JP2012035226A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher which can pulverize materials such as a thinning material, green bamboo and rice straw at once.SOLUTION: The crusher 1 includes: a cylinder-like outer hull 2; two end members 3 and 3' which close the both ends of the outer hull; a rotary shaft member 4 which extends focusing on the axial direction of the cylinder-like outer hull; and a screw fixed to the rotary shaft member, wherein the screw includes an advance screw 5' which goes ahead from one end A toward an end B of another side; and a retreat screw 5" which retreats from the B end toward the A end when the rotary shaft member rotates, between the advance screw and the rotary shaft member in at least a part of the advance screw, the advance screw is missing so as to give a circular space 6 centering on the rotary shaft seeing from the direction of the right angle to the rotary shaft of the rotary shaft member, the retreat screw exists in the space 6, the diameter of the space 6 increases gradually from the A end toward the B end, and the outer diameter of the screw decreases from the B end toward the A end correspondingly.

Description

The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus capable of generating a high shear force and finely pulverizing a solid. The pulverizer can finely dry dry bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo etc. at room temperature dry type or wet in high temperature hot water, and put coarsely pulverized lignite into the pulverizer, By carrying out the pulverization treatment under heating at 150 to 270 ° C. in a state where the pulverizer is sealed, a coal water slurry can be obtained by removing the moisture contained in the lignite out of the coal structure.

The present inventor has previously issued a PCT patent application PCT / JP2008 / 06378 related to the invention of “method of treating lignocellulose or a substance containing cellulose”. High shear of 0.1 to 20 MPa for cores and shafts of bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo, corn, etc. in a sealed container with a stirring blade with a capacity of 20 liters capable of giving the described strong shearing force In order to pulverize to 0.1 to 3 mm using force, the feed raw material size is reduced to 20 to 35 mm in length and width and about 5 to 10 mm in thickness from the feed screw blade pitch 70 mm on the inlet side, and It is preferable to leave it soft for about 12 hours. If the size of the raw material is larger than half the pitch of the blades, the raw material may be caught between the forward screw 12 and the cylindrical container 20 shown in FIG. 1, and the apparatus may vibrate, resulting in an extremely dangerous situation. Further, in the case of a soft material such as rice straw, it may entangle with the stirring shaft 5 and act as a brake between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and cause the motor to seize. A similar apparatus is used in PCT patent application PCT / JP2008 / 070328 relating to the invention of “a highly efficient extraction method of active ingredients from plants or mushrooms” by the present inventor.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-169274 describes a method for producing compost in which harmful microorganisms have been killed, and a pressure / kneading treatment apparatus used therefor. When the bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo and corn cores and shafts are pulverized using a 200 liter kneader, the inner volume shown in Fig. 2 is larger than the pitch of the screw blades. The sample collected between the fixed blade 14 and the feed blade 11, was compressed by a strong rotational force, and the apparatus vibrated, and finally the fixed blade 14 was damaged. Even when this equipment is used, the material to be crushed must be reduced to half the size of the screw pitch (150 mm) or less in advance, and it must be soaked in water for about 12 hours for soft grinding. There wasn't.
Therefore, the present inventor completed the present invention by studying the modification of the blades so that pretreatment is not required even for a raw material that is dry or a material larger than the pitch of the feed screw, and the pulverization can be performed safely.

  In addition, the present inventor has filed a patent application (WO2005 / 007783) for the invention of the “dehydration method of hydrous coal” and a patent application (WO2006 / 030510) for the invention of the “dehydration method of hydrous flammable solid”. It describes that a shearing force of 0.10 to 20 MP is applied to hydrous coal or hydrous combustible solid. The present inventor has filed a patent application for an invention of “a method for producing an artificial zeolite using a slurry reaction method” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-236212).

