JP2012026426A - Swirling flow turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a turbine that satisfies demands for a small size, higher performance and higher efficiency even in a field of engines and power machines using water, air, gas, steam or the like as a working fluid, to achieve further social development.SOLUTION: A swirling flow turbine is provided, comprising: a suction pipe having a swirl vane inside at a twisting angle of 45° as a reference; and a rotary nozzle having a nozzle flow passage which includes a meridian curve represented by θ=log{r/(ν×R)}-(R-ν×R), a curve (circle) represented by r=R and a curve connecting both curves near the perimeter of the circle r=R. As the rotating flow passage is tubular, the turbine has less frictional loss of a working fluid compared to an impeller type turbine, has a simple structure and is particularly advantageous for reduction in size, microminiaturization, higher efficiency, or the like. The turbine can contribute to the development of new technology using natural energy, various types of exhaust pressure, waste heat and the like in a field of turbine engines, high-speed rotation machines, or the like.

Description

  The present invention relates to an outward flow radial turbine that can efficiently use low pressure, a small amount of hydraulic power, low temperature, low pressure gas, steam, and the like, has a simple structure, and can be miniaturized and miniaturized.

  Turbine has a long history, steam turbines have been researched and developed since the beginning of the industrial revolution, and gas turbines have been developed at the end of the industrial revolution. Among axial flow turbines, for example, for exhaust turbochargers of reciprocating engines, small radial flow (radial) turbines have been frequently used. (See Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2)

In addition, there are micro-turbines for distributed power sources and compact, high energy density portable micro-turbines for portable power sources that are currently in practical use. (See Non-Patent Document 2)
"Gas Turbine", Kazuhiro Sunobe, Kunio Fujie, Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd. 1-7, p. 206-230 “Book of Tocoton-friendly Micro Gas Turbine” written by Kotonori Sato, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, December 28, 2003, first edition, 1 edition, p. 22-29, p. 34-39, p. 135-136

  Currently, turbines are widely used in various power engines for power generation, etc., or in fields such as small, ultra-compact, high-speed rotating machines for polishing and grinding. From the viewpoints of environmental protection and risk exclusion, conventional hydroelectric power generation using huge dams, nuclear power generation, large-scale thermal power generation that consumes a large amount of oil, etc. are accused, and micro hydropower generation with low environmental impact, wind power, solar heat, etc. While power generation using energy and biomass energy called hydrogen and carbon neutral are being used, research and development related to small distributed power sources, various exhaust pressures, and more effective use of exhaust heat have become active. In order to fully respond to changes in social conditions, a turbine that can be operated with lower temperature and lower pressure working fluid, and that can be made smaller and more efficient is required. It is.

  However, a small-sized one that is currently in practical use, for example, a radial flow turbine (inward flow radial turbine) described in Non-Patent Document 1, has a complicated shape outside the suction port located on the outer periphery of the impeller. From the structural problem that the fixed nozzle is required and the flow path is formed by the rotating impeller and the stationary casing, the friction loss of the working fluid and the turbulence of the flow are large, and further performance improvement, It is very difficult to seek miniaturization.

  For this reason, the new structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the weight is low, the temperature and pressure of the working fluid are low, and it can be operated efficiently even when changing. Development of a type turbine is strongly desired.

  FIG. 1 shows the structure of a swirling turbine, and the details of its main part, swirling blade (3), suction pipe (4), rotating nozzle (5) and nozzle flow path (6) are as shown in FIG. The working fluid entering from the tapered suction pipe (1) in FIG. 1 reaches the suction pipe via the insertion plate (2) and is given a turning angle of 45 ° by the swirling blades located inside thereof, and enters the inside of the rotating nozzle. To do.

  The swirl vane reaches from the suction pipe to the inside of the rotary nozzle. As shown in FIG. 3, the speed of the working fluid at the suction port of the nozzle channel (6) located on the inner diameter of the rotary nozzle has an entrance angle of 45 °. The velocity component in both the radius and circumference directions is equal to W.

  Further, in FIG. 3, the working fluid from the nozzle channel suction port to the vicinity of the circumference of the radius R where the discharge port cross-sectional center is located is the working fluid at the nozzle channel discharge port cross-sectional center at the nozzle channel suction port. Is ideally equal to the flow velocity cross section on the circumference of an arbitrary radius r, and θ = log {r / (ν · R)} − (r−ν · R) flows along the Meridian curve, so that the turning speed (absolute speed) at the flow path inlet is not changed, and a rotational force is applied to the flow path wall near the circumference of the radius R. By the reaction, the relative speed (W in the radial direction) is changed by 90 ° in the circumferential direction opposite to the rotation.

  By this change of direction, the working fluid having a relative velocity W (absolute velocity is 0) in the circumferential direction opposite to the rotation on the circumference of the radius of rotation R is left as it is on the circumference of the radius R to the discharge port. Advance and discharge to the outside from the rotating nozzle.

  In the swirling turbine according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the swirling blade (3) in the suction pipe (4) corresponds to a fixed nozzle of a conventional radial flow turbine, and the rotating nozzle (5) corresponds to an impeller. However, the structure is simple, and according to the current precision processing technology, it is easy to miniaturize and further to miniaturize.

