JP2012021772A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system which prevents wasting of hot water of a hot water storage tank and suppresses degradation in the water quality of the hot water of the hot water storage tank while suppressing decrease in energy saving property.SOLUTION: The cogeneration system includes an operation control means 5 that is configured to carry out: a circulation control process as a process of suppressing degradation in water quality, which is to be carried out when water quality degradation suppressing timing is reached to suppress the degradation in the water quality of the hot water of a hot water storage tank 2, by controlling an operation of a hot water circulation means 19 to adjust a hot water circulation amount per unit time in a hot water storage circulation passage 18 so that a temperature of hot water heated by a heating means H reaches a target heated temperature; and a suppressing operation processing of determining an operating condition for suppressing water quality degradation, which decreases a total power generation amount of a cogeneration device 1 within a set processing period, than a total power generation amount generated by the cogeneration device 1 when it is assumed that normal operation processing is carried out within a set processing period of time after the water quality degradation suppressing timing, and then operating the cogeneration device 1 based on the determined operating condition for suppressing water quality degradation.

Description

The present invention is a combined heat and power device that generates both electric power and heat,
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
The present invention relates to a cogeneration system configured to execute a water quality lowering suppression process at a water quality lowering suppression timing that suppresses water quality deterioration of the hot water tank.

  Such a cogeneration system is installed in a general household, and the hot water in the hot water tank is circulated through the hot water circulation path in such a manner that the hot water taken out from the bottom of the tank is returned to the upper part of the tank by the hot water circulation means. The hot water flowing through the hot water storage circuit is heated by the heating means, so that the hot water is stored in a state where temperature stratification is formed in the hot water tank, and the hot water stored in the hot water tank is stored in the kitchen, bath, etc. Will be consumed. And in order to suppress that the quality of the hot water of a hot water tank falls, the water quality fall suppression process comes to be performed when it comes to the water quality fall suppression timing which suppresses the water quality fall of the hot water of a hot water tank by the operation control means. ing.

As a conventional example of such a cogeneration system, a plurality of hot water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of hot water in the hot water tank are provided at intervals from the bottom to the upper part of the hot water tank, and are sent from the hot water tank through the hot water channel. When a flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of the hot water is provided and the operation control means is in a low hot water storage temperature state in which at least one detected temperature of the plurality of hot water temperature detection means is lower than a set water quality maintenance temperature. The measurement of the low hot water storage temperature state in which the low hot water storage temperature continues and the integration of the detected flow rate of the flow sensor are started, and the integrated flow rate of the detected flow rate of the flow sensor does not reach the set capacity for hot water replacement determination and In the state where at least one of the hot water temperature detection means is lower than the preset water quality maintenance temperature, the low hot water temperature state duration is set and the low hot water temperature state is allowed. It is configured to discriminate that the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes when the time is reached, and from the normal water supply state and the water supply path that supplies water to the hot water tank through the water supply path and allows hot water to be sent from the hot water tank to the hot water path It is possible to switch to a tank bypass water supply state in which the hot water is supplied to the upstream side of the auxiliary heater provided in the hot water supply path by bypassing the hot water storage tank through the tank bypass water supply path and the hot water supply from the hot water tank to the hot water supply path is stopped. Water supply state switching means is provided, and the operation control means switches the water supply state switching means to the tank detour water supply state as the water quality lowering suppression process, and the circulation control process and power load. It is configured to execute an electric power load following operation process for operating the combined heat and power supply device so as to output a corresponding electric power, and the detected temperatures of all the plurality of hot water temperature detecting means are set to the set water quality maintenance temperature. After the above, when the set water quality maintenance time has elapsed, there is one configured to switch the water supply state switching means to the normal water supply state and end the water quality reduction suppression process (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .)
Incidentally, the set water quality maintenance temperature is set to a predetermined temperature at which hot water quality can be maintained, for example, a temperature slightly lower than the target heating temperature, and the set capacity for hot water replacement determination is set to the capacity of the hot water tank. Has been.
And while the water quality fall suppression process is performed, the water supplied by detouring the hot water storage tank through the tank detour water supply path is heated by the auxiliary heater and supplied to the hot water supply destination.

  Moreover, as another conventional example of such a cogeneration system, the operation control means has a predicted hot water supply thermal load equal to or lower than a hot water supply set value within one day for every set cycle having an integer multiple of a day as a cycle. And a time zone when the predicted power load is less than or equal to the power set value is determined, and the water quality deterioration suppression timing is set within the determined time zone, and hot water of the hot water tank is placed at the bottom of the hot water tank. A drainage passage for draining to the bathtub is connected, and a drainage solenoid valve is provided in the drainage passage, and the operation control means opens the drainage solenoid valve as the water quality lowering suppression process to supply hot water from the hot water tank. There is one that is configured to perform drainage treatment in which the hot water in the hot water tank is replaced with water from the water supply channel (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

Although not described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, in such a cogeneration system, the operation control means includes at least a time-series predicted power load and a time-series predicted hot water supply heat load. The normal operation condition for operating the combined heat and power device is determined so as to cover, and the normal operation process for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operation condition is executed, and in this way, The point that the operation control means is configured to execute normal operation processing is described in Patent Document 3.
Incidentally, in general, normal operating conditions are determined so as to cover at least time-series predicted power load and time-series predicted hot water supply heat load in the set operation period set for one day, etc. Thus, the normal operation process in which the combined heat and power device is operated is executed.

JP 2006-29745 A JP 2006-10282 A JP 2006-127867 A

  By the way, in such a cogeneration system, it is not possible to cover a large hot water supply heat load such as filling a bathtub with hot water heated by heat generated from the combined heat and power supply device. Then, the normal operating conditions are set in advance to store hot water in the hot water storage tank so as to cover the hot water supply heat load before the time when the hot water supply heat load is expected to occur, and the combined heat and power unit is operated under the normal operation condition. Thus, normal operation processing is executed.

In a household with a large hot water supply heat load, a large amount of hot water is stored as hot water is stored in a state where temperature stratification is formed in the hot water storage tank. It is likely that the temperature will be higher than the set water quality maintenance temperature, and since the amount of hot water sent from the hot water tank through the hot water supply passage is large, it is necessary for the integrated flow rate detected by the flow sensor to reach the set capacity for hot water replacement determination. The time is short.
On the other hand, in hot water supply households, when hot water is stored in a state where temperature stratification is formed in the hot water tank, hot water is stored only in the upper part of the hot water tank. It is difficult for the temperature to reach the set water quality maintenance temperature or more, and the amount of hot water sent from the hot water tank through the hot water supply path is small, so the integrated flow rate detected by the flow sensor reaches the set capacity for hot water replacement determination. It takes a long time to complete.

  In other words, in a home with a large hot water supply heat load, the detection temperature of all of the plurality of hot water temperature detection means tends to be in the state of the set water quality maintenance temperature or more. Since the time required to reach the temperature is short, the low hot water temperature state duration time is set. It is difficult to reach the low hot water temperature state allowable time. On the other hand, in the home where the hot water supply heat load is small, the detection temperatures of all the hot water temperature detection means are set. It is unlikely that the temperature will exceed the water quality maintenance temperature, and the time required for the integrated flow rate detected by the flow sensor to reach the set capacity for hot water replacement determination is long, so the low hot water temperature state duration is set Low hot water temperature state It is easy to reach the permissible time, and the cogeneration system disclosed in Patent Document 1 is more likely to be subjected to the water quality lowering process as it is used in a home with a small hot water supply heat load.

  When the circulation control process and the power load follow-up operation process are executed in a household where the hot water supply heat load is small and the sending of hot water from the hot water tank is prohibited as the water quality deterioration suppression process, the predicted hot water supply heat load is Despite being small, the hot water in the entire hot water tank is heated above the set water quality maintenance temperature, so the amount of heat that is extra for the hot water supply heat load increases and the heat dissipation loss from the hot water tank increases. A large amount of energy consumed for heating the hot water is wasted, and energy saving performance is reduced.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the predicted hot water supply load in the day is less than the hot water supply set value and the predicted power load is less than the power set value, that is, both the predicted hot water load and the predicted power load are small. In the time zone, the water quality deterioration suppression timing is set, and as the water quality deterioration suppression processing, the drainage processing is executed, and the hot water in the hot water tank is drained into the bathtub and replaced with water from the water supply channel. Since the hot water in the hot water tank is discharged to the bathtub at a time shifted from the timing of bathing, such as after the bathing time, the hot water in the hot water tank discharged into the bathtub is not used for bathing, If the hot water in the hot water tank is wasted and hot water heated by the heating means remains in the hot water tank, the energy consumed for heating the hot water will be wasted. Reduced energy That.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its object is to reduce the quality of hot water in the hot water tank while preventing the hot water in the hot water tank from being wasted and suppressing the reduction in energy saving. It is to provide a cogeneration system that can suppress the above.

The first characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is a combined heat and power device that generates both electric power and heat,
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
In the cogeneration system configured to execute the water quality lowering suppression process when it comes to the water quality lowering suppression timing that suppresses the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank,
When the operation control means assumes that the normal operation process is executed within the set process period after the water quality decrease suppression timing and the water quality decrease suppression timing as the water quality decrease suppression process, power is generated by the combined heat and power unit. Operating conditions for suppressing water quality reduction that lowers the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power unit within the set processing period than the total power generation amount, and operating the combined heat and power unit based on the operating conditions for suppressing water quality deterioration It is in the point comprised so that the suppression driving | operation process may be performed.

  That is, when the operation control means assumes that the normal operation process is executed within the set process period after the water quality deterioration suppression timing as the water quality deterioration suppression process, the total amount of power generated by the combined heat and power device is assumed. In addition, the operation condition for suppressing water quality reduction that reduces the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power device during the set processing period is determined, and the suppression operation process for operating the combined heat and power device based on the operating condition for suppressing water quality deterioration is executed.

  In other words, in the suppression operation processing, the total power generation amount generated by the combined heat and power device within the set processing period after the water quality reduction suppression timing is made lower than the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power device when it is assumed that the normal operation processing is executed. Therefore, the total amount of heat generated from the combined heat and power unit within the set processing period after the water quality deterioration suppression timing is set to be less than the total amount of generated heat of the combined heat and power unit when the normal operation process is executed. By executing the circulation control process and the suppression operation process as the decrease suppression process, it is assumed that the normal hot water circulation amount is circulated by the hot water circulation means within the set process period after the water quality decrease suppression timing. The total amount of hot water circulated by the hot water circulation means can be reduced.

In this way, within the set processing period, the total amount of hot water circulated by the hot water circulation means is made smaller than the total amount of hot water circulated by the hot water circulation means when it is assumed that the normal operation process is performed, so that from the bottom of the hot water tank. The amount of hot water that is taken out and heated by the heating means and then returned to the upper part of the hot water tank and stored is changed to the amount of hot water sent from the hot water tank through the hot water supply path as hot water is consumed at the hot water supply destination. However, in addition to hot water stored in the upper part of the hot water tank, hot water stored below the hot water also passes through the hot water supply passage as hot water is consumed at the hot water supply destination. When hot water is sent out in that way, the same amount of water will be supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank through the water supply channel, so that the total or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank will be supplied from the water supply channel. Replace with water Came to be, it is possible to suppress the hot water water drop in the hot water tank.
In this way, the circulation control process and the suppression operation process are executed as the water quality deterioration suppression process, and the amount of hot water taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank and heated by the heating means and then returned to the upper part of the hot water tank is normally operated. By making the amount less than when it is assumed that the process is executed, the entire amount or substantially the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank is consumed at the hot water supply destination, while the entire amount or the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank is removed from the water supply channel. So that the hot water in the hot water tank is not wasted and the energy consumed for heating the hot water is not wasted. It becomes possible to suppress a decrease in energy saving.
By the way, by executing the circulation control process and the suppression operation process as the water quality reduction suppression process, it is possible to execute the water quality reduction suppression process without stopping the combined heat and power supply device, thereby reducing the number of start and stop times of the combined heat and power supply device. The durability of the cogeneration system can be improved.
Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system capable of suppressing a decrease in the quality of hot water in a hot water tank while preventing waste of hot water in the hot water tank and suppressing a decrease in energy saving. .

The second characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the above first characteristic configuration,
The operation control means is
The normal operation condition is that the conditions for operating the combined heat and power supply device are determined so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load.

That is, the operation control means determines, as the normal operation condition, a condition for operating the combined heat and power supply device so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, and sets the normal operation condition. Thus, the combined heat and power unit is operated.
As described above, in the normal operation process, the heat / electric power supply device is operated so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, and thus the power generated by the heat / electric power supply device is required. It can be avoided that the electric power is larger or insufficient than the electric power to be generated, or the electric power is excessively larger than the required electric power, and the amount of hot water stored by the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device is larger than the required amount of hot water. It can be avoided that the amount of water is excessive and larger than the required amount of hot water.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a cogeneration system that can generate electric power without excess or deficiency and store hot water without excess or deficiency.

The third feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the above first or second feature configuration,
The operation control means is
Based on at least a time-series predicted power load and a time-series predicted hot water supply heat load as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set processing period. It is in the point comprised so that the driving | running condition which can be expected to be replaced with the water from is determined.

  That is, the operation control means determines that the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank is within the set processing period based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. The operating conditions that can be predicted to be replaced with water from the water supply channel are determined.

In the water quality reduction control process, the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power unit within the set processing period after the water quality deterioration suppression timing is set lower than the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power unit when it is assumed that the normal operation process is executed. The total amount of heat generated by the combined heat and power unit during the processing period is less than the total amount of heat generated by the combined heat and power unit when the normal operation process is executed. Tends to be insufficient with respect to the total power load, and the total amount of stored hot water stored in the hot water storage tank with the amount of heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device tends to be insufficient with respect to the total hot water supply heat load.
Therefore, based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load as the operating conditions for suppressing water quality deterioration, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is removed from the water supply channel within the set processing period. The operating conditions that can be predicted to be replaced with water are determined, and the total power generation amount of the combined heat and power unit is insufficient with respect to the total power load within the setting processing period, and the hot water storage tank within the setting processing period The total amount of hot water stored in the hot water tank is made short of the total hot water supply heat load, so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank or almost the entire amount is replaced with water from the water supply channel within the set processing period. Thus, it is possible to further suppress a decrease in energy saving.

The fourth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the third feature configuration described above,
The operation control means is configured to determine at least one of an operation time zone and a power generation output as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration.

That is, the operation control means determines at least one of the operation time zone and the power generation output as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration.
That is, when the operation time zone is set as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, it becomes shorter than the operation time zone of the combined heat and power device when it is assumed that the normal operation processing is executed within the set processing period after the water quality deterioration suppression timing. If the operation time zone is determined and the power generation output is determined, the power generation output is set to be smaller than the power generation output of the combined heat and power unit when it is assumed that the normal operation processing is executed within the set processing period after the water quality deterioration suppression timing. Determine.
Then, by setting at least one of the operation time zone and the power generation output as the operation condition for suppressing the deterioration of water quality, the total amount or almost the total amount of the hot water in the hot water tank is reduced from the water supply channel within the set processing period. Since it is possible to determine an operating condition that can be predicted to be accurately replaced, it is possible to accurately replace all or substantially all of the hot water in the hot water storage tank with water from the water supply channel within the set processing period.

The fifth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the third feature configuration described above,
The operation control means is
As the operating condition for suppressing water quality deterioration,
When it is assumed that the combined heat and power device is operated in the first cycle in the setting period in which a plurality of cycles including a plurality of management times are continuous and the combined heat and power device is stopped in the remaining cycle. In addition, when the setting determination period elapses even after operation, the effective time period in which the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is replaced with water from the water supply channel and the operation merit by the operation is increased. , Based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load,
A condition is set to operate the combined heat and power supply apparatus using the determined effective time period as an operation time period, and to stop the combined heat and power supply apparatus using a time period other than the operation time period in the setting determination period as a stop time period. It is in the point.

  That is, the operation control means operates the combined heat and power unit in the first period in the setting determination period in which a plurality of periods including a plurality of management times continue as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the combined heat and power unit in the remaining period. When it is assumed that it will stop, during the first cycle, when the setting judgment period elapses even during operation, the entire amount or almost the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank will be replaced with water from the water supply channel and operation. The effective time zone during which the operating merit is increased is calculated based on at least the time-series predicted power load and time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, and the combined heat and power unit is operated using the determined effective time zone as the operation time zone. In addition, a condition for stopping the combined heat and power supply device is determined by setting a time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period as a stop time zone. Incidentally, the setting determination period corresponds to the setting process period.

And since the combined heat and power device is operated based on the operation condition for water quality deterioration suppression determined in this way, the combined heat and power device is operated in a state where the operation merit is high in the operation time zone in the setting determination period. In the stop time period in the setting determination period, the combined heat and power device is stopped. In the operation time period in the setting determination period, heat is generated from the combined heat and power supply apparatus, so that the circulation control process is executed. The hot water in the hot water tank is circulated through the hot water circulation path in a state where the hot water circulation amount per unit time is adjusted so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes the target heating temperature. Since no heat is generated from the combined heat and power supply device during the stop time period in the setting determination period, the hot water is circulated in the hot water storage circuit. Supposed to operate the hot water circulating means is controlled to stop, hot water circulation of the hot water tank through the hot-water storage circulation path is to be stopped.
Then, in the stop time zone in the setting determination period, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is sent through the hot water supply path while the hot water circulation in the hot water storage tank through the hot water storage circulation path is stopped. Therefore, the same amount of hot water as the amount of hot water delivered will be supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank through the water supply channel and stored, and during the setting judgment period, all or almost all of the hot water in the hot water tank will be stored in the water from the water supply channel. It can be made to replace exactly.
Therefore, while operating the combined heat and power supply device so that the operation merit is increased, the water quality deterioration suppressing process can be performed so that the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank can be replaced within the set processing period. became.

The sixth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the fifth feature configuration described above,
The operation control means is
As the operating condition for suppressing water quality deterioration,
For each of the plurality of setting determination periods having different numbers of cycles, the effective time period is obtained, and the combined heat and power supply is set with the effective time period of the setting determination period in which the operation merit is increased among the plurality of setting determination periods as the operation time period. The condition is that the condition for stopping the combined heat and power device is determined by setting a time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period during which the device is operated and the operation merit is high as a stop time zone.

  In other words, the operation control means obtains an effective time zone for each of a plurality of setting determination periods having different numbers of cycles as the operation condition for suppressing the deterioration of water quality, and the setting determination in which the operation merit is increased in the plurality of setting determination periods. A condition for stopping the combined heat and power device is determined using a time zone other than the operating time zone in the setting determination period during which the combined heat and power device is operated with the effective time zone of the period as the operating time zone and the operation merit is increased.

  When it is assumed that the combined heat and power unit is operated in the first period in the setting determination period and the combined heat and power supply unit is stopped in the remaining period, when the setting determination period elapses even in the first period, the hot water storage tank In determining the effective time zone in which the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water is to be replaced and in which the operating merit of operation is high based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load When the effective time zone is obtained for each of the plurality of setting determination periods having different numbers of cycles, the driving merit corresponding to each obtained effective time zone is different.

Therefore, an effective time zone is obtained for each of a plurality of setting determination periods with different numbers of cycles, and the operating time period of the setting determination period in which the driving merit is increased among the plurality of setting determination periods as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. Set the conditions for stopping the combined heat and power system during the stop time period other than the operating time period in the setting judgment period when the combined heat and power unit is operated and the operation merit is high, and the water quality deterioration control is set By operating the combined heat and power supply device under the operating conditions, the combined heat and power supply device can be operated so that the operation merit is as high as possible.
Therefore, it is possible to perform the water quality deterioration suppressing process so that the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank can be replaced within the set processing period while operating the combined heat and power supply device as much as possible. Became.

The seventh feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the fifth or sixth feature configuration described above,
The operation control means controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device so as to output electric power according to an electric load during the operation time period in the setting determination period, and in the stop time period in the setting determination period. The operation of the cogeneration apparatus is controlled so as to stop the power generation.

That is, the operation control means controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device so as to output the electric power according to the power load during the operation time period in the setting determination period, and stops the power generation in the stop time period during the setting determination period. Thus, since the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is controlled, the power load, that is, the actual power load required by the power consuming device can be covered more appropriately in the operation time period in the setting determination period.
Therefore, the water quality deterioration suppression process is performed so that the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank can be replaced while operating the combined heat and power supply so that the operating merit is as high as possible and the power load can be covered more appropriately. It became possible to do.

The eighth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is a cogeneration system having the same premise configuration as the first feature configuration described above.
The operation control means is configured to execute a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation means so as to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank as the water quality deterioration suppressing process.

  That is, the operation control means executes a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation means so as to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank as the water quality deterioration suppressing process.

In other words, the circulation stop process is executed as the water quality reduction suppression process, so that the hot water circulation in the hot water tank through the hot water storage circuit is stopped, so the hot water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank and heated by the heating means. After the hot water is not returned to the upper part of the hot water tank, the hot water in the hot water tank flows upward and the hot water in the hot water tank is sent out through the hot water path as hot water is consumed at the hot water supply destination. Thus, when hot water is sent out, the same amount of water will be supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank through the water supply channel, and the total or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank will be replaced with water from the water supply channel. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the quality of the hot water in the hot water tank.
Incidentally, while executing the circulation stop process, the combined heat and power supply device may be stopped, or while providing the radiator that radiates the heat generated in the combined heat and power supply apparatus, while executing the circulation stop process, The cogeneration apparatus may be operated in a state where the heat generated by the cogeneration apparatus is radiated by the radiator.

In this way, by executing the circulation stop process as the water quality reduction suppressing process, the hot water is not taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank and heated by the heating means and then returned to the upper part of the hot water tank. It is possible to replace all or almost all of the hot water in the hot water tank at the hot water supply destination, while allowing all or almost all of the hot water in the hot water tank to be replaced with water from the water supply channel. Therefore, it is possible to prevent waste of the hot water and not to waste energy consumed for heating the hot water.
By the way, when the circulation stop process is executed as a water quality reduction suppression process, when operating the combined heat and power unit and dissipating the heat generated in the combined heat and power unit by the radiator, the combined heat and power supply unit is executed during the circulation stop process. In order to reduce the amount of wasted heat, the cogeneration device is operated with a power generation output smaller than the power load while the circulation stop process is performed. Is preferable.
In short, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system capable of suppressing deterioration of the quality of hot water in the hot water tank while preventing waste of hot water in the hot water tank and suppressing a decrease in energy saving. .

