is to enable efficient cutting and grinding of the object to be crushed.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a single letter-shaped mounting groove 15 </ b> A is provided on the upper side surface of the disk portion 15. Two rotary blades 8 are attached to the attachment groove 15A. The mounting groove 15A has two screw holes 15B on both sides, and the two rotary blades 8 are fixed by two fixing bolts 18A and 18B, respectively. The rotary blade 8 is attached with a material and a shape corresponding to differences in materials to be crushed, processing ability, and the like. A skirt portion 21 and a semicircular cutout 22 are provided on the periphery of the disk portion 15. The notch 22 is an opening through which the object to be crushed collected at the bottom of the container body 6 is stirred by the stirring plate 20 and pushed to the upper side of the disk portion 15 to be carried to the positions of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8.

  Further, the disk portion 15 is provided with a through hole 15C. The through hole 15 </ b> C is a hole for allowing the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the disk portion 15 to communicate with each other and dropping a fine object to be crushed to the lower side of the disk portion 15. Four through holes 15 </ b> C are provided in the disk portion 15. The size and number of the through holes 15C are appropriately set according to the type of the object to be crushed. Since the through hole 15C rotates with the rotation of the disk portion 15, a large amount of the object to be pulverized passes through, and a large object to be pulverized does not pass much. For this reason, the large object to be crushed remains in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, and the smaller object to be crushed moves from the through hole 15 </ b> C to the lower side of the disk portion 15. Thereby, while the whole object to be crushed is being finely pulverized, the relatively fine object to be crushed falls downward from the through hole 15C, and the relatively large object to be crushed is in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. It remains and is pulverized, and is further stirred by the stirring plate 20 and the notch 22 so that the entire object to be crushed is finely pulverized stepwise.

  The skirt portion 21 is formed to hang down from the peripheral edge of the disk portion 15 in a conical shape spreading downward. A small gap is set between the lower end of the skirt portion 21 and the bottom plate surface of the container body 6. This gap is set to such an extent that a large object to be crushed cannot enter, and the large object to be crushed does not fall on the bottom of the container body 6 but stays at the position of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating shaft 16 extends downward from the lower portion of the container body 6 with the disk portion 15 supported at the upper end thereof. A portion extending downward from the container body 6 is rotatably supported by a bearing 26 on a cylindrical support portion 25 provided on the base plate 4 side. The driven pulley 17 is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 16. The driven pulley 17 is stretched around a drive pulley 39 of a drive motor 38 by a belt 27.

  The exhaust device (not shown) is for removing steam, dust and the like filled in the container body 6. The exhaust device includes an exhaust pipe 28 connected to an upper portion of the container body 6 and a suction pump (not shown) that sucks air in the container body 6 through the exhaust pipe 28. . The suction pump is controlled by a control panel (not shown) described later.

  The cooling water supply device (not shown) is a device for supplying cooling water when the temperature of the object to be crushed in the container body 6 rises abnormally. The cooling water supply device includes a water supply pipe (not shown) connected to the upper portion of the container body 6 and a water supply pump (not shown) for supplying cooling water to the water supply pipe. The temperature sensor (not shown) is for measuring the temperature of the object to be crushed in the container body 6. A temperature sensor is provided with a cooling water supply apparatus, and monitors that the temperature of the to-be-ground material in the container main body 6 rises abnormally.

  The discharge device 9 is a device that is provided outside the discharge port 11 of the container body 6 and guides and discharges the object to be crushed in the container body 6 to the outside. The discharge device 9 includes a discharge duct 31 that is attached to the discharge port 11 and guides the object to be crushed discharged from the discharge port 11 downward, and an opening / closing device 32 that opens and closes the discharge port 11. The discharge duct 31 includes an oblique pipe portion 33 connected to the discharge port 11, and a vertical pipe portion 34 that is attached to the lower side of the oblique pipe portion 33 and drops the pulverized material flowing into the oblique pipe portion 33 downward. It is configured. The opening / closing device 32 includes a lid body 35 that reciprocates in the oblique pipe portion 33 to open and close the discharge port 11, a drive cylinder 36 that supports the lid body 35 and reciprocates to open and close the lid body 35, and It is composed of The drive cylinder 36 is driven by air pressure, an electromagnetic solenoid or the like.

