JP2012045135A - Polygonal table, and method of manufacturing top plate of the polygonal table - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polygonal table in which even if the top plate is mode of a pure natural material, gaps are prevented from occurring at joints between top plate component plates due to the warpage of the top plate component plates over time, and also the ends of the joints are prevented from separating from each other.SOLUTION: The polygonal table 1 includes the top plate 3 having a polygonal space 11 formed in the center, and formed of a plurality of top plate component plates 4 made of a pure natural material of an isosceles trapezoid shape in a plan view and annularly connected with each other in a planar direction. The top plate 3 has connection sides 43 composing non-parallel opposite sides of the top plate component plates 4, and the connection side is formed in a gentle arc shape whose substantially center part is recessed. The adjacent connection sides 43, 43 of the top plate component plates 4 are joined substantially at the center by connection shafts (bolts 5).

Description

  The present invention relates to a polygonal table in which a plurality of top plate constituting plates having an isosceles trapezoidal shape in plan view are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction, and a polygonal space is formed in the center, and a method for producing the top plate of the polygonal table About.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a wooden table having a polygonal shape such as an octagon and having a top plate in which a space capable of accommodating a heating device or the like is formed at the center, and the overall texture is folk art. The top plate of such a wooden table is usually constructed by connecting a plurality of top plate components that are trapezoidal in the shape of a plan view in the plane direction. In many cases, a so-called “trigger” connecting piece of wood is embedded from the top plate surface side to connect the top plate constituting plates (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The connecting piece of wood that appears on the surface of the top plate itself is a pattern for creating a folk art texture, so it is indispensable for this type of table top plate, but the more sturdy the top plate, the more The connection strength is weakened only by the connection piece. Therefore, the connecting wood pieces are often used as auxiliary connecting means, and as a main connecting means, for example, a method of firmly connecting with connecting shafts such as bolts.

JP 2000-014454 A

  However, even if connected with bolts, for example, when the top plate is a solid material, the top plate constituting plate may warp over time, the gap between the top plate constituting plates may be generated, or the tip of the joint may be Sometimes it opened. In this case, the value as a durable goods is impaired.

  In addition, laminated wood may be used when a sufficient amount of solid wood cannot be secured so that the production amount of the polygonal table can be kept constant. It is not desirable from the aspect of effect.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a polygon table and a method for manufacturing the top plate of the polygon table that can solve the above-described problems.

  (1) In the present invention, a polygon having a top plate in which a plurality of top plate components made of a solid material having an isosceles trapezoidal shape in plan view are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction and a polygonal space is formed in the center. The top plate is formed in a gently arcuate shape in which connecting sides that constitute opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate that are not parallel to each other are recessed in a substantially center, The substantially central positions of the adjacent connection sides are connected by a connecting shaft body.

  (2) The present invention provides the polygonal table of (1), wherein a concave portion that is substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate is formed on the back surface of the top plate constituting plate, and the top plate constituting plate in the concave portion A top plate warpage preventing plate that also serves as a washer for the connecting shaft body is disposed so as to abut against a side wall surface corresponding to the connection side.

  (3) The present invention is characterized in that, in the polygon table of the above (2), the top plate warpage preventing plate is formed in a substantially L shape in a sectional view.

  (4) In the polygonal table according to any one of (1) to (3), the present invention connects the top plate constituent plates to each other at a position on the surface side of the top plate and sandwiches the connecting shaft body. It is characterized by burying a gourd-shaped piece of connecting wood that assists the board so as to straddle the top plate components.

  (5) In the present invention, in the above, the top plate manufacturing of a polygonal table in which a plurality of top plate constituting plates having an isosceles trapezoidal shape in plan view are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction and a polygonal space is formed in the center. In the method, when the top plate constituting plate is a solid material, the connection sides constituting opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate that are not parallel to each other are formed in a gentle arc shape having a substantially recessed center, A washer of the connecting shaft body is formed on the back surface of the plate constituting plate so as to form a concave portion substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate and to come into contact with a side wall surface corresponding to the connection side of the top plate constituting plate in the concave portion. A top plate warpage preventing plate serving also as a tie plate, and connecting the substantially central positions of the adjacent connecting sides of the top plate constituting plate with a connecting shaft body, while the top plate constituting plate has a multilayer structure In this case, the adjacent top plate constituting plates are not parallel to each other. The sides each other, and as concatenating a plurality of connecting shaft at predetermined intervals.