The ninth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is a cogeneration system having the same premise configuration as the first feature configuration described above.
In the case where the operation control means is in the operation of the combined heat and power device and the hot water circulating means is operating when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing, the hot water and water supply device is in operation. When the operation stop condition for stopping the operation is satisfied and the operation stop condition is satisfied and the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means are stopped, the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank is Until it is determined that the temperature is within the set low temperature range, standby hot water replacement processing for stopping the operation of the heating means and the operation of the hot water circulation means is performed.

That is, the operation control means stops the operation of the combined heat and power supply device when the combined heat and power supply device is operating and the hot water circulation means is operating when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing. The system waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied, that is, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means are continued.
When the operation stop condition is satisfied and the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means are stopped, the combined heat and power supply device until it is determined that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set low temperature range. The stand-by hot water replacement process for stopping the operation and the operation of the hot water circulation means is executed.
By the way, when it is time to suppress the deterioration of water quality, if the operation of the combined heat and power unit is stopped and the hot water circulation means is stopped, the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank must be within the set low temperature range. Until it is determined, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulating means may be stopped.

Thus, when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, when the combined heat and power supply device is operating and the hot water circulating means is operating, the system waits until the operation stop condition for stopping the combined operation of the combined heat and power supply device is satisfied. In this way, the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means are avoided for the water quality deterioration suppressing process. When the cogeneration device is in operation and the hot water circulation means is in operation, compared with the case where the operation of the cogeneration device is stopped and the operation of the hot water circulation means is stopped for the water quality lowering control process, Suppressing the increase in the number of start and stop times of the combined heat and power supply device and hot water circulation means due to the water quality deterioration suppressing process, and increasing the number of start and stop times, the combined heat and power supply device and hot water circulation means are inferior. It becomes capable of suppressing that.
In other words, the combined heat and power supply device becomes hot when activated, and becomes cold when stopped, and there is a possibility that it will deteriorate due to repeated thermal stress due to temperature changes accompanying activation and deactivation. By suppressing the increase in the number of stops, deterioration of the combined heat and power supply device can be suppressed.
Also, the hot water circulation means is actuated by a load (torque) for hot water circulation when activated, and becomes unloaded when stopped, and when activated from the stop, Since the load is suddenly applied, the rapid load fluctuation may be repeated and deteriorated, but by suppressing the increase in the number of starting and stopping, deterioration of the hot water circulation means can be suppressed. It is.
Accordingly, it is possible to perform the water quality lowering suppressing process while suppressing deterioration of the combined heat and power supply device and the hot water circulating means.

The tenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the ninth characteristic configuration described above,
In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, When the standby time is equal to or longer than the standby allowable time, the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means are forcibly stopped, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is a temperature within the set low temperature range. Until it is determined, the forced stop type hot water replacement process for stopping the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means is performed.

  In other words, the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied when the cogeneration apparatus is operating and the hot water circulation means is in operation when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. And when waiting in such a way, if the waiting time is longer than the waiting allowable time, the operation of the combined heat and power supply and the operation of the hot water circulation means are forcibly stopped, and then the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is set. Until it is determined that the temperature is within the low temperature range, forced stop hot water replacement processing for stopping the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulating means is executed.

In other words, in the general household, the combined heat and power device is often used in such a manner that it is operated in a specific time zone of the day and stopped in other time zones. In homes and the like where there is a large amount of use, it may be possible to continuously operate the combined heat and power unit for several days. Therefore, when the standby time is equal to or longer than the allowable standby time (for example, 24 hours), water quality deterioration can be appropriately suppressed by performing forced stop hot water replacement processing.
Therefore, even under the situation where the heating means is continuously operated, it is possible to accurately suppress the deterioration of water quality.

The eleventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the ninth or tenth characteristic configuration described above,
In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, During the standby, when it is determined that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is a temperature within the set low temperature range, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is a temperature within the set high temperature range. When it is determined, the standby-type hot-water replacement process is configured to be stopped.

In other words, the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied when the cogeneration apparatus is operating and the hot water circulation means is in operation when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. In such a standby state, when it is determined during the standby that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set low temperature range, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set high temperature range. If it is determined that the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank has been reduced, the deterioration of the hot water in the hot water tank has been suppressed. Will be canceled.
Therefore, it has become possible to avoid unnecessary performing the water quality reduction suppressing process.

The twelfth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the above eighth to eleventh characteristic configuration,
The operation control means is
The normal operation condition is that the conditions for operating the combined heat and power supply device are determined so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load.

That is, the operation control means determines, as the normal operation condition, a condition for operating the combined heat and power supply device so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, and sets the normal operation condition. Thus, the combined heat and power unit is operated.
As described above, in the normal operation process, the heat / electric power supply device is operated so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, and thus the power generated by the heat / electric power supply device is required. It can be avoided that the electric power is larger or insufficient than the electric power to be generated, or the electric power is excessively larger than the required electric power, and the amount of hot water stored by the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device is larger than the required amount of hot water. It can be avoided that the amount of water is excessive and larger than the required amount of hot water.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a cogeneration system that can generate electric power without excess or deficiency and store hot water without excess or deficiency.

The thirteenth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to twelfth feature configurations,
When the time during which the operation control means continues the state in which the total amount or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is not replaced with water from the water supply channel is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement allowable time, the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. The point is that it is configured to discriminate.

That is, since the hot water taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank is heated by the heating means and then returned to the upper part of the hot water tank, the hot water in the hot water tank is circulated through the hot water circulation circuit. As hot water is sent from the top of the hot water tank through the hot water supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank through the water supply channel, the hot water immediately flows to the upper part of the hot water tank through the hot water circulation path. The hot water supplied to the hot water storage tank after the hot water supplied to the tank is first sent through the hot water supply path.
Because of this, there is a risk that hot water stays in the hot water tank for a long time, and hot water that stays in the hot water tank circulates and heats through the hot water circulation circuit. Since it is difficult to suppress the deterioration of water quality even if heated by means, if the state where the total or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is not replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel continues for a long time, the quality of the hot water in the hot water tank will deteriorate. There is a risk of doing.
Therefore, as the set non-replaceable allowable time, even if the state in which the total amount or almost the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank is not replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel continues, the hot water quality can be maintained in a good state. Set.
And the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is determined by determining that it is the water quality deterioration suppression timing when the time for which the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank does not change is longer than the set non-replacement allowable time. Or the water quality fall suppression timing for suppressing that water quality falls by the state where substantially the whole quantity does not change continues can be discriminate | determined exactly.
Therefore, since the water quality deterioration suppression timing can be accurately determined, it is possible to accurately suppress the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank.

The fourteenth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to twelfth feature configurations,
The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Non-heated storage in which hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being heated by the heating means after hot water is supplied through the water supply channel based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank The hot water whose time is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, and the non-reheating storage time in which the hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being reheated by the heating means after being heated by the heating means If it is determined that there is at least one of hot and cold water that is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, it is determined that it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

  That is, when hot water stored in a non-heated state without being heated by the heating means is present in the hot water storage tank, the quality of the hot water in the hot water storage tank may be deteriorated.

By the way, when hot water is consumed at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply channel, the same amount of hot water sent through the hot water supply channel from the upper part of the hot water storage tank flows through the hot water supply channel while the hot water flows upward in the hot water storage tank. When the hot water was circulated in the hot water tank, it was taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank to the hot water circulation path. After the hot water is heated by the heating means, it is returned to the upper part of the hot water tank, and when the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage and the circulation of hot water through the hot water circulation passage are performed in parallel, the water supply passage Of the water supplied through the hot water stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank after the portion heated to the target heating temperature by the heating means passes through the hot water circulation path and is heated by the heating means. And sent out through the hot water path with the rest It will be stored in the bottom portion of the hot water tank.
And in view of the hot water flow in and out of the hot water storage tank and the flow of hot water in the hot water storage tank, based on time-series water supply amount data, time-series hot water circulation amount data, and hot water tank capacity data. For hot water in the hot water tank, it is possible to grasp whether the hot water is not heated by the heating means or the hot water heated by the heating means, and for non-heated hot water, the non-heating storage time is managed, The non-reheat storage time can be managed for hot water heated by the heating means.

Therefore, even if the hot water is supplied through the water supply channel and stored in the hot water storage tank without being heated by the heating means as the set non-heating allowable time, the quality of the hot water is maintained in a good state. In a time when the hot water is heated by the heating means and is maintained in the hot water storage tank without being reheated by the heating means, the hot water quality can be maintained in a good state. Set.
When it is determined that there is at least one of hot water whose non-heating storage time is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time and hot water whose non-reheating storage time is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, it is determined that it is the timing for suppressing water quality deterioration. By doing so, it is possible to accurately determine the water quality deterioration suppression timing for suppressing the deterioration of the quality of hot water in the hot water tank due to the presence of hot water stored in a non-heated state for a long time.
Therefore, since the water quality deterioration suppression timing can be accurately determined, it is possible to accurately suppress the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank.

The fifteenth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to twelfth feature configurations,
The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank, when it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time stays in the hot water tank after being supplied through the water supply channel is equal to or longer than a set retention allowable time. In this point, it is configured to discriminate when the water quality lowering suppression timing comes.

That is, hot water that stays in the hot water storage tank has a long staying time in the hot water tank because it is difficult to suppress deterioration in water quality even if it is circulated through the hot water storage circulation path and heated by the heating means. There is a risk that the quality of the hot water in the hot water tank will deteriorate.
And, with the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply path and the circulation of hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water storage circulation path, as described in the description of the fourteenth characteristic configuration, hot water for the hot water storage tank Since the hot water flows in and out of the hot water storage tank, considering the hot water flow in and out of the hot water tank and the hot water flow in the hot water tank, time-series water supply data, time-series hot water Based on the circulation amount data and the capacity data of the hot water tank, it is possible to manage the residence time in the hot water tank for the hot water in the hot water tank.

Therefore, as the set residence allowance time, the state where hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank is continued regardless of whether it is stored without being heated by the heating means or stored after being heated by the heating means. However, the time is set so that the water quality can be maintained in a good state.
When it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time is equal to or longer than the set residence allowable time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. It is possible to accurately determine the water quality deterioration suppression timing for suppressing the water quality from decreasing.
Therefore, since the water quality deterioration suppression timing can be accurately determined, it is possible to accurately suppress the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of the cogeneration system which concerns on embodiment The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the water supply amount data per time for management time series and the hot water circulation amount data per time series management time The figure which shows the block division of the hot water of the hot water tank in 2nd embodiment The figure which shows the block division of the hot water of the hot water tank in 3rd Embodiment The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in 3rd Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in 5th Embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system recovers the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 as a cogeneration device that generates electric power and heat, and the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 with cooling water, and uses the cooling water. From the hot water storage / heating unit 4 for storing hot water in the hot water tank 2 and supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3, the operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water storage / heating unit 4, etc. It is configured. Incidentally, as the heat consuming terminal 3, a floor heating device, a bathroom heating dryer, a fan convector or the like is provided.

Since the fuel cell 1 is well-known, a detailed description and illustration thereof will be omitted. Briefly, the fuel cell 1 includes a cell stack that generates power by being supplied with a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxygen-containing gas. A fuel gas generation unit that generates fuel gas to be supplied to the cell stack, a blower that supplies air as an oxygen-containing gas to the cell stack, and the like are provided.
The fuel gas generation unit includes a desulfurizer for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel gas such as a supplied city gas (for example, a natural gas-based city gas), a desulfurized raw fuel gas supplied from the desulfurizer, A reformer that generates a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen by reforming reaction with steam supplied separately, and carbon monoxide in the reformed gas supplied from the reformer with carbon dioxide. A carbon monoxide remover that selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas supplied from the transformer with selective oxidation air supplied separately. The reformed gas reduced by the shift treatment and the selective oxidation treatment is supplied to the cell stack as the fuel gas.

And it is comprised so that the electric power generation output of the said fuel cell 1 may be adjusted by adjusting the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the said fuel gas production | generation part.
A grid interconnection inverter 6 is provided on the power output side of the fuel cell 1, and the inverter 6 has the same voltage and the same frequency as the received power for receiving the generated power of the fuel cell 1 from the commercial power supply 7. Is configured to do.
The commercial power supply 7 is electrically connected to a power consuming device 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine via a received power supply line 8.
The inverter 6 is electrically connected to the received power supply line 8 via the generated power supply line 10, and the generated power of the fuel cell 1 is supplied to the power consuming device 9 via the inverter 6 and the generated power supply line 10. Is configured to do.

The received power supply line 8 is provided with power load measuring means 11 for measuring the power load of the power consuming device 9, and the power load measuring means 11 generates a reverse power flow in the current flowing through the received power supply line 8. It is configured to detect whether or not.
The electric power supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the received power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that a reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the power generation output is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. 12 is configured to be supplied.

The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, and is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15. ON / OFF is switched by the connected operation switch 14.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the amount of surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the amount of surplus power increases. Yes.
The configuration for adjusting the power consumption of the electric heater 12 is a configuration for adjusting the output of the electric heater 12 by, for example, phase control or the like in addition to the configuration for switching ON / OFF of the plurality of electric heaters 12 as described above. You may adopt.

  The hot water storage / heating unit 4 is supplied with water through a water supply path 16 connected to the bottom and is supplied with hot water through a hot water supply path 17 connected to the top. A hot water circulation pump 19 as hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water storage circulation path 18 in a returning form, a heat source circulation pump 21 for circulating the hot water for heat source through the heat source circulation path 20, and a heat medium circulation path. A heat medium circulating pump 23 that circulates and supplies a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 through 22, a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 that heats hot water flowing through the hot water storage circuit 18, and a heat source circuit 20. The heat source heat exchanger 25 for heating the heat source hot water to be heated, the heat exchanger for heat medium heating 26 for heating the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22, and the hot water storage tank 2 are used for the supply. Comprise such auxiliary heater 27 for heating the hot water heat source flowing through the hot water and the heat source circulating passage 20 flows through the road 17 is constructed.

The cooling water circulation passage 13 is provided with a parallel flow passage portion in which a flow passage portion provided with the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and a flow passage portion provided with the heat source heat exchanger 25 are connected in parallel. A branch valve 28 for adjusting the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side is provided at a branch portion of Is provided.
The diversion valve 28 allows the entire amount of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the entire amount of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is comprised so that it can also be made.
In addition, a radiator 29 that cools the cooling water that returns to the fuel cell 1 is provided in a return channel portion that returns from the parallel channel portion to the fuel cell 1 in the cooling water circulation path 13. Further, the return channel portion A cooling water return temperature sensor Sr for detecting the temperature of the cooling water returning to the fuel cell 1 is provided at a location between the radiator 29 and the fuel cell 1 in FIG.

The hot water storage circuit 18 is connected to the bottom and top of the hot water tank 2, and the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 passes through the hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water storage circuit 18 and the cooling circuit 13. It is provided so as to exchange heat with the flowing coolant of the fuel cell 1.
The hot water circulating pump 19 circulates the hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water circulation path 18 in such a manner that the hot water taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 is returned to the upper part of the hot water tank 2, so The hot water circulated through the circulation path 18 is heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 so that the hot water is stored in a state where a temperature stratification is formed in the hot water tank 2.
A hot water storage temperature sensor Sh for detecting the temperature of the hot water heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and supplied to the hot water tank 2 is provided at a location downstream of the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 in the hot water storage circuit 18. It has been.

  That is, the heating means H generates hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path 18 by the heat generated in the fuel cell 1, so that the cooling water circulation path 13, the cooling water circulation pump 15, the hot water storage circulation path 18, and the hot water A circulation pump 19 and the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 are provided.

  The hot water supply passage 17 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 through a location downstream of the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh in the hot water storage circulation passage 18, and the water supply passage 16 is The hot water storage circuit 18 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 through a location upstream of the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the hot water storage tank 17 through the hot water supply path 17. The hot water is sent to a hot water supply destination such as a stopper and a shower. As hot water is sent from the hot water storage tank 2, water is supplied to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2 through the water supply path 16.

  By the way, the hot water supply path 17 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18, and the water supply path 16 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18. When hot water is not consumed at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply path 17 and only hot water is circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18, hot water is supplied from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 to the hot water storage circuit 18. After being taken out and heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, it is returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2, but hot water consumption at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18. When the circulation is performed in parallel, the hot water flows in the form described below.

  That is, normally, the amount of hot water consumed at the hot water supply destination per unit time is larger than the amount of hot water circulated in the hot water storage circuit 18 per unit time. When the hot water circulation through the water circulation path 18 is performed in parallel, a part of the water supplied in the water supply path 16 is directly supplied to the hot water storage tank 2 without being supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2. The water is supplied to the circulation path 18, the remainder is supplied to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2, and the water directly supplied to the hot water storage circulation path 18 is heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and then returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2. Instead, the hot water supplied from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied to the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply path 17.

  The heat source circulation path 20 is provided so as to form a circulation path in a state where a part of the hot water supply path 17 is shared, and the heat source circulation path 20 is used for a heat source for intermittently passing the heat source hot water. An intermittent valve 30 is provided.

The auxiliary heater 27 includes an auxiliary heating heat exchanger h provided in a shared portion of the hot water supply path 17 with the heat source circulation path 20, a burner b for heating the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h, and the burner. a fan f for supplying combustion air to b, an inflow temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the inflow temperature of hot water flowing into the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h, hot water flowing out from the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h An outflow temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the outflow temperature, a flow rate sensor (not shown) for detecting the flow rate of hot water flowing into the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h, and the like are provided. Is controlled by the operation control unit 5.
The operation control of the auxiliary heater 27 by the operation control unit 5 will be briefly described. The inflow temperature detected by the inflow temperature sensor is set heating when the flow rate sensor detects a flow rate higher than a set flow rate. When the temperature is lower than the temperature, the burner b is combusted, and the combustion amount of the burner b is adjusted so that the outflow temperature detected by the outflow temperature sensor becomes the set heating temperature. When the detected flow rate of the flow sensor becomes less than the set flow rate, the burner b is extinguished. Incidentally, the set heating temperature is based on a target hot water supply temperature set by a temperature setting unit (not shown) of the remote control operation unit 5a of the cogeneration system when the operation of the heat consuming terminal 3 is stopped. When it is set and the heat consuming terminal 3 is in operation, it is set to a predetermined temperature set in advance.

The heat source heat exchanger 25 is provided so as to exchange heat between the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 and the hot water for heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20. The heat exchanger 25 for heat is configured to heat the hot water for the heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20 with the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13.
The heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 is provided so as to exchange heat between the heat source hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20 and the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22. In the heat exchanger 26 for heating, the heat medium that is heated by the heat source heat exchanger 25 and the auxiliary heater 27 and flows through the heat medium circulation path 22 is heated with hot water for the heat source that flows through the heat source circulation path 20. Is configured to do.

  The hot water tank 2 has a hot water temperature sensor St for detecting the temperature of hot water at the upper part thereof, and the temperature of hot water at the upper end portion of the middle layer portion of the hot water tank 2 divided into approximately three equal parts in the vertical direction. An intermediate upper hot water temperature sensor Sm, an intermediate lower hot water temperature sensor Sn for detecting the temperature of hot water at the lower end of the middle layer of the hot water tank 2, and a bath bottom hot water temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of hot water at the bottom of the hot water tank 2. Sb is provided, and the water supply channel 16 is provided with a water supply temperature sensor Si for detecting the temperature of the water supplied to the hot water tank 2.

The operation control unit 5 stores the amount of stored hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 based on the detected temperatures of the hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, Sb and the feed water temperature sensor Si at the tank upper part, middle upper part, middle lower part, and tank bottom part. The procedure for calculating the amount of stored hot water will be described below.
The temperatures of hot water in the hot water tank 2 detected by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St, the intermediate upper hot water temperature sensor Sm, the intermediate lower hot water temperature sensor Sn, and the tank bottom hot water temperature sensor Sb are respectively Tt, Tm, Tn. , Tb, the feed water temperature detected by the feed water temperature sensor Si is Ti, and the capacities of the upper layer portion, the middle layer portion, and the lower layer portion are V (liters).
Further, assuming that the weighting coefficient in the upper layer part is A1, the weighting coefficient in the middle layer part is A2, and the weighting coefficient in the lower layer part is A3, the stored hot water calorie (kcal) is calculated by the following (Equation 1). be able to. In this embodiment, the unit of calorie may be indicated by kcal, but it is obtained as a unit of kWh by dividing each value by the coefficient α set to 860 based on the relationship of 1 kWh = 860 kcal. be able to.

Hot water storage heat amount = (A1 × Tt + (1−A1) × Tm−Ti) × V
+ (A2 * Tm + (1-A2) * Tn-Ti) * V
+ (A3 * Tn + (1-A3) * Tb-Ti) * V (Equation 1)

  The weighting factors A1, A2, A3 are empirical values considering past temperature distribution data in each layer of the hot water tank 2. Here, as A1, A2, A3, for example, A1 = A2 = 0.2 and A3 = 0.5. A1 = A2 = 0.2 indicates that the influence of the temperature Tm is larger than the influence of the temperature Tt in the upper layer portion. This indicates that 80% of the upper layer is close to the temperature Tm, and 20% is close to the temperature Tt. The same applies to the middle layer portion. In the lower layer part, it shows that the influence of temperature Tn and Tb is the same.

  The hot water supply passage 17 is provided with hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 for measuring the hot water supply heat load when hot water is supplied to the hot water supply destination, and the terminal heat for measuring the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3. A load measuring means 32 is also provided. Although not shown, the hot water supply thermal load measuring means 31 and the terminal thermal load measuring means 32 are a load detection temperature sensor that detects the temperature of flowing hot water or heat medium, and the flow rate of hot water or heat medium. A load detection flow sensor for detecting the thermal load based on the detected temperature of the load detection temperature sensor, the detected flow rate of the load detection flow sensor, and the detected temperature of the feed water temperature sensor Si. It is configured as follows.