  The drive unit 3 includes a drive motor 38 fixed to the base plate 4 side and a drive pulley 39 attached to the drive motor 38. The drive pulley 39 is connected to the driven pulley 17 of the rotary blade 8 by a belt 27.

  The control panel (not shown) is a control unit for controlling the crushing unit 2 and the drive unit 3. The control panel is provided in the vicinity of the crushing unit 2 and the driving unit 3. Specifically, the control panel is connected to the drive motor 38 of the drive unit 3, the temperature sensor, the water supply pump of the cooling water supply device, and the drive cylinder 36 of the discharge device 9 to control the whole. Yes.

[Crushing method]
Next, a crushing method using the crushing apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described.

  The operator throws the object to be crushed into the container body 6 from the feeding hopper 10 and presses the start switch on the control panel. Thereby, the crushing apparatus 1 starts.

  First, in the cutting step, the drive motor 38 of the drive unit 3 is driven, and the rotary blade 8 is rotationally driven via the belt 27. As a result, the object to be crushed in the container body 6 is stirred by the rotary blade 8 and cut between the blade portion 8B of the rotary blade 8 and the blade portion 7A of the fixed blade 7. By this stirring and cutting, the material to be crushed is gradually broken up.

  In the sorting step, a small object to be pulverized and a large object to be pulverized are sorted in a gap slightly opened between the blade part 7A of the fixed blade 7 and the blade part 8B of the rotary blade 8. A large object to be crushed is cut by the blade part 7A of the fixed blade 7 and the blade part 8B of the rotary blade 8, and a large object to be crushed is a vertical curved recess (7C in FIG. 6) of the fixed blade 7. ) And is returned to the vicinity of the blade portion 7A and the blade portion 8B again.

  At the same time, in the pulverization step, the object to be crushed that has been shredded and reduced flows into the pulverization space 13 from between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. As shown in FIG. 6, the material to be crushed that has flowed into the pulverization space 13 flows into the pulverization space 13 from the inlet 13A of the pulverization space 13, spreads in the wide intermediate portion 13C, decreases in the inflow speed, and accumulates to some extent. This accumulated pulverized material concentrates on the narrow outlet 13B as it is and becomes clogged. Since the rotary blade 8 is rotating, the material to be crushed in the outlet 13 </ b> B is crushed between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. A series of operations in this pulverization process are performed in a very short time and are performed continuously.

  These three processes, that is, the cutting process, the sorting process, and the pulverizing process are performed simultaneously and continuously. As a result, the large object to be pulverized is cut into small pieces, and the reduced object to be pulverized is sorted into the large object to be pulverized and flows into the pulverizing space 13, and is crushed and pulverized in the pulverizing space 13.

  The pulverized object to be crushed falls from the through hole 15 </ b> C of the disk portion 15 to the bottom of the container body 6. At this time, since the disk portion 15 is rotating, the through-hole 15C passes the object to be crushed and reduced in size, but does not pass the large object to be pulverized so much. For this reason, the large object to be crushed stays in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8 on the upper side of the disk part 15, and the smaller object to be crushed moves from the through hole 15 </ b> C to the lower side of the disk part 15.

  As a result, many large objects to be pulverized accumulate in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, and the large objects to be pulverized are intensively pulverized.

  In addition, the pulverized material collected at the bottom of the container body 6 is stirred by the stirring plate 20 and pushed from the notch 22 to the upper side of the disk portion 15, and the blade portion 7 A of the fixed blade 7 and the blade portion of the rotary blade 8. Returning to the vicinity of 8B, the cutting step, the sorting step, and the crushing step are repeated. If necessary in this step, when the object to be crushed becomes abnormally hot due to the detection of the temperature sensor, the cooling water supply means is operated for safety to cool the object to be crushed.

  By continuing these three steps and stirring above and below the disk portion 15 for a while, the entire object to be pulverized is finely pulverized stepwise and becomes powdery.

  When the whole object to be pulverized becomes powdery, the driving unit 3 is stopped and the discharge device 9 is operated. As a result, the drive cylinder 36 opens the lid 35 and discharges the powder-like material to be crushed from the opened discharge port 11. The material to be crushed discharged from the discharge port 11 is guided downward by the discharge duct 31 and transferred to a container or the like placed immediately below the discharge duct 31.