PCT / JP2008 / 06378 PCT / JP2008 / 070328 JP 2000-169274 A WO2005 / 007783 WO2006 / 030510 JP-A-11-236212

An object of the present invention is to provide a pulverizing apparatus in which the above-described problems are solved. In particular, thinned wood, green bamboo, rice straw, and other samples to be crushed can be crushed using high shear without adding moisture, and crushed to 200 µm or less in one stage. In a sealed state so that it can be pressurized, 0.5 to 4 times the amount of water is added by weight, and heat treatment at 150 to 270 ° C. is performed at a time until pulverization to 20 μm or less. An object is to provide a device that can be used. In particular, in the “manufacturing method of artificial zeolite using slurry reaction method” of JP-A-11-236212, when pulverized waste tiles are zeoliteized with 2 to 3 N sodium hydroxide water, Providing blades that can act as a binder when unreacted sodium hydroxide is dried together with the roof tile zeolite of the product during drying, avoid sticking and clumping to the stirring blade due to uneven flow caused by uneven shear force, and generate high shear force It is to be. The present invention also provides an apparatus suitable for carrying out a chemical reaction for producing a solid material and obtaining a pulverized product.

The present invention relates to a cylindrical outer shell (2), two end members (3, 3 ') closing both ends of the outer shell, and a rotating shaft member extending to the axial center of the cylindrical outer shell (2). (4) In the crusher (1) having the screw (5) fixed to the rotating shaft member, the screw (5) is one end (hereinafter referred to as the A end) when the rotating shaft member rotates. ) From the B end to the other end (hereinafter referred to as the B end) and a retreating screw (5 '') from the B end toward the A end. At least a part of the forward screw (5 ′), between the forward screw (5 ′) and the rotary shaft member (4), is centered on the rotary shaft when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotary shaft of the rotary shaft member (4). The forward screw (5 ′) is missing to give a circular space (6) There is a retracting screw (5 ″) in the space (6), the diameter of the space (6) gradually increases from the A end to the B end, and the corresponding outer diameter of the screw (5 ″) is A pulverizing apparatus (1) characterized by gradually decreasing from a B end toward an A end.

According to the pulverizing apparatus of the present invention, a primary pulverization of a sample such as dried thinned wood, green bamboo, rice straw, etc., which consumes enormous cost and energy for pulverization, to 100 μm or less can be performed, and the weight is 0.5 to 4 times the amount. By adding water and sealing the container and performing a heat treatment at 150 to 270 ° C., secondary pulverization to 20 μm or less can be simultaneously and easily produced in one reactor at a low cost. Moreover, the pulverized lignite is put into the apparatus of the present invention, and the moisture contained in the lignite is discharged out of the coal structure by performing pulverization under heating at 150 to 270 ° C. in a state where the apparatus is sealed. As a result, a coal water slurry can be obtained. Moreover, the chemical reaction which produces | generates a solid substance is performed within the grinding | pulverization apparatus of this invention, and the grind | pulverized product can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway view showing an outline of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sketch of a screw (5) comprising a forward screw (5 ′) and a reverse screw (5 ″) and a cross-sectional view thereof in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the volume of the forward screw, the backward screw, and the gap in the cross section in the rotation axis direction of the apparatus of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, both ends of the cylindrical outer shell (2) are closed by two end members (3, 3 '). There is a rotating shaft member (4) that passes through the central part of the two end members and extends in the axial direction of the cylindrical outer shell, and the rotating shaft member is rotated by a motor (9). The rotary shaft member includes a forward screw (advancing screw) that advances the workpiece from one end (hereinafter referred to as A end) toward the other end (hereinafter referred to as B end) when the rotary shaft member rotates. On the contrary, a retreat screw (5 ″) for retreating the workpiece from the B end toward the A end is fixed. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least a part of the forward screw (5 ′) is perpendicular to the rotary shaft member (4) between the forward screw (5 ′) and the rotary shaft member (4). The forward screw (5 ′) is missing so as to give a circular space (6) centered on the rotating shaft member as viewed from the direction of the reverse screw (5 ″). ) Exists. Hereinafter, this configuration may be expressed as “the backward screw enters inside the forward screw”. The diameter of the space (6), and thus the diameter of the retracting screw, gradually increases from the A end to the B end, and the outer diameter of the screw (5 ″) gradually decreases from the B end to the A end. Is one feature of the device.

The inner diameter side of the blade of the reverse screw (5 ″) is fixed to the rotating shaft member (4) by, for example, welding. The inner diameter side of the forward screw (5 ′) is fixed to the outer diameter side of the blade of the backward screw (5 ″) by, for example, welding. If the pitch of the reverse screw (5 ″) is equal to the pitch of the forward screw (5 ′), it is fixed to the outer diameter side of the blade of the reverse screw (5 ″), for example, by welding at two locations per one rotation of the screw. Will be.
By adopting a configuration in which the backward screw is embedded inside the forward screw as described above, a more uniform shearing force can be obtained in the entire apparatus.