Further, a hot water / water change detection means 33 is provided for detecting a change state in which the total amount or substantially the entire amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel 16.
In this 1st Embodiment, the said hot-water change detection means 33 is comprised in the said tank upper hot-water temperature sensor St. That is, since the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in a state in which temperature stratification is formed, the hot water temperature in the case where it is present in the hot water storage tank 2 without being heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is as follows. The state in which the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects the predicted temperature within the set low temperature range corresponds to the detection of the replacement state.
Incidentally, the state in which the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects a temperature higher than the set low temperature range is a state in which the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is not replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel 16. is there.

Further, a temperature range equal to or lower than a temperature obtained by adding a set margin temperature to the detected temperature of the feed water temperature sensor Si is configured as the set low temperature range.
In addition, even if the temperature of the hot water existing in the hot water storage tank 2 rises without being supplied through the water supply passage 16 and being heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, the quality of the hot water is maintained in a good state. The temperature rise that can be performed is obtained in advance through experiments or the like, and the obtained temperature is set as the set margin temperature. Incidentally, the set margin temperature is set to 5 ° C.

  The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 in a state where the cooling water circulation pump 15 is operated during the operation of the fuel cell 1, and the hot water circulation pump 19 and the heat source circulation pump 21. By controlling the operation of each of the heat medium circulation pump 23, the diversion valve 28, and the heat source intermittent valve 30, the hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water tank 2 and the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 are supplied. It is comprised so that the heat-medium supply operation to perform may be performed.

  The operation control unit 5 performs the hot water storage operation in a state where no operation command is issued from the terminal remote controller 5b for the heat consuming terminal 3, and in the hot water storage operation, the diverter valve 28 supplies the entire amount of cooling water to the hot water storage heat. In a state in which the heat source intermittent valve 30 is switched to the state of flowing through the exchanger 24 and the heat source intermittent valve 30 is closed, the temperature detected by the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh is set to a preset target heating temperature (for example, 60 ° C.). The operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is controlled in order to adjust the hot water circulation amount in the hot water storage circuit 18.

Further, when the operation is instructed from the terminal remote controller 5b, the operation control unit 5 performs the heat medium supply operation. In the heat medium supply operation, the heat source intermittent valve 30 is opened, and the heat source circulation is performed. In the state where the pump 21 is operated at a preset rotational speed, the flow dividing valve is configured to pass an amount of cooling water corresponding to the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3 through the heat source heat exchanger 25. 28, and in such a state that the heat medium supply operation is performed, when the diverter valve 28 is controlled to flow the cooling water also to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, as described above. The hot water circulation pump 19 is controlled to perform the hot water storage operation in parallel with the heat medium supply operation.
When the operation control unit 5 is instructed to stop the operation from the terminal remote controller 5b during the heat medium supply operation, the operation control unit 5 causes the diverter valve 28 to pass the entire amount of cooling water to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side. The heat source intermittent pump 30 is closed, the heat source circulation pump 21 is stopped, and the hot water circulation pump 19 is operated to switch from the heat medium supply operation to the hot water storage operation. It is configured as follows.

  When the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is supplied to the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and during the execution of the heating medium supply operation, the operation control unit 5 supplies the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h. When the temperature of the hot water to be performed is lower than the set heating temperature, the gas fuel is supplied to the burner b so that the hot water supplied to the auxiliary heating heat exchanger h is heated to the set heating temperature and discharged. You will adjust the amount.

Further, the operation control unit 5 monitors the detected temperature of the cooling water return temperature sensor Sr during the operation of the fuel cell 1, and when the detected temperature becomes higher than the set return allowable temperature, the operation of the radiator 29 is performed. It is configured to operate and cool the cooling water.
For example, when the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full and the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 does not cool the cooling water to the set return allowable temperature due to heat exchange with the hot water from the hot water storage tank 2, The radiator 29 is actuated so that the cooling water returning to the fuel cell 1 is forcibly cooled.

Next, the control operation of the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The operation control unit 5 includes hot water per unit time in the hot water storage circuit 18 so that the temperature of hot water heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 (corresponding to the heating means H) becomes a target heating temperature. The fuel cell 1 is operated so as to cover the circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 to adjust the circulation amount, and at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load. When the normal operation condition is determined, the normal operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 under the normal operation condition is executed, and when the water quality deterioration suppression timing for suppressing the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank 2 is reached, It is comprised so that a fall suppression process may be performed.

  And in this 1st Embodiment, it is assumed that the said operation control part 5 performs the said normal operation process within the setting process period after the said circulation control process and the said water quality fall suppression timing as the said water quality fall suppression process. When the operating condition for water quality reduction is set to lower the total power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 within the set processing period than the total power generation amount generated by the fuel cell 1, the operating condition for water quality reduction suppression The control operation processing for operating the fuel cell 1 is executed based on the above.

  In addition, the operation control unit 5 determines the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 or the approximate amount based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. It is comprised so that the operating condition which can estimate that the whole quantity is replaced with the water from the said water supply channel 16 within the said setting process period is defined.

Further, in the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 executes the normal operation condition setting process for determining the normal operation condition for each start point of the operation cycle composed of a plurality of management times, and the normal operation is performed. A normal operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 under normal operation conditions determined in the condition setting process is executed.
The operation control unit 5 determines hot water storage state in the hot water storage tank 2 while an operation switch (not shown) provided in the remote control operation unit 5a in the cogeneration system is in an ON state. When the state determination process is executed and it is determined in the hot water storage state determination process that the stored state of the hot water is a state where it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the quality of the hot water, it is determined that it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. ing. The details of the hot water storage state determination process will be described later.

And the operation control part 5 discriminate | determines whether it was discriminate | determined that it became the water quality fall suppression timing in the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process in the driving cycle just before that at the start time of a driving cycle, and water quality fall suppression timing When it is determined that the operation cycle has started, it is determined that the start time of the operation cycle is a state of water quality reduction that needs to be suppressed, and the setting is performed from the start time of the operation cycle. As the treatment period starts, at the start of the operation cycle, the operation condition setting process for suppression that determines the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration is executed, and the water quality decrease suppression determined in the operation condition setting process for suppression is performed. A suppression operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 based on operating conditions is executed.
Incidentally, the setting process period is constituted by one operation cycle or a plurality of operation periods, and in the first embodiment, the setting process period is constituted by one operation cycle. ing.

  Further, immediately after the set processing period elapses, the operation control unit 5 supplies all or substantially the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 between the start time and the end time of the set processing period. When it is determined whether or not the replacement state has been changed by the water to be changed, and it is determined that the replacement state has not been reached, the operation cycle immediately after the set processing period has elapsed is reset to the set processing period. At the start of the setting process period, an extension operation condition setting process for determining the operation condition of the fuel cell 1 for the extension water quality reduction suppressing process executed during the setting process period is executed, In the meantime, the fuel cell 1 is operated under the operating conditions determined in the extended operating condition setting process, so that the water quality lowering suppression process is extended and executed.

By the way, in the first embodiment, during the setting process period, it is determined that the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St has changed when detecting the temperature within the set low temperature range, and during the setting process period, When the upper hot water temperature sensor St does not detect the temperature within the set low temperature range, it is determined that the temperature has not changed.
Moreover, in this 1st Embodiment, it is comprised so that it may set to the conditions which stop the fuel cell 1 over the whole setting process period as an operation condition of the water quality fall suppression process for an extension.

Hereinafter, based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, the control operation of the operation control unit 5 when the normal operation process and the water quality reduction suppressing process are executed will be described.
If it is determined in step # 1 that it is the start time of the operation cycle, and if it is determined in step # 2 that it is not immediately after the set processing period has elapsed, in step # 3, the start time of the operation cycle is suppressed to reduce water quality. It is determined whether or not it is in a state. If it is determined that it is not in a state where the required water quality deterioration is suppressed, the normal operation condition setting process is executed to determine the normal operation condition in step # 4, and the hot water storage state determination process is executed in step # 6 to return. To do. When it is determined that the start point of the operation cycle is in the state of water quality reduction suppression, in step # 5, the operation condition setting process for suppression is executed to determine the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression, and in step # 6 Then, the hot water storage state determination process is executed and the process returns.

  If it is determined in step # 1 that it is the start time of the operation cycle, and if it is determined in step # 2 that it is immediately after the set processing period has elapsed, then in step # 7, the start time of the set processing period is ended. It is determined whether or not the change state has been reached during the period, and if it is determined that the change state has been reached, the process proceeds to step # 4 to execute normal operation condition setting processing to determine normal operation conditions.

In step # 7, if it is determined that the state has not been changed between the start time and the end time of the setting process period, in step # 8, the extension operation condition setting process is executed to suppress the deterioration of the extension water quality. The operating condition of the process is determined, and in step # 6, the hot water storage state determination process is executed and the process returns.
That is, in step # 7, when it is determined that the state has not been changed between the start time and the end time of the setting process period, the water storage tank 2 is subjected to the water quality lowering suppression process executed in the immediately preceding setting process period. In the state where the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water has not been replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16, in step # 8, the operating condition of the extension water quality lowering suppression process is determined, and the setting process is performed under the determined operating condition. During the period, the water quality reduction control process will be extended and executed.

  While it is determined at step # 1 that it is not the start time of the operation cycle, the fuel cell operation control process for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 is executed under the operation conditions according to the normal operation process or the water quality deterioration suppressing process, And the said circulation control process is performed, and also the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process is performed and it returns (step # 9, 10, 6).

That is, during the normal operation process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 9, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled based on the normal operation condition set in the normal operation condition setting process in step # 4.
Further, during the execution of the water quality lowering suppression process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 9 operates the fuel cell 1 based on the water quality lowering suppression operating condition set in the suppression operating condition setting process in step # 5. Is controlled. In addition, during the execution of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 9 performs the operation of the combustion cell 1 based on the operation condition set in the extension operation condition setting process in step # 8. In this first embodiment, the fuel cell 1 is stopped.

In the circulation control process of step # 10, the hot water circulation pump 19 is operated to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation circuit 18 so that the detected temperature of the hot water temperature sensor Sh becomes the target heating temperature. Be controlled.
Incidentally, when the fuel cell 1 is stopped by the fuel cell operation control in step # 9, the cooling water circulation pump 15 is stopped and the circulation of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 is stopped. The cooling water for heating the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is not supplied to the heat exchanger 24, and in the circulation control process of Step # 10, the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped and the hot water circulation circuit 18 The circulation of hot water will be stopped.
The operation control unit 5 is configured to perform the heat medium supply operation as described above when an operation is commanded from the terminal remote controller 5b for the heat consuming terminal 3 during the execution of the water quality deterioration suppressing process. Has been.

  Next, for each of the predicted load calculation management processing for obtaining the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load, the normal operation condition setting process, the operation condition setting process for suppression, and the hot water storage state determination process, The control operation of the operation control unit 5 will be described.

First, the predicted load calculation management process will be described.
The heat load includes a hot water supply heat load when hot water is supplied to the hot water supply destination and a terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3.
The operation control unit 5 stores the actual power load data, the actual hot water supply heat load data, and the actual terminal heat load data in the memory in association with the operation cycle and the management time, so that the past time-series power load data is stored. In addition, the past time-series heat load data is configured to be managed in association with each management time for each operation cycle over a set period (for example, four weeks before the operation day).
Incidentally, the actual power load is measured as the power obtained by subtracting the power consumption of the electric heater 12 from the power obtained by adding the power measured by the power load measuring means 11 and the output power of the inverter 6. The actual hot water supply thermal load is measured by the hot water supply thermal load measuring means 31, and the actual terminal thermal load is measured by the terminal thermal load measuring means 32.

  And the said operation control part 5 is for continuous prediction based on the management data of the time series past electric power load data and the time series past heat load data at the start time (for example, 3:00 am) of the operation cycle. Time-series predicted thermal load data and time-series predicted power load data of the first operation cycle of the set number of operation cycles (for example, 3 times), and the first of the operation cycles of the set number of times for prediction The time-series predicted thermal load data of the operation cycle subsequent to the operation cycle is divided and obtained for each management time. Incidentally, the time-series predicted heat load data is data obtained by adding the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load data and the time-series predicted terminal heat load data. In this embodiment, the heat load state Will be described assuming that no terminal heat load is generated in the heat consuming terminal 3 and only a hot water supply heat load is generated.

Hereinafter, the normal operation condition setting process will be described.
The operation control unit 5 determines the output form of the fuel cell 1 with respect to the predicted power load or the fuel cell 1 based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load at the start of the operation cycle. The driving merit of each of the plural driving modes with different driving time zones is obtained, the driving mode having the highest driving merit is determined as the driving mode for normal driving, and fuel is used in the determined driving mode. The battery 1 is configured to operate.
In other words, setting the driving mode having the highest driving merit among the plural types of driving modes as the driving mode for normal driving corresponds to determining the normal driving condition, and driving for normal driving determined as such The process of operating the fuel cell 1 in the form corresponds to the normal operation process.
Incidentally, the operation cycle is set to 1 day, and the management time is set to 1 hour. Further, as the operation merit, a predicted energy reduction amount that is expected to be obtained by operating the fuel cell 1 is obtained.

A description will be given of the plurality of types of operation modes.
The plurality of types of operation modes include a continuous operation mode in which the fuel cell 1 is continuously operated during the operation cycle, and an intermittent operation mode in which the fuel cell 1 is operated intermittently during the operation cycle. As modes, there are included a plurality of types of operation modes in which the power output mode of the fuel cell 1 with respect to the predicted power load is different. As the intermittent operation mode, the power output mode of the fuel cell 1 with respect to the predicted power load or the fuel cell 1 A plurality of types of driving modes with different driving time zones are included.

  As the plural types of continuous operation modes, a load following continuous operation mode for causing the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the predicted power load in the entire time period of the operation cycle, a part of the plurality of management times of the operation cycle The suppression continuous operation mode in which the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a setting suppression output smaller than the predicted power load during the management time and the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the predicted power load during the remaining management time. In addition, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a set increase output larger than the predicted power load in a part of the management time of the plurality of management times of the operation cycle, and the fuel is used in the remaining management time. A forced continuous operation mode in which the power generation output of the battery 1 follows the predicted power load is included.

  Further, when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the load follow-up continuous operation mode, the hot water storage during the management time in which the suppression continuous operation mode is the set suppression output is operated. When there is a management time in which a surplus heat state occurs in which the predicted amount of stored hot water in the tank 2 is equal to or greater than a preset upper limit hot water storage amount in the hot water tank 2, the management time before the occurrence of the heat surplus state occurs. Of the management time, the management time is determined to be the management time when the excess heat state is eliminated and the predicted energy reduction amount is the largest, and the forced continuous operation mode is the management time to be the set increase output, When the fuel cell 1 is operated in the load following continuous operation mode, there is an insufficient heat state in which the predicted amount of stored hot water in the hot water tank 2 is insufficient with respect to the predicted heat load during a plurality of management times of the operation cycle. Departure Management time during which the heat shortage state is resolved and the predicted energy reduction amount is the largest among the management time periods before the management time when the heat shortage state occurs. As stipulated in

The predicted amount of stored hot water of the hot water tank 2 is the amount of heat that is predicted to be stored in the hot water tank 2 as hot water, and the predicted amount of stored hot water (kcal / h) for each management time is given by the following equations Is required. In each expression, the subscript “n” indicates the order of management time in the operation cycle. For example, when n = 1, the first management time in the operation cycle is indicated.
However, the predicted hot water storage amount 0 as the predicted hot water storage amount n-1 in equation 2 when n = 1 is the predicted hot water storage amount at the start of the operation cycle, and is a value obtained based on the above equation 1. The

Predicted hot water storage amount n = (Predicted hot water storage amount n-1−Predicted heat load n + Predicted heat output n) × (1-tank heat dissipation rate) (Equation 2)
Predicted heat output n = α × {(predicted power output n ÷ battery power generation efficiency) × battery heat efficiency} + surplus power × α × β-base heat dissipation amount (Equation 3)

However, when the predicted hot water storage amount n obtained by Equation 3 is smaller than 0, the predicted hot water storage amount n is set to zero.
The tank heat dissipation rate is a heat dissipation rate from the hot water storage tank 2 and is set in advance.
The battery power generation efficiency indicates the ratio of the power generation output (kWh) to the unit energy consumption (kWh) in the fuel cell 1, and the battery thermal efficiency is the ratio of the generated heat amount (kWh) to the unit energy consumption (kWh) in the fuel cell 1. These battery power generation efficiency and battery thermal efficiency are set according to the power generation output.
In this cogeneration system, the base heat release amount is the amount of heat radiated without being used for hot water storage in the hot water storage tank 2 and heating by the heat consuming terminal 3 out of the generated heat amount of the fuel cell 1. .

The surplus power is obtained by subtracting the predicted power load from the predicted power output when the predicted power output is larger than the predicted power load.
For example, when the predicted power load is smaller than the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range (for example, 0.25 to 0.75 kW) of the fuel cell 1, the surplus power reduces the predicted power load from the minimum output of the fuel cell 1. Is required. As will be described later, when the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a set increase output larger than the main output following the predicted power load, the surplus power is obtained by subtracting the predicted power load from the set increase output. Desired. When the predicted power load is smaller than the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range, the minimum output is the main output, and when the predicted power load is smaller than the maximum output of the power generation output adjustment range, the maximum output is power. Main output.
α is a coefficient set to 860 as described above.
β is a heater efficiency that is an efficiency when the electric heater 12 converts surplus power (kWh) into heat (kWh), and is set in advance.

  As the plurality of types of intermittent operation modes, a management time for causing the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the predicted power load is set as the operation time zone, and the predicted energy reduction is the most among a plurality of management times in the operation cycle. Load follow-up intermittent operation mode determined for management time when the amount increases, management time for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to a set suppression output smaller than the predicted power load, as the operation time zone, Suppressed intermittent operation mode that is set to a management time at which the predicted energy reduction amount is the largest among a plurality of management times, and for management to adjust the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to a setting increase output that is larger than the predicted power load Forced intermittent operation mode in which the time is set as the operation time zone and the management time at which the predicted energy reduction amount is the largest among the plurality of management times in the operation cycle It is included.

  Further, as the load follow-up intermittent operation mode, the estimated energy reduction amount based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the operation cycle for determining the management time for causing the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the predicted power load is the largest. A single-cycle-compatible load-following intermittent operation mode that is set to a larger management time, and the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the predicted power load and remains in the first operation cycle of a setting determination period in which a plurality of operation cycles continues. When it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the operation cycle, the management time for causing the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the predicted power load is predicted in time series in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period. The predicted energy reduction amount based on the predicted thermal load in the remaining operation cycle of the power load and time-series predicted thermal load and the setting determination period is the largest. It includes a load-following intermittent operation mode of the plural-cycle corresponding type specified in Kunar administrative time.

  As the suppression intermittent operation mode, the management time for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the set suppression output is managed so that the predicted energy reduction amount based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the operation cycle that determines the management time is the largest. Single cycle-compatible suppression intermittent operation mode defined in the operation time, and the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the setting suppression output in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period, and the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the remaining operation cycle Assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the set suppression output, the management time for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set to the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period, and the remaining setting determination period Multi-cycle compatible controlled intermittent operation mode that is set to the management time that maximizes the predicted energy reduction amount based on the predicted thermal load in the operation cycle It is included.

  As the forced intermittent operation mode, the management time for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the set increased output is managed so that the predicted energy reduction amount based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the operation cycle that determines the management time is the largest. A single-cycle-compatible forced intermittent operation mode that is defined in the operation time, and the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the set increase output in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period, and the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the remaining operation cycle Assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the set increase output, the management time for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period and the remainder of the setting determination period Multi-cycle compatible forced intermittent operation mode, which is defined as the management time with the largest amount of predicted energy reduction based on the predicted heat load in the operation cycle It is included.

  In this embodiment, since the operation cycle is set to one day, the single cycle correspondence type of each of the load following intermittent operation mode, the suppression intermittent operation mode, and the forced intermittent operation mode is described as a one-day correspondence type. In addition, the load follow intermittent operation mode, the suppression intermittent operation mode, and the forced intermittent operation mode, each of which corresponds to a plurality of cycles, is a two-day type with two operation cycles, and three days with three operation cycles. The corresponding type is included.

Hereinafter, the forced continuous operation mode and the setting increase output in each of the forced intermittent operation modes of the one day correspondence type, the two day correspondence type, and the three day correspondence type, and the suppression continuous operation mode and the one day correspondence type, 2 The setting procedure of the setting suppression output in each of the day-to-day and day-to-day suppression intermittent operation modes will be described.
Temporary setting output for increasing output setting or suppressing output setting is set stepwise (for example, at an interval of 0.05 kW) within the power generation output adjustment range of the fuel cell 1, and for each temporary setting output, When the power generation output is adjusted to the temporarily set output, the amount of heat generated when the output increases (kW) generated from the fuel cell 1 is obtained by the following equation 4, and the temporarily set output is obtained by the fuel cell 1 and the commercial power source 7 The difference in energy consumption for power generation during output suppression (kW), which is the difference in energy consumption from the case where the power is obtained, is obtained by the following formula 5, and the generated heat amount during output increase and the difference in energy amount for power generation during output suppression are The information is stored in the memory in association with the temporarily set output.

Amount of heat generated when output increases = (temporary setting output ÷ battery power generation efficiency) x battery thermal efficiency (Equation 4)
Energy amount difference for power generation when output is suppressed = Temporary setting output ÷ Battery power generation efficiency-Temporary setting output ÷ Commercial power generation efficiency ............... (Formula 5)
However, the commercial power generation efficiency is the ratio of the power generation output (kWh) to the unit energy consumption (kWh) in the commercial power supply 7.

  Incidentally, since the commercial power generation efficiency is greater than the battery power generation efficiency, the difference in energy amount for power generation during output suppression is obtained as a negative value. Therefore, the smaller the absolute value of the energy amount difference during power suppression during output suppression, the smaller the energy This is advantageous in terms of consumption.