  (6) In the method for manufacturing a polygonal table top plate according to (5), the present invention assists in connecting the top plate constituting plates at a position on the surface side of the top plate and sandwiching the connecting shaft body. A connecting gourd-shaped piece of wood is embedded so as to straddle the top plate components.

  According to the present invention, in the top plate formed by connecting a plurality of top plate constituent plates made of solid materials in a ring shape in the plane direction, there is a gap in the joint portion between the top plate constituent plates, or the tip portion of the seam is It is possible to prevent the product from being opened, and it is possible to maintain the commercial value for a long time. In addition, by changing the manufacturing method between the case where a solid board is used and the case where a laminated board is used for a top board, it is possible to stably supply products that are cost-effective regardless of the amount of raw materials.

It is a perspective view of the table concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the table. It is a bottom view of the table. It is typical explanatory drawing which shows the connection structure of a top-plate structure board. It is explanatory drawing of a cover board. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the top-plate curvature prevention board used for the table which concerns on other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing by sectional view which shows the modification of the connection structure of a top-plate structure board. It is explanatory drawing which shows the connection structure of the top-plate structure board of the table using a laminated material. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a polygon table according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a polygonal table 1 according to the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “table”) has an octagonal top plate 3.

  The table 1 has an octagonal top plate 3 mounted on a leg 2 as a base, and a heating device (not shown), for example, can be accommodated in the center of the top plate 3. A space 11 is formed. In addition, although the leg 2 in this embodiment is set as the structure which attached eight legs to the octagonal trunk | drum, the shape may be changed suitably.

  The table 1 according to the present embodiment is a wooden product using cherry wood, and the surface is given a sepia-based urethane coating or polyurethane coating to create a texture like an elegant folk craft.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the octagonal top plate 3, which is a design feature of the table 1 according to the present embodiment, has a top plate constituting plate 4 having an isosceles trapezoidal shape in plan view. It is configured to be connected in a ring shape.

  The top plate constituting plate 4 is made of a single solid material made of cherry wood, and has a short side 41 and a long side 42 that are parallel to each other, and a set of connection sides 43 that are the same length and non-parallel to each other. , 43, with the short side 41 on the inside and the long side 42 on the outside, the eight top plate constituting plates 4 are connected to each other by connecting the connecting sides 43, 43 to each other. A top plate 3 having an octagonal outer shape with a square space 11 formed in the center is formed.

  That is, the connection sides 43 and 43 that form opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate 4 that are not parallel to each other form a connection portion between adjacent top plate constituting plates 4, and the connection sides 43 are connected to each other. Are connected to each other, and a substantially center position between these connection sides 43 and 43 is connected by a bolt 5 which is a connecting shaft body to constitute the top plate 3.

  As described above, the top plate constituting plate 4 constituting the top plate 3 is formed of a single solid material made of cherry wood, and thus may be warped over time.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the connection side 43 serving as a connection portion between the adjacent top plate constituent plates 4 is formed in a gentle arc shape with its substantially center recessed, and the adjacent top plate In the plate constituent plates 4, the substantially center of the opposing connection sides 43, 43 formed in an arc shape is firmly connected by a bolt 5 and a nut 51.

  Further, a mortise 46 is formed in the end surface of the top plate constituting plate 4 forming the connection side 43, and a joint structure in which the joint piece 13 is fitted in the mortise 46 is provided.

  With such a configuration, the adjacent top plate constituting plates 4 are more firmly adhered to each other between the both ends of the connection side 43, and even when the top plate constituting plate 4 is warped, the connection side 43 depends on each other. There is no gap at the joint, and in particular, there is no opening between both ends of the connection sides 43, 43, and high quality can be maintained over a long period of time.