The calculated value of the feed amount of the workpiece conveyed from the A end to the B end by the forward screw (5 ′), and the backward screw (5 ″) in the backward direction from the B end to the A end. It is preferable that the ratio of the return amount of the object to be conveyed to the calculated value is 1: (0.6 to 0.9), particularly 1: (0.65 to 0.85), more particularly 1: (0.7 to 0.8). The flow velocity of the object flowing through the gap between the forward screw (5 ') and the cylindrical outer shell (2) is almost the same as the flow rate of the larger flow rate, that is, the forward flow rate. Desirably, the sum is the same as the flow rate through the forward screw.

A method of calculating the ratio of the feed amount of the forward screw and the backward screw will be described. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the forward screw, the reverse screw, and the gap volume in the cross section of the apparatus. When the pitch of the screw is the same for both forward and backward movement, the feed amount A is proportional to the value obtained by subtracting the volume of the truncated cone 23 of the backward screw portion from the volume of the cylinder 22 (the volume of the screw blade itself is compared). Ignore it because it is small.) The return amount B is proportional to the value obtained by subtracting the volume of the stirring shaft (4) from the volume of the truncated cone. This forward screw feed amount ratio A and return amount ratio, B / A, is a calculated value of the feed amount that transports the sample in the forward direction by the forward screw, and a return that transports the sample in the backward direction by the backward screw. Expressed as a ratio to the calculated amount. When the pitches are different, the feed amount ratio can be obtained by normalizing the feed amount A and the return amount B by the ratio of the forward screw and the reverse screw pitch. The pitch of the forward screw (5 ') and the pitch of the backward screw (5 ") may be the same or different. In any case, the volume of the gap between the forward screw (5 ′) and the cylindrical outer shell (2) (the flow velocity of the object flowing through the gap is almost the same as the flow velocity of the smaller flow rate, so it is normalized by the volume ratio. The ratio of the value obtained by adding the return amount to the feed amount is preferably approximately 0.9 to 1.1. At 1.1 or higher, the flow rate of the workpiece flowing through the gap between the forward screw (5 ′) and the cylindrical outer shell (2) increases, so that the method of applying shearing force decreases. The sample is pressed and hardened and rotation is prevented, causing problems such as motor seizure.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, a baffle projection (baffle protrusion extending in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotary shaft member (4) in the gap between the cylindrical outer shell (2) and the forward screw (5 ′). 7) exists.
Generally, enormous energy and cost are required to pulverize samples (thickness: 200 to 500 mm, thickness: 5 to 10 mm) such as thinned wood, bamboo, and rice straw to 20 to 200 μm with a pulverizer. Therefore, the blades of the single-shaft 20-liter pressurizing and heating type kneader with the stirring blades described in Fig. 1 of the international patent application (PCT / JP2008 / 06378) have been improved. Developed a screw of the type to sink. As a result, a substantially uniform shear force is applied to the entire volume occupied by the forward and backward blades of the cylindrical container, and the processing time is shortened. However, even in this new blade, in a sample larger than the screw pitch and soft and slippery like seaweeds, co-rotation occurred, and the motor current value exceeded a predetermined current value and stopped frequently. Therefore, for such a sample, at least one rail-shaped protrusion 14 (FIG. 1) is provided in the cylindrical device to prevent the sample from rotating in the direction from the inlet to the outlet. , See Fig. 2), the joint rotation was avoided. Using this new high-temperature, high-pressure, high-shearing kneader, samples of dried thinned wood, bamboo, rice straw, seaweed, etc., 150-200 mm long and 5-10 mm thicker than the screw pitch (80 mm) When the sample was sheared at room temperature and normal pressure, the sample was pulverized to a size of 100 μm or less. When 0.5 to 4 times the amount of water by weight was added to this crushed sample and the container was sealed, and heat treatment was performed at 150 to 270 ° C., samples of thinned wood, green bamboo, rice straw, seaweeds, etc. It was confirmed that the particles were pulverized to 20 μm or less.