  And the said operation control part 5 sets a thing with the largest generation | occurrence | production calorie | heat amount at the time of an output increase as a setting increase output among temporary setting outputs larger than an electric main output about each management time of an operation cycle, Among the temporarily set outputs smaller than those, the one having the smallest absolute value of the power generation energy amount difference at the time of output suppression is set as the setting suppression output.

Hereinafter, a procedure for obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount for each of the plurality of types of operation modes by the operation control means 5 will be described.
The predicted energy reduction amount in each operation mode is obtained by subtracting the energy consumption amount when the fuel cell 1 is operated in each operation mode from the energy consumption amount when the fuel cell 1 is not operated as shown in Equation 6 below. To calculate.

  Predicted energy reduction amount P = energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated E1-energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated (formula 6)

The energy consumption E1 (kWh) when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the commercial power when the predicted power load of the first operation cycle is supplemented with the received power from the commercial power supply 7 as shown in the following formula 7. It is obtained as the sum of the energy consumption amount in the power source 7 and the energy consumption amount when all of the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27.
In other words, the energy consumption E1 in the case where the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained in the same manner regardless of the expected energy reduction amount in any operation mode.

  E1 = Predicted power load / commercial power generation efficiency + Predicted heat load / Auxiliary heater thermal efficiency (Equation 7)

However,
The predicted heat load is a value converted into kWh.
The auxiliary heater thermal efficiency is the ratio of the amount of heat generated (kWh or kcal) to the unit energy consumption (kWh or kcal) in the auxiliary heater 27.

  On the other hand, the energy consumption E2 (kWh) when the fuel cell 1 is operated is calculated by using the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the first operation cycle as the predicted power output and the predicted power output of the fuel cell 1, as shown in the following Equation 8. The operating cycle energy consumption, which is the energy consumed by the fuel cell 1 when supplemented with heat output, and the predicted shortage power corresponding to the predicted power load minus the predicted power output are all received power from the commercial power source 7. The amount of energy consumed in the commercial power source 7 when supplemented and the amount of energy consumed when all of the predicted insufficient heat amount is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27 are obtained.

  E2 = Operating cycle energy consumption + predicted insufficient energy / commercial power generation efficiency + predicted insufficient heat / auxiliary heater thermal efficiency (Equation 8)

  However, the predicted insufficient heat amount is obtained by subtracting the predicted hot water storage amount of the management time immediately before the management time from the predicted heat load of the management time for which the predicted insufficient heat amount is obtained, and is converted into a unit of kWh. .

  The operation period energy consumption is obtained by calculating the energy consumption per management time for operating the fuel cell 1 in each operation mode according to the following formula 9, and integrating the obtained energy consumption per management time. By seeking.

  Energy consumption = (power generation output ÷ battery power generation efficiency) ......... (Formula 9)

The predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
The energy consumption amount for each management time is obtained as the main output by the above formula 9, and the operation period energy consumption amount is obtained by integrating the obtained energy consumption amounts for each management time. Based on the consumed amount, an energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is obtained by Expression 8. Then, based on the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 thus obtained is operated and the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated obtained by Equation 7, the predicted energy reduction amount is obtained by Equation 6. Find P.

The predicted energy reduction amount in the forced continuous operation mode is obtained when there is a shortage of heat management time when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the load following continuous operation mode. It asks like this.
That is, the selected one of the management times before the heat shortage management time among the plurality of management times in the operation cycle (when there are a plurality of times, the one closest to the start time of the operation cycle). Or, a plurality of continuous management times are set as forced operation time zones in which the power generation output is adjusted to the set increase output, and the remaining management time in the operation cycle is set in the main operation time zone in which the power generation output is adjusted to the main output. In this form, by changing the management time selected as the time zone for forced operation, all the temporary operation patterns for forced operation are formed, and all the temporary operation patterns are based on the above formulas 6 to 8. To obtain the predicted energy reduction amount.
It should be noted that the energy consumption of the management time in the forced operation time zone is obtained as the set power output by the above formula 9, and the energy consumption of the management time in the main operation time zone is generated by the above formula 9. Is obtained as a main output, and the energy consumption amount of each management time thus obtained is integrated to obtain the operation period energy consumption amount.

Then, a temporary operation pattern for forced operation that does not cause a surplus heat management time and becomes the maximum amount of predicted energy reduction is obtained from all the temporary operation patterns for forced operation, and the calculated temporary operation is obtained. If there is no time for heat shortage management in the pattern, the temporary operation pattern for forced operation is set to the operation pattern of the forced continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern for forced operation is set to the forced continuous operation mode. As the predicted energy reduction amount.
In addition, in the temporary operation pattern for forced operation in which the excess heat management time does not occur and the predicted energy reduction amount is the maximum, when the heat shortage management time still occurs, the above-described process until the heat shortage management time does not occur. Will be repeated.

The predicted energy reduction amount in the suppressed continuous operation mode is obtained when there is a surplus heat management time when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the load following continuous operation mode, and is obtained as follows. .
That is, one of the management times before the management time of the heat surplus among the plurality of management times in the operation cycle (when there are a plurality of times, the one closest to the start time of the operation cycle) is selected. Alternatively, a plurality of continuous management times are set as a suppression operation time zone in which the power generation output is adjusted to the set suppression output, and a remaining management time in the operation cycle is set in the main operation time zone in which the power generation output is adjusted to the main output. In such a form, all the temporary operation patterns for the suppression operation are formed by changing the management time selected as the time zone for the suppression operation, and all the temporary operation patterns are based on the above formulas 6 to 8. To obtain the predicted energy reduction amount.
It should be noted that the energy consumption of the management time in the restraint operation time zone is obtained as the set restraint output by the above formula 9, and the energy consumption of the management time in the main operation time zone is the power generation output by the formula 9. Is obtained as a main output, and the energy consumption amount of each management time thus obtained is integrated to obtain the operation period energy consumption amount.

Then, among the temporary operation patterns for all the restraint operations, a heat shortage management time does not occur and a temporary operation pattern for the restraint operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is obtained, and excess heat management is performed in the obtained provisional operation pattern. When the operation time does not occur, the temporary operation pattern for the suppression operation is set as the operation pattern of the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern for the suppression operation is predicted energy reduction amount of the suppression continuous operation mode Asking.
In addition, in the temporary operation pattern for the restraint operation in which the shortage of heat management time does not occur and the predicted energy reduction amount is the maximum, when the heat excess management time still occurs, the above-described process until the heat excess management time does not occur Will be repeated.

The predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day type load following intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
Among the plurality of management times of the operation cycle, the selected one or a plurality of continuous management times are set as the management time constituting the operation time zone, and the remaining management time of the operation cycle is set as the stop time zone. All the temporary operation patterns are formed by changing the management time selected as the management time constituting the operation time zone in the form of the configuration management time, and all the temporary operation patterns are stored in the memory. Of the temporary operation patterns stored and stored in the memory, all the temporary operation patterns except for the pattern having the entire management time of the operation cycle as the operation time zone are set as the temporary operation patterns for intermittent operation.

Assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state where the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern for each of the temporary operation patterns for all intermittent operations. A predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained based on the equations 6 to 8, and a predicted heat output and a predicted hot water storage amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
In addition, the energy consumption amount of the management time included in the operation time zone is obtained as the main output by the above-mentioned formula 9, and the energy consumption amount of the management time not included in the operation time zone is set to 0. The operating period energy consumption is obtained by integrating the energy consumption over time.
Further, the predicted heat output of the management time not included in the operation time zone is 0, and the predicted hot water storage heat amount of the management time not included in the operation time zone is obtained by setting the predicted heat output n to 0 according to the above equation 2.

  Then, among all the intermittent operation patterns for intermittent operation, the temporary operation pattern for the intermittent operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is obtained, and the temporary operation pattern for the intermittent operation is used as a one-day load following intermittent operation. The predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern for the intermittent operation is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount of the one day correspondence type load following intermittent operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day load following intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
That is, out of all the temporary operation patterns for the one-day type intermittent operation, when the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time period as described above, the prediction of the final management time in the first operation cycle is performed. A temporary operation pattern in which the amount of stored hot water is greater than 0 is selected as a two-day temporary operation pattern.
For all of the two-day tentative temporary operation patterns, assuming that the estimated hot water storage amount for the last management time of the first operation cycle is used as the predicted heat load for the second operation cycle, For each of a plurality of management times, a predicted hot water storage amount and a predicted heat amount used as a predicted heat load are obtained.
The predicted amount of stored hot water for each management time is obtained by setting the predicted heat output n to 0 according to the above equation 2.
Also, the predicted amount of heat used for each management time is determined by the following equations 10 to 12.

When the predicted hot water storage amount n-1 ≥ predicted heat load n,
Predicted heat consumption n = Predictive heat load n ... (Equation 10)
When the predicted hot water storage amount n-1 <predicted thermal load n,
Predicted heat consumption n = Predicted hot water storage amount n-1 ... (Equation 11)
When the predicted hot water storage amount n-1 = 0,
Predicted heat consumption n = 0 ......... (Formula 12)

For each of the two-day tentative temporary operation patterns, the predicted energy consumption (converted to kWh) in the second operation cycle is converted into the predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day responsive load following intermittent operation mode obtained as described above. The predicted energy reduction amount is obtained by adding the energy consumption (total predicted use heat amount / auxiliary heater thermal efficiency) in the case of supplementing the total of the generated heat with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27, and the obtained predicted energy reduction amount Is divided by 2 to obtain the energy reduction amount per one operation cycle (one day), which is the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern corresponding to the two days.
Then, among all the two-day type temporary operation patterns, the two-day type temporary operation pattern having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is set as the operation pattern of the two-day type load follow-up intermittent operation mode, The predicted energy reduction amount of the 2-day correspondence type temporary operation pattern is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount of the 2-day correspondence type load following intermittent operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day load following intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
That is, the temporary operation pattern in which the predicted hot water storage amount of the final management time in the second operation cycle is larger than 0 is selected as the three-day temporary operation pattern among all the two-day temporary operation patterns. Assuming that the predicted hot water storage amount for the last management time of the second operation cycle is used as the predicted heat load for the third operation cycle for all the three-day provisional operation patterns, the second operation described above As in the cycle, the predicted hot water storage amount and the predicted usage heat amount are obtained for each of the plurality of management times in the third operation cycle.

For each of the three-day tentative temporary operation patterns, the predicted energy consumption in the second and third operation cycles (to the predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day responsive load following intermittent operation mode obtained as described above) ( The predicted energy reduction amount is obtained by adding the energy consumption (the sum of the predicted use heat amount / the auxiliary heater thermal efficiency) in the case where the sum of the kWh is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27, and the obtained prediction The energy reduction amount divided by 3 to obtain the energy reduction amount per one operation cycle (one day) is set as the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern corresponding to the three days.
Then, among all the three-day type temporary operation patterns, the three-day type temporary operation pattern having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is set as the operation pattern of the three-day type load following intermittent operation mode, The predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day correspondence type temporary operation pattern is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day correspondence type load following intermittent operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day type forced intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
That is, for each of the intermittent operation patterns for intermittent operation, assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state in which the power generation output is adjusted to the set increase output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern, A predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained based on the above equations 6 to 8, and further, a predicted heat output and a predicted hot water storage amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
Note that the energy consumption of the management time included in the operation time zone is obtained by setting the power generation output as the set increase output by the above formula 9, and the energy consumption of the management time not included in the operation time zone is set to 0. The operating period energy consumption is obtained by integrating the energy consumption over time.

  Then, among all the intermittent operation patterns for intermittent operation, the temporary operation pattern for intermittent operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is obtained, and the temporary operation pattern for intermittent operation is used as a one-day type forced intermittent operation mode. And the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern for the intermittent operation is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day type forced intermittent operation mode.

  The operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day type forced intermittent operation mode are obtained by the same procedure as the procedure for obtaining the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day type load follow-up intermittent operation mode, and Since the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day compatible forced intermittent operation mode are obtained in the same procedure as the procedure for calculating the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day corresponding load follow-up intermittent operation mode. Description of the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the 2-day type forced intermittent operation mode, and the procedure for obtaining the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the 3-day type forced intermittent operation mode will be omitted.

The predicted energy reduction amount of the one day correspondence type suppression intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
That is, for each of the temporary operation patterns for intermittent operation, assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state in which the power generation output is adjusted to the set suppression output in the operation time period set in each temporary operation pattern, A predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained based on Equations 6 to 8, and a predicted heat output and a predicted hot water storage amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
In addition, the energy consumption of the management time included in the operation time zone is obtained by setting the power generation output as the setting suppression output by the above formula 9, and the energy consumption amount of the management time not included in the operation time zone is set to 0. The operating period energy consumption is obtained by integrating the energy consumption over time.

  Then, among all the intermittent operation patterns for intermittent operation, a temporary operation pattern for intermittent operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is obtained, and the temporary operation pattern for intermittent operation is used as a one-day suppression type intermittent intermittent operation mode. The predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern for the intermittent operation is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount of the one day correspondence type suppression intermittent operation mode.

  The operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day correspondence type intermittent intermittent operation mode are obtained by the same procedure as the procedure for obtaining the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day type load follow-up intermittent operation mode, and Since the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the 3-day response type intermittent intermittent operation mode are obtained in the same procedure as the procedure for obtaining the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the 3-day response type load following intermittent operation mode. The description of the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the two-day response type intermittent intermittent operation mode and the procedure for obtaining the operation pattern and the predicted energy reduction amount of the three-day type suppression intermittent operation mode are omitted.

  In short, in the normal operation condition setting process, the operation control unit 5 determines that the predicted energy reduction amount and the suppressed continuous operation mode of the load following continuous operation mode as described above when the time for heat surplus management exists. When the heat shortage management time exists, as described above, the predicted energy reduction amount of the load following continuous operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount of the forced continuous operation mode are obtained. As described above, the predicted energy reduction amount of the load following intermittent operation mode for each of the 1-day response type, the 2-day response type, and the 3-day response type, forcibly intermittent for the 1-day response type, the 2-day response type, and the 3-day response type, respectively. Nine predicted energy reduction amounts of the predicted energy reduction amount of the operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount of the one-day correspondence type, two-day correspondence type, and three-day correspondence type suppression intermittent operation mode, and so on Asking Predicted energy reductions defines the maximum operation mode to the operation mode of the fuel cell 1.

  In the normal operation condition setting process, when the predicted energy reduction amount of any one of the intermittent operation modes is the maximum among all the operation modes including the multiple types of continuous operation modes and the multiple types of intermittent operation modes. The heat load coverage rate U / L, which indicates the extent to which the amount of stored hot water at the start of the operation cycle can cover the predicted heat load of the operation cycle, is compared with the set value K, and the heat load coverage rate U / L is set to the set value. When it is greater than K, it is determined that the standby condition is satisfied, and the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined as a standby mode in which the fuel cell 1 is stopped over the entire time period of the operation cycle. When it is equal to or less than K, it is determined that the standby condition is not satisfied, and the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined to be the intermittent operation mode in which the predicted energy reduction amount is the maximum.

Incidentally, L of the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is the predicted heat load of the operation cycle obtained by summing the predicted heat loads of the management times of the first operation cycle.
Moreover, U of the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is predicted to be covered by the amount of stored hot water at the start of the first operation cycle out of the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, assuming the predicted heat output of the fuel cell 1 as 0. Predicted amount of heat used.
For example, when the start time of the first operation cycle corresponds to the start time of the second operation cycle of any one of the two-day load following intermittent operation mode, forced intermittent operation mode and suppressed intermittent operation mode, L is a value obtained by summing the predicted heat load of each management time of the second operation cycle, and U is a value obtained by summing the predicted heat usage of each management time of the second operation cycle.
The set value K is set to 0.4, for example.

  That is, the normal operation condition setting process is executed every time when the operation cycle starts, and in this process, it is determined that the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is larger than the set value K and the standby condition is satisfied as described above. In this case, since the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the standby mode, the load tracking, suppression, or compulsion of the 2-day response type or the 3-day response type in the normal operation condition setting process is performed. When the time point at which the normal operation condition setting process is performed this time corresponds to the start point of the second operation cycle in the 2-day correspondence type or the 3-day correspondence type intermittent operation mode, When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the standby mode as described above in the normal operation condition setting process, the entire time period of the second operation cycle in the two-day correspondence type or the three-day correspondence type intermittent operation mode. The fuel cell 1 stops over Will be, intermittent operation mode of the 2 days the corresponding type or 3 days corresponding type is continued.

Then, the operation control unit 5 operates the fuel cell 1 in the operation mode determined in the normal operation condition setting process.
When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the load-following continuous operation mode, the current power load following operation is performed to cause the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the current power load currently requested over the entire time period of the operation cycle. To do.
In the current power load following operation, the main power output that continuously follows the current power load within the range from the minimum output to the maximum output is obtained for each relatively short predetermined output adjustment period such as one minute. And the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the determined main output.
The current power load is a power obtained by subtracting the power consumption of the electric heater 12 from the power obtained by adding the power measured by the power load measuring means 11 and the output power of the inverter 6, and The current power load is obtained as an average value of data sampled at a predetermined sampling time (for example, 5 seconds) in the previous output adjustment period.

When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the suppression continuous operation mode, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the setting suppression output during the management time that is determined to set the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the setting suppression output. In other management time, the current power load follow-up operation is executed.
When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the forced continuous operation mode, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the set increase output during the management time that is set to set the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the set increase output. In other management time, the current power load follow-up operation is executed.

Even if the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined to be any one of the load follow-up intermittent operation of the one-day correspondence type, the two-day correspondence type, and the three-day correspondence type, the current power load follow-up operation is performed in the management time included in the operation time zone. The fuel cell 1 is stopped during the management time included in the stop time zone.
Even when the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined to be any one of the one-day correspondence type, two-day correspondence type, and three-day correspondence type intermittent intermittent operation, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is generated in the management time included in the operation time zone. The fuel cell 1 is stopped during the management time included in the stop time zone by adjusting to the set suppression output.
When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined to be any one of the one-day type, two-day type, and three-day type forced intermittent operation, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is generated in the management time included in the operation time zone. The fuel cell 1 is stopped during the management time included in the stop time zone by adjusting to the set increase output.

Hereinafter, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 supplies the total or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 based on the detection information of the hot water replacement detection means 33. When the non-replacement state continuation time in which the state that is not replaced continues is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement allowable time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.
That is, in the first embodiment, in the hot water storage state determination process, the non-replacement state duration is determined as the hot water storage state in the hot water tank 2, and the non-replacement state duration is set non-replacement. When the time is longer than the allowable time, it is determined that the hot water storage state of the hot water tank 2 is a state in which it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the hot water quality, and it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

As described above, in the first embodiment, since the hot water change detection means 33 is configured by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St, the operation control unit 5 is configured to perform the hot water storage state determination process. When the temperature detected by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St becomes higher than the set low temperature range, the measurement of the non-replacement state continuation time is started. In a state where the time is reset to 0, the non-replacement state duration time is measured, and when the non-replacement state duration time becomes equal to or longer than the set non-replacement permissible time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.
Incidentally, the set non-replacement allowable time is set to 96 hours, for example.

Hereinafter, the suppression operation condition setting process will be described.
In this 1st Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 is comprised so that the operation time slot | zone for water quality fall suppression and the power generation output for water quality fall suppression may be defined as said water quality fall suppression operation conditions.
In the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 supplies the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 within the set processing period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. In order to replace the water from the road 16 with the operation time zone defined in the operation mode for normal operation as the operation time zone for water quality reduction suppression, the power output for water quality reduction suppression is used for normal operation. It is comprised so that it may determine so that it may become smaller than the prediction electric power generation output determined by the driving | operation form.
Further, even if the operation control unit 5 sets the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range over the entire operation time period defined in the operation mode for normal operation, the setting process When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will not be replaced within the period, the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 can be replaced. In the set state, the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to be shorter than the operation time zone determined in the operation mode for normal operation.

Hereinafter, the procedure for determining the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration and the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration will be described.
In the operation mode for normal operation of the fuel cell 1, since the predicted power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is determined every management time, the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set every management time. It is configured as follows.
The operation control unit 5 performs normal operation so that it can be predicted that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced during the setting process period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. Assuming that the operation time zone specified in the operation mode for water use is the operation time zone for water quality deterioration suppression, the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression for each management time is determined in the operation mode for normal operation It is configured to set smaller than the predicted power generation output.
Further, the operation control unit 5 may set the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration during the entire management time in the operation time zone determined in the operation mode for normal operation to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range. When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will not be replaced, the power generation output for suppressing deterioration in water quality for each management time is generated so that it can be predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced. In the state set to the minimum output of the output adjustment range, the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to be shorter than the operation time zone determined in the operation mode for normal operation.

Incidentally, in the load following continuous operation mode and the load following intermittent operation modes of the one day type, the two day type and the three day type, the predicted power generation output for each management time in the operation time zone is the predicted power. The main output follows the load.
In the forced continuous operation mode, the predicted power generation output for each management time in the forced operation time zone is a set increase output, and the predicted power output for each management time in the main operation time zone follows the predicted power load. In the suppression continuous operation mode, the predicted power generation output for each management time in the suppression operation time zone is the setting suppression output, and the predicted power generation output for each management time in the main operation time zone is The main output follows the predicted power load.
In the 1-day compatible, 2-day compatible, and 3-day forced intermittent operation modes, the predicted power generation output for each management time in the operation time zone is a set increase output, and the 1-day compatible, 2-day compatible In each suppression intermittent operation mode of the type and the three-day correspondence type, the predicted power generation output for each management time in the operation time zone is a set suppression output.

In other words, assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to a power generation output for suppressing temporary water quality deterioration that is smaller than the predicted power generation output at each management time included in the operation time zone, the time-series predicted power load In addition, a process for determining whether or not it is possible to predict that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced during the setting process period based on the time-series predicted heat load is reduced in a stepwise manner. While setting, repeat until it can be predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced.
And when it can be predicted that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 during the setting processing period by repeating the above processing, it is determined in the operation mode for normal operation. Is set as a water quality reduction suppression operation time zone, and the temporary water quality reduction suppression power generation output set for each management time is set as the water quality reduction suppression power generation output.