  In FIG. 4, for ease of understanding, the joint piece 13 is omitted, and the degree of bending of the connection side 43 is greatly expressed. However, the actual degree of bending is a dent of about 1 mm at the deepest part. It has an arc shape.

  Here, the connection structure of the top plate constituting plates 4 according to the present embodiment will be described more specifically. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the adjacent top plate constituting plates 4 butt the connection sides 43, 43 formed in an arc shape, and a joint structure in which a joint piece 13 is interposed therebetween, As shown in FIG. 3, the bolt 5 described above and a connecting piece 14 called “trigger” provided on the front surface side of the top plate constituting plate 4 are used.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, a recess 44 having a predetermined depth is provided on each back surface of the top plate constituting plate 4 in order to fit the bolt 5 between the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4. The recess 44 is substantially similar to the outer shape of the top plate constituting plate 4, and the bolt insertion hole 15 is formed in the recess 44 in the side wall surfaces 45, 45 corresponding to the connection sides 43, 43. The top plate warpage preventing plate 6 provided with the bolt hole 61 corresponding to the bolt insertion hole 15 is disposed so as to contact the side wall surface 45 and is also used as a washer for the bolt 5.

  In addition, although the recessed part 44 contributes also to weight reduction of the top plate 3, it obstruct | occludes with the cover board 12 shown in FIG. 5, and conceals the internal metal volt | bolt 5, the top plate curvature prevention board 6, etc., It prevents the appearance from being spoiled. As shown in FIG. 6, an engagement step 44 a is formed on the upper inner peripheral surface of the recess 44, and the engagement step 44 a is engaged with the fitting portion 12 a formed on one side surface of the cover plate 12. Thus, the recess 44 can be closed by the cover plate 12.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a metal angle member having a substantially L-shaped cross-section is used as the top plate warpage prevention plate 6, and it has sufficient strength even if it is relatively thin. And the curvature of the top plate 3 (top plate component plate 4) can be prevented effectively. That is, the top plate warpage prevention plate 6 comes into contact with the surface in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the connection side 43, and thus the warpage can be prevented more reliably. However, the top plate warpage preventing plate 6 does not necessarily have an L shape, and a flat plate can be used as shown in FIG. In that case, the thickness may be relatively increased as compared with the L-shaped one.

  The procedure for actually connecting the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 is as follows. First, the fitting piece 13 is fitted into one of the left and right connection sides 43, 43 of the top plate constituting plate 4 and the top plate warpage preventing plate 6 is disposed in the bolt insertion hole 15. The bolt 5 is fitted.

  Next, one end of the bolt 5 already fitted in the bolt insertion hole 15 of the other top plate constituting plate 4 is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 15 of the top plate constituting plate 4 to be connected, and the other end is recessed. The top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 are brought into contact with each other through the joint piece 13.

  In this manner, the nuts 51 are screwed into the opposite ends of the bolt 5 and tightened in the recess 44, and tightened until the deepest portion of the arcuate portion of the connection side 43 is firmly attached.

  In addition, a coupling piece 14 is fitted into a pre-formed hook fitting hole on the surface side of each top plate constituting plate 4 to reinforce the joining between the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4, and folk art tone. The pattern of the surface of the table 1 is made. One engagement fitting hole is formed inside (on the octagonal space 11 side) and outside of each top plate constituting plate 4.

  That is, the gourd-shaped connecting wood piece 14 that can assist the connection of the top plate constituting plates 4, 4 at the position on the front surface side of the top plate 3 and sandwiching the bolt 5 is used as the top plate constituting plates 4, 4. It is buried so as to straddle each other. By repeating this operation, an octagonal top plate 3 in which the top plate constituting plates 4 are connected in a ring shape is formed.

  As described above, the connecting wood piece 14 according to the present embodiment has a gourd shape, and thus has an appearance and softness in appearance without impairing the connecting function.

