JP2012044957A - Method for evaluating inactivation of floating virus and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for evaluating inactivation of floating virus, capable of stably floating viruses in a space and evaluating the virus inactivation with high accuracy, and to provide an apparatus thereof.SOLUTION: Virus-containing suspended particles within a particle diameter range capable of stably floating are supplied in an evaluation chamber 1 isolated from an outer space by an isolation wall, and the number of floating viruses in the evaluation chamber 1 are measured and evaluated.

Description

  The present invention relates to a floating virus inactivation evaluation method and an apparatus therefor.

  Due to the epidemic of the new influenza (H1N1), there is an increasing need for home appliances that inactivate or remove viruses such as air purifiers. As a method for inactivating / removing virus, there is a conventionally proposed method for removing virus suspended particles in the air using a filter using HEPA or the like. In this method, minute substances in the air are physically collected and removed from the air. In recent years, various air purification techniques represented by radicals and ions have attracted attention. This technique is a method for eliminating the harmful effects of viruses floating in the air by the action of denaturation and decomposition of radicals and ions generated by an inactivation device.

  In the development of home appliances using such technology, it is possible to perform a design that achieves both the required air purification function and low energy consumption by accurately evaluating the performance of the product. For this reason, the measurement technique of air environment is very important in product development, and establishment of a method for evaluating the inactivation of airborne viruses is indispensable.

  In patent document 1, it proposes using the removal evaluation method and apparatus of microorganisms that it can perform quantitative evaluation of the removal effect test by applying some action to the suspended matter in the closed space effectively. Yes.

  In Patent Document 2, microorganisms are suspended in an evaluation chamber separated from an external space by an isolation wall, and after removing particles for removing the microorganisms, the microorganisms in the evaluation chamber are collected, measured, and removed. An apparatus for evaluating the removal effect by particles has been proposed. In this apparatus, a large number of air supply holes are provided on almost the entire surface of the isolation wall, and air flows into the evaluation chamber from the air supply holes, and this air flow causes the microorganisms in the vicinity of the isolation wall to be blown off to the evaluation chamber side. ing. This prevents microscopic substances from adhering to the isolation wall and stably floats the microorganisms in the evaluation chamber.

In addition, when measuring the number of viruses floating in the evaluation chamber, the floating viruses are collected in a collection solution, and the number of viruses in the virus suspension is determined by 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID ₅₀ ) The measurement method using the method or the plaque method is known.

JP-A-2004-159508 (7th page, 8th page, FIG. 1) WO2008 / 010394A1 (FIG. 2)

  In order to examine the inactivation effect on virus particles in the air, it is necessary to examine the inactivation effect of the floating virus in a relatively long time. Therefore, it is necessary to stably float the virus in the evaluation chamber for a long time. However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, no consideration is given to the point that the suspended substance to be evaluated is stably suspended in the evaluation chamber.

  In the technique of Patent Document 2, consideration is given to the point that the suspended substance to be evaluated is stably suspended in the evaluation chamber. However, in patent document 2, the method of sending air from the wall surface etc. is employ | adopted as the method. This method is effective when a spore-forming bacterium is used as a suspended substance as in Patent Document 2, but is not effective against a virus that is vulnerable to drying. That is, even if a virus is suspended by this method, it is naturally attenuated and cannot be suspended stably. Therefore, even if the evaluation test is performed in such a virus floating environment, there is a problem that the effect of the virus inactivating device cannot be properly evaluated and the evaluation test cannot be performed with sufficient accuracy.

Moreover, the measurement of the number of viruses by the above 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID ₅₀ ) method or plaque method uses the cytopathic effect (CPE) of infected cells or plaques generated in cultured cells as indicators. For this reason, there are problems that the measurement method and the operation method are complicated, and that the determination method requires a considerable level of proficiency, and further, it takes about one week to about one week before the determination.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of stably floating a virus in an evaluation room and capable of performing virus inactivation evaluation with high accuracy. It is a first object to provide a virus inactivation evaluation method and an apparatus therefor.

  The second object of the present invention is to provide a floating virus inactivation evaluation method and apparatus capable of quickly measuring viruses in the space.

  The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to the present invention supplies virus-containing suspended particles (hereinafter referred to as virus particles) in a particle size range that can stably float in an evaluation chamber separated from the external space by an isolation wall. It measures and evaluates the number of airborne viruses.

  The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to the present invention includes spraying a predetermined virus solution into an evaluation chamber separated from an external space by an isolation wall, so that one virus particle having a predetermined particle size range is provided in the evaluation chamber. Establish a system with one virus against the virus, and measure and evaluate the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the specified particle size range among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber It is.

According to the present invention, since virus-containing suspended particles having a particle diameter range that allows stable suspension are supplied into the evaluation chamber, the virus particles can be stably suspended in the evaluation chamber. Therefore, virus inactivation evaluation can be performed with high accuracy.
Further, according to the present invention, a predetermined virus solution is sprayed to establish a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in a predetermined particle size range in the evaluation chamber, and the predetermined particle size range. Since the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber is measured by measuring the number of virus particles, it is possible to quickly measure the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the residual nutrient salt density | concentration in a virus liquid, and the particle number of particle diameter 0.3-0.5 micrometer at the time of spraying the virus liquid of the density | concentration. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the residual nutrient salt density | concentration in a virus liquid, and the ratio which occupies for the total particle number of the particle diameter of 0.3-0.5 micrometer at the time of spraying the virus liquid of the density | concentration. It is the figure which showed the relationship between residual nutrient concentration and surface tension. It is the figure which showed the relationship between residual nutrient concentration and electrical conductivity. It is the figure which showed the number of floating virus particles at the time of changing spraying height. It is the figure which showed the number of floating virus particles at the time of changing the spraying position from a wall. It is the figure which showed the midget impinger prescribed | regulated by JIS3800K. It is the figure which showed an example of the relationship between a flow rate and floating virus collection amount. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the charge amount of an evaluation room floor surface and a wall surface, and the number of floating virus adhesion. It is a figure which shows the flow of the air in the evaluation chamber at the time of using a wind direction variable stirring method. When the room air with a space volume of 10 m ³ is agitated with a wind direction variable agitation fan at an air flow rate of 7.8 m ³ / min, the particle size at the suspended particle measurement points (7 locations) in the evaluation room during virus spraying is 0. It is the figure which showed an example of the relationship between the flow volume which shows a time-dependent change of the floating particle number of 3-0.5 micrometers, and floating virus collection amount. It is the figure which showed the suspended particle number measurement point in an evaluation chamber. Changes in the number of suspended particles with a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm over time at the suspended particle measurement points (6 locations) in the evaluation room when the virus is sprayed when the room air with a space volume of 10 m ³ is not stirred FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the collection part 4b of FIG. It is the result of having measured the virus number change in the state which does not drive the air harmony device by Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the result of having measured the virus number change in the state which operated the air conditioning apparatus by Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a change result of the number of particles having a diameter of 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm after virus spraying in the evaluation chamber in a state where the air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 is not operated. It is the result of investigating the correlation between the temperature and virus floating amount according to the first embodiment. It is the result of investigating the correlation between the humidity and the amount of virus floating according to the first embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the spraying apparatus 2 of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the spraying apparatus 20A of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the virus collection device 4f of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited to the structure shown in the following figures.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
First, prior to describing the specific configuration of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus, an outline of a test method in the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus will be described.
The floating virus inactivation evaluation device supplies viruses into an evaluation room separated from the external space by an outer wall, and then includes a virus inactivation device (for example, an air conditioner such as an air conditioner or an air purifier). To inactivate the virus by inactivating the virus into the evaluation chamber. Then, the number of viruses in the evaluation room after virus inactivation by the virus inactivation device is measured, and the inactivation ability of the virus by the virus inactivation device is evaluated.

Hereinafter, a virus used in the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment, a configuration for stably floating the virus in the evaluation chamber for a long time, and the like will be described. In the first embodiment, Escherichia coli phage φX174 (ATCC 13706-B1) solution prepared by the following method is used as a stock solution, and a solution diluted 100 times with sterile ultrapure water is used as a virus spray solution. The case where the liquid is sprayed in the evaluation chamber 10 m ³ at a spray flow rate of 0.45 mL / min for 10 minutes will be described. However, the preparation method of Escherichia coli phage and the present spraying method are not limited to this. E. coli phage is a virus that infects only E. coli.

(Method for preparing E. coli phage)
Hereinafter, a method for producing E. coli phage will be described. One colony pre-cultured on a normal agar medium was picked, inoculated into a liquid medium for Escherichia coli, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours. After the culture, it was confirmed that the absorbance of the E. coli liquid medium was 0.1 or more, and the test was performed. To the 50 ml centrifuge tube, add 5 mL of the E. coli liquid medium prepared above (about 10 ⁸ CFU / ml) (CFU: Colony forming unit) and 5 mL of phage (about 10 ⁶ PFU / ml) (PFU: Plaque forming unit) and mix. And left at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. To this solution, 10 ml of a soft NB agar medium at 45 ° C. was added and mixed, layered on the lower layer of the square petri dish prepared on that day, fixed, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours without being inverted. After culturing, the upper layer of the square petri dish was collected into a stomacher bag with a filter using a large rod and pipette and stomached for 2 minutes. This liquid was transferred to another 50 ml centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was further transferred to another 50 ml centrifuge tube.