  In addition, even if the power generation output for suppressing temporary water quality reduction for all the management hours in the operation time zone is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range, when the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 cannot be predicted to be replaced, Assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range at each management time, based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load, An operation time zone is set so that it can be predicted that the entire amount of hot water will be replaced, and the set operation time zone is set as the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration during each management time is set as the power output adjustment range. Set to the minimum output.

Hereinafter, the setting procedure of the power generation output for suppressing the temporary water quality deterioration will be described.
A suppression output setting coefficient for setting the temporary water quality reduction generation power output by multiplying the predicted power generation output is set stepwise with a setting interval in a state of being smaller than 1. For example, the setting interval is set to 0.05, and the suppression output setting coefficient is set stepwise as 0.95, 0.90, 0.85.
And the power generation output for temporary water quality fall suppression is set small in steps by decreasing a coefficient for suppression output setting one by one, and multiplying with a prediction power generation output.

Hereinafter, the procedure for determining whether or not the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced during the operation cycle will be described.
Using the predicted power generation output for each management time in the operation time zone as the temporary water quality reduction suppression power generation output, the predicted heat output of each management time in the water quality reduction suppression operation time zone is obtained based on the above Equation 3, Using the predicted thermal output of each obtained management time, based on the above formula 2, the predicted hot water storage amount is obtained for each management time of the operation cycle, and when there is a management time when the predicted hot water storage amount becomes 0, It is determined that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced during the operation cycle.

  Then, in the fuel cell operation control of step # 9 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, the operation control unit 5 determines the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 for each management time in the operation period for suppressing water quality deterioration during the setting process period. If it is not the final point of the set processing period at the end of the water quality reduction suppression operation time zone, the end point of the water quality reduction suppression operation time zone The fuel cell 1 is stopped from the end of the setting process period.

  Hereinafter, each of the second and third embodiments of the present invention will be described. Since each embodiment describes another embodiment of the hot water storage state determination process and the water quality deterioration suppressing process, the hot water is mainly used. The storage state determination process and the water quality deterioration suppression process will be described.

[Second Embodiment]
The second embodiment will be described below.
As shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, in the second embodiment, a circulation amount sensor Qc that detects a circulation amount of hot water per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circulation path 18 in the hot water storage circulation path 18. The hot water supply passage 17 is provided with a delivery amount sensor Qs for detecting the hot water delivery amount per unit time delivered through the hot water supply passage 17.
Since the entire configuration of the cogeneration system is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided, the description of the entire configuration is omitted.
When consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel, the hot water flows as described in the first embodiment. Therefore, the delivery amount sensor Qs detects the flow rate including the flow rate of hot water supplied from the hot water storage circulation path 18 to the hot water supply passage 17 as the hot water delivery amount per unit time delivered through the hot water supply passage 17. Become.

  This 2nd Embodiment demonstrates another embodiment of the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process and a water quality fall suppression process, and since a normal driving | operation process is the same as that of said 1st Embodiment, the description is abbreviate | omitted.

First, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 passes time-series water supply amount data about the water supply amount per unit time from the water supply passage 16 to the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water storage circulation passage 18. The hot water storage heat exchange is performed after hot water is supplied through the water supply channel 16 based on the time-series hot water circulation amount data about the circulating amount of hot water per unit time and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 without being heated by the vessel 24 (that is, corresponding to the heating means H) is a hot water for which the non-heating storage time is longer than the set non-heating allowable time, and the hot water is the heat for hot water storage. Less hot water in which the non-reheating storage time stored in the hot water storage tank 2 without being reheated in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 after being heated in the exchanger 24 is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time. When If it is determined that one is present, it is configured to determine to be a the water suppressing reduction timing.
That is, in this 2nd Embodiment, in the said hot water storage state discrimination | determination process, the non-heating storage time and the non-reheating storage time about the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 are stored as the hot water storage state in the said hot water storage tank 2. It is determined that when there is at least one of hot water whose non-heating storage time is longer than the set non-heating allowable time and hot water whose non-reheating storage time is longer than the set non-heating allowable time, It is determined that the storage state is a state in which it is necessary to suppress deterioration in the quality of hot water, and that it is determined that it is time to suppress deterioration in water quality.

Data management processing for managing time-series water supply amount data, time-series hot water circulation amount data, and capacity data of the hot water tank 2 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The capacity data of the hot water tank 2 is stored in the memory of the operation control unit 5. In the second embodiment, since the capacity of the hot water tank 2 is 200 liters, 200 liters is stored in the memory as capacity data.

As hot water is sent out through the hot water supply passage 17, the same amount of hot water as that sent out is supplied through the water supply passage 16, so that time-series hot water delivery amount data is time-series. Can be used as the correct water supply data.
Therefore, the operation control unit 5 reads the time-series hot water delivery amount data per unit time detected by the delivery amount sensor Qs as time-series water supply amount data about the water supply amount per unit time, and The read data is integrated over the management time to obtain water supply amount data per management time, and the water supply amount data per time management time is managed.

  When consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel, the hot water flows as described in the first embodiment. Therefore, the time-series water supply amount data from the water supply path 16 to the hot water storage tank 2 is managed in a state including the water supplied directly to the hot water storage circulation path 18 without being supplied to the hot water storage tank 2. Become.

  Further, the operation control unit 5 reads hot water circulation amount data per unit time detected by the circulation amount sensor Qc, integrates the read data over the management time, The hot water circulation amount data is obtained, and the hot water circulation amount data per management time series in time series is managed. Incidentally, the unit time is set to 1 second, for example.

For example, the operation control unit 5 manages the water supply amount data per time management time and the hot water circulation amount data per time management time as shown in FIG.
In FIG. 3, for example, 200 liters of water is supplied at the management time of 1 o'clock on January 1, and the hot water tank 2 is filled with water from the water supply channel 16. It is shown that 40 liters of water was supplied at the management time of 8 o'clock, and 100 liters of water was supplied at the management time of 19:00 on January 1st. It is shown that the hot water in the hot water tank 2 was circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18 at a circulation rate of 10 liters per hour from the management time of the hour base to the management time of the 18 hour base.
In FIG. 3, for example, in the management time of 18:00 on January 1, consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are parallel. It was shown that it was done.

Hereinafter, the management of each of the non-heating storage time and the non-reheating storage time will be described.
Of the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and the circulation of hot water through the hot water circulation circuit 18, when only consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination is performed, the upper portion of the hot water tank 2 through the hot water supply passage 17. As hot water is sent from the hot water, the hot water in the hot water tank 2 flows upward, and the same amount of hot water sent from the upper part of the hot water tank 2 passes through the water supply channel 16 as the bottom of the hot water tank 2. When the hot water is only circulated, the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the hot water circulation path 18 is heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 while the hot water in the hot water tank 2 flows downward. After that, it will be returned to the upper part of the tank.
Further, when consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination and hot water circulation through the hot water storage circulation path 18 are performed in parallel, of the water supplied through the water supply path 16, after heating by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. After the temperature of the water reaches the heating target temperature, it is directly supplied from the water supply passage 16 to the hot water storage circulation passage 18 and heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, and then the hot water supply passage together with hot water sent from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2. 17 and the remainder is stored at the bottom of the hot water tank 2.

  Therefore, in view of the flow of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 as described above with the water supply to the hot water storage tank 2 and the circulation of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, the water supply amount data per management time in time series, Based on the hot water circulation amount data per management time and the capacity data of the hot water storage tank 2, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is converted into the water supply block for each management time and the management time every time the management time starts. In the heated block, each block is arranged in accordance with the order of water supply through the water supply path 16 and the order of circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation path 18 and the total amount of hot water is the total amount of hot water in each block. The water supply date and time and the amount of hot water are specified for each water supply block, and the heating date and time and the amount of hot water by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 are determined for each heated block. Specific Rukoto can.

Incidentally, the water supply block remains supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 through the water supply path 16 over the management time and is not circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18, that is, heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. The heated block is removed from the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2 over the management time and circulated through the hot water storage circulation path 18 to be heated in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. The block of the hot water returned to the upper part of the hot water tank 2 is shown.
For the heated block that is supplied through the water supply channel 16 and heated in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and then heated again in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, the latest reheating date and time is specified as the heating date and time. To do.

Hereinafter, based on FIG. 4, the management of hot water in the hot water tank 2 in the case where the water supply amount data per time management time and the hot water circulation amount data per time management time are as shown in FIG. A description will be given of block division by a water supply block for each working time and a heated block for each management time.
Incidentally, FIG. 4 shows a state in which the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into blocks in the vertical direction by a water supply block and a heated block. / 1, 1) (-) (140) or (-) (1/1, 2) (10).
That is, the date and time of water supply is shown in () at the left end in each block, the date and time of heating is shown in () at the center, and the amount of hot water is shown in () at the right end.
For example, the lowest block in the block division at 8:00 on January 1 is a water supply block, and (1/1, 1) (-) (140) in the inside is indicated by " “1/1, 1” indicates that the water supply date is 1 o'clock on January 1st, “−” in the center () indicates that the water has been supplied and has not been heated, “140” in parentheses indicates that the amount of hot water is 140 liters.

  The second block from the bottom is a heated block, and (-) (1/1, 2) (10) in the inside is the "-" in () at the left end is hot water storage after being supplied with water. Since it has already been heated in the heat exchanger 24, it indicates that the date and time of water supply is not managed, and "1 / 1,2" in the center () is that the heating date and time is 2:00 on January 1st. "10" in () at the right end indicates that the amount of hot water is 10 liters.

Although illustration is omitted, since 200 liters of water was supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 at 1 o'clock on January 1, the entire hot water tank 2 was 1 at the start of the management time at 2 o'clock. It becomes a water supply block supplied at 1 o'clock on the 1st of the month.
For 6 hours from 2:00 to 7:00 on January 1, hot water in the hot water tank 2 is circulated 10 liters per hour, so 10 liters of hot water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 every hour to store hot water. After being heated by the heat exchanger 24, it will be returned to the upper part of the hot water tank 2, and at the start of the management time at 8:00 on January 1, as shown in FIG. Water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and the hot water volume is 140 liters. Heated date and time is 2:00 on January 1 and the heated block is 10 liters in hot water and the heating date and time is 3 on January 1. Heated block with 10 liters of hot water at the time, ..... 7 blocks of heated blocks with hot water of 10 liters at 7 o'clock on January 1st, lined up from below Is divided into blocks.

At 8 o'clock on January 1, consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel. In the embodiment, in the management time in which the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination and the circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation path 18 are performed in parallel as described above, hot water storage out of the water supplied through the water supply path 16 is performed. The amount corresponding to the amount of hot water circulated through the circulation path 18 is not stored in the bottom of the hot water tank 2 but is circulated through the hot water circulation path 18 and heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. After that, it is assumed that it is sent out through the hot water supply path 17.
In other words, the water supply amount data per management time is 40 liters, and the hot water circulation amount data per management time is 10 liters. Therefore, out of 40 liters of water supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2, Suppose 30 liters excluding 10 liters circulated through the circulation path 18 is the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount, and the water of the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount is stored at the bottom of the hot water tank 2.
Therefore, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 1st, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), a water supply block with a water supply date and time of 8:00 on January 1st and a hot water amount of 30 liters, Water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and the hot water volume is 140 liters. Heated date and time is 2:00 on January 1 and the heated block is 10 liters in hot water and the heating date and time is 3 on January 1. 5 blocks of heated blocks with hot water amount of 10 liters and heated blocks with heating date and time of 4 o'clock on January 1st and hot water amount of 10 liters are divided into blocks in a state where they are lined up from below.

  For 10 hours from 9:00 to 18:00 on January 1, hot water in the hot water tank 2 is circulated every 10 liters per hour, so 10 liters of hot water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 every hour to store hot water. After being heated by the heat exchanger 24, it will be returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2, and at the start of the management time at 19:00 on January 1, as shown in FIG. A water supply block with a water supply date of 1 January and a hot water volume of 70 liters, a heating date and time of 2:00 on January 1 with a heated water block of 10 liters, and a heating date and time of 3 January 1 14 blocks of heated block with hot water volume of 10 liters, heating date and time, 18:00 on January 1st, heated block with hot water volume of 10 liters Is divided into blocks.

  At 19:00 on January 1, 100 liters of water is supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 and is not circulated through the hot water circulation circuit 18. As liters of hot water was sent from the hot water storage tank 2 to the hot water supply passage 17, at the start of the management time on the 10:00 on January 1st, as shown in FIG. Is a water supply block with a hot water amount of 100 liters at 19:00 on January 1st, a water supply date and time of 1 January on January 1st and a water supply block with a hot water amount of 70 liters, and a heating date and time of 2 on January 1st Heated block with hot water volume of 10 liters, heating date and time is 3 o'clock on January 1, heated block with hot water volume of 10 liters, heating date and time is 4 o'clock on January 1, and hot water volume is 10 liters 5 blocks of heated blocks lined up from below In is divided into blocks.

  As described above, based on the water supply amount data per time-series management time, the hot water circulation amount data per time-series management time, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2, at the start of each management time, While updating the block division by the water supply block for each management time and the heated block for each management time in the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, the water supply date and time, the heating date and time, the amount of hot water can be specified for each block, For example, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 3, 10:00 on January 3, and 2 o'clock on January 4, (e) to (g) in FIG. As shown, the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into blocks by the water supply block and the heated block, the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water are specified for each water supply block, and the heating date and time, hot water is specified for each heated block. By specifying the amount of water That.

Then, at each starting time of the management time, based on the water supply date and time for each water supply block and the heating date and time for each heated block, the unheated storage time is obtained for each water supply block, The reheat storage time can be determined.
For example, based on (e) in FIG. 4, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 3, the third block from the bottom is the water supply block, and the water supply date is January Since it is 1 o'clock in the day, the non-heated storage time is 56 hours, and the fourth block from the bottom is the heated block, and the heating date and time is 2 o'clock on January 1st. The heating and storage time is 55 hours.
In addition, based on (G) of FIG. 4, at the start of the management time at 2 o'clock on January 4, the water supply block is only the lowest block, and the water supply date and time of the water supply block is Since it is 19:00 on January 3, the non-heated storage time is 7 hours, and the heated blocks are the 6 blocks from the second to the top from the bottom, of which the heating date is the past Is the second heated block from the bottom, and its heating date and time is 2:00 on January 1, so the non-reheated storage time is 72 hours.

  When the set non-heating allowable time is set to 72 hours (3 days), for example, at the start of the management time at 2:00 on January 4, the non-reheating storage time is equal to or more than the set non-heating storage time. That is, it is determined that there is a block of hot and cold water, and it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

  In other words, the operation control unit 5 sets the water supply amount data per time management time, the hot water circulation amount data per time management time, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2 at the start of the management time. The hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into a water supply block for each management time and a heated block for each management time, with each block supplying water through the water supply path 16 and hot water through the hot water circulation circuit 18. In accordance with the circulation sequence, the total amount of hot water in each block is equal to the volume data, and is divided into blocks in the vertical direction, and the date and time of water supply and the amount of hot water are specified for each water supply block. The heating date and time and the amount of hot water are specified for each heated block.

Incidentally, the operation control unit 5 is the latest for the heated block which is supplied through the water supply path 16 and heated in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and then heated again in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. The reheating date is specified as the heating date.
Moreover, the said operation control part 5 calculates | requires the non-heating storage time based on each water supply date for each water supply block at the start time of the management time, and based on each heating date for each heated block. If there is at least one of a block in which the determined non-heating storage time is not less than the set non-heating allowable time and a block in which the determined non-heating heating time is not less than the set non-heating allowable time. It is configured to discriminate when the water quality lowering suppression timing comes.

Next, the water quality deterioration suppressing process will be described.
In the second embodiment as well, the setting process period is configured with a single operation cycle.
The said operation control part 5 defines the said circulation control process and the said operation condition for water quality reduction suppression as water quality reduction suppression processing similarly to said 1st Embodiment, Based on the driving condition for water quality reduction suppression A suppression operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 is executed, and as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is removed from the water supply channel 16 within the set processing period. It is comprised so that the driving | running condition which can be expected to be replaced with water is determined.
Moreover, the said operation control part 5 is comprised so that the operation time slot | zone for water quality reduction suppression and the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression may be defined as said water quality reduction suppression operating condition similarly to said 1st Embodiment. However, the configuration for determining the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration and the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration is different from that of the first embodiment.

That is, in the second embodiment, the operation control unit 5 makes the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 within the set processing period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. In order to be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16, the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression is set in the setting processing period in a state where the entire time zone in which the predicted power load is generated in the setting processing period is set as the operation time zone for water quality reduction suppression. It is configured to be determined so as to be smaller than the predicted power load.
Further, even if the operation control unit 5 sets the power output for water quality reduction suppression to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range over the entire time period in which the predicted power load occurs in the setting processing period, the operation processing unit 5 does not fall within the setting processing period. When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will not be replaced, the state in which the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 can be replaced Thus, it is configured to set the time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration within the setting processing period.

Hereinafter, the procedure for determining the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration and the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration will be described.
The operation control unit 5 performs setting processing so that it can be predicted that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced during the setting processing period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. Assuming that the entire time zone in which the predicted power load occurs during the period is the operation time zone for suppressing water quality degradation, the power generation output for suppressing water quality degradation for each management time is set to be smaller than the predicted power load. Yes.
Further, even if the operation control unit 5 sets the power generation output for water quality deterioration suppression during the entire management time during which the predicted power load is generated during the setting processing period to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range, When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water will not be replaced, the power output for suppressing deterioration in water quality for each management time is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range so that it can be predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced. In such a state, the water quality deterioration suppression time zone is set within the set processing period.

In addition, assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to a power generation output for suppressing temporary water quality reduction that is smaller than the predicted power load at each management time when the predicted power load occurs during the setting processing period, A process for determining whether or not it is possible to predict that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced during the setting process period based on a predicted power load and a time-series predicted heat load. Is repeated step by step until the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 can be predicted to be replaced.
Then, by repeating the above processing, when it can be predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 will be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 during the setting processing period, the predicted power load during the setting processing period is all generated. The time zone is set as an operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the power generation output for temporary water quality reduction suppression set for each management time is set as the power output for water quality reduction suppression.

  Moreover, even if the power generation output for suppressing temporary water quality deterioration during all the management time periods during which the predicted power load is generated during the setting processing period is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range, the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced. If the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range at each management time, the time series predicted power load and the time series predicted heat load are used. The operation time zone is set so that it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 will be replaced, and the set operation time zone is set as the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration, and water quality deterioration suppression for each management time is set. Set the power generation output to the minimum output within the power generation output adjustment range.

Hereinafter, the setting procedure of the power generation output for suppressing the temporary water quality deterioration will be described.
The suppression output setting coefficient for setting the power generation output for temporary water quality reduction suppression by multiplying the predicted power load is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Then, the temporary output reduction power generation output is set to be small stepwise by sequentially reducing the suppression output setting coefficient and multiplying it by the predicted power load.
Since the procedure for determining whether or not the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced during the operation cycle is the same as that described in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

By the way, the driving mode for normal driving is a mode in which the driving mode having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is determined from among a plurality of driving modes.
Then, the shortage of heat generated by the fuel cell 1 is insufficient with respect to the predicted heat load. Since the predicted energy reduction amount is obtained under the condition of supplementing with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27, it is obtained when the shortage of heat occurs. Since the predicted energy reduction amount is small, in the operation mode for normal operation, the predicted power generation output for each management time is determined so that the predicted insufficient heat amount does not occur as much as possible.
Therefore, by setting the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression and the operation time zone for water quality reduction suppression as described above, as a result, the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression is within the set processing period after the water quality reduction suppression timing. When the normal operation process is assumed to be executed, a condition for lowering the total power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 within the set processing period than the total power generation amount generated by the fuel cell 1 is determined.

Since the flowchart of the control operation of the operation control unit 5 in the main control process is the same as the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
In the second embodiment, in step # 7 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, when the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into a water supply block and a heated block, the hot water tank 2 is set during the set processing period. It is determined that when the entire water supply block becomes a water supply block, it is determined that the water supply block 2 has not been changed during the setting process period, when the entire hot water tank 2 does not become the water supply block. .
As in the first embodiment, step # 8 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 is configured to set the operating condition of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process to a condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 over the entire setting process period. ing.
Further, in the fuel cell operation control of Step # 9 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, the water quality degradation in which the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set for each management time in the water quality degradation suppressing operation time zone in the setting processing period. If it is adjusted to the power generation output for suppression and it is not the final point of the set processing period at the end of the operation period for suppressing water quality deterioration, the final point of the set processing period from the end point of the operating period for suppressing water quality deterioration Up to this point, the fuel cell 1 is configured to be stopped.

[Third Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a third embodiment will be described.
As indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1, in the third embodiment as well, the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided as in the second embodiment.
Since the entire configuration of the cogeneration system is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided, the description of the entire configuration is omitted.

  In the third embodiment, another embodiment of the hot water storage state determination process and the water quality deterioration suppression process is described. Since the normal operation process is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

First, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 passes time-series water supply amount data about the water supply amount per unit time from the water supply passage 16 to the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water storage circulation passage 18. Based on the time-series hot water circulation amount data about the hot water circulation amount per unit time to be circulated and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2, the hot water is supplied through the water supply path 16 and then stays in the hot water tank 2. When it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time is equal to or longer than the set residence allowable time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.
That is, in this 3rd Embodiment, in the said hot water storage state discrimination | determination process, as the hot water storage state in the said hot water tank 2, the residence time about the hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 is discriminate | determined, and residence time is the said When there is hot water that is longer than the set allowable residence time, it is determined that the hot water storage state of the hot water tank 2 is a state in which it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the hot water quality, and it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. Has been.

  Since the data management processing for managing the time-series water supply amount data, the time-series hot water circulation amount data, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2 by the operation control unit 5 is the same as in the second embodiment, Description is omitted.