  By the way, in the example mentioned above, it was set as the structure which used the joint piece 13 as a joint structure for the connection of the top-plate constituent plates 4 and 4, However, As shown in FIG. Absent.

  The example which has been described above is a case where the table 1, particularly the top plate 3 is manufactured from a solid material, but the top plate 3 can also be manufactured using a laminated material. Here, the laminated material has, for example, a three-layer structure, and uses a cherry material for the front surface or the front surface and the back surface, and at least a central portion uses a core material made of another material.

  If laminated wood is used, even if solid wood with a predetermined thickness for use as a top board 3 (top board component board 4) cannot be taken from cherry wood, it will not hinder the manufacture of the top board 3 The table 1 can be produced stably. Moreover, since there is little curvature compared with a solid material, the connection structure of the top-plate constituent plates 4 and 4 can be made into a simple structure.

  FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the connection structure of the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 when the laminated material is used. 9 represents the back surface side of the top plate constituting plate 4, and in FIG. 10, the back surface side of the top plate constituting plate 4 is located on the upper side. In FIGS. 9 and 10 and the following description, the same components as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the case of this example, it is not necessary to configure the opposite sides of the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 that are adjacent to each other, and to form the end face of the top plate constituting plate 4 that becomes the connection side 43 in an arc shape. Further, the top plate warpage preventing plate 6 is also omitted. Instead, as shown in the figure, the connection sides 43 and 43 are connected by two bolts 5 and 5 at a predetermined interval. Here, the bolts 5 and 5 are arranged near the position of the connecting piece 14 arranged on the surface side of the top plate 3.

  As shown in FIG. 9, a total of four circular holes 7, 7, 7, 7 are formed on the left and right sides of the top plate constituting plate 4, respectively. The circular hole 7 is for inserting a tool or the like to connect the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 with the bolt 5, and does not need a large area like the concave portion 44 in the top plate 3 using a solid material. It is sufficient that the bolt 5 has a minimum size so that the fastening operation of the bolt 5 can be performed from the outside.

  In this circular hole 7, there is provided a half-moon-shaped piece 71 made of wood or metal which has a hole corresponding to the bolt insertion hole 15 and also serves as a washer for the bolt 5.

  Further, at least one of the eight top plate constituting plates 4 is formed with a bolt housing portion 72 continuously in one set of circular holes 7 on one side as shown in the figure. In other words, the top plate constituting plate 4 is connected in a ring shape, but when the last top plate constituting plate 4 is connected, the full length is accommodated in advance so that the bolt 5 does not protrude from the connection side 43 and get in the way. Keep it.

  And as shown in FIG. 10, the circular hole 7 is obstruct | occluded with the cover body 73, and also the internal volt | bolt 5 etc. are not exposed.

  As a method of manufacturing the top plate 3 made of the laminated material having such a configuration, first, the bolts 5 are respectively fitted into the two sets of bolt insertion holes 15 of the top plate constituting plate 4 provided with the bolt housing portions 72. . At this time, as described above, the bolt 5 is accommodated in the bolt accommodating portion 72. The top plate constituting plate 4 is inserted in the state where the bolts 5 and 5 protruding from the connection side 43 on the opposite side of the bolt housing portion 72 are inserted into the bolt insertion holes 15 and 15 of the top plate constituting plate 4 to be connected. , 4 are brought into contact with each other.

  In this manner, the nut 51 is screwed into the bolt 5 and tightened in the circular hole 7, and tightened until the deepest portion of the arc-shaped portion of the connection side 43 is firmly adhered.

  Then, this work is repeated, and the circular hole 7 is closed with the lid 73, and the connecting wooden piece 14 is fitted into a pre-formed engagement fitting hole on the surface side of each top plate constituting plate 4. (FIG. 10).

  In FIG. 9, what is indicated by reference numeral 8 is a ridge frame provided on the top plate 3, and an inner portion of the ridge frame 8 is placed on the upper end of the leg 2.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the method for manufacturing the top plate of the polygonal table 1 is different between the case of the solid material and the laminated material.