  After this centrifugation operation was repeated twice, the supernatant was ice-cooled for 30 minutes to precipitate agar, and further centrifuged once to remove the agar. The supernatant obtained after centrifugation through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.22 μm was used for the test as an E. coli phage stock solution. The prepared phage stock solution is stored frozen at −85 ° C. until it is used for testing.

When the virus is sprayed using the Escherichia coli phage stock solution described above, the virus spray solution has a surface tension of 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m), preferably 65 to 69 (× 10 ^−3). It is desirable to use a liquid adjusted to N / m). When sprayed in this manner, the particle diameter of the virus-containing suspended particles (hereinafter referred to as virus particles) is 0.3 to 0.5 μm. Since virus cannot separate and spray only virus particles, the virus is basically sprayed in a state of being suspended in an aqueous solution. Viruses have a very small particle size of several tens of nanometers compared to other microorganisms, so the particle size of virus particles is governed by the water properties that scatter with the virus when sprayed.

(Preferred virus particle diameter for stable suspension)
When the virus is suspended as virus particles, if the particle size is large, it will fall naturally due to its own weight. On the other hand, when the particle size is small, the moisture that wraps the virus decreases, and the virus tends to be inactivated by drying. From the above, the spray particle diameter of the virus particles is desirably 0.3 to 0.5 μm in order to stably float the virus without inactivating it.

(Spray method)
Hereinafter, the spraying method will be described. Viruses should be sprayed with a jet nebulizer with a virus spray that defines the residual nutrient concentration, surface tension, or electrical conductivity, or viscosity. When the E. coli phage stock solution is sprayed, the stock solution is prepared by purifying E. coli phage infected and propagated in an agar medium as described above. Therefore, the nutrient salt which is a medium component inevitably remains in the E. coli phage stock solution. In this report, the remaining medium components are defined as residual nutrients. Specifically, meat extract, peptone, agar, sodium chloride, glucose, yeast extract, glucose, etc., but not only these but also Escherichia coli phage and its host, etc. All the ingredients used in the above are used as residual nutrient salts.

  A nebulizer is a device that sprays liquid. There are two types of liquid spraying methods: the jet method and the ultrasonic method. The former uses a high-speed air flow to produce fine droplets by the principle of spraying, and the latter uses an ultrasonic transducer to drop liquids. And spray it on the wind by a fan. When the particle size distribution of virus particles in the center of the evaluation chamber is compared using both the jet and ultrasonic methods using a 100-fold diluted E. coli phage stock solution as the virus spray solution, Compared to the method, the jet type has a finer particle diameter, can spray 0.3-0.5 μm diameter particles, and has a larger number of particles. For this reason, the virus spray solution is preferably sprayed with a jet nebulizer. The virus spray solution is prepared by culturing the virus in a nutrient salt-containing liquid and then purifying it, as in the method for preparing the E. coli phage stock solution described above.

(Residual nutrient concentration)
In the case of using E. coli phage stock solution, the residual nutrient concentration in the virus spray solution is related to the particle size distribution of suspended solids generated when the solution is sprayed with a jet nebulizer in the evaluation chamber. Along with this, the number of spray particles changed, and the higher the concentration, the greater the number of spray particles for all measured particle sizes. Further, the ratio of the number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm varied with the residual nutrient concentration.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the residual nutrient concentration in the virus solution and the number of particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm when the virus solution having the concentration is sprayed. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the residual nutrient concentration in the virus solution and the ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm to the total number of particles when sprayed with the virus solution of that concentration. It is. When the residual nutrient ratio is 0.001, about 8 × 10 ⁷ pieces / 10 m ³ can be present. Moreover, when it is 0.1 times or more, it is possible to spray 10 ⁹ pieces / 10 m ³ or more. Since the detection limit of the number of particles is 10 ^4/10 m ^3, in order to accurately evaluate the virus removal device performance is desired that 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁷ cells / 10 m ³ or more target particles are present ing.

  Further, in the ratio of the residual nutrient concentration and the total particle number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm, when the virus spray solution is sprayed, the residual nutrient ratio is adjusted to 0.1 or less. When the ratio of the particles having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm to the total number of particles is adjusted to 50% or more and 0.01 to 0.001, it can be about 90%.

From the above, the residual nutrient ratio is 0.1 to 0.001, preferably 0.3 to 0 when the virus spray liquid adjusted to about 0.01 is difficult to settle virus particles. It can be suspended as a particle diameter of 0.5 μm.
The number of spray particles at each particle size is the same as that obtained when an E. coli phage preparation solution containing no E. coli phages is used as a stock solution, regardless of the type of E. coli phage.

(Residual nutrient concentration: set by surface tension)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the residual nutrient concentration of the virus spray solution and the surface tension when the Escherichia coli phage stock solution is used. As shown in FIG. 4, the higher the residual nutrient concentration in the virus spray, the lower the surface tension. This indicates that the residual nutrient salt has a surfactant property, and the residual nutrient salt in the virus spray has a surfactant action. It is considered that the transpiration of water in the particles during spraying was suppressed, and as a result, the number of spray particles increased and the spray particle diameter shifted to the larger one.

When the Escherichia coli phage stock solution prepared by the above method is used, the surface tension of the virus spray solution is 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m), preferably 65 to 69 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). By prescribing, the concentration of residual nutrients can be controlled, and the virus particles generated when the virus spray solution is sprayed can be suspended with a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm that is difficult to settle.

(Residual nutrient concentration: set by electrical conductivity or viscosity)
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the residual nutrient concentration (spray particle size) of the virus spray solution and the electrical conductivity when the Escherichia coli phage stock solution is used. It can be seen that there is a correlation between residual nutrient concentration and electrical conductivity. By spraying a virus spray liquid having an electrical conductivity of 10 to 1000 μs / cm, preferably 100 μs / cm, instead of surface tension, virus spray with controlled particle size distribution of virus particles becomes possible. In addition, by regulating the viscosity of the virus spray solution, it is possible to perform virus spraying in which the particle size distribution of virus particles is controlled by spraying the virus spray solution.

  In addition, as a method of preparing Escherichia coli phage or virus stock solution, when using a method different from the previous method, clarify the relationship between the properties of the virus spray solution and the particle size distribution of the virus particles when sprayed, By regulating the residual nutrient concentration in the virus spray solution by the above method, virus spray with controlled particle size distribution of virus particles becomes possible.

(Counting the number of viruses)
When measuring the number of viruses floating in the evaluation chamber, the floating viruses are collected in a collection solution, and the number of viruses in the virus suspension is determined using the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID ₅₀ ) method or plaque method. It is necessary to measure using These methods use the cytopathic effect (CPE) of infected cells and plaques generated in cultured cells as indicators, so the measurement method and operation method are complicated, and the determination method requires considerable skill. In addition, it takes from one day to about one week until the determination.

The stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 (10 ¹⁰ PFU / ml) is diluted 10-fold and 100-fold with sterile water so that the surface tension is 65 or 69 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m), and the jet nebulizer (NE-C29, manufactured by OMRON) was sprayed in an evaluation chamber of 10 m ³ for a spray flow rate of 0.45 mL / min for 10 minutes, respectively. When sprayed with 100-fold dilution, the number of particles of the spray particle diameter 0.3~0.5μm at 5.0 × 10 ⁸ cells / 10 m ^3, confirmed most number of particles is high, this time, was sprayed The number of virus sprays was calculated to be 4.5 × 10 ⁸ 10 PFU / 10 m ³ , and almost the same number as the number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm was detected. Even when the 10-fold diluted solution was sprayed, the number of particles having a spray particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm was 9.0 × 10 ⁹ particles / 10 m ³ , and the highest number of particles was confirmed. The number of sprayed viruses was calculated to be 5.0 × 10 ⁹ 10PFU / 10 m ³ , and almost the same number as the number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm was detected.

  That is, when a virus spray solution is sprayed by this spraying method, a system in which one virus, specifically, E. coli phage φX174 exists, can be established for one virus particle having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm. it can. As a result, the number of viruses, specifically, the number of E. coli phage φX174 can be estimated by measuring particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm with a particle counter. That is, the number of viruses that originally have time to measure as described above can be estimated in real time by measuring the number of particles with a particle counter or the like. However, since there are various virus inactivation mechanisms, there may be a difference between the measurement of the number of particles using a particle counter and the number of viruses. In that case, the decrease in the number of particles has the effect of physical removal, and the difference between the number of particles and the number of viruses has the effect of virus inactivation, so it can be used as a method to verify the virus inactivation mechanism. It becomes possible.

(Virus spray location)
Hereinafter, the virus spray location will be described. The location of the spray virus in the evaluation room is not specified. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show the center of the evaluation room by the particle counter when the spraying place is changed when the virus spray using the E. coli phage stock solution is sprayed using the jet type nebulizer in the evaluation room 10 m ³ . It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the particle number of 0.3-0.5 micrometer of particle diameter in. It can be seen that the number of sprayed viruses is constant regardless of the spray location, and the spray location does not affect the number of suspended viruses. However, it should be sprayed in a place that does not affect the installation of the virus inactivation evaluation device.