Hereinafter, the management of the dwell time will be described. In the third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment, the water supply amount data per hour for management time and the time series as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the hot water circulation amount data per sequential management time is managed by the operation control unit 5.
As shown in FIG. 5, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into a water supply block for each management time and a heated block for each management time at each start time of the management time. In FIG. 5, in each block, the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water in each block are set to (1/1, 1) (140), or (1/1, 1) ( 10). In addition, the heated block is indicated by the sign “#”.
That is, the date and time of water supply is shown in () on the left side in each block, and the amount of hot water is shown in () on the right side.
For example, for (1/1, 1) (140) of the lowermost block in the 8:00 block division on January 1, “1/1, 1” in () on the left side is the water supply date and time. It indicates 1 o'clock on January 1 and “140” in parentheses on the right side indicates that the amount of hot water is 140 liters.

  For 6 hours from 2:00 to 7:00 on January 1, hot water in the hot water tank 2 is circulated 10 liters per hour, so 10 liters of hot water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 every hour to store hot water. After being heated by the heat exchanger 24, it will be returned to the upper part of the hot water tank 2, and at the start of the management time at 8:00 on January 1, as shown in FIG. Seven water supply blocks with a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 and a hot water volume of 140 liters and 6 heated blocks with a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 and a hot water volume of 10 liters Are divided into blocks in a state where the blocks are aligned from the bottom to the top.

At 8 o'clock on January 1, consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel. As in the second embodiment, out of 40 liters of water supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2, 30 liters excluding 10 liters circulated through the hot water circulation circuit 18 are used as the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount, and the water supply circulation It is assumed that the parallel water supply amount is stored at the bottom of the hot water tank 2.
Therefore, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 1st, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the water supply date and time is 8 o'clock on January 1st and the amount of hot water is 30 liters. 5 of 3 heated blocks with a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 and a hot water volume of 140 liters, and a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 with a hot water volume of 10 liters The blocks are divided into blocks in a state of being lined up from below.

  For 10 hours from 9:00 to 18:00 on January 1, hot water in the hot water tank 2 is circulated every 10 liters per hour, so 10 liters of hot water is taken out from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 every hour to store hot water. After being heated by the heat exchanger 24, it will be returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2, and at the start of the management time on the 19:00 level on January 1, as shown in FIG. Water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and the hot water volume is 70 liters. Water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and 3 heated blocks with 10 liters of hot water and water supply date and time is 1 14 of 3 heated blocks with 8 liters of hot water at 10 o'clock on the 1st of the month, and 7 heated blocks with 10 liters of hot water at 1 o'clock on the 1st of January. The blocks are divided into blocks in a state of being lined up from below.

  At 19:00 on January 1, 100 liters of water is supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 and is not circulated through the hot water circulation circuit 18. As liters of hot water was sent from the hot water storage tank 2 to the hot water supply passage 17, at the start of the management time on the 10:00 on January 1st, as shown in FIG. Is 19:00 on January 1 and the water supply block is 100 liters, the water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and the water supply block is 70 liters and the water supply date and time is January 1 At 5 o'clock, 5 blocks of 3 heated blocks with a hot water volume of 10 liters are divided into blocks in a state of being lined up from below.

  As described above, based on the water supply amount data per time-series management time, the hot water circulation amount data per time-series management time, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2, at the start of each management time, The hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into blocks by the water supply block and the heated block, and the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water can be specified for each block. At the beginning of the management time of the 20 o'clock of the day and the 1 o'clock of January 4th, as shown in (e) to (g) of FIG. While dividing into blocks by the water supply block for each hour and the heated block for each management time, the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water can be specified for each block.

And the residence time can be calculated | required for every block based on the water supply date for every block for every starting time of management time.
For example, based on (e) in FIG. 5, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 3, for example, the third block from the bottom is a water supply block, and the water supply date and time is Since it is 1 o'clock on January 1, the residence time is 56 hours, and the fourth block from the bottom is a heated block, and its water supply date is 1 o'clock on January 1, so the residence time Will be 56 hours.
Further, based on FIG. 5 (G), at the start of the management time of 1 o'clock on January 4, the water supply date and time is 19:00 on January 3, and the amount of hot water is 150 liters. Water supply block, water supply date and time is 1 o'clock on January 1 and 3 heated blocks with 10 liters of hot water, and water supply date and time is 1 o'clock on January 1 and 2 with 10 liters of hot water Six of the heated blocks are divided into blocks in a state where they are lined up from the bottom, and among these blocks, the water supply date and time is the past, and the three heated blocks from the second to the fourth from the bottom Since the water supply date is 1 o'clock on January 1, the residence time is 72 hours.

  Then, when the set residence allowance time is set to 72 hours (3 days), for example, a hot water block whose residence time is equal to or greater than the set residence allowance time at the start of the management time at 2 o'clock on January 4th. It will be determined that it exists.

In other words, the operation control unit 5 sets the water supply amount data per time management time, the hot water circulation amount data per time management time, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2 at the start of the management time. The hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into a water supply block for each management time and a heated block for each management time, with each block supplying water through the water supply path 16 and hot water through the hot water circulation circuit 18. In accordance with the circulation order of the blocks, the total amount of hot water in each block is equal to the capacity data, and the blocks are divided vertically, and the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water are specified for each block. It is configured as follows.
In addition, the operation control unit 5 obtains the residence time for each block based on the water supply date and time for each block at the start of the management time, and the obtained residence time is equal to or greater than the set residence allowable time. Is present, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

Hereinafter, the said water quality fall suppression process is demonstrated.
In the third embodiment, the setting process period is constituted by a plurality of operation cycles.
The said operation control part 5 defines the said circulation control process and the said operation condition for water quality reduction suppression as water quality reduction suppression processing similarly to said 1st Embodiment, Based on the driving condition for water quality reduction suppression A suppression operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 is executed, and as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is removed from the water supply channel 16 within the set processing period. It is comprised so that the driving | running condition which can be expected to be replaced with water is determined.

  And in this 3rd Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 is the first in the setting discrimination | determination period in which the driving | running period (equivalent to a period) containing several management time is continuous as said water quality fall suppression driving | running condition. When it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is operated in the cycle and the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the remaining cycle, the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is passed when the setting determination period elapses even in the first cycle. At least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series prediction in the time zone in which the total amount or substantially the total amount of water is replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16 and the operation merit by operation is high. Based on the thermal load, the fuel cell 1 is operated using the obtained effective time zone as the operation time zone, and the time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period is stopped. And it is configured to define a condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 as the time zone.

Further, the operation control unit 5 obtains the effective time zone for each of the plurality of setting determination periods having different operation cycles as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, and predicts the plurality of setting determination periods. The fuel cell 1 is operated using the effective time zone of the setting determination period in which the energy reduction amount is the maximum as the operation time zone, and the time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period in which the predicted energy reduction amount is the maximum is the stop time A condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 as a band is defined.
Incidentally, the setting determination period corresponds to the setting process period.

Hereinafter, the operation condition setting process for suppression which determines the said operation condition for water quality fall suppression is demonstrated.
In the water quality deterioration suppressing process, the fuel cell 1 is operated in such a manner that it operates in the first operation cycle in the setting determination period in which a plurality of operation cycles continue and stops in the remaining operation cycle. The form is referred to as a load follow intermittent operation form corresponding to a plurality of cycles for suppressing water quality deterioration.

  Then, the operation control unit 5 performs the first operation in the setting determination period as the management time for operating the fuel cell 1 in the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multi-cycle type for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, as an effective time zone. When it is assumed that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the predicted power load in the cycle and the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the remaining operation cycle, within the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle in the setting determination period. There is a management time when the predicted hot water storage amount in the hot water tank 2 is 0, and the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load in the first operation cycle of the setting determination period, and The management time is set such that the predicted energy reduction amount based on the predicted thermal load in the remaining operation cycle of the setting determination period is maximized.

In this third embodiment, as in the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multiple cycles for normal operation, the number of operation cycles is 2 as the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multiple cycles for suppressing water quality deterioration. A day correspondence type and a three day correspondence type having three operation cycles are included.
Then, the effective time zone is obtained for the load follow intermittent operation mode for each of the two-day type and the three-day type for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, the effective time zone for each of a plurality of setting determination periods having different operation cycles. Will be asked.

A two-day load follow intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, an effective time zone of a setting determination period having two operation cycles is obtained as follows.
That is, as described in the first embodiment, for all of the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory, as described in the first embodiment, the day-to-day load following intermittent operation for normal operation is performed. As in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the embodiment, it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state in which the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern. A predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained based on the equations 6 to 8, and a predicted heat output and a predicted hot water storage amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
Then, among all the temporary operation patterns, the temporary operation pattern in which the predicted hot water storage amount of the final management time in the first operation cycle is larger than 0 is selected as the two-day-type temporary operation pattern, and the first embodiment As in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for normal operation as described in the above, for all of the two-day temporary operation patterns, the final of the first operation cycle is determined. Assuming that the predicted hot water storage amount for the management time is used as the predicted heat load for the second operation cycle, the predicted use is used as the predicted hot water storage amount and the predicted heat load for each of the plurality of management times in the second operation cycle. Find the amount of heat.

Further, as described in the first embodiment, as in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for normal operation, each of the two-day temporary operation patterns is determined. The predicted energy reduction is obtained by adding the energy consumption in the case of supplementing the total amount of heat used (converted to kWh) in the second operation cycle with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27 to the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for The amount is calculated, and the calculated predicted energy reduction amount is divided by 2 to obtain the energy reduction amount per one operation cycle (one day), which is the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern corresponding to the two days.
Then, a temporary operation pattern in which the management time for which the predicted hot water storage amount is 0 is present in the second operation cycle is selected from all the two-day temporary operation patterns, and the selected temporary operation pattern Among them, the operation time zone in the temporary operation pattern with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is determined as the effective time zone in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the temporary operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount The predicted energy reduction amount of the pattern is set as the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration.

The three-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, the effective time zone of the setting determination period with three operation cycles is obtained as follows.
That is, the temporary operation pattern in which the predicted hot water storage amount of the final management time in the second operation cycle is larger than 0 is selected as the three-day temporary operation pattern among all the two-day temporary operation patterns. Assuming that the predicted hot water storage amount for the last management time of the second operation cycle is used as the predicted heat load for the third operation cycle for all the three-day provisional operation patterns, the second operation described above As in the cycle, the predicted hot water storage amount and the predicted usage heat amount are obtained for each of the plurality of management times in the third operation cycle.

Further, as in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the above-described three-day correspondence type load following intermittent operation mode for normal operation, the predicted energy reduction amount obtained for each of the three-day correspondence temporary operation patterns. A predicted energy reduction amount is obtained by adding to P the energy consumption amount in the case where the total of the predicted use heat amount (converted to kWh) in the second and third operation cycles is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27, The obtained predicted energy reduction amount is divided by 3 to obtain the energy reduction amount per one operation cycle (one day) as the predicted energy reduction amount of the temporary operation pattern corresponding to the three days.
Then, a temporary operation pattern in which the management time at which the predicted hot water storage amount is 0 is present within the third operation cycle is selected from all the three-day temporary operation patterns, and the selected temporary operation pattern Among them, the operation time zone in the temporary operation pattern with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is determined as the effective time zone in the 3-day compatible load following intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the temporary operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount The predicted energy reduction amount of the pattern is set as the predicted energy reduction amount in the three-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration.

Subsequently, among the two-day load following intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration and the three-day corresponding load following intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, the load following that maximizes the predicted energy reduction amount is performed. The intermittent operation mode is defined as an operation mode in which the fuel cell 1 is operated in the water quality deterioration suppressing process.
That is, as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, the effective time zone is obtained for each of the plurality of setting determination periods having different numbers of operation cycles, and the predicted energy reduction amount is maximized in the plurality of setting determination periods. The fuel cell 1 is operated using the effective time zone of the setting determination period as the operation time period, and the time period other than the operation time period in the setting determination period in which the predicted energy reduction amount is maximized is the stop time period. The conditions for stopping will be determined.

Hereinafter, based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, the control operation of the operation control unit 5 when the normal operation process and the water quality reduction suppressing process are executed will be described.
When it is determined at step # 11 that it is the start time of the operation cycle, it is determined at step # 12 that the water quality reduction suppressing process is not being executed, and it is determined at step # 13 that it is not immediately after the set processing period has elapsed. In step # 14, it is determined whether or not the start point of the operation cycle is in a state of suppressing the reduction in water quality. If it is determined that it is not in the state that the required water quality deterioration is suppressed, the normal operation condition setting process is executed to determine the normal operation condition in step # 15, and the hot water storage state determination process is executed in step # 17 to return. To do. If it is determined that the start point of the operation cycle is in a state of suppressing the reduction in water quality, in step # 16, an operation condition setting process for suppression is executed to determine an operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, and in step # 17 Then, the hot water storage state determination process is executed and the process returns.

  When it is determined in step # 11 that it is the start time of the operation cycle, it is determined in step # 12 that the water quality lowering suppression process is not being executed, and it is determined in step # 13 that it is immediately after the set processing period has elapsed. In step # 18, it is determined whether or not a change state has occurred between the start time and the end time of the setting processing period. If it is determined that the change state has been reached, the process proceeds to step # 15, where The operating condition setting process is executed to determine normal operating conditions.

In step # 18, when it is determined that the state has not been changed between the start time and the end time of the setting process period, in step # 19, the extension operation condition setting process is executed to suppress extension of water quality deterioration. The operation condition of the process is determined, and in step # 17, the hot water storage state determination process is executed and the process returns.
That is, in step # 18, when it is determined that the state has not been changed between the start time and the end time of the setting process period, the water storage tank 2 is subjected to the water quality reduction suppressing process executed in the immediately preceding setting process period. In the state where the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water has not been replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16, in step # 19, the operating condition of the extension water quality deterioration suppressing process is determined, and the setting process is performed under the determined operating condition. During the period, the water quality reduction control process will be extended and executed.

While it is determined in step # 11 that it is not the start point of the operation cycle, the fuel cell operation control process for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 is executed under the operation conditions according to the normal operation process or the water quality deterioration suppressing process, And the said circulation control process is performed, and also the hot water storage state determination process is performed, and it returns (step # 20, 21, 17).
Further, while it is determined in step # 11 that it is the start time of the operation cycle and in step # 12, it is determined that the water quality lowering suppression process is being performed, A fuel cell operation control process for controlling the operation of the battery 1 is executed, the circulation control process is executed, a hot water storage state determination process is executed, and the process returns (steps # 20, 21, 17).

That is, during the normal operation process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled based on the normal operation condition set in the normal operation condition setting process in step # 15.
In addition, during the water quality reduction suppressing process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the fuel cell 1 is operated based on the water quality deterioration suppressing operation condition set in the suppression operating condition setting process in step # 16. Is controlled. In addition, during the execution of the extension water quality reduction suppression process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 20 causes the combustion cell 1 to operate based on the operation conditions set in the extension operation condition setting process in step # 19. In the third embodiment, the fuel cell 1 is stopped.

In the circulation control process of step # 21, the hot water circulation pump 19 is operated so as to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation circuit 18 so that the detected temperature of the hot water temperature sensor Sh becomes the target heating temperature. Be controlled.
Incidentally, when the fuel cell 1 is stopped by the fuel cell operation control of step # 20, the cooling water circulation pump 15 is stopped and the circulation of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 is stopped. The cooling water for heating the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is not supplied to the heat exchanger 24, and in the circulation control process of step # 21, the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped and the hot water circulation circuit 18 The circulation of hot water will be stopped.
The operation control unit 5 is configured to perform the heat medium supply operation as described above when an operation is commanded from the terminal remote controller 5b for the heat consuming terminal 3 during the execution of the water quality deterioration suppressing process. Has been.

In the third embodiment, at step # 18, when the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into the water supply block and the heated block, it is determined that the hot water tank 2 has been replaced when the entire hot water tank 2 becomes the water supply block. In the case where the entire hot water tank 2 does not become a water supply block during the set processing period, it is determined that the hot water tank 2 has not been switched.
Further, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the current power load following operation is performed in which the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the currently requested current power load during the operation time period of the setting determination period. The fuel cell 1 is stopped during the stop time period of the setting determination period.
That is, the operation control 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 so as to output electric power according to the electric power load during the operation time period in the setting determination period, and the stop time in the setting determination period. In the belt, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled so as to stop the power generation.

  In step # 19, the operation condition of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process is set to a condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 over the entire setting process period.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Hereinafter, although 4th Embodiment of this invention is described, this 4th Embodiment demonstrates another embodiment of a water quality fall suppression process, the whole structure of a cogeneration system, a normal operation process, and a hot water storage state Since the determination process is the same as that in the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted, and the water quality reduction suppressing process will be mainly described.

In the fourth embodiment, the operation control unit 5 executes a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation pump 19 so as to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 as the water quality lowering suppression process. It is configured.
And in this 4th Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 stops the fuel cell 1 in the one part time slot | zone in a driving | running period, and makes the electric power generation output of the fuel cell 1 track an estimated electric power load in the remaining time slot | zone. Assuming that the stop time zone during which the fuel cell 1 is stopped is based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 during the operation cycle. It replaces with the water from the water supply path 16, and it is comprised so that it may determine so that a prediction energy reduction amount may become the maximum.
The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 so as to stop the power generation in the stop time period in the operation cycle and stops the hot water circulation in the hot water storage circuit 18. The current stoppage processing for controlling the operation of the circulation pump 19 is executed, and the power output of the fuel cell 1 is made to follow the current power load currently requested in the operation time zone other than the stop time zone in the operation cycle. The hot water circulating pump 19 is used to adjust the amount of hot water circulating in the hot water circulating circuit 18 so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the load following operation processing and the hot water heat exchanger 24 becomes the target heating temperature. Is configured to execute a circulation control process for controlling the operation.

Hereinafter, the procedure for determining the stop time zone will be described.
As described in the first embodiment, as in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the day-to-day load following intermittent operation mode for normal operation, for each of the temporary operation patterns for all intermittent operations, Assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state in which the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern, the predicted energy reduction amount P is calculated based on the equations 6 to 8. Further, the predicted heat output and the predicted amount of stored hot water are determined for each management time in the first operation cycle.
Then, a temporary operation pattern in which the management time at which the predicted hot water storage amount is 0 is present in the operation cycle is selected from all the temporary operation patterns for intermittent operation, and the predicted energy is selected from the selected temporary operation patterns. The stop time zone determined in the temporary operation pattern with the maximum reduction amount is determined as the stop time zone in which the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the water quality reduction suppressing process.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Hereinafter, although 5th Embodiment is described, this 5th Embodiment demonstrates another embodiment of a water quality fall suppression process, Comprising: The whole structure of a cogeneration system is the same as that of 1st Embodiment. The normal operation process and the hot water storage state determination process of the fuel cell 1 are the same as in the first embodiment.
Therefore, in order to omit redundant description, illustration and description of the entire configuration of the cogeneration system, description of normal operation processing of the fuel cell 1 and hot water storage state determination processing are omitted, and mainly water quality deterioration suppression processing. As necessary, the entire configuration of the cogeneration system and the hot water storage state determination process will be additionally described.

In the fifth embodiment, the operation control unit 5 is operating the fuel cell 1 and operating the hot water circulation pump 19 when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing. In this case, the system waits until the operation stop condition for stopping the operation of the fuel cell 1 is satisfied, that is, the operation of the combined heat and power supply and the operation of the hot water circulation means are continued, and the operation stop condition is satisfied and the fuel is stopped. When the operation of the battery 1 and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 are stopped, the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water circulation pump until the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is determined to be within the set low temperature range described above. It is comprised so that the standby type hot-water replacement | exchange process which stops the action | operation of 19 may be performed.
In addition, when the operation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped at the time when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is set to the set low temperature range. Until it is determined that the temperature is within the range, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped.

  When explaining the operation stop condition, the operation control unit 5 sets the automatic operation mode and the manual operation mode in the above-described remote control operation unit 5a of the cogeneration system. When a start command is instructed by the remote control operation unit 5a, fuel cell operation processing for operating devices necessary for operation, such as operation of the fuel cell 1 and operation of the hot water circulation pump 19, is performed. When a stop command is instructed by the remote control operation unit 5a, a fuel cell stop process for stopping the operation of the operated devices, such as the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19, is performed. Become.

  In the automatic operation mode, the operation control unit 5 executes the normal operation condition setting process at the start of the operation cycle as described above. Then, when the normal operation condition setting process sets the continuous operation of the fuel cell 1, that is, when all the time zones are set as the operation time zones, and some time zones are operated by the intermittent operation. In any case, the fuel cell operation processing is executed in the operation time period, that is, in the operation timing, and in other cases than the set operation time period, that is, not the operation timing. Sometimes the fuel cell stop process is executed.

When the hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 is not full, that is, the operation control unit 5 means that at least one of the hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, Sb is a lower limit within a set high temperature range. When a temperature lower than the temperature Rb is detected, or when the tank bottom hot water temperature sensor Sb detects a temperature lower than the lower limit temperature Rb within the set high temperature range, it is determined that the operation is possible. When it is determined that the vehicle can be operated, in the manual operation mode, when the start command is instructed by the remote control operation unit 5a, and in the automatic operation mode, the operation timing is the operation time zone. Performs a fuel cell operation process.
Further, when the hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 is full, that is, the operation control unit 5 means that all of the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, Sb are within the set high temperature range. When a temperature higher than Rb is detected, or when the bath bottom hot water temperature sensor Sb detects a temperature higher than the lower limit temperature Rb within the set high temperature range, it is determined that the operation is impossible. In the manual operation mode, the fuel cell stop process is executed even when a start command is instructed by the remote control operation unit 5a, and in the automatic operation mode, even when the operation timing is the operation time zone. It will be.

Further, when the operation control unit 5 continues the fuel cell operation process for a set time (for example, when it continues for 648 hours, which corresponds to 27 days), the operation control unit 5 uses the fuel to temporarily stop the fuel cell 1. Execute battery stop processing.
Incidentally, if the operation time continues for the set time in this way, the fuel cell stop process is performed in the home where the cogeneration system is installed, for example, the amount of fuel gas supplied to the home where the fuel cell 1 is installed. A microcomputer meter to be monitored will be equipped, and the microcomputer meter will exceed the set monitoring time (for example, 720 hours, which corresponds to 30 days) for which the fuel gas supply continues. In order to prevent the microcomputer meter from operating the emergency stop function unnecessarily, the emergency stop function for stopping the gas supply is provided.