  That is, when the top plate constituting plate 4 is a solid material, the connecting sides 43 and 43 constituting the opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate 4 are formed in a gentle arc shape with its substantially center recessed, A concave portion 44 that is substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate 4 is formed on the back surface of the plate constituting plate 4 so as to abut on the side wall surface 45 corresponding to the connection side 43 of the top plate constituting plate 4 in the concave portion 44. A top plate warpage prevention plate 6 that also serves as a bolt washer is disposed to connect the adjacent connection sides 43 and 43 of the top plate constituting plate 4 at substantially the center position with the bolts 5, while the top plate constituting plate 4 has a multilayer structure. In the case of a laminated material having a structure, the connection sides 43 and 43 constituting the opposite sides of the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 adjacent to each other are connected to each other with a plurality of bolts 5 and 5 at a predetermined interval. I am doing so.

  By adopting such a manufacturing method, it is possible to provide a stable supply of products by manufacturing the top board 3 with solid wood if the amount of raw materials such as cherry blossoms is sufficient, or when it seems to be insufficient. It becomes. And selection of the table 1 using the top plate 3 made of either solid wood or laminated wood is left to the preference of the consumer. That is, it becomes possible to respond to consumer preferences without impairing cost effectiveness.

  From the embodiment described above, the table 1 and the top plate manufacturing method of the polygonal table 1 that achieve the following effects are realized.

  A plurality of (for example, eight) top plate constituting plates 4 made of a solid material having a trapezoidal shape, such as a planar view, are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction, and a polygonal (for example, octagonal) space 11 is formed at the center. The top plate 3 is provided with a connecting side 43 that forms opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate 4 that are not parallel to each other. The top plate 3 is formed in a gentle arc shape with its substantially center recessed. A polygonal (for example, octagonal) table 1 configured by connecting substantially the center positions of four adjacent connection sides 43, 43 with bolts 5 (connection shafts). With such a configuration, even if the top plate 3 is formed by connecting a plurality of top plate components 4 made of a solid material that is easily warped in a ring shape in the plane direction, the top plate component plates 4, 4 are connected to each other at the joint portion. It is possible to prevent a gap from being generated or the tip of the joint from opening, and the product value as a table can be maintained over a long period of time.

  In the above configuration, a concave portion 44 that is substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate 4 is formed on the back surface of the top plate constituting plate 4, and the side wall surface 45 corresponding to the connection side 43 of the top plate constituting plate 4 in the concave portion 44 is formed. A polygonal table 1 provided with a top plate warpage prevention plate 6 that also serves as a washer for a bolt 5 (connection shaft) so as to abut. With this configuration, it is possible to more reliably prevent warping of the top plate 3 while reducing the weight of the top plate 3.

  The polygonal table 1 which formed the top plate curvature prevention board 6 in the said structure in the cross sectional view substantially L-shape. With this configuration, it is possible to more reliably prevent warpage.

  In the above configuration, the gourd-shaped connecting wood piece 14 for assisting the connection between the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 at the position on the surface side of the top plate 3 and sandwiching the bolt 5 (connecting shaft body). A polygonal table 1 embedded so as to straddle the plates 4 and 4. With this configuration, it is possible to more reliably prevent the top plate 3 from warping, and it is possible to bring out a design beauty and softness in appearance.