(Virus collection means)
Hereinafter, virus collection means for collecting the virus in the evaluation chamber will be described. For collection of airborne viruses, using a midget impinger (hereinafter referred to as impinger) defined in JIS 3800K shown in FIG. 8 is effective because the virus collection rate is high. As a specific sampling method, it is preferable to connect the impinger in a multistage manner in series at a flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle of 105 m / s or less, preferably 105 m / s. In particular, quadruple connection is desirable. It is also desirable to connect a differential pressure gauge and a variable pressure orifice in front of each impinger. Hereinafter, the reason will be described sequentially.

(Virus collection means: flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle)
First, the necessity for the flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle to be 105 m / s or less will be described. Generally, when collecting spores and the like with an impinger, the impinger inlet flow rate is increased to 12.5 L / min. This is because the impinger nozzle diameter is sharply reduced from the inlet diameter of φ8mm to the tip diameter of φ1mm, the speed at the nozzle tip is increased to 265m / s and the sound velocity, and the collected air collides with the recovered water. This is because the inertial force is used to increase the sampling efficiency. When the speed is increased to the speed of sound, the air inside the impinger whose nozzle diameter is reduced becomes a compression system, and as a result, heat rises. Since spore-forming bacteria and the like are covered with a hard cell wall, they are resistant to pressure and heat, and their properties do not change even when exposed to the above-mentioned conditions.

  However, viruses have a simple structure consisting only of protein and DNA or RNA, and infectious power is easily reduced and inactivated in a system that is compressed and heated. Therefore, a sampling method in a state where compression and heat are not applied, that is, a state where no load is applied to the virus is preferable. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle as compared with the case of collecting spore bacteria.

  Table 1 shows the relationship among the velocity at the nozzle tip, the Mach number, and the air state for each inlet flow rate (recovery speed L / min) at the impinger inlet diameter φ8 mm and the tip φ1 mm.

  The Mach number is a dimensionless number obtained by the ratio of the fluid flow speed and the sound speed shown in Equation 1 and represents the ratio of the kinetic energy and internal energy of the flow field, that is, the compressive influence of the flow field. ing. In other words, the Mach number is an index indicating whether or not to consider compressibility, and it is said that the compressibility can be ignored in a flow where the effect of compressibility is small (when it is smaller than about 0.3). Yes. For this reason, it is desirable that the flow velocity at the nozzle tip is not more than 105 m / s at which the Mach number is 0.3.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate at the tip of the impinger nozzle at φ1 mm and the amount of virus recovered. As shown in FIG. 9, the larger the recovery flow rate, the higher the virus recovery amount. Therefore, the recovery flow rate is best set to 105 m / s.

M = ω / a Equation 1
M: Mach number ω: Flow velocity (m / s)
a: Speed of sound (340 m / s)

  When the impinger inlet diameter is φ8 mm and the tip is φ1 mm, as shown in Table 1, the sampling flow rate at which the Mach number is 0.3 is at the impinger inlet flow rate of 5 L / min. / Min is good.

(Virus collection method: Impinger series connection in multiple stages)
The reason why the impingers are connected in series in a multistage manner will be described. The number of particles that can be collected by one impinger is a little less than 10 to 20%, and this is also true when collecting viruses. When the virus spray solution is sprayed using the previous E. coli phage stock solution in Impinger, the amount of virus collected is about 17% of the number of viruses in the collected air. The first and second virus collection amounts were 17% and 14%, respectively, and the second impinger accounted for 45% of the total collection amount.

  Table 2 shows the relationship between the number of connections and the total amount of virus collected.

  As the number of connections increases, the recovery amount increases. Generally, the recovery efficiency in a gelatin filter reported to have high virus recovery efficiency is 40% to 50%. It can be seen from Table 2 that the impingers must be connected in quadruplicate in order to have a recovery efficiency higher than this gelatin filter. From the above, it is possible to obtain higher efficiency than other recovery efficiencies by connecting the impinger in a multistage manner, particularly in a series of four or more stations. However, in the case of a multi-stage system, the greater the number of impinger connections, the greater the required intake pump capacity and the greater the energy required. For this reason, it is desirable to have a quadruple connection with a recovery amount exceeding 50%.

(Virus collection means: differential pressure gauge and variable pressure orifice)
A description will be given of connecting a differential pressure gauge and a variable pressure orifice in front of each impinger connected in series. The orifice is a throttle for creating a pressure difference. The impinger tip nozzle diameter is determined by the glass tube diameter produced by the impinger. Generally, since the tolerance of commercially available glass tube φ1 mm is ± 10%, the tolerance of the nozzle is necessarily ± 10%, and as a result, the velocity tolerance at the nozzle tip is about ± 20%.

  Table 3 is a table showing the relationship between the speed at the nozzle tip, the speed ratio (speed intersection) with respect to the nozzle diameter φ1 mm, and the recovery rate for each impinger tip nozzle diameter.

  It can be seen that the flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle and the amount of virus recovered have an exponential correlation as shown in FIG. 9, and if the speed tolerance at the tip of the nozzle is ± 20%, There is a difference of about ± 24% in the tolerance of the collection amount. FIG. 9 shows the test results in a single series.

  However, this variation can be eliminated by installing a differential pressure gauge and an orifice in front of the impinger, adjusting the pressure at the nozzle tip, and adjusting the flow velocity at the nozzle tip to 105 m / s. This will be specifically described below.

  The relationship between the flow velocity and the pressure can be calculated from Bernoulli's equation shown in equation 2. Bernoulli's definition is the law of conservation of energy that holds along the flow, and is an expression that expresses the behavior of the fluid in a simple way. When the flow rate at the impinger inlet is 5 L / min, the pressure required to change the flow rate to 105 m / s based on the flow rate at the impinger nozzle used and the pressure (atmospheric pressure) at that time, It can be calculated from Equation 2.

^{V 2/2 + P / ρ} + gZ = k ··· Formula 2
V: flow velocity (m / s), P: pressure (N / m ² ), ρ: density (kg / m ³ , 1.293 at 0 ° C. and 1 atm)
The density ρ of air at t ° C. is expressed by the following formula 3.
ρ = 1.293 × P / (1 + 0.00367t) Equation 3

  In Table 4, the speed at the nozzle tip when the nozzle tip diameter is 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.1 mm, and the pressure required to set the flow velocity at the nozzle tip to 105 m / s are shown in the above formula. The result calculated from 1 is shown.

  When using an impinger with a diameter of φ0.9 mm that minimizes the nozzle diameter, an orifice that reduces the pressure of 3.7 kPa needs to be installed in front of the impinger. In addition, when using an impinger with a diameter of φ1.1 mm that has the largest nozzle diameter, it is necessary to install an orifice that applies a pressure of 2 kPa. When the nozzle diameter is 1.0 mm, it is not necessary to apply pressure.

  As described above, when the virus is recovered in a compression system, that is, under a condition under pressure, there is a risk of causing a reduction in the infectivity of the virus. However, it has been confirmed that the compression by the pressure (-3.7 to 2.0 kPa) necessary for changing the flow rate of the impinger nozzle part does not affect the virus infectivity at all.

  From the above, by installing a differential pressure gauge and a variable pressure orifice in front of each impinger, the flow velocity at the nozzle tip can be reduced to 105 m / s regardless of the inevitably generated diameter tolerance of the nozzle tip. It becomes possible to adjust. As a result, the variation in the collected amount is drastically reduced and is suppressed to ± 5% or less. Here, a differential pressure gauge and an orifice are provided in front of each impinger. However, among the plurality of impingers to be connected, there are impingers having the same nozzle diameter, and the impingers having the same nozzle diameter are sequentially arranged. When connecting in series, the differential pressure gauge and the orifice between the impingers having the same nozzle diameter can be omitted.

Moreover, only when the nozzle diameters of the impinger nozzles to be connected are the same, the inlet flow rate at which the flow velocity at the tip of the impinger nozzle is 105 m / s is calculated by Equation 4, the inlet flow rate is changed, and the virus is recovered. You may use the method to do.
U x A = K Equation 4
U: Flow velocity (m / s)
A: Cross-sectional area (m ² )
K: Constant (= flow rate m ³ / s)

(Evaluation room)
The evaluation room is provided with an air intake for taking in air from the external space into the evaluation room. Desirably, the air intake port is provided with an inhalation minute substance collecting means for collecting dust, microorganisms, and the like in the air taken in. As a specific method, a filter such as HEPA is provided at the air intake. Thereby, the contamination by the minute substance in the evaluation chamber can be prevented.

  The evaluation room is provided with an air discharge port for discharging the air in the evaluation room to the external space. The air outlet is provided with a virus collecting means for collecting viruses in the discharged air. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the virus in the evaluation chamber from leaking into the outside air.

  In the evaluation chamber, normal pressure is desirable but negative pressure is desirable. As means for preventing the evaluation chamber from being pressurized, there is a method of providing suction means for sucking air in the evaluation chamber from the air outlet and holding the evaluation chamber in a negative pressure state. The air pressure in the evaluation chamber can be lowered by forcibly discharging the air in the evaluation chamber to the external space.

  In addition, as a means for preventing other evaluation chambers from being pressurized, the evaluation chamber is partitioned, a variable wall movable in the evaluation chamber is provided, and the volume of the evaluation chamber can be changed by moving the variable wall. The method of doing is mentioned. By increasing the volume, it is possible to prevent the evaluation chamber from being pressurized.