  Therefore, when the operation stop condition for stopping the operation of the fuel cell 1 is satisfied, when a stop command is commanded in the manual operation mode, or when a time zone other than the operation time zone is entered in the automatic operation mode, This corresponds to a case where the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full and cannot be operated or when the fuel cell operation process is continued for a set time.

In addition, the operation control unit 5 detects that the temperature of the bath upper hot water temperature sensor St is equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature Rt within the set low temperature range, so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is within the set low temperature range. Is configured to determine. It should be noted that when this determination is made, the entire amount or almost the entire amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced with the water in the water supply channel 16.
By the way, in order to determine that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is within the set temperature range, the hot water temperature in the hot water tank 2 is detected when the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects the temperature within the set low temperature range. When the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St to Sb detect temperatures within the set low temperature range instead of the configuration for determining that the total amount is within the set temperature range, the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is within the set temperature range. The total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is within the set temperature range when the accumulated amount of hot water discharged from the hot water tank 2 exceeds the capacity of the hot water tank 2. It may be configured to discriminate that.

  Further, in the fifth embodiment, when the operation control unit 5 comes to the water quality deterioration suppression timing, the operation stop condition is established because the fuel cell 1 is in operation and the hot water circulation pump 19 is in operation. When the standby time is longer than the allowable standby time (for example, 24 hours), the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 are forcibly stopped and the hot water tank 2 is Until the total amount of hot water is determined to be within the set low temperature range, the forced stop hot water replacement process for stopping the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water circulation pump 19 is executed. Yes.

  Furthermore, in this fifth embodiment, when the operation control unit 5 comes to the water quality lowering suppression timing, the operation stop condition is established because the fuel cell 1 is in operation and the hot water circulation pump 19 is in operation. In the case where it is determined that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is a temperature within the set low temperature range, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is When it is determined that the temperature is within the set high temperature range, the standby type hot / cold water replacement process is stopped, assuming that the end condition is satisfied.

  That is, the operation control unit 5 is configured such that when all of the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, and Sb detect temperatures within the set low temperature range, or the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St sets the temperature within the set low temperature range. In the case of detection, it is configured to discriminate that the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is within the set low temperature range, and all of the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, Sb are set. When detecting the temperature within the high temperature range, or when the tank bottom hot water temperature sensor Sb detects the temperature within the set high temperature range, the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank is the temperature within the set high temperature range. It is configured to determine that there is.

Next, the control operation of the operation control unit 5 in the fifth embodiment will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
First, it is determined whether or not the fuel cell operation process is continued for a set time, that is, whether or not the fuel cell 1 is continuously operated for a set time (# 31). In order to temporarily stop the fuel cell 1, a fuel cell stop process is executed (# 32). Then, after the fuel cell stop process is executed, the process proceeds to a process of # 42 described later.

  If it is determined that the set time has not been continued in # 31, it is determined whether the operation mode is the automatic operation mode or the manual operation mode (# 33). If there is, it is determined whether or not the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is not full at # 39 and can be operated. If it can be operated, the fuel cell operation processing of # 41 is executed. When the operation is not possible, the fuel cell stop process of # 40 is executed. Further, if the stop command is issued in the manual operation mode, the fuel cell stop process of # 40 is executed.

If it is determined that the automatic operation mode is set in # 33, it is determined whether or not it is the start time of the operation cycle (# 36). If it is the start time of the operation cycle, the normal operation condition setting process is performed. It will be executed (# 37).
If it is determined at # 36 that it is not the start time of the operation cycle, or after executing the normal operation condition setting process at # 37, it is determined that it is the operation timing when the continuous operation is set next. In addition, when it is the time corresponding to the operation time zone of the intermittent operation, the operation timing that is determined to be the operation timing is determined (# 38). When it is determined that it is the operation timing, it is determined whether or not the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is not full and can be operated (# 39). The fuel cell operation process 41 is executed.
If it is determined in # 38 that the operation timing is not reached, or if it is determined in # 39 that the operation is impossible, a fuel cell stop process is executed (# 40).

  Next, it is determined whether or not a processing flag indicating that it is necessary to perform a water quality reduction suppressing process is ON (# 42). If it is determined that the processing flag is not ON, the upper part of the hot water tank 2 is determined. The tank upper hot water temperature sensor St that detects the temperature of the hot water in the tank performs a duration measurement process that measures the non-replacement state duration t1 in which the temperature does not detect a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature of the set low temperature range (# 43) ) When the non-replacement state duration t1 is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement permissible time L1, processing for turning on the processing flag is performed (# 45). If the non-replacement state duration t1 is less than the set non-replacement allowable time L1, the process immediately returns to the process of # 31.

  If it is determined in # 42 that the processing flag is ON, it is determined whether or not the fuel cell 1 is in a stopped state (# 46). If not, the processing flag is set to ON. It is determined whether or not the waiting time from the waiting time is equal to or longer than the allowable waiting time (for example, 24 hours) (# 47). If the standby time does not reach the standby allowable time, whether or not the end condition is satisfied, that is, whether the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is within the set low temperature range, or hot water storage It is determined whether or not the total amount of hot and cold water in the tank is within the set high temperature range (# 48), and when the end condition is satisfied, the processing flag is turned OFF (# 49) and the non-replacement state A process (# 50) for resetting the duration t1 to 0 is executed.

  If it is determined at # 46 that the fuel cell 1 is in a stopped state, the process (# 52) for determining whether or not the above-mentioned end condition is satisfied is repeated until the end condition is satisfied. When the end condition is satisfied, processing for turning off the processing flag (# 49) and processing for resetting the non-replacement state duration time t1 to 0 (# 50) are executed.

  If it is determined in # 47 that the standby time after turning on the processing flag is equal to or longer than the allowable waiting time, the fuel cell stop process is executed to forcibly stop the fuel cell 1 (# 51). Next, the process of determining whether or not the above end condition is satisfied (# 52) is repeated until the end condition is satisfied. When the end condition is satisfied, processing for turning off the processing flag (# 49) and processing for resetting the non-replacement state duration time t1 to 0 (# 50) are executed.

[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment will be described.
(A) In the configuration that executes the water quality reduction suppression process when it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached in the hot water storage state determination processing, the combination of the hot water storage state determination processing and the water quality reduction suppression processing is the first to fifth above. It is not limited to the combination demonstrated in each embodiment of this, When performing the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process of 1st Embodiment, so that the water quality fall suppression process of 2nd or 3rd embodiment may be performed. You may comprise, and when performing the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process of 2nd Embodiment, you may comprise so that the water quality fall suppression process of 1st, 3rd, 4th or 5th embodiment may be performed. For example, when the hot water storage state determination process of the third embodiment is executed, the water quality lowering suppression process of the first, second, fourth, or fifth embodiment may be executed.
(B) Based on at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load, the operation control unit 5 determines the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 or In the first and second embodiments described above, in the case where it is configured to determine an operation condition that can be predicted that substantially the entire amount is replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 within the set processing period, The case where the operation control unit 5 is configured to determine the operation time zone and the power generation output as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration has been exemplified, but the operation control unit 5 is used as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. Further, it may be configured to determine either one of the operation time zone and the power generation output.

Hereinafter, a case where the power generation output is determined as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration will be described.
Assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated over the entire time period in which the predicted power load is generated in the operation cycle, it can be predicted that the entire amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 during the operation cycle. , All the management time zones in which the power generation output setting for water quality deterioration suppression that sets the power generation output for water quality deterioration suppression for each management time to be smaller than the predicted power load and the generation of the predicted power load in the operation cycle occurs. If it is impossible to predict that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 even if the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range, Until it is predicted that the entire amount of hot water will be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16, in the state where the operation cycle for setting the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is successively lowered, Configured to repeat the setting process. Incidentally, the operation cycle in which the power generation output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set corresponds to the set processing period.
And it is comprised so that the driving | operation of the fuel cell 1 may be controlled so that the electric power generation output of each management time of a setting process period may be set to the electric power generation output for water quality fall suppression.

Hereinafter, the case where an operation time zone is defined as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration will be described.
Assuming that the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the predicted power load in a part of the operation period and stops the fuel cell 1 in the remaining time period, the operation time period in which the fuel cell 1 is operated is Based on the series predicted power load and the time series predicted heat load, the total or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16 and the predicted energy reduction amount is maximized during the operation cycle. It is configured to be determined as follows. Incidentally, the operation cycle corresponds to the set processing period. Since the procedure for determining the operation time zone is the same as that in the fourth embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
The operation control unit 5 executes a current power load following operation process for causing the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the currently requested current power load during the operation time period of the setting process period, and a setting process. In the stop time zone other than the operation time zone in the period, the fuel cell 1 is stopped.

(C) When the circulation control process and the suppression operation process are executed as the water quality deterioration suppression process, in the first to third embodiments, the hot water tank 2 is used as the operation condition for suppressing the water quality decrease. Although the case where the operating condition that can be predicted that the total amount or almost the entire amount of hot water is replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16 within the set processing period is determined is illustrated, the water quality is determined without determining the operating condition. As the operation condition for suppressing the decrease, simply within the set process period than the total power generation amount generated by the fuel cell 1 when it is assumed that the normal operation process is executed within the set process period after the water quality decrease suppression timing. The condition for reducing the total power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is determined, and the water quality is changed until the replacement state is detected by the hot water replacement detection means 33. You may comprise so that a fall suppression process may be performed.
In this case, as the operation condition for suppressing the deterioration of water quality, for example, the condition for adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range in the operation time zone defined in the operation mode for normal operation. Or it is good also as conditions which adjust the electric power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the electric power obtained by multiplying the present electric power load currently requested | required by the coefficient for suppression output setting (it is set smaller than 1).

(D) When the operating condition for predicting that the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is replaced with the water from the water supply channel 16 within the set processing period is set as the operating condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. Specific conditions are not limited to the conditions described in the first to third embodiments.
For example, from among the multiple types of operation modes described in the above embodiment, select an operation mode with less integrated predicted power output that is obtained by integrating the predicted power output within the operation cycle than the operation mode selected for normal operation. Further, among the selected operation modes, the operation mode with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is selected, and the fuel cell 1 is operated in the selected operation mode as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. You may comprise so that it may determine to.

(E) In the case of executing the circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation pump 19 to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 as the water quality lowering suppression process, as a specific form of the circulation stop process The embodiment is not limited to the above-described fourth embodiment.
For example, the fuel cell 1 may be configured to be stopped until the replacement state is detected by the hot water / water replacement detection means 33.
Alternatively, in the cooling water circulation path 13, a bypass path for bypassing and flowing through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is provided, and an exhaust heat recovery state in which the cooling water is circulated through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, and A flow path switching means capable of switching the flow path to a bypass state in which the cooling water is circulated through the bypass path is provided, and the flow path switching means is operated in a state where the fuel cell 1 is operated in the circulation stop processing. May be configured to control the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 so as to switch to the bypass state, operate the radiator 29, and stop the hot water circulation in the hot water storage circulation path 18.
Incidentally, while the circulation stop process is executed, the radiator 29 is radiated with heat so that the fuel cell 1 is operated at a power generation output smaller than the current power load currently required, such as operation at a minimum output. It is preferable to reduce the amount of heat that is wasted.

(F) In the third embodiment, as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration, the effective time period is obtained for each of the plurality of setting determination periods having different operation cycles, and a plurality of setting determination periods are obtained. Of these, the fuel cell 1 is operated with the effective time zone of the setting determination period in which the predicted energy reduction amount is maximum as the operation time zone, and the time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period in which the predicted energy reduction amount is maximum. However, instead of this, an effective time zone is obtained for a single setting determination period, and the obtained effective time zone is determined. The fuel cell 1 is operated in the operation time zone, and the conditions for stopping the fuel cell 1 in the time zone other than the operation time zone in the setting determination period are set as the stop time zone. May be.
In this case, the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multi-cycle type for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to either the two-day type with two operation cycles or the three-day type with three operation cycles. And the effective time zone will be calculated | required about the load follow-up intermittent operation form corresponding to the set multiple-cycle corresponding type for the water quality fall suppression.

(G) The operating conditions of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process are limited to the conditions exemplified in the first to third embodiments, that is, the conditions for stopping the fuel cell 1 over the entire setting process period. Instead, for example, the fuel cell 1 may be set to operate at the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range over the entire setting processing period.

(H) The specific configuration of the hot water change detection means 33 is not limited to the configuration exemplified in the first embodiment, that is, the case where the hot water temperature sensor St is used. For example, a plurality of hot and cold water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, and Sb at the tank upper part, middle upper part, middle lower part, and tank bottom part may be used. In this case, the state in which all of the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, and Sb detect the temperature within the set low temperature range corresponds to the detection of the switching state.

(L) In the first embodiment, the specific setting time of the set non-replacement allowable time can be set other than the exemplified time. In the second embodiment, the specific setting non-heating allowable time is specific. Such a set time can be set other than the exemplified time, and in the third embodiment, the specific set time of the set residence allowable time can be set other than the exemplified time.

(Nu) In the above embodiment, the case where the hot water supply path 17 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18 is illustrated, but the hot water supply path 17 is directly connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2. Also good. In the above embodiment, the case where the water supply path 16 is connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18 is illustrated, but the water supply path 16 may be directly connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2. good.

(L) The setting procedure for setting increased output in the forced continuous operation mode and the forced intermittent operation mode is not limited to the procedure exemplified in the above embodiment.
For example, the procedure for setting power with a large set increase rate with respect to the predicted power load, the procedure for setting to the maximum output in the power generation output adjustment range, or the provisional set increase output in a plurality of stages is rounded out, and the above equations 6 to A procedure may be used in which the temporarily set increase output having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount obtained by Expression 8 is set as the set increase output.
Moreover, the setting procedure of the setting suppression output in the suppression continuous operation mode and the suppression intermittent operation mode is not limited to the procedure exemplified in the above embodiment.
For example, the procedure for setting power with a small set reduction rate with respect to the predicted power load, the procedure for setting to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range, or the provisional setting suppression output in a plurality of stages is round-robin, A procedure for setting the temporary setting suppression output having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount obtained by Expression 8 as the setting suppression output may be used.

(W) In the above embodiment, the operation mode with the maximum amount of predicted energy reduction is determined as the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 among the plurality of types of operation modes in the normal operation state, and the fuel cell is operated in the determined operation mode. However, the present invention is not limited to the case where the fuel cell 1 is configured to operate with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount among a plurality of types of operation modes. You may comprise so that it may set to the driving | running form with large predicted energy reduction amount, such as a driving | running form with the 2nd or 3rd largest predicted energy reduction amount among seed | species driving | running forms.
Moreover, you may comprise so that the fuel cell 1 may be drive | operated by the preset operation form, for example, the present electric power load follow-up operation.

(W) A specific setting example of the operation cycle is not limited to one day illustrated in each of the first to fourth embodiments.
Further, the management time is not limited to one hour exemplified in each of the first to fourth embodiments, and may be set shorter than one hour or set longer than one hour. Also good.
The time-series water supply amount data and the time-series hot water circulation amount data are managed for each management time set as described above.
For example, in each of the second and third embodiments, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is blocked by the water supply block for each management time and the heated block for each management time at each start time of the management time. In dividing, the minimum value of the hot water capacity of each block of the water supply block for each management time and the heated block for each management time becomes smaller as the management time becomes shorter. For example, the management time is reduced to 3 minutes. If set, the minimum value of the hot water capacity of each block is, for example, about 0.5 liter.
By the way, the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water storage circulation path 18 is continuously performed for a long time, such as being continuously performed all day or continuously for several hours or more. However, water supply to the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 is intermittently performed with a short execution time such as one minute or several minutes.
Therefore, as the management time is set shorter, the time-series water supply data can be managed in a state adapted to the actual water supply form to the hot water tank 2, so that the water quality deterioration suppressing process is executed more accurately. can do.

(F) The driving merit is not limited to the energy saving such as the predicted energy reduction amount exemplified in the above embodiment. For example, the economics such as the predicted energy cost reduction amount and the predicted carbon dioxide reduction amount It is also possible to use environmental properties such as
Incidentally, the predicted energy cost reduction amount can be obtained by subtracting the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated from the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated.
The energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the cost when purchasing all of the predicted power load from the commercial power source 7 and the energy cost when supplying the predicted heat load with the auxiliary heater 27 (fuel cost). ).
On the other hand, the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated is estimated as the energy cost (fuel cost) of the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1. Auxiliary heaters for the cost of purchasing power from the commercial power supply 7 corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted generated power from the power load, and the short heat load corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat usage from the predicted heat load It is calculated as the sum of the energy cost (fuel cost) when supplementing with the generated heat of 27.

The predicted carbon dioxide reduction amount can be obtained by subtracting the carbon dioxide generation amount when the fuel cell 1 is operated from the carbon dioxide generation amount when the fuel cell 1 is not operated.
The amount of carbon dioxide generated when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the amount of carbon dioxide generated when purchasing all of the predicted power load from the commercial power source 7 and when the auxiliary heater 27 covers all of the predicted heat load. Calculated as the sum of carbon dioxide generation.
On the other hand, the amount of carbon dioxide generated when the fuel cell 1 is operated is the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1, and The amount of carbon dioxide generated when power is purchased from the commercial power source 7 corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted power generation from the predicted power load, and the amount of heat shortage corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat usage from the predicted heat load Is calculated as the sum of the amount of carbon dioxide generated when the heat is supplemented by the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27.

(Yo) In said embodiment, although illustrated about the case where the heat consumption terminal 3 was provided and the heat load combined the hot water supply heat load and the terminal heat load, the case where the heat consumption terminal 3 is not provided Therefore, the heat load is only the hot water supply heat load. Further, when the temperature of the heat medium required in the heat consuming terminal 3 is higher than the temperature of the cooling water from which the heat generated from the fuel cell 1 is recovered, the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided with the heat Use only hot water supply heat load.

(T) As the cogeneration device, the fuel cell 1 is applied in each of the above-described embodiments. In addition to this, for example, various devices such as a configuration in which a generator is driven by a gas engine may be applied. Can do.

(L) In each of the above-described embodiments, the operation control means 5 uses a time-series predicted power load and a time-series predicted hot water supply load as normal operation conditions for operating the fuel cell 1 as the combined heat and power supply device. Although the case where conditions for operating the fuel cell 1 are determined so as to cover the above is illustrated, various conditions can be defined as normal operating conditions.
For example, the operation control means 5 may be configured to uniformly determine a condition for causing the output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the current power load, that is, a so-called main operation condition, as the normal operation condition. In this case, the operation control means 5 may be configured to determine a condition for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to an output lower than the current power load as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. The output lower than the current power load is an output obtained by subtracting the set amount from the current power load, or half of the current power load or a quarter of the current power load. The output can be set as the output, and the minimum output in the output adjustment range is also possible.

(So) In the above embodiment, the operation control means 5 controls the circulating amount of hot water so that the temperature detected by the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh becomes a preset target heating temperature (for example, 60 ° C) in the circulation control process. The case where the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is controlled to be adjusted is exemplified, but the setting of the target heating temperature can be variously changed. For example, as the target heating temperature, a lower limit temperature (for example, 60 ° C.) and an upper limit temperature (for example, 75 ° C.) are set, and when the temperature of the heated hot water becomes lower than the lower limit temperature, the circulation amount is decreased, The temperature of the heated hot water is set to be equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature, and when the temperature of the heated hot water is higher than the upper limit temperature, the circulation amount is increased and the temperature of the heated hot water becomes lower than the upper limit temperature. You may do it.
In the above embodiment, the description of the adjustment of the cooling water circulation amount in the cooling water circulation path 13 of the fuel cell 1 is omitted, but generally the inlet temperature of the cooling water returning to the fuel cell 1 and the discharge from the fuel cell 1 are omitted. The cooling water outlet temperature is measured, and the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15 is controlled to adjust the cooling water circulation amount so that the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature approach the appropriate temperature. Various control configurations can be changed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cogeneration apparatus 2 Hot water storage tank 5 Operation control means 16 Water supply path 17 Hot water supply path 18 Hot water circulation circuit 19 Hot water circulation means H Heating means

The first characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is a combined heat and power device that generates both electric power and heat,
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
In the cogeneration system configured to execute the water quality lowering suppression process when it comes to the water quality lowering suppression timing that suppresses the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank ,
The operation control means is configured to execute a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation means so as to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank as the water quality deterioration suppressing process.

The second characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention includes a combined heat and power device that generates both electric power and heat,
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
In the cogeneration system configured to execute the water quality lowering suppression process when it comes to the water quality lowering suppression timing that suppresses the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank ,
In the case where the operation control means is in the operation of the combined heat and power device and the hot water circulating means is operating when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing, the hot water and water supply device is in operation. When the operation stop condition for stopping the operation is satisfied and the operation stop condition is satisfied and the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means are stopped, the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank is Until it is determined that the temperature is within the set low temperature range, standby hot water replacement processing for stopping the operation of the heating means and the operation of the hot water circulation means is performed.

The third feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the second feature configuration described above,
In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, When the standby time is equal to or longer than the standby allowable time, the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means are forcibly stopped, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is a temperature within the set low temperature range. Until it is determined, the forced stop type hot water replacement process for stopping the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means is performed.

The fourth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the above-described second or third characteristic configuration,
In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, during the waiting, it hot water of the total amount of case and the hot water storage tank that hot water of the total amount of the hot water storage tank is a temperature within the preset low temperature range is determined is a temperature in the setting high temperature range When it is determined, the standby-type hot-water replacement process is configured to be stopped.

The fifth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is the above first to eighth feature configurations,
The operation control means is
The normal operation condition is that the conditions for operating the combined heat and power supply device are determined so as to cover at least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted hot water supply heat load.