Further, by using the method described in “Manufacturing Method of Artificial Zeolite Using Slurry Reaction Method” of JP-A-11-236212, crushed waste tiles (1 part by weight) are added with 2 to 3 N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. A reaction for adding (1.2 parts by weight) to zeolitization was carried out using the apparatus according to the present invention. Since this reaction is carried out while removing steam in order to keep the alkali concentration constant, the reaction is in a dry state after completion of the reaction. In the apparatus described in PCT / JP2008 / 06378, the unreacted sodium hydroxide acts as a binder when drying together with the roof tile zeolite of the product, so that the stirring blade back and the forward screw 12 are supported by the drift caused by uneven shearing force. Although the sticking and clumping of the fixing plate 14 on the backward screw 13 was caused, these troubles can be avoided with the apparatus of the present invention, and a finely pulverized zeolite can be obtained by high shearing force. It was confirmed.

FIG. 1 also shows an accompanying part for operating a grinding apparatus having the above-described configuration. An object to be processed is inserted from the object input port (10). The pulverized workpiece is discharged from the discharge port (11). In the vicinity of the inlet (10), it is preferable to provide only the feed screw (8) in the forward direction without providing the reverse screw (5 ''). This has the same or greater pitch than the forward screw (5 ') in order to advance the workpiece without crushing and to deter return from the backward screw (5 "). It is preferable to do. Since the pulverization process is usually a batch process, the workpiece input port (10) is closed and the discharge port is closed after the workpieces are charged, and the discharge port is opened after the processing is completed. And the product is removed. For example, an object selected from bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw and green bamboo is pulverized to an average particle size of 100 μm or less, and 0.5 to 4 times by weight of water is added to the object to be processed. When crushing under heating at 150 to 270 ° C in a sealed state, a gas outlet (12) can be provided to escape the generated steam or generated gas, and the pressure inside the device can be monitored. A Bourdon tube pressure gauge (13) can be provided. In order to pressurize the inside of the apparatus, a pressurization line (14) for introducing a pressurized gas, for example, an inert gas, can be provided. A monitoring device (15) that integrates a thermocouple and pressure transmitter to monitor the temperature and pressure in the grinding area (15), and a monitoring device that integrates a thermocouple and a sanitary oil-free pressure sensor ASG702 (16) Is provided. As shown in the international patent application (PCT / JP2008 / 06378), the flow from the A end and the flow from the B end collide, creating a flow toward the outer wall of the stirring device. It can be detected as pressure at the position (16). It was found that the shearing force obtained by using the detected pressure value and the measured value of the shaft torque was the same as the value measured using the sanitary type oil-free pressure sensor ASG702 of Yamatake Corporation. Therefore, the sensor was used for shear force measurement. Also, a jacket for heating is provided outside the cylindrical shell (not shown).

Examples of substances that can be pulverized to 100 μm or less in one stage using the pulverizer of the present invention (FIG. 1) include wastes such as bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo, corn core and shaft. However, it is not limited to these. In addition, the pulverizing apparatus of the present invention (FIG. 1) can be used as a reactor that can produce a product that is solidified by dehydration or reaction in the form of powder, such as a zeolitic reaction.

As shown in the international patent application (PCT / JP2008 / 06378), the balance between the ability to advance the sample by the advance screw and the ability to return the sample to the back by the backward screw is intentionally broken, and the advance screw causes the advance direction. The ratio of the calculated value of the feed amount for transporting the sample and the calculated value of the return amount for transporting the sample in the backward direction by the backward screw is 1: 0.6 to 0.9, preferably 1: 0.65 to 0.85, more preferably 1. : Set to 0.7 to 0.8. As a result, the flow of the sample is disturbed and the sample is vigorously swallowed. Even if the ratio of the feed amount and the return amount is reversed from the above, it is the same, but it is easy to do as described above from the design of the apparatus. If this ratio is outside the above range, for example, 1: 1, it is impossible to realize fine pulverization to 100 μm or less as intended by the present invention. The reason is probably that the forward flow and the return flow flow relatively orderly, so that high shear force does not occur.

In the present invention, the shear force is further increased by pressurization in the apparatus. In the device shown in Fig. 1, bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo, corn cores or shafts under normal pressure using several stirring blades with a return amount of 0.6 to 1.0 with respect to the feed amount of 1.0 No change in particle size was observed even after pre-grinding to 100 μm or less and then further treatment for 1 hour at room temperature and normal pressure. Accordingly, the pressure was increased to 1.5 MPa with nitrogen gas at room temperature, and after further shearing treatment for 60 minutes, the mixture was pulverized to 1 to 10 μm. Thus, it was observed that the shear force increased by pressurization.