  It is desirable that the temperature and humidity in the evaluation chamber are adjusted. Viruses that are vulnerable to changes in temperature and humidity can be stably suspended in the space. Specifically, an air conditioner for adjusting temperature or humidity can be provided upstream of the air intake. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which provides an air conditioning part in an evaluation chamber.

  To adjust the humidity in the test environment, a low-temperature humidifier that cools and then disperses the high-temperature steam evaporated by heating the water is good. When water is heated and evaporated, it leads to sterilization of water vapor and sterilization. Moreover, the inactivation effect of the virus by high temperature can be nullified by once cooling the high temperature steam. There is a method of applying energy to water with general ultrasonic waves and scattering it in the air in a humidifier, but in this method there is no sterilization process in the water to be sprayed, so as a humidifying method in the floating virus removal test device Is not desirable. In addition, since the optimal airborne virus temperature and humidity differ depending on the virus to be sprayed, it is desirable to make settings according to the optimal environment of each virus.

The material of the floor surface and wall surface of the evaluation room is preferably 10 ⁸ Ω or less. Painted steel or stainless steel. When the floor surface and wall surface are charged to 10 ⁹ Ω or more, the substance is easily adsorbed, and the suspended virus particles adhere to the floor surface and wall surface.

FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the charge amount and the number of floating viruses attached. When the charge amount is 10 ⁸ Ω or more, the floating virus adheres rapidly. Therefore, when the charge amount is 10 ⁸ Ω or less, it is possible to prevent the floating virus particles from adhering to the floor surface and wall surface. Further, in order to float the virus in the internal space of the evaluation room, the internal space of the evaluation room can be stirred from below the floating virus. As a stirring method, it is preferable to use a wind direction variable stirring method. The wind direction variable agitation is a method in which the agitation direction is not unidirectional, and the agitation is performed by constantly changing a wind direction while drawing a circle.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the air flow in the room when the air in the evaluation room is agitated by this method. The air in the evaluation chamber is agitated so as to draw a circle from the floor. As a result, it is possible to prevent natural sedimentation due to the weight of the virus particles sprayed into the evaluation chamber. Although the wind direction is shown in FIG. 11 in a clockwise direction, the direction of the wind varies depending on the direction of the agitating fan and the like. Specifically, in a space volume of 10 m ³ in the evaluation chamber, it is preferable to perform variable wind direction stirring at a wind speed of 7.8 m ³ / min or more.

FIG. 12 shows the airborne particle measurement points (seven locations) in the evaluation chamber when the virus is sprayed when the room air with a space volume of 10 m ³ is stirred with an air flow rate of 7.8 m ³ / min. It is a figure which shows a time-dependent change of the number of suspended particles with a particle diameter of 0.3-0.5 micrometer. FIG. 13 shows the suspended particle number measurement points in the evaluation chamber. Further, FIG. 14 shows, as a comparison, a particle size of 0. 0 at the suspended particle measurement point in the suspended particle measurement points (6 locations) in the evaluation chamber during virus spraying when the room air with a space volume of 10 m ³ was not stirred. The time-dependent change of the number of suspended particles of 3 to 0.5 μm is shown.

(Agitating fan)
When the air in the evaluation room was stirred using a wind direction variable agitating fan, the same level of particles were measured at all the suspended particle measurement points, and it was possible to change similarly at all points over time. On the other hand, when no agitation fan was used, there was a large variation in time at all the suspended particle measurement points, and the number of suspended particles varied in the evaluation chamber.

When the space volume is larger than 10 m ^3, it is difficult to uniformly stir the entire evaluation chamber with one wind direction variable stirring fan. This is because a part where the wind does not reach appears in the evaluation chamber. For this reason, it is desirable to use one or more main wind direction variable agitating fans that are intended to stir the entire evaluation chamber and at least one auxiliary air direction agitating fan that compensates for portions that cannot be sufficiently stirred by the stirring. The installation location of the auxiliary wind direction agitating fan is not particularly limited because it depends on the structure of the evaluation room, but it is farthest from the location where the main air direction agitating fan is installed, and the influence of the fan. It is desirable to stir from the diagonal, which is difficult to receive.

(Floating virus)
The virus to be suspended is not particularly limited, but Escherichia coli phage that does not affect the human body, is resistant to drying, and is not easily attenuated when suspended is desirable. Inactivation factors that inactivate viruses include ozone gas, radical particles, ion particles, synchrotron radiation, X-rays, etc., and virus inactivation devices include air conditioners, air purifiers, etc. that have their generation functions. Can be used.

(Inactivation treatment)
Here, the reason why the inactivation factor can inactivate the virus is described below.
Ozone is generated by a discharge method using an oxygen or air as a raw material, an ultraviolet irradiation method, a radiation irradiation method, or the like. In particular, the corona discharge among the discharge methods is used when generating ozone gas in an air purifier, an air conditioner or the like. Below, corona discharge is demonstrated. When a needle-like electrode is placed in the air and a high voltage is applied, an air discharge is generated around the tip of the needle, and when dark, Corona-shaped light is confirmed around the electrode.

  In this way, the air discharge that appears when a strong radial electric field locally exists is called corona discharge, and ozone is generated as a result of performing this discharge. Ozone can have the effect of causing virus inactivation by binding to and denaturing viral proteins and directly attacking DNA and RNA to eliminate infectivity. Moreover, ozone becomes harmless oxygen after exhibiting the inactivation treatment ability and does not remain. And it becomes possible to evaluate the ability to inactivate a virus by such ozone.

  Radical OH · is generated by the reaction of ozone gas with hydrogen peroxide or UV. The radical .OH. Exhibits extremely strong activity, acts on protein denaturation, DNA and RNA damage, and causes virus inactivation. In addition, radicals do not remain because they immediately bind to viruses and various molecules in the air and turn into inactive substances. And it becomes possible to evaluate the ability to inactivate viruses by such radicals.

  Moreover, in inactivating a virus, it is also possible to inactivate by using a drug and irradiating the drug particles. When an inactivation treatment is performed using a chemical, the particles can be supplied with a simple device as compared with the case of using ions or ozone. And it becomes possible to evaluate the virus inactivation effect by this chemical | medical agent.

  In particular, this test method can be suitably used for a test method using a gas or particles having inactivation ability such as ozone gas and radical as a virus inactivating factor. In the test to release the particles with inactivation ability such as ozone gas and radicals into the air and verify the effects, in the space where the virus particles exist in the space where the virus particles exist, the range is not harmful to the human body. Tests that release particles with inactivation ability are common. Therefore, in order to examine the inactivation effect on virus particles in the air, it is necessary to investigate the effect of inactivating the floating virus in a relatively long time. Therefore, it is necessary to float the virus stably for a long time. As the method, as described above, the method of setting the surface tension, electrical conductivity, viscosity, etc. to adjust the residual nutrient concentration so that the virus particle size is 0.3 to 0.5 μm preferable for stable suspension. Is particularly effective.

  Moreover, this test method can be used suitably also for the test method which inactivates a virus in the indoor space where a person etc. exist. In the case of such a test, an inactivation ability test within a range that is not harmful to the human body is common. Therefore, in order to examine the inactivation effect on virus particles in the air, it is necessary to investigate the effect of inactivating the floating virus in a relatively long time. Therefore, it is necessary to float the virus stably for a long time. As the method, as described above, the method of setting the surface tension, electrical conductivity, viscosity, etc. to adjust the residual nutrient concentration so that the virus particle size is 0.3 to 0.5 μm preferable for stable suspension. Is particularly effective.

  Moreover, when measuring the collected virus, it is also possible to measure a change with time of the exposure time of the particles. Thereby, the quantitative evaluation with respect to the passage of time of the ability to inactivate the virus can be performed.

  In measuring the collected virus, the concentration dependency of the virus inactivating factor can also be measured. Thereby, the quantitative evaluation with respect to the particle concentration dependence of the ability to inactivate viruses can be performed.

(Specific configuration of floating virus inactivation evaluation device)
Hereinafter, a floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus that embodies the above configuration will be described.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
This floating virus inactivation evaluation device includes a spray device 2 as a virus supply device for supplying a virus into an evaluation chamber 1 separated from an external space by an outer wall, and an air conditioner 3 for inactivating viruses in the evaluation chamber 1. And a virus collection device 4, a particle counter 5a, and an indoor particle number measurement device 5.

The evaluation room 1 is a clean room with high airtightness in which four sides are separated from the external space by the separation walls. The space size of the evaluation chamber 1 is about 10 m ³ (2.2 × 2.2 × 2.2 m), but the size is not limited. Further, a front chamber 100 is provided on the evaluation wall 1 entrance wall side. Further, it is desirable to employ a material having a charge amount of 10 ⁸ Ω or less as the material for the floor and wall surfaces of the evaluation chamber 1.

A stirring fan 6 is provided below the evaluation chamber 1. The agitating fan 6 is a wind direction variable type fan, can form an air flow around it and agitate the space, and can prevent natural sedimentation downward due to its own weight of virus particles. In the case of this apparatus in which the space size of the evaluation chamber 1 is 10 m ³ , the air volume is 7.8 m ³ / min or more, preferably 7.8 m ³ / min. In addition, this air volume is a very small air volume so that a person does not feel a wind.