  A plurality of (for example, eight) top plate constituting plates 4 having a trapezoidal shape such as a plan view are connected in a ring shape, and a polygon (for example, an octagonal) space 11 is formed at the center (for example, a polygon) , Octagonal) In the method of manufacturing the top plate of the table 1, when the top plate constituting plate 4 is a solid material, the connecting side 43 constituting the opposite side of the top plate constituting plate 4 is recessed in the substantially center. In addition, the concave portion 44 having a shape similar to the top plate constituting plate 4 is formed on the back surface of the top plate constituting plate 4, and the connection side 43 of the top plate constituting plate 4 in the concave portion 44 is formed. A top plate warpage prevention plate 6 that also serves as a washer for the bolt 5 (connection shaft body) is arranged so as to abut against the corresponding side wall surface 45, and the connection sides 43, 43 adjacent to each other on the top plate constituting plate 4 are substantially omitted. The central position is connected by bolts 5 (connection shafts), while the top plate constituting plate 4 is a multi-layer structure. In the case of a material, a plurality of (for example, two) bolts 5 and 5 (connections) are formed with a predetermined interval between connecting sides 43 and 43 that constitute opposite sides of the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 that are adjacent to each other. A top plate manufacturing method connected by a shaft body. According to such a method, it is possible to understand the use of solid wood or laminated wood according to the amount of raw materials, and it is possible to stably supply products that are cost-effective while responding to consumer preferences. Become.

  In the method for manufacturing the top plate of the table 1, a gourd-shaped connection for assisting the connection between the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4 on the surface side of the top plate 3 and sandwiching the bolt 5 (connection shaft). A top plate manufacturing method in which the wooden piece 14 is embedded so as to straddle the top plate constituting plates 4 and 4. According to this method, it is possible to more reliably prevent the top plate 3 from warping, and it is possible to bring out a design beauty and softness in appearance.

  The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea. For example, the top plate 3 does not necessarily have an octagonal shape, and the shape of the leg 2 can be changed as appropriate. In addition, the space 11 formed in the center of the top plate 3 can be used not only for housing a heating device but also for various purposes.

1 Polygon table 3 Top plate 4 Top plate component plate 5 Bolt (connecting shaft)
6 Top plate warpage prevention plate 11 Space 14 Wood piece for connection 43 Connection side 44 Concave portion 45 Side wall surface

Claims (6)

A polygonal table provided with a top plate in which a plurality of top plate components made of a solid material having a trapezoidal shape such as a plan view are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction, and a polygonal space is formed in the center,
The top plate is
The connection sides constituting opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate that are not parallel to each other are formed in a gentle arc shape with a substantially center recessed portion, and the approximate center positions of the connection sides adjacent to each other on the top plate constituting plate. A polygonal table characterized by being connected by a connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is formed so that a concave portion substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate is formed on the back surface of the top plate constituting plate, and is in contact with a side wall surface corresponding to the connection side of the top plate constituting plate in the concave portion. 2. The polygonal table according to claim 1, further comprising a top plate warpage prevention plate serving also as a body washer.   The polygonal table according to claim 2, wherein the top plate warpage preventing plate is formed in a substantially L shape in sectional view. A gourd-shaped connecting wood piece that assists the connection between the top plate constituting plates is embedded on the surface side of the top plate and across the connecting shaft body so as to straddle the top plate constituting plates. The polygonal table according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A top plate manufacturing method for a polygonal table in which a plurality of top plate components in the shape of a trapezoid in a plan view are connected in a ring shape in the plane direction, and a polygonal space is formed in the center,
When the top plate is a solid material,
A connecting side that forms opposite sides of the top plate constituting plate that are not parallel to each other is formed in a gentle arc shape with its substantially center recessed, and the back surface of the top plate constituting plate is substantially similar to the top plate constituting plate. A top plate warpage prevention plate that also serves as a washer for the connecting shaft body is provided so as to contact the side wall surface corresponding to the connection side of the top plate constituting plate in the recess. While connecting the approximate center position of the connecting sides adjacent to each other with a connecting shaft body,
When the top plate component board is a laminated material having a multilayer structure,
Connecting the connecting sides that constitute opposite sides of the top plate component plates adjacent to each other with a plurality of connecting shafts at a predetermined interval,
A method of manufacturing a top table for a polygonal table. Embedding a gourd-shaped connecting piece of wood that assists the connection of the top plate constituting plates so as to straddle the top plate constituting plates at a position on the surface side of the top plate and sandwiching the connecting shaft body. 6. The method for producing a top plate for a polygonal table according to claim 5, wherein:

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