The upper limit of the shear force at the time of crushing (and pre-pulverization) according to the present invention is 20 MPa, preferably 10 MPa, more preferably 5 MPa, still more preferably 3 MPa, and the lower limit is 0.1 MPa, preferably 0.3 MPa, more preferably 0.5 MPa. MPa. If the above upper limit is exceeded, the motor power load becomes large and the processing cost increases, and if it is less than the above lower limit, the pulverization is insufficient.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
Example 1

The sample used in Example 1 has the properties shown in Table 1 below.
Rice bran size Cut to 150-200mm in length Moisture 3.1% by weight

The moisture was measured using an infrared moisture meter FD-720 manufactured by Kett Science Laboratory.

As the stirring device, the stirring device shown in FIG. 1 having an internal capacity of 20 liters and equipped with a 5.5 kW motor was used. First, using a screw with a ratio of calculated feed rate and calculated return amount of 1.0: 0.8, and rotating the stirring blade at 20 rpm, a mixture of 3 kg of rice straw and 9 kg of water was added at room temperature and normal pressure. Put in mouth 10. When charging was completed, the pressure sensor ASG702 (16 in FIG. 1) indicated 1.1 MPa (gauge pressure: the same applies hereinafter). Next, while maintaining the rotation of the blade rotation shaft member (4) at 20 rpm, the internal pressure was increased to 1.8 MPa with nitrogen, heating was started, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 220 ° C. After reaching this temperature, the pressure gauge 213 on the workpiece input (10) side showed 3.0 MPa close to the saturated vapor pressure at this temperature, but the indication of the intermediate pressure sensor 16 was 3.25 MPa. Yes, the motor current value was 25.4 amps (92.4% of maximum load). However, pulverization to 20 μm or less progresses over time, and the pressure sensor 16 (measures the shear force) indicates the pressure gauge 13 at the workpiece input port (10) as the viscosity of the slurry workpiece decreases. Gave the same instructions. The process was continued for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature and motor rotation speed in the cylindrical shell. Then, it cooled to environmental temperature and took out the production | generation slurry. As for the particle size in the produced slurry, almost 100% was 10 μm or less as observed by electron microscope.
Example 2

The sample used in Example 2 has the following properties.
Size of crushed tile 30-30 mesh Moisture 2.1% by weight
The apparatus was used in “Method for producing artificial zeolite using slurry reaction method” in JP-A-11-236212. In order to keep the alkali concentration constant to promote the reaction, the reaction is carried out by adding 10.8 kg of 2N sodium hydroxide water (1.2 by weight) to 9 kg of crushed 30-60 mesh crushed tile waste. It was made to react while removing. For comparison, the same experiment was performed using the apparatus described in the international patent application (PCT / JP2008 / 06378). In the comparative experiment, after the reaction is completed, sticking to the stirring blade or agglomeration occurs due to drift caused by uneven shearing force, but this does not occur in the apparatus according to the present invention, and it is finely pulverized to 60 mesh or less by high shearing force. Zeolite was obtained. In addition, although the CEC (index indicating the adsorption capacity) of the tile zeolite obtained in the comparative experiment was 110, it was as high as 145 in the apparatus according to the present invention.
Example 3

WO2005 / 007783 “Dehydrated method of hydrous coal” using 30 to 100 mesh pulverized product of the same brown coal (moisture 58.8%, ash content 0.4%, volatile content 22.2%) as in Example 3, and the same experimental conditions (treatment temperature 200 ° C., When the treatment time was 1 hour and the treatment was performed at a shearing force of 1.0 MPa, the viscosity of the obtained slurry was 152 cP, and a slurry having a viscosity lower than 900 cP of Example 3 was obtained.
Example 4

WO2006 / 030510 "Dehydration method of hydrous flammable solid" Sample using the same sludge as in Example 2 (water content 52.1%, ash content 16.8%, volatile content 25.4%, fixed carbon 5.7%) and shearing force 0.5MPa The viscosity of the slurry obtained by processing for 40 minutes at the same processing temperature of 170 ° C. with a small amount of input was 427 cP, and the processing time was shortened to 2/3, 40 minutes. A slightly lower viscosity slurry was obtained.
From these results, it can be said that the apparatus according to the present invention generates a uniform shear force in a region where the forward and backward blades are present in the apparatus as compared with the above-described old apparatus of the present inventors.