  Further, the evaluation room 1 is equipped with a germicidal lamp 7 so that the room can be sterilized. This germicidal lamp 7 is mainly used for sterilization in the evaluation chamber 1 before the evaluation test. Further, a barometer (not shown) for measuring the atmospheric pressure in the evaluation chamber 1 is provided. This barometer is arranged at a position that can be confirmed from outside the evaluation chamber 1 together with a barometer (not shown) that measures the atmospheric pressure in the front chamber 100. The outer wall of the evaluation chamber 1 is provided with an air intake port 1a and an air discharge port 1b as ventilation ports for performing ventilation before and after the evaluation test. Further, an air inlet / outlet port 1c is provided on the front chamber 100 side. The air inlet 1a, the air outlet 1b, and the air inlet / outlet 1c can be closed and are closed during the evaluation test. The evaluation chamber 1 is provided with a door 9 for entering and exiting the evaluation chamber 1.

  The air intake port 1a is provided with a HEPA / activated carbon filter and can introduce purified air. Further, the air outlet 1b is provided with a HEPA / activated carbon filter, which can be exhausted to the external space after the air is purified. The filters provided at the air intake port 1a and the air discharge port 1b are not limited to HEPA / activated carbon filters, and other types of filters may be used. Similarly, the air inlet / outlet port 1c is provided with a HEPA / activated carbon filter.

  The spraying device 2 has a nebulizer 2a, a compressor 2b, and a power source 2c that turns on / off driving of the compressor 2b. The nebulizer 2a and the compressor 2b are arranged in the evaluation chamber 1, and the spray liquid set in the nebulizer 2a is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 by driving the compressor 2b. The nebulizer 2a is installed on the compressor 2b at a portion 100 cm from the floor and 50 cm from the wall so that the spray side is directly above.

  The spray solution sprayed by the spray device 2 is a solution obtained by diluting 100 times with sterile ultrapure water using the E. coli phage φX174 (ATCC 13706-B1) solution prepared by the above-described method as a stock solution. φX174 is a virus that infects Escherichia coli, and is a icosahedral virus having a diameter of about 26 nm and having 1-DNA. In general, E. coli phages including φX174 are not pathogenic to humans. In addition, the surface tension, electrical conductivity, or viscosity is adjusted as described above so that the particle size is 0.3 to 0.5 μm, which can prevent inactivation due to drying and spontaneous fall due to its own weight. It is. Moreover, it is preferable to use the jet-type nebulizer which can spray the particle | grains with a particle diameter of 0.3-0.5 micrometer as the nebulizer 2a used here as mentioned above.

  The air conditioner 3 as a virus inactivating device is specifically composed of, for example, an air conditioner or an air purifier, and has a virus collecting function by a HEPA filter and an inactivating ability of ozone gas, radicals, etc. in the air. It has the function of releasing particles and inactivating viruses. Here, the air conditioner 3 collects viruses in the air by electrostatic dust collection in the apparatus, and then creates a 10-40 nm moisture particle (a large number of ions are present by applying a high voltage to the moisture in the air. ) To inactivate the virus in the device. The air conditioner 3 is supported by a support 3a.

  The virus collection device 4 is arranged in the evaluation room 1 and includes a collection tube 4a and a collection unit 4b for collecting the virus in the evaluation room 1, and measures and evaluates the virus by the first measurement method. It corresponds to 1 virus measuring device. The collection tube 4a extends through the evaluation chamber 1 and the front chamber 100 into the front chamber 100 and is connected to the collection unit 4b. The tip of the sampling tube 4a in the evaluation chamber 1 is supported by a support 4c. The virus collection device 4 is further connected to a return pipe 4 d for returning the air collected and removed into the evaluation chamber 1, and the tip of the return pipe 4 d is open to the wall surface of the evaluation chamber 1. By returning the air thus collected and removed into the evaluation chamber 1, the pressure in the evaluation chamber 1 is kept constant.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the collection unit 4b of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 15, the collection unit 4 b connects the flow meter 41 and the pump 42 after the impinger 40 of FIG. Suction is performed at a flow rate of 5 L / min. In addition, a differential pressure gauge 43 and a variable pressure orifice 44 are connected in front of each impinger 40 so that the flow velocity at each impinger nozzle tip (hereinafter abbreviated as nozzle tip) 40a is 105 m / s. Is adjusted.

  The particle counter 5 a measures the number of virus particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm in the evaluation chamber 1, and outputs the measurement result to the indoor particle number measuring device 5 disposed outside the evaluation chamber 1. The indoor particle number measuring device 5 measures the number of particles in the evaluation chamber 1 in real time as the number of viruses. The particle counter 5a and the indoor particle number measuring device 5 correspond to a second virus measuring device that measures and evaluates viruses by the second measuring method.

  A test procedure using the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus having the above configuration will be described below.

(1) Preparation for test Before starting the test, the air intake port 1a and the air discharge port 1b are opened so that the evaluation chamber 1 is filled with clean air with less dust. In addition, the wall inside the evaluation chamber 1 is irradiated and disinfected for a certain period of time in advance with a germicidal lamp 7 that generates ultraviolet rays, and the humidity of the air in the evaluation chamber 1 is adjusted with a humidifier (not shown). It is desirable to keep it. For example, it is desirable to adjust the temperature in the evaluation chamber 1 by the air conditioning function of the air conditioner 3. After the disinfection in the evaluation chamber 1 is completed, the air intake port 1a and the air discharge port 1b are closed, and the operation of the germicidal lamp 7 is stopped. Then, the particle counter 5a and the indoor particle number measuring device 5 are operated to measure the number of particles in the evaluation chamber 1. The stirring fan 6 is turned on with variable wind direction and the wind speed is set at 7.8 m ³ / min, and air is blown so that virus particles sprayed later diffuse into the space.

(2) Spraying of bacteria 7 ml of a virus suspension prepared in advance is set in the nebulizer 2a, the compressor 2b is turned on, and the virus solution is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 for 10 minutes. As described above, the spray liquid has any of the surface tension, electrical conductivity, or viscosity described above so that the particle diameter is 0.3 to 0.5 μm that can prevent inactivation by drying and natural fall due to its own weight. It was adjusted as you did. Therefore, the virus particles can be stably suspended in the evaluation chamber 1 for a long time. Further, since an air flow is formed in the evaluation chamber 1 by the stirring fan 6, the sprayed virus particles are stably suspended in the evaluation chamber 1 without falling naturally.

(3) Driving the air conditioner 3 The air conditioner 3 is driven. The air conditioner 3 can collect the virus in the sucked air in the air conditioner 3 by electric dust collection, and can reduce the floating virus in the evaluation chamber 1.

(4) Virus measurement (first measurement method): virus collection device The pump 42 of the virus collection device 4 is operated, and then the evaluation chamber air inlet cock 1d is opened, and the air in the evaluation chamber 1 is collected by the collection tube 4a. Then, the virus particles are collected by the impinger 40 of the collection part 4b. Here, as described above, the collection flow rate in the collection unit 4b is adjusted to 5 L / min, the collection flow rate is adjusted to 105 m / s, and the virus particles are not compressed or heated, that is, the virus is not loaded. It can be collected in the state. Then, the collected air passes through the impinger 40, the pump 42, and the air return port 1e and is returned to the evaluation chamber 1 again.

(5) Virus measurement (second measurement method): particle counter and indoor particle number measuring device The particle counter 5a measures the number of virus particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm in the evaluation chamber 1, and the measurement result. Is output to the indoor particle number measuring device 5 arranged outside the evaluation chamber 1. The indoor particle number measuring device 5 estimates the number of particles in the evaluation chamber 1 as the number of viruses, and displays the estimation result on a display means (not shown). In this way, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the evaluation chamber 1 is established, and the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber is determined by measuring the number of virus particles of 0.3 to 0.5 μm. In order to measure, the number of viruses in the evaluation room 1 can be measured quickly and monitored in real time. In addition, the measurement result of the number of viruses can be stored in the indoor particle number measuring device 5 in time series, and the change in the number of viruses over time can be confirmed.

  After collecting the virus particles by the impinger 40, the pump 42 is stopped, the evaluation room air inlet cock 1d is closed, the impinger 40 is recovered, and the number of viruses in the recovered water in the impinger 40 is determined by the plaque method. Measured.

  The virus is collected 6 times every hour, and 7 times in total for 6 hours. Thereby, the time-dependent change of the suspended virus concentration is measured.

(6) End When the evaluation of airborne viruses is completed, the air conditioner 3 is stopped, clean air is introduced into the evaluation chamber 1 from the air intake port 1a, and the air containing the airborne virus in the evaluation chamber 1 is removed from the air outlet 1b. It is made to pass through and then discharged to the outside.

  According to the above configuration, the virus can be stably suspended without falling naturally into the evaluation chamber 1. As a result, it is possible to perform a stable test with little statistical variation in the collection results even after a plurality of tests. Therefore, the effect of a virus inactivation device can be legitimately evaluated, and the accuracy of virus inactivation evaluation can be made highly accurate.