  Further, since this turbine has a tubular nozzle flow path (6) inside the rotating nozzle, a rotating blade-shaped flow path and a stationary wall as seen between an impeller and a casing in a conventional radial flow turbine are provided. There are no various problems due to turbulence of streamlines caused by the working fluid flowing at a high speed between them, and the gap between the front of the rotary nozzle and the rear of the suction pipe is for the purpose of suppressing leakage from the location. The left taper double thread is provided on the inner surface in the direction opposite to the rotation. Especially when low pressure working fluid is used, the casing that covers the rotating nozzle is unnecessary, and it is necessary to consider the leakage loss of the working fluid. Absent.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, theoretically, when the peripheral speed at the center of the nozzle channel discharge port cross section is equal to the radius of the working fluid at the nozzle channel suction port and the velocity component in the circumferential direction, Since the discharge speed (absolute speed) of the working fluid becomes zero and all the kinetic energy of the working fluid held at the suction port is converted into the rotational power of the flow path, High efficiency can be expected even with a small size by approaching to the appropriate conditions.

  Compared to conventional impeller-type radial flow turbines and the like, swirling flow turbines have a simple structure, and are particularly superior in terms of miniaturization, ultra-miniaturization, and high efficiency. In the fields of power engines that use steam as working fluid, power machines that perform polishing, grinding, etc. at high speed, and to solve environmental problems that are the biggest issues of modern society, It can be expected to play a major role in technological innovation to make various natural energy such as solar heat, biomass energy, various exhaust pressures, exhaust heat, etc. widely and efficiently available.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a swirling turbine, and all the devices have a structure assuming cutting.
The taper suction pipe (1), the insertion plate (2), the swirl vane (3) and the suction pipe (4) are all located by flange connection and combined to form the suction system, and the rotary nozzle (5), output shaft. (7) and the output shaft support (8) form an output system.

  A swirling blade with a twist angle of 45 ° as a reference reaches from the inside of the suction pipe to the inner diameter of the rotary nozzle, and swirls the working fluid flowing into the suction system from a compressor or the like, and is formed inside the rotary nozzle at an entrance angle of 45 °. Is supplied to the suction port of the nozzle passage (6). A left taper double thread is cut in the front and inner peripheral portions of the rotary nozzle in order to prevent leakage of working fluid from the gap between the rear and outer peripheral portions of the suction pipe due to suction pressure generated by rotation.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cross-sectional area of the channel on the circumference of the arbitrary radius r is equal, θ = log {r / (ν · R)} − (r−ν · R), r = R curve and r = A rotating nozzle that forms a nozzle flow path having a meridian curve that is inscribed in the vicinity of the circumference of the R around the circumference of the R rotates in the flow path wall when the working fluid changes 90 ° in the nozzle flow path. Power is transmitted to subsequent work machines such as a generator and various processing machines via an output shaft supported by a bearing bearing or the like on an output shaft support.

  Schematic diagram of a swirling turbine (cross-sectional view cut by a semicircle of the horizontal axis and inner diameter of the outer tube)   The figure (perspective view) showing the internal arrangement of the suction pipe, the swirl vane, and the rotating nozzle, which are the main parts of the swirling turbine   Image diagram showing changes in working fluid velocity in nozzle flow path inside rotating nozzle of swirling turbine

(1) Tapered suction pipe (2) Insert plate (3) Swivel blade (4) Suction pipe (5) Rotating nozzle (6) Nozzle flow path (7) Output shaft (8) Output shaft support

Claims (4)

  A heated or pressurized fluid, that is, a liquid such as water, a gas such as water, a gas such as air or steam, or a mixture thereof is used as a working fluid, and reaches the inside of the rotary nozzle (5) from the suction pipe (4) shown in FIGS. A number that connects the working fluid swirled in the rotation direction with swirling vanes (3) between the suction port on the inner diameter and the discharge port having a cross section perpendicular to the outer diameter circle with a special curve that curves from the front to the back. A turbine that supplies rotational power by a reaction caused by a change in the speed and direction of the rotating nozzle having a nozzle flow path (6).   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the suction pipe (4) is equipped with a swirl vane (3) formed in a spiral curve with a twist angle of 45 ° as a reference from the axial direction.   The nozzle flow path in the rotary nozzle is formed on the circumference of an arbitrary radius r from the flow path suction port located on the radius ν · R shown in FIG. 3 to the circumference of the circle of radius R where the cross-sectional center of the discharge port is located. The cross-sectional area and the area of the cross-section perpendicular to the cross-sectional center line of the curved pipe portion up to the discharge port thereafter are all equal. Further, the meridian curve of the flow path connects the center of the cross section on the circumference of the arbitrary radius r from the suction port to the periphery of the circle of the radius R where the cross section center of the discharge port is located, and the curve θ = log {r / (Ν · R)} − (r−ν · R), and then is inscribed in the bend, the circumference of the radius R (r = R), and further reaches the discharge port on the circumference.   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front inner surface of the rotary nozzle (5) is prevented from leaking against the centrifugal force acting on the working fluid in the gap with the outer tapered surface of the suction pipe (4). The left two taper screw reverse to the rotation to give the suction pressure to the inside is applied.

Images