  When the crushing apparatus 1 is operated to some extent, the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8 are worn out, and thus need to be replaced. At this time, since the fixed blade 7 has the blade portions 7A at the four corners, the fixed blade 7 is rotated by 90 degrees and attached, and the new blade portion 7A is used for cutting work. Thereby, one fixed blade 7 corresponds to four new blade replacements. The rotary blade 8 is rotated by 180 degrees at the same position and attached, or the two rotary blades 8 are replaced to correspond to four new blade replacements.

  As described above, the object to be crushed is torn finely between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, and the small object to be crushed and the large object to be pulverized are separated between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8. Since the pulverized material is cut again and the small pulverized material is ground and pulverized in the pulverization space 13 between the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, until the pulverized material such as lawn, weeds, and wood chips becomes a fine powder. Can be crushed. In particular, by pulverizing lawn, weeds, wood chips and the like into powder, cellulose contained in a large amount of those plants can be easily taken out.

  The fine object to be crushed is dropped to the lower side of the disk part 15 through the through-hole 15C of the disk part 15, and the large object to be crushed remains in the vicinity of the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, and the large object to be crushed. Is intensively pulverized by the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8, so that the entire object to be pulverized can be finely pulverized stepwise and efficiently.

  Further, the rotary blade 8 is provided with four blade portions 8B, the blade portions 7A are provided at the four corners of the fixed blade 7, and the curved concave portions 7B are provided on the four surfaces, respectively. The running cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, the crushing apparatus 1 is small and light, and handling and installation are facilitated.

  In the above-described embodiment, the fixed blade 7 has a substantially quadrangular shape, and the blade portion 7A is provided at four corners and the curved concave portion 7B is provided on the surface of the four. You may make it the structure which provides a corner | angular blade part and a curved recessed part in the 4th surface. Both the fixed blade 7 and the rotary blade 8 may be formed in a quadrangular shape, and blade portions may be provided at four corners, and curved concave portions may be provided on the four surfaces.

  Also in this case, the same operations and effects as described above can be achieved.

  The present invention can be applied to all crushing apparatuses provided with a fixed blade and a rotary blade.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Crushing apparatus, 2: Crushing part, 3: Drive part, 4: Base board, 6: Container main body, 7: Fixed blade, 7A: Blade part, 7B: Curved recessed part, 7D: Support | pillar part, 7E: Fixed Flange portion, 8: rotary blade, 8A: bolt hole, 8B: blade portion, 9: discharge device, 10: charging hopper, 11: discharge port, 13: grinding space, 13A: inlet, 13B: outlet, 13C: intermediate portion 15: disk part, 15A: mounting groove, 15B: screw hole, 16: rotating shaft, 17: driven pulley, 18A, 18B: bolt, 20: stirring plate, 21: skirt part, 22: notch, 25: cylinder 26: Bearing, 27: Belt, 28: Exhaust pipe, 31: Exhaust duct, 32: Opening and closing device, 33: Oblique pipe section, 34: Vertical pipe section, 35: Cover body, 36: Drive cylinder, 38 : Drive motor, 39: Drive pulley.

Claims (4)

A cutting process in which the object to be crushed in the container body is finely broken between the fixed blade and the rotary blade;
A sorting step of separating a small object to be pulverized and a large object to be pulverized in a gap slightly spaced between the fixed blade and the rotary blade;
A crushing step of crushing and pulverizing a small object to be crushed between the fixed blade and the rotary blade between the fixed blade and the rotary blade,
Crushing method characterized by performing these simultaneously. In the crushing device that pulverizes the material to be crushed into small pieces,
A fixed blade attached in the container body into which the material to be crushed is charged;
In the container main body, rotating while maintaining a slight gap with the fixed blade, cutting the object to be crushed with the fixed blade, and small and large objects to be crushed with the gap And a rotary blade that cuts a large object to be crushed and grinds and grinds a small object to be pulverized between the fixed blades,
A crushing device, wherein either one or both of the fixed blade and the rotary blade is provided with a curved concave portion that forms a curved grinding space in a state of being combined with each other. The crushing device according to claim 2,
Either one or both of the fixed blade and the rotary blade have a substantially square cross-sectional shape, each provided with a blade portion at each of its four corners, and each provided with the above-described curved concave portion on each of its four surfaces. A characteristic crushing device. The crushing device according to claim 2 or 3,
A disk part that supports and rotates the rotary blade, and communicates the upper and lower surfaces of the disk part with one or more through-holes that allow fine objects to be dropped to the lower side of the disk part; A crushing apparatus characterized by comprising a plurality.

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