  In the first embodiment, as the virus measurement / evaluation apparatus, both the virus collection apparatus 4, the real-time monitorable particle counter 5 a and the indoor particle number measurement apparatus 5 are used for measurement evaluation. . However, this Embodiment 1 is not limited to using both together.

  In addition, here, the conditions of the air conditioner 3 as a virus inactivation device were not particularly mentioned, but the virus inactivation conditions and the like should be quantitatively evaluated by making various conditions freely settable. Is possible.

  Next, the test results obtained by this test facility are shown below. Note that the following test is not a virus inactivation device evaluation test originally intended in the virus inactivation device evaluation apparatus, but is equivalent to a performance test of the apparatus itself, a test environment test, or the like.

[Virus particle stability test]
The stability test of virus particles in the evaluation chamber 1 when the air conditioner 3 is not operated will be described. Here, the virus stock solution was diluted 100-fold with sterilized ultrapure water, and the virus suspension whose surface tension was adjusted to 69 gyn / cm was sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 with a jet nebulizer. FIG. 16 shows the result of measuring the change in the number of viruses when the temperature is set to 20 ° C. and the relative humidity is 60% RH and the air conditioner 3 is not operated. In FIG. 16, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of suspended virus in the 10 m ³ evaluation chamber 1 in which the virus was suspended. As shown in FIG. 16, the attenuation of the number of viruses after 6 hours was about 1/10, and no significant decrease was observed. Since viruses are vulnerable to drying, it is presumed that, when the humidity environment is as high as 60% RH, the viruses will not die and can be suspended for a long time without being inactivated.

  Thus, in the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus of the first embodiment, even if the virus is sprayed, the virus can be suspended without being inactivated for a long time.

[Virus inactivation test]
FIG. 17 shows the result of measuring the change in the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber 1 when the air conditioner 3 is operated. As a result of this test, about 99% of the floating viruses are inactivated after 4 hours when the air conditioner 3 is operated as compared with the case where the air conditioner 3 is not operated (FIG. 16). It has been confirmed by experiments by the present inventors that a stable test controlled to a variation level of 10% or less can be performed in the slope of the approximate curve of the plot even by a plurality of tests under the same conditions.

[Virus number evaluation method]
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating changes in the number of particles having a diameter of 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm after virus spraying in the evaluation chamber 1 in a state where the air conditioner 3 is not operated. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 18 with FIG. 16, the measured number of suspended viruses and the number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm are measured at approximately the same number. Therefore, in the floating virus inactivation evaluation, which must originally measure the number of viruses, the number of particles with a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm is measured in real time by measuring the number of particles with a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm, etc. be able to.
As described above, the suspended virus concentration and the number of particles having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm in the 10 m ³ evaluation chamber 1 in which the virus is suspended can be monitored. In this method, the floating virus concentration in the 10 m ³ evaluation chamber 1 and the number of particles having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm are approximately the same, so the diameter is 0.3 to 0.5 μm without measuring the number of viruses. By measuring particles with a particle size, the number of viruses can be monitored.

[Temperature and humidity test]
In the above, in order to prevent natural decay of the virus, the virus is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 set at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60% RH. In order to evaluate the influence of temperature, the humidity is set to a constant condition of 60% RH, and the virus is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 different from 10 ° C., 15 ° C., 20 ° C., and 25 ° C., and the air conditioner 3 is not operated. The result of measuring the number of viruses in the state is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 19 shows the results of examining the correlation between the temperature and the amount of virus floating, and the results of examining the number of suspended viruses after 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours by changing the temperature in the evaluation chamber 1. . From FIG. 19, at all temperature conditions within 10 ° C. to 25 ° C., the virus can be present at 10% or more even if it is left for 6 hours. Therefore, it is desirable to evaluate temperature within the range of 10-25 degreeC. However, since the survival rate slightly changes when the temperature changes, it is desirable to keep the temperature constant when testing the state where the virus inactivating device is operated and the state where it is not operated.

  In order to evaluate the influence of humidity, the temperature is set to a constant condition of 20 ° C., the virus is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1 different from 40, 50, 60, 70% RH, and the number of viruses in a state where the air conditioner is not operated. The result of measuring the change is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 20 shows the results of examining the correlation between the humidity and the amount of virus suspended, and the results of examining the number of suspended viruses after 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours by changing the humidity in the evaluation chamber 1. . From FIG. 20, it can be seen that when the humidity is 50% RH or higher, the virus can exist at 5% or higher even after being left for 6 hours. It can also be seen that if the humidity is 60% RH or higher, the virus can survive one digit or more even after being left for 6 hours. Therefore, it is desirable to control the humidity at 50% or more, preferably 60% RH.

  Thus, in the floating virus inactivation evaluation according to the first embodiment, since the virus is sprayed and tested under temperature and humidity control, the virus can be suspended for a long time without being inactivated.

  The temperature and humidity are the optimum temperature and humidity when E. coli phage φX174 is sprayed into the evaluation chamber 1, and the optimum floating virus temperature and humidity differ depending on the virus to be sprayed. Therefore, it is desirable to set according to the optimal environment of each virus. Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that many modifications and changes can be made to the above-described embodiment within the scope of the present invention.

  As described above, in the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment, even when the virus is sprayed, the virus can be stably suspended without being inactivated for a long time.

Embodiment 2. FIG. Embodiment 2 Automating the Spraying Device In the second embodiment, another configuration example (part 1) of the spraying device 2 according to the first embodiment will be described. This is the same as the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the spray device 20 of Embodiment 2 will be described in detail.

FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a schematic configuration diagram of the spraying device 20 of FIG. In addition, illustration of the compressor 2b is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 21 and 22, the same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 21, the spray device 20 of the second embodiment includes a nebulizer 2 a, a compressor 2 b, and a spray liquid preparation device 21. As shown in FIG. 22, the spray liquid preparation device 21 includes a virus stock solution tank 22a, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank 22b, and a pure water tank 22c that store a stock solution of Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by the above-described method. It is configured to be connected to the liquid mixing device 24 by a tube through ˜23c, and the liquid mixed in the liquid mixing device 24 is fed into the nebulizer 2a.

  Further, a surface tension measuring device 25 is connected to the liquid mixing device 24, and further, although not shown, a flow meter is provided in a flow path from each of the tanks 22a to 22c to the liquid mixing device 24. Moreover, each tank 22a-22c and the liquid mixing apparatus 24 are arrange | positioned in the refrigerator compartment, and the virus spray liquid in which the mixing | blending of each liquid from each tank 22a-22c was adjusted is preserve | saved at 4 degrees C or less until just before spraying. It has become so. Further, the spray liquid preparation device 21 is provided with the same power source 2c as that of the first embodiment, and the drive of the compressor 2b can be turned ON / OFF by the power source 2c. The driving of the pumps 23a to 23c is controlled by a control device (not shown).

The pumps 23a to 23c are independently controlled by the control device so that the surface tension of the mixed solution of virus stock solution, residual nutrient-containing solution and pure water is 65 to 69 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). The mixture is automatically prepared with the blending adjusted. Thereafter, the control device injects the mixed solution into the nebulizer 2a, turns on the compressor 2b, and causes the nebulizer 2a to spray the virus spray into the evaluation chamber 1.

  According to the configuration described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and a virus spray solution can be automatically created, so that a safe operation can be performed even when handling a virus that infects humans. In addition, by the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2b by the control device, continuous spraying and intermittent spraying are also possible, and the floating virus inactivation evaluation can be performed efficiently. In addition, since the virus stock solution is stored in the tank alone without being mixed with pure water or impurity solution, the virus solution that attenuates the virus inside when the storage concentration is low can be maintained at a high concentration until just before the test. Moreover, since the virus solution can be stored refrigerated or frozen, it is possible to spray a virus in a stable state.

Embodiment 3 FIG. Automating the spraying apparatus The third embodiment describes another configuration example (part 2) of the spraying apparatus 2 according to the first embodiment. The configuration other than the spraying apparatus 2 is the same as that of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. This is the same as the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the spray device 20A of Embodiment 3 will be described in detail.

FIG. 23 is a schematic configuration diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of the spraying apparatus 20A of FIG. In addition, illustration of the compressor 2b is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 23 and 24, the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 23, the spray device 20A of the third embodiment includes a nebulizer 2a, a compressor 2b, and a spray liquid preparation device 21A. As shown in FIG. 24, the spray liquid preparation device 21A includes a virus stock solution tank 22a, a residual nutrient salt-containing solution tank 22b, and a pure water tank 22c that store a stock solution of Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by the above method. It is configured to be connected to the liquid mixing device 24 by a tube through ˜23c, and the liquid mixed in the liquid mixing device 24 is fed into the nebulizer 2a.

  In addition, an electrical conductivity measuring device 25A is connected to the liquid mixing device 24. Further, although not shown, a flow meter is provided in a flow path from each of the tanks 22a to 22c to the liquid mixing device 24. Moreover, each tank 22a-22c and the liquid mixing apparatus 24 are arrange | positioned in the refrigerator compartment, and the virus spray liquid in which the mixing | blending of each liquid from each tank 22a-22c was adjusted is preserve | saved at 4 degrees C or less until just before spraying. It has become so. Further, the spray liquid preparation device 21A is provided with the same power source 2c as that in the first embodiment, and the drive of the compressor 2b can be turned ON / OFF by the power source 2c. The driving of the pumps 23a to 23c is controlled by a control device (not shown).