1. 1. Crusher 2. Cylindrical shell End member (flange)
4). 4. Rotating shaft member 5. Stirrer blade capable of applying shear force 6. Circular space Baffle protrusion (rail shape)
8). Feed screw9. motor
Ten. Sample inlet
11． Sample outlet
12． Gas outlet
13. Bourdon tube pressure gauge
14. Pressure line
15． Monitoring device with integrated thermocouple and pressure transmitter
16． Sanitary type oil-free pressure sensor ASG702 and thermocouple integrated monitoring device

Industrial applicability Conventionally, in order to finely pulverize samples such as bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo and corn cores and shafts, rough grinding equipment such as a cutter mill has been introduced as a pretreatment. It was essential. According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus capable of pulverizing samples such as bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo and corn cores and shafts to be pulverized in a single stage to 100 μm or less using a high shear force in a dry state. To do. In addition, the present invention provides an apparatus that can perform fine pulverization to 20 μm or less by performing high temperature, high pressure, and high shear treatment by adding water 0.5 to 4 times by weight. Alternatively, a product in a powder state can be obtained by carrying out a reaction to give a product solidified by the reaction in the apparatus.

FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway view showing an outline of the apparatus of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a screw (5) comprising a forward screw (5 ′) and a reverse screw (5 ″) and a cross-sectional view thereof in the apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the volume of the forward screw, the backward screw, and the gap in the cross section in the rotation axis direction of the apparatus of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A cylindrical outer shell (2), two end members (3, 3 ') closing both ends of the outer shell, a rotating shaft member (4) extending in the axial center of the cylindrical outer shell (2), And a crusher (1) having a screw (5) fixed to the rotary shaft member, the screw (5) is moved from one end (hereinafter referred to as the A end) to the other when the rotary shaft member rotates. The forward screw (5 ') that moves forward toward the end (hereinafter referred to as the B end) and the backward screw (5' ') that moves backward from the B end toward the A end. At least a part of ') between the forward screw (5') and the rotating shaft member (4) is a circular shape centered on the rotating shaft as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft member (4). The forward screw (5 ′) is missing to provide space (6), and the space (6) There is a retracting screw (5 ″) inside, the diameter of the space (6) gradually increases from the A end to the B end, and the corresponding outer diameter of the screw (5 ″) is from the B end to the A end. A crusher (1) characterized by gradually decreasing toward the surface. The calculated value of the feed amount of the workpiece conveyed from the A end to the B end by the forward screw (5 ′), and the backward screw (5 ″) in the backward direction from the B end to the A end. The pulverization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the return amount of the workpiece to be conveyed to the calculated value is 1: (0.6 to 0.9). The grinding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio is 1: (0.65 to 0.85). The pulverizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio is 1: (0.7 to 0.8). The ratio of the amount of return per unit time to the volume / unit time of the gap between the forward screw (5 ') and the cylindrical outer shell (2) and the feed amount per unit time is 0.9 to 1.1 However, the grinding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The baffle protrusion (7) extending in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotary shaft member (4) in a gap between the cylindrical outer shell (2) and the forward screw (5 '). The grinding apparatus according to any one of the above. The pulverizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a shearing force of 0.3 to 10 MPa is generated. An average particle diameter of an object selected from bagasse, thinned wood, rice straw, wheat straw, green bamboo, corn core or shaft, and seaweed using the grinding apparatus according to claim 1. After pulverizing to 100 μm or less, 0.5 to 4 times by weight of water is added to the object to be processed, and pulverization is performed under heating at 150 to 270 ° C. in a state where the apparatus is sealed, thereby obtaining an average particle size of 20 μm. A method for pulverizing a solid material in which secondary pulverization is performed to the following. The pulverized pulverized coal is put into the pulverizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and is included in the lignite by performing a pulverizing treatment under heating at 150 to 270 ° C in a state where the apparatus is sealed. A method of obtaining a coal water slurry by removing the water that is removed from the coal structure. A method for obtaining a pulverized product by performing a chemical reaction for generating a solid in the pulverizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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