  Each of the pumps 23a to 23c is independently controlled by the control device, and a mixed solution whose composition is adjusted so that the electric conductivity of the mixed solution of virus stock solution, residual nutrient-containing solution and pure water is 200 μs / cm 2 is prepared. Create automatically. Thereafter, the control device injects the mixed solution into the nebulizer 2a, turns on the compressor 2b, and causes the nebulizer 2a to spray the virus spray into the evaluation chamber 1.

  According to the configuration described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and a virus spray solution can be automatically created, so that a safe operation can be performed even when handling a virus that infects humans. In addition, by the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2b by the control device, continuous spraying and intermittent spraying are also possible, and the floating virus inactivation evaluation can be performed efficiently. In addition, since the virus stock solution is stored in the tank alone without being mixed with pure water or impurity solution, the virus solution that attenuates the virus inside when the storage concentration is low can be maintained at a high concentration until just before the test. Moreover, since the virus solution can be stored refrigerated or frozen, it is possible to spray a virus in a stable state. Note that a viscometer can be connected in place of the electrical conductivity measuring device to have the same function.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes a virus collection apparatus 4f instead of the virus collection apparatus 4 of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment. It is the same.

FIG. 25 is a schematic configuration diagram of the floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a schematic configuration diagram of the virus collection device 4f of FIG. 25 and 26, the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 26, the virus collection device 4f of the fourth embodiment is different from the virus collection device 4 of the first embodiment in the configuration of the collection unit 4b, and the collection unit 4e of the fourth embodiment has a width φ1 mm (± 0.1 mm), and a tube 45 having a length of 100 mm, the impinger 40 is connected in series in series, and a flow meter 41 and a pump 42 are further connected. That is, instead of the configuration in which the differential pressure gauge 43 and the orifice 44 are provided in front of each impinger 40 in the collection unit 4b of the virus collection device 4 of the first embodiment, a group of impingers 40 connected in series in series. It has the characteristic in the point which set it as the structure which connected the pipe | tube 45 before. When collecting air, the air is sucked with a pump so that the flow velocity when passing through φ1 mm (± 0.1 mm) is 105 m / s.

  Since the length of the tip portion of the impinger 40 having a diameter of φ1 mm is 27 mm from FIG. 8, if a pipe 45 having a diameter of 1 mm and 100 mm is connected in front of the impinger 40 connected in series, the impinger 40 is collected by the impinger 40. When the air flowing through the flow path of about φ1 mm, the ratio of the tube portion occupies 80%. Therefore, even if the diameter of the nozzle tip portion 40a thereafter changes from φ0.9 to 1.1 mm, the flow rate at the nozzle tip portion 40a is dominated by the differential pressure due to the 100 mm tube portion of φ1 mm in the preceding stage portion. The flow velocity tolerance at the nozzle tip 40a is suppressed to ± 5% or less.

  According to the above configuration, the flow velocity at the nozzle tip portion 40a of the impinger 40 is governed by the flow velocity in the tube when passing through the tube 45 installed in the preceding stage, regardless of the diameter of the nozzle tip portion 40a. The For this reason, the flow velocity at the nozzle tip 40a can be suppressed to a tolerance of ± 5% or less. Of course, in order to further improve the accuracy, a tube of φ1 mm of 100 mm or more may be used.

Embodiment 5 FIG. Movement of Sampling Position FIG. 27 is a schematic configuration diagram of a floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In FIG. 27, the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
In the fifth embodiment, the position of the tip of the sampling tube 4a of the impinger 40 or the tip of a tube (not shown) for guiding air to the particle counter 5a, that is, the measurement point can be changed by remote control. Has characteristics. Other basic configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. The following description will focus on the differences of the fifth embodiment from the first embodiment.

  A rail 10 as a guide path is provided on the ceiling surface of the evaluation chamber 1. The rail 10 is composed of a first rail 10a provided in parallel to both side walls of the evaluation chamber 1, and a second rail 10b spanned over the first rail 10a. The second rail 10b has wheels 10c and is movable on the first rail 10a. The movement of the first rail 10a is remotely controlled. A carriage 11 having wheels 12 movable along the second rail 10b is placed on the second rail 10b, and the carriage 11 is movable along the second rail 10b. Yes.

  The carriage 11 has a drive unit (not shown) for driving the wheels 12 and a receiving unit (not shown) that can be remotely operated. A rod 13 extending downward is connected to the carriage 11 and a mounting table 14 is fixed to the lower end thereof. The carriage 11, the wheel 12, the rod 13, and the mounting table 14 constitute a moving body 15. The tip of the sampling tube 4a of the impinger 40 or the tip of an air guide tube (not shown) to the particle counter 5a is placed on the mounting table 14 of the moving body 15. The driving of the wheels 12 of the carriage 11 is remotely controlled. The carriage 11 can be freely moved along the second rail 10b by remote control. In addition, it is assumed that the rod 13 can be freely moved up and down by remote control.

  With the above configuration, the moving body 15 can move left and right along the second rail 10b, and the second rail 10b itself can move back and forth along the first rail 10a. Become. Furthermore, the mounting table 14 can be moved up and down in the evaluation chamber 1 by the vertical movement of the rod 13 itself. Therefore, as a whole, the mounting table 14 can be moved back and forth, right and left, and further up and down in the evaluation chamber 1, so that the measurement point can be moved to a free position in the evaluation chamber 1.

  According to the configuration as described above, the particle number measurement point in the evaluation chamber 1 and the recovery point in the impinger 40 can be freely changed in the evaluation chamber 1, and the inactivation device such as the air conditioner 3 can be changed. Sampling with varying distance, position, etc. is possible. Moreover, since the sampling position can be changed even during one test, it is possible to acquire the virus inactivation distribution by the inactivation device in the evaluation chamber 1.

  In addition, in each said Embodiment 1-5, it demonstrated as another embodiment, respectively, However, The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus may be comprised combining suitably the characteristic structure of each embodiment.

  1 evaluation chamber, 1a air inlet, 1b air outlet, 1c air outlet, 1d evaluation chamber air inlet cock, 1e air return port, 2 spraying device, 2a nebulizer, 2b compressor, 2c power supply, 3 air conditioner, 3a support Stand, 4 virus collection device, 4a collection tube, 4b collection unit, 4c support table, 4d return tube, 4e collection unit, 4f virus collection device, 5 indoor particle number measurement device, 5a particle counter, 6 stirring fan, 7 germicidal lamp , 9 doors, 10 rails, 10a first rail, 10b second rail, 10c wheels, 11 trolleys, 12 wheels, 13 bars, 14 mounting tables, 15 moving bodies, 20 spraying devices, 20A spraying devices, 21 spray solutions Preparation device, 21A spray solution preparation device, 22a virus stock solution tank, 22b residual nutrient salt-containing solution tank, 2 c Pure water tank, 23a to 23c Pump (pump device), 24 liquid mixing device, 25 Surface tension measuring device, 25A Electrical conductivity measuring device, 40 Impinger, 40a Nozzle tip, 41 Flow meter, 42 Pump, 43 Difference Pressure gauge, 44 orifices, 45 tubes, 100 anterior chamber.

Claims (47)

  Supplying virus-containing suspended particles (hereinafter referred to as virus particles) in a particle size range that can stably float in an evaluation chamber separated from the external space by an isolation wall, and measuring and evaluating the number of suspended viruses in the evaluation chamber A method for evaluating the inactivation of airborne viruses characterized by the following.   When supplying the virus particles into the evaluation chamber, a predetermined virus solution is sprayed, and the predetermined virus solution is a particle in which the particle size of the virus particles when the predetermined virus solution is sprayed can be stably suspended. The method for evaluating the inactivation of suspended viruses according to claim 1, wherein the virus solution has a residual nutrient concentration adjusted so that virus particles in a diameter range are predominant.   The suspended virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein a residual nutrient concentration of the predetermined virus solution is adjusted by a surface tension of the predetermined virus solution.   The suspended virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein a residual nutrient concentration of the predetermined virus solution is adjusted by an electric conductivity of the predetermined virus solution.   The suspended virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the residual nutrient concentration of the predetermined virus solution is adjusted by the viscosity of the predetermined virus solution.   The floating virus is collected by a plurality of impingers connected in series as the first measurement method, and the number of the collected viruses is measured. Of floating virus inactivation evaluation method.   7. A floating virus inactivation according to claim 6, wherein a differential pressure gauge and a variable pressure orifice are connected in front of each impinger, and an air inflow velocity at a nozzle tip of each impinger is adjusted to a predetermined flow velocity. Evaluation methods.   The method according to claim 7, wherein the virus is Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, and the air flow rate is set to 105 m / s or less.   The method for evaluating inactivation of airborne viruses according to claim 8, wherein the number of impingers is four.   The virus is Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, and four impingers are connected in series after a tube having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 100 mm or more, and the air inflow velocity at the nozzle tip of each impinger is 105 m / The suspension virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the suspension virus is collected so as to be adjusted to s or less. The predetermined virus solution is a solution adjusted so that, when sprayed, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension is established in the evaluation chamber. Yes, by spraying this virus liquid, in the evaluation chamber, establish a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension,
The method of measuring the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the particle size range that can stably float among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber as a second measurement method. The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The predetermined virus solution is a solution in which a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method is diluted to have a surface tension adjusted to a range of 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). By spraying the liquid, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension is established in the evaluation chamber,
The method of measuring the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the particle size range that can stably float among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber as a second measurement method. 3. The method for evaluating inactivation of airborne virus according to 3. The predetermined virus solution is a solution in which the stock solution of Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method is diluted to have an electric conductivity adjusted to a range of 10 to 1000 μs / cm. By spraying this virus solution, Establishing a system in the evaluation chamber in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension;
The method of measuring the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the particle size range that can stably float among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber as a second measurement method. 4. The method for evaluating inactivation of airborne virus according to 4.   The method for evaluating the inactivation of suspended viruses according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the particle size range capable of stably floating is 0.3 to 0.5 µm.   The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the number of virus particles is measured by a particle counter. The predetermined virus solution is a solution adjusted so that, when sprayed, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension is established in the evaluation chamber. Yes, by spraying this virus liquid, in the evaluation chamber, establish a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension,
A first measuring method for collecting floating viruses with a plurality of impingers connected in series, and measuring the collected viruses, and viruses having a particle size range that can be stably suspended among virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the number of viruses is measured in combination with a second measurement method for measuring the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of particles. By spraying a predetermined virus solution into the evaluation chamber isolated from the external space by the isolation wall, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in a predetermined particle size range is established in the evaluation chamber. ,
A floating virus inactivation evaluation method characterized by measuring and evaluating the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the predetermined particle diameter range among virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber. The predetermined virus solution is prepared by diluting a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method and adjusting the surface tension to a range of 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). The method for evaluating inactivation of airborne virus according to claim 17.   18. The predetermined virus solution is obtained by diluting a stock solution of Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method and adjusting the electric conductivity to a range of 10 to 1000 μs / cm. Airborne virus inactivation evaluation method.   20. The method for evaluating inactivation of airborne viruses according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the predetermined particle size range is 0.3 to 0.5 [mu] m.   21. The floating virus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 17, wherein the number of virus particles is measured by a particle counter.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the predetermined virus solution is sprayed with a jet nebulizer. A virus supply device for supplying virus particles in a particle size range capable of stable suspension in an evaluation chamber isolated from an external space by an isolation wall;
A floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus comprising: a virus measurement evaluation apparatus that measures and evaluates the number of floating viruses in the evaluation chamber.   The virus supply device sprays a predetermined virus solution having a residual nutrient concentration adjusted so that the virus particles in a particle size range capable of stably floating are mainly supplied to supply the virus particles into the evaluation chamber. The apparatus for evaluating inactivation of airborne virus according to claim 23.   The virus supply device is a virus stock solution tank, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank, a pure water tank, a liquid mixing device, and a pump device that supplies the liquid in each tank independently to the liquid mixing device, A surface tension measuring device for measuring the surface tension of the mixed liquid mixed by the liquid mixing device, and a control device for controlling the pump device so that a measurement result of the surface tension measuring device falls within a predetermined surface tension range; And the virus supply device sprays the mixed solution adjusted to be within the predetermined surface tension range into the evaluation chamber as the predetermined virus solution with adjusted residual nutrient concentration. The apparatus for evaluating inactivation of airborne virus according to claim 24.   The virus supply device is a virus stock solution tank, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank, a pure water tank, a liquid mixing device, and a pump device that supplies the liquid in each tank independently to the liquid mixing device, An electric conductivity measuring device for measuring the electric conductivity of the mixed liquid mixed by the liquid mixing device, and the pump device is controlled so that the measurement result of the electric conductivity measuring device falls within a predetermined electric conductivity range. And a control device for spraying the mixed solution adjusted to be within a predetermined electric conductivity range into the evaluation chamber as the predetermined virus solution with adjusted residual nutrient concentration. Item 25. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to item 24.   The virus supply device is a virus stock solution tank, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank, a pure water tank, a liquid mixing device, and a pump device that supplies the liquid in each tank independently to the liquid mixing device, A viscosity measuring device for measuring the viscosity of the mixed liquid mixed by the liquid mixing device, and a control device for controlling the pump device so that the measurement result of the viscosity measuring device falls within a predetermined viscosity range, 25. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the liquid mixture adjusted so as to be within the viscosity range is sprayed into the evaluation chamber as the predetermined virus liquid whose residual nutrient concentration is adjusted. .   28. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein each of the tanks, the liquid mixing apparatus, and the pump apparatus are arranged in a temperature adjustable refrigerator.   24. The virus measurement / evaluation apparatus includes a first virus measurement apparatus that collects floating viruses by using a plurality of impingers connected in series and measures the number of the collected viruses. 28. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of 28.   The first virus measuring device has a configuration in which a differential pressure gauge and a variable pressure orifice are connected in front of each impinger, and the air inflow velocity at each nozzle tip is made a predetermined flow velocity by the differential pressure gauge and the orifice. 30. The apparatus for evaluating the inactivation of airborne viruses according to claim 29, characterized by being adjusted.   31. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the virus is Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, and the air inflow velocity is set to 105 m / s or less.   32. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the number of the impingers is four.   The virus is Escherichia coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, and the first virus measuring device connects four impingers in series after a tube of φ1 mm and a length of 100 mm or more, and nozzles of each impinger 30. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 29, wherein floating virus is collected by adjusting the air inflow velocity at the tip to be 105 m / s or less. The predetermined virus solution is a solution adjusted so that, when sprayed, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension is established in the evaluation chamber. Yes, by spraying this virus liquid, in the evaluation chamber, establish a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension,
The virus measurement and evaluation device includes a second virus measurement device that measures the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the particle size range that can stably float among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber. 29. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 24 to 28, comprising: The predetermined virus solution is prepared by diluting a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method and adjusting the surface tension to a range of 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). The suspended virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 34.   35. The predetermined virus solution is obtained by diluting a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method and adjusting the electric conductivity to a range of 10 to 1000 μs / cm. Airborne virus inactivation evaluation device.   37. The suspended virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the predetermined particle diameter range is 0.3 to 0.5 [mu] m.   The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the second virus measurement apparatus measures the number of virus particles by a particle counter. The predetermined virus solution is a solution adjusted so that, when sprayed, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension is established in the evaluation chamber. The virus supply device establishes a system in which one virus exists in the evaluation chamber for one virus particle in the particle size range capable of stable suspension by spraying the predetermined virus solution. ,
The virus measurement and evaluation device collects floating viruses with a plurality of impingers connected in series, and the first virus measurement device that measures the number of collected viruses, and among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber, 25. The number of viruses is measured in combination with a second virus measuring device that measures the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in a particle size range in which the particles can stably float. Floating virus inactivation evaluation device. By spraying a predetermined virus solution into the evaluation chamber isolated from the external space by the isolation wall, a system in which one virus exists for one virus particle in a predetermined particle diameter range is established in the evaluation chamber. A virus supply device;
A virus measurement / evaluation apparatus that measures and evaluates the number of viruses in the evaluation chamber by measuring the number of virus particles in the predetermined particle diameter range among the virus particles floating in the evaluation chamber, A floating virus inactivation evaluation device. The virus supply device includes a virus stock solution tank for storing a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank, a pure water tank, a liquid mixing device, and a solution in each of the tanks. The pump device that supplies the liquid mixing device independently, the surface tension measuring device that measures the surface tension of the mixed liquid mixed by the liquid mixing device, and the measurement result of the surface tension measuring device is 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m), and the virus supply device is adjusted so that the surface tension is 60 to 70 (× 10 ⁻³ N / m). 41. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the mixed liquid is sprayed into the evaluation chamber as the predetermined virus liquid with adjusted residual nutrient concentration.   The virus supply device includes a virus stock solution tank for storing a stock solution of E. coli phage φX174 prepared by a specific method, a residual nutrient-containing solution tank, a pure water tank, a liquid mixing device, and a solution in each of the tanks. The pump device that supplies the liquid mixing device independently, the electric conductivity measuring device that measures the electric conductivity of the mixed liquid mixed by the liquid mixing device, and the measurement results of the electric conductivity measuring device are 10 to 10. A control device that controls the pump device so as to have an electric conductivity of 1000 μs / cm, and the virus supply device leaves a mixed liquid adjusted to have an electric conductivity of 10 to 1000 μs / cm. 41. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the evaluation virus is sprayed into the evaluation chamber as the predetermined virus solution with adjusted nutrient concentration.   43. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to claim 41, wherein the predetermined particle diameter range is 0.3 to 0.5 [mu] m.   44. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein the virus measurement / evaluation apparatus measures the number of virus particles with a particle counter.   The said virus supply apparatus sprays the said predetermined | prescribed virus liquid with a jet-type nebulizer, The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus of any one of Claims 40 thru | or 44 characterized by the above-mentioned.   46. The floating virus inactivation evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 41 to 45, wherein each of the tanks, the liquid mixing apparatus, and the pump apparatus are arranged in a temperature-adjustable refrigerator.   The floating virus according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein a moving device capable of moving a measurement point by the virus measurement and evaluation device is provided in the evaluation chamber, the position of which can be controlled from the outside. Inactivation evaluation device.

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