The sixth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to fifth feature configurations,
When the time during which the operation control means continues the state in which the total amount or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is not replaced with water from the water supply channel is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement allowable time, the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. The point is that it is configured to discriminate.

The seventh feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to fifth feature configurations,
The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Non-heated storage in which hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being heated by the heating means after hot water is supplied through the water supply channel based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank The hot water whose time is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, and the non-reheating storage time in which the hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being reheated by the heating means after being heated by the heating means If it is determined that there is at least one of hot and cold water that is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, it is determined that it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

The eighth feature configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is any one of the first to fifth feature configurations described above.
The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank, when it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time stays in the hot water tank after being supplied through the water supply channel is equal to or longer than a set retention allowable time. In this point, it is configured to discriminate when the water quality lowering suppression timing comes.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of the cogeneration system which concerns on embodiment The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in reference 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the water supply amount data per time for management time series and the hot water circulation amount data per time series management time The figure which shows the block division of the hot water of the hot water tank in reference 2nd embodiment The figure which shows the block division of the hot water of the hot water tank in reference 3rd embodiment The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in reference 3rd Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action in 2nd Embodiment of this invention .

[ Reference First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system recovers the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 as a cogeneration device that generates electric power and heat, and the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 with cooling water, and uses the cooling water. From the hot water storage / heating unit 4 for storing hot water in the hot water tank 2 and supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3, the operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water storage / heating unit 4, etc. It is configured. Incidentally, as the heat consuming terminal 3, a floor heating device, a bathroom heating dryer, a fan convector or the like is provided.

Further, a hot water / water change detection means 33 is provided for detecting a change state in which the total amount or substantially the entire amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel 16.
In the first embodiment of this reference, the hot water change detection means 33 is constituted by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St. That is, since the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in a state in which temperature stratification is formed, the hot water temperature in the case where it is present in the hot water storage tank 2 without being heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is as follows. The state in which the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects the predicted temperature within the set low temperature range corresponds to the detection of the replacement state.
Incidentally, the state in which the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects a temperature higher than the set low temperature range is a state in which the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is not replaced by the water supplied through the water supply channel 16. is there.

And in this reference 1st Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 performs the said normal operation process in the setting process period after the said circulation control process and the said water quality fall suppression timing as the said water quality fall suppression process Then, when it is assumed that the water quality deterioration suppressing operation condition is set to lower the total power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 within the set processing period than the total power generation amount generated by the fuel cell 1, the water quality reduction suppression A suppression operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 based on operating conditions is executed.

Further, in the first embodiment of this reference, the operation control unit 5 executes the normal operation condition setting process for determining the normal operation condition for each start point of the operation cycle composed of a plurality of management times. A normal operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 under normal operation conditions determined in the normal operation condition setting process is executed.
The operation control unit 5 determines hot water storage state in the hot water storage tank 2 while an operation switch (not shown) provided in the remote control operation unit 5a in the cogeneration system is in an ON state. When the state determination process is executed and it is determined in the hot water storage state determination process that the stored state of the hot water is a state where it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the quality of the hot water, it is determined that it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. ing. The details of the hot water storage state determination process will be described later.

And the operation control part 5 discriminate | determines whether it was discriminate | determined that it became the water quality fall suppression timing in the hot water storage state discrimination | determination process in the driving cycle just before that at the start time of a driving cycle, and water quality fall suppression timing When it is determined that the operation cycle has started, it is determined that the start time of the operation cycle is a state of water quality reduction that needs to be suppressed, and the setting is performed from the start time of the operation cycle. As the treatment period starts, at the start of the operation cycle, the operation condition setting process for suppression that determines the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration is executed, and the water quality decrease suppression determined in the operation condition setting process for suppression is performed. A suppression operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 based on operating conditions is executed.
Incidentally, the setting processing period is configured by one operation cycle or a plurality of operation cycles. In the first embodiment of this reference, the setting processing period is one operation cycle. It is configured.

Incidentally, in the first embodiment of this reference, during the setting process period, when the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St detects the temperature within the set low temperature range, it is determined that the state is changed, and during the setting process period, When the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St does not detect the temperature within the set low temperature range, it is determined that the tank has not been switched.
Further, in the first embodiment of this reference, the operation condition of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process is set to a condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 over the entire setting process period.

That is, during the normal operation process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 9, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled based on the normal operation condition set in the normal operation condition setting process in step # 4.
Further, during the execution of the water quality lowering suppression process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 9 operates the fuel cell 1 based on the water quality lowering suppression operating condition set in the suppression operating condition setting process in step # 5. Is controlled. In addition, during the execution of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 9 performs the operation of the combustion cell 1 based on the operation condition set in the extension operation condition setting process in step # 8. In the first embodiment of this reference, the fuel cell 1 is stopped.

Hereinafter, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 supplies the total or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 based on the detection information of the hot water replacement detection means 33. When the non-replacement state continuation time in which the state that is not replaced continues is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement allowable time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.
That is, in the first embodiment of this reference, in the hot water storage state determination process, the non-replacement state duration is determined as the hot water storage state in the hot water tank 2, and the non-replacement state duration is set. When the non-replacement allowable time is reached, the hot water storage state of the hot water tank 2 is determined to be a state in which it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the hot water quality, and it is determined that it is time to suppress the deterioration of the water quality.

As described above, in the first embodiment of this reference, since the hot water change detection means 33 is constituted by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St, the operation control unit 5 performs the hot water storage state determination process. Starts measurement of the non-replacement state when the temperature detected by the tank upper hot water temperature sensor St becomes higher than the set low temperature range, and does not change when the temperature detected by the tank upper water temperature sensor St reaches a temperature within the set low temperature range. In a state where the state duration is reset to 0, the non-replacement state duration is measured, and when the non-replacement state duration exceeds the set non-replacement permissible time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. Yes.
Incidentally, the set non-replacement allowable time is set to 96 hours, for example.

Hereinafter, the suppression operation condition setting process will be described.
In the first embodiment of this reference, the operation control unit 5 is configured to determine a water quality reduction suppression operation time zone and a water quality reduction suppression power generation output as the water quality reduction suppression operation conditions.
In the first embodiment of this reference, the operation control unit 5 determines the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 within the set processing period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. Can be replaced with water from the water supply channel 16, with the operation time zone defined in the operation mode for normal operation set as the operation time zone for water quality reduction suppression, the power output for water quality reduction suppression is normally operated. It is comprised so that it may determine so that it may become smaller than the prediction electric power generation output determined in the driving | operation form for this.
Further, even if the operation control unit 5 sets the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range over the entire operation time period defined in the operation mode for normal operation, the setting process When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will not be replaced within the period, the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 can be replaced. In the set state, the operation time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to be shorter than the operation time zone determined in the operation mode for normal operation.

[ Reference Second Embodiment]
A reference second embodiment will be described below.
As shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, in the second embodiment of this reference, the circulation amount for detecting the circulation amount of hot water per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18 through the hot water storage circuit 18. A sensor Qc is provided, and the hot water supply path 17 is provided with a delivery amount sensor Qs for detecting the amount of hot water delivered per unit time delivered through the hot water supply path 17.
Since the entire configuration of the cogeneration system is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except that the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided, the description of the entire configuration is omitted. .
When the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and the circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel, the hot water is not used as described in the first embodiment of the above reference . The flow rate sensor Qs detects the flow rate including the flow rate of hot water supplied from the hot water storage circulation path 18 to the hot water supply path 17 as the hot water supply volume per unit time sent through the hot water supply path 17. It will be.

This reference second embodiment describes another embodiment of the hot water storage state determination process and the water quality deterioration suppression process, and the normal operation process is the same as that of the reference first embodiment described above. Is omitted.

First, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 passes time-series water supply amount data about the water supply amount per unit time from the water supply passage 16 to the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water storage circulation passage 18. The hot water storage heat exchange is performed after hot water is supplied through the water supply channel 16 based on the time-series hot water circulation amount data about the circulating amount of hot water per unit time and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 without being heated by the vessel 24 (that is, corresponding to the heating means H) is a hot water for which the non-heating storage time is longer than the set non-heating allowable time, and the hot water is the heat for hot water storage. Less hot water in which the non-reheating storage time stored in the hot water storage tank 2 without being reheated in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 after being heated in the exchanger 24 is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time. When If it is determined that one is present, it is configured to determine to be a the water suppressing reduction timing.
That is, in this reference second embodiment, in the hot water storage state determination process, the hot water storage state in the hot water storage tank 2 is set as the hot water storage state, and the non-heated storage time and non-reheat storage of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 are performed. If there is at least one of hot water whose non-heating storage time is equal to or greater than the set non-heat allowable time and hot water whose non-reheat storage time is equal to or greater than the set non-heat allowable time, It is determined that the storage state of the hot water is a state where it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the quality of the hot water, and it is determined that the timing for suppressing the deterioration of the water is reached.

Data management processing for managing time-series water supply amount data, time-series hot water circulation amount data, and capacity data of the hot water tank 2 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The capacity data of the hot water tank 2 is stored in the memory of the operation control unit 5. In the second embodiment of this reference, since the capacity of the hot water tank 2 is 200 liters, 200 liters is stored in the memory as capacity data.

When the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and the circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation passage 18 are performed in parallel, the hot water is not used as described in the first embodiment of the above reference . Since the fluid flows, time-series water supply amount data from the water supply path 16 to the hot water tank 2 is managed in a state including the water supplied directly to the hot water storage circuit 18 without being supplied to the hot water tank 2. It will be.

At 8 o'clock on January 1, consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 17 and circulation of hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water circulation circuit 18 are performed in parallel . In the second embodiment, in the management time in which the consumption of hot water at the hot water supply destination and the circulation of hot water through the hot water storage circulation path 18 are performed in parallel, of the water supplied through the water supply path 16 The amount corresponding to the amount of hot water circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18 is not stored in the bottom of the hot water tank 2 but is circulated through the hot water storage circuit 18 and heated by the hot water heat exchanger 24. Then, it is assumed that it is sent out through the hot water supply path 17.
In other words, the water supply amount data per management time is 40 liters, and the hot water circulation amount data per management time is 10 liters. Therefore, out of 40 liters of water supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2, Suppose 30 liters excluding 10 liters circulated through the circulation path 18 is the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount, and the water of the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount is stored at the bottom of the hot water tank 2.
Therefore, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 1st, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), a water supply block with a water supply date and time of 8:00 on January 1st and a hot water amount of 30 liters, Water supply date and time is 1:00 on January 1 and the hot water volume is 140 liters. Heated date and time is 2:00 on January 1 and the heated block is 10 liters in hot water and the heating date and time is 3 on January 1. 5 blocks of heated blocks with hot water amount of 10 liters and heated blocks with heating date and time of 4 o'clock on January 1st and hot water amount of 10 liters are divided into blocks in a state where they are lined up from below.

Next, the water quality deterioration suppressing process will be described.
In the reference second embodiment as well, the setting process period is constituted by one operation cycle.
As in the first embodiment of the above reference, the operation control unit 5 defines the circulation control process and the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression as the water quality reduction suppression process and sets the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression to the operation condition. The fuel cell 1 is controlled so as to perform a suppression operation process, and as the water quality deterioration suppression operation condition, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is within the set processing period. It is comprised so that the driving | running condition which can be expected to be replaced with the water from 16 is defined.
Moreover, the said operation control part 5 is comprised so that the operation time slot | zone for water quality reduction suppression and the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression may be defined as the said water quality reduction suppression operating condition similarly to 1st Embodiment of said reference . However, the configuration for determining the water quality deterioration suppressing operation time zone and the water quality deterioration suppressing power generation output is different from that of the first embodiment.

That is, in the second embodiment of this reference, the operation control unit 5 performs hot water in the hot water tank 2 within the set processing period based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load. In order to replace the total amount of water with water from the water supply channel 16, the power generation output for water quality reduction suppression is set in a state where the entire time zone in which the predicted power load is generated during the setting processing period is set as the operation time zone for water quality reduction suppression. It is comprised so that it may determine so that it may become smaller than the prediction electric power load in a period.
Further, even if the operation control unit 5 sets the power output for water quality reduction suppression to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range over the entire time period in which the predicted power load occurs in the setting processing period, the operation processing unit 5 does not fall within the setting processing period. When it is predicted that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 will not be replaced, the state in which the power output for suppressing water quality deterioration is set to the minimum output of the power generation output adjustment range so that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 can be replaced Thus, it is configured to set the time zone for suppressing water quality deterioration within the setting processing period.

Hereinafter, the setting procedure of the power generation output for suppressing the temporary water quality deterioration will be described.
The suppression output setting coefficients for setting the temporary water drop suppressing power output by multiplying the predicted power loads, is set similarly to the first embodiment of the above references.
Then, the temporary output reduction power generation output is set to be small stepwise by sequentially reducing the suppression output setting coefficient and multiplying it by the predicted power load.
Since the procedure for determining whether or not the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is replaced during the operation cycle is the same as that described in the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

Flowchart of a control operation of the driving control unit 5 in the main control process is similar to the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment of the above references, and description thereof is omitted.
In the reference second embodiment, in step # 7 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, when the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into a water supply block and a heated block, the hot water storage is performed during the set processing period. When the entire tank 2 becomes a water supply block, it is determined that the state has been changed, and during the setting process period, when the entire hot water tank 2 has not become a water supply block, it is determined that the change has not been made. ing.
As in the reference first embodiment, in step # 8 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, the operating condition of the extension water quality reduction suppressing process is set to a condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 over the entire setting process period. It is configured.
Further, in the fuel cell operation control of Step # 9 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, the water quality degradation in which the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is set for each management time in the water quality degradation suppressing operation time zone in the setting processing period. If it is adjusted to the power generation output for suppression and it is not the final point of the set processing period at the end of the operation period for suppressing water quality deterioration, the final point of the set processing period from the end point of the operating period for suppressing water quality deterioration Up to this point, the fuel cell 1 is configured to be stopped.

[ Reference Third Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a reference third embodiment will be described.
As indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1, in the third embodiment of the reference, the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided as in the second embodiment of reference .
Since the entire configuration of the cogeneration system is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except that the circulation amount sensor Qc and the delivery amount sensor Qs are provided, the description of the entire configuration is omitted. .

  This reference third embodiment describes another embodiment of the hot water storage state determination process and the water quality deterioration suppression process, and the normal operation process is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. To do.

First, the hot water storage state determination process will be described.
In the hot water storage state determination process, the operation control unit 5 passes time-series water supply amount data about the water supply amount per unit time from the water supply passage 16 to the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water storage circulation passage 18. Based on the time-series hot water circulation amount data about the hot water circulation amount per unit time to be circulated and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2, the hot water is supplied through the water supply path 16 and then stays in the hot water tank 2. When it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time is equal to or longer than the set residence allowable time, it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.
That is, in this reference third embodiment, in the hot water storage state determination process, the hot water storage state in the hot water tank 2 is determined as the hot water storage state, and the hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 is determined. If there is hot water that is longer than the set retention allowable time, it is determined that the hot water storage state of the hot water tank 2 is a state in which it is necessary to suppress the deterioration of the hot water quality, and it is determined that the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. It is configured.

  Since the data management processing for managing the time-series water supply amount data, the time-series hot water circulation amount data, and the capacity data of the hot water tank 2 by the operation control unit 5 is the same as in the second embodiment, Description is omitted.

Hereinafter, the management of the residence time will be described. In the third embodiment of this reference, as in the second embodiment of the above reference , water supply per management time as shown in FIG. A description will be given on the assumption that the volume control data and the hot water circulation volume data per time-series management time are managed by the operation control unit 5.
As shown in FIG. 5, as in the second embodiment of reference shown in FIG. 4, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is heated at each management time and the heating block for each management time and heating at every management time, at the start of the management time. In FIG. 5, in each block, the water supply date and time and the amount of hot water in each block are set to (1/1, 1) (140) or (1/1, 1), respectively. ) (10) In addition, the heated block is indicated by the sign “#”.
That is, the date and time of water supply is shown in () on the left side in each block, and the amount of hot water is shown in () on the right side.
For example, for (1/1, 1) (140) of the lowermost block in the 8:00 block division on January 1, “1/1, 1” in () on the left side is the water supply date and time. It indicates 1 o'clock on January 1 and “140” in parentheses on the right side indicates that the amount of hot water is 140 liters.

8 o'clock of January 1, a hot water circulation of the hot water tank 2 through hot water consumption and hot-water storage circulation path 18 in the hot water supply destination are performed in parallel through the hot-water supply path 17, the above-mentioned reference As in the second embodiment, of 40 liters of water supplied to the bottom of the hot water tank 2, 30 liters excluding 10 liters circulated through the hot water circulation path 18 are used as the water supply circulation parallel water supply amount. It is assumed that the water supply amount in parallel with the water supply circulation is stored in the bottom of the hot water tank 2.
Therefore, at the start of the management time at 9 o'clock on January 1st, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the water supply date and time is 8 o'clock on January 1st and the amount of hot water is 30 liters. 5 of 3 heated blocks with a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 and a hot water volume of 140 liters, and a water supply date of 1 January on January 1 with a hot water volume of 10 liters The blocks are divided into blocks in a state of being lined up from below.

Hereinafter, the said water quality fall suppression process is demonstrated.
In the reference third embodiment, the setting process period is constituted by a plurality of operation cycles.
As in the first embodiment of the above reference, the operation control unit 5 defines the circulation control process and the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression as the water quality reduction suppression process and sets the operation condition for water quality reduction suppression to the operation condition. The fuel cell 1 is controlled so as to perform a suppression operation process, and as the water quality deterioration suppression operation condition, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is within the set processing period. It is comprised so that the driving | running condition which can be expected to be replaced with the water from 16 is defined.

And in this reference 3rd Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 is in the setting discrimination | determination period in which the driving | operation period (equivalent to a period) containing several management time continues as said water quality fall suppression driving | running condition. When it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is operated in the first cycle and the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the remaining cycle, the hot water storage tank 2 is passed when the setting determination period elapses even during the first cycle. At least the time-series predicted power load and the time-series time period in which the total amount or almost the entire amount of hot water is replaced with water from the water supply channel 16 and the operation merit by operation is high. A time other than the operation time period in the setting determination period when the fuel cell 1 is operated using the determined effective time period as the operation time period. The is configured to determine the condition for stopping the fuel cell 1 as the stop time period.

In the third embodiment of this reference, similarly to the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multiple cycles for normal operation, the number of operation cycles is two as the load follow intermittent operation mode corresponding to the multiple cycles for suppressing water quality deterioration. The two-day compatible type and the three-day compatible type having three operation cycles are included.
Then, the effective time zone is obtained for the load follow intermittent operation mode for each of the two-day type and the three-day type for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, the effective time zone for each of a plurality of setting determination periods having different operation cycles. Will be asked.

A two-day load follow intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, that is, an effective time zone of a setting determination period having two operation cycles is obtained as follows.
That is, as described in the first embodiment of the above reference, for each of the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory, as described in the first embodiment of the reference, the daily operation type for normal operation is used. As in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following intermittent operation mode, it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state in which the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern. Thus, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained based on the equations 6 to 8, and further, the predicted heat output and the predicted hot water storage heat amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
Then, of all the temporary operation patterns, the temporary operation pattern in which the predicted hot water storage amount of the final management time in the first operation cycle is larger than 0 is selected as the temporary operation pattern of the two-day type, and the first reference As described in the embodiment, as in the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for normal operation, the initial operation cycle of all the two-day temporary operation patterns is determined. Assuming that the predicted hot water storage amount for the last management time was used as the predicted heat load for the second operation cycle, the predicted hot water storage amount and the predicted heat load were used for each of the plurality of management times for the second operation cycle. Obtain the predicted heat usage.

Further, as described in the first embodiment for reference, each of the two-day tentative temporary operation patterns is similar to the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day responsive load following intermittent operation mode for normal operation. Prediction is made by adding the energy consumption in the case of supplementing the total amount of heat used (converted to kWh) in the second operation cycle with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 27 to the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for each. The amount of energy reduction is obtained, and the amount of energy saved per operation cycle (one day) is divided by 2 to obtain the amount of energy saved per operation cycle (one day) as the amount of predicted energy reduction for the two-day provisional operation pattern. .
Then, a temporary operation pattern in which the management time for which the predicted hot water storage amount is 0 is present in the second operation cycle is selected from all the two-day temporary operation patterns, and the selected temporary operation pattern Among them, the operation time zone in the temporary operation pattern with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount is determined as the effective time zone in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration, and the temporary operation with the maximum predicted energy reduction amount The predicted energy reduction amount of the pattern is set as the predicted energy reduction amount in the two-day load follow-up intermittent operation mode for suppressing water quality deterioration.

That is, during the normal operation process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled based on the normal operation condition set in the normal operation condition setting process in step # 15.
In addition, during the water quality reduction suppressing process, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the fuel cell 1 is operated based on the water quality deterioration suppressing operation condition set in the suppression operating condition setting process in step # 16. Is controlled. In addition, during the execution of the extension water quality reduction suppression process, the fuel cell operation control in step # 20 causes the combustion cell 1 to operate based on the operation conditions set in the extension operation condition setting process in step # 19. In the third embodiment of this reference, the fuel cell 1 is stopped.

In the reference third embodiment, in step # 18, when the hot water in the hot water tank 2 is divided into the water supply block and the heated block, the hot water tank 2 is switched to the water supply block when the entire hot water tank 2 becomes the water supply block. When the entire hot water storage tank 2 does not become a water supply block during the set processing period, it is determined that it has not changed.
Further, in the fuel cell operation control in step # 20, the current power load following operation is performed in which the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 follows the currently requested current power load during the operation time period of the setting determination period. The fuel cell 1 is stopped during the stop time period of the setting determination period.
That is, the operation control 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 so as to output electric power according to the electric power load during the operation time period in the setting determination period, and the stop time in the setting determination period. In the belt, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is controlled so as to stop the power generation.

First Embodiment
Hereinafter will be described a first embodiment of the present invention, the first embodiment is for explaining another embodiment of a water drop suppression process, the overall configuration of a cogeneration system, normal operation processing and hot water storage state Since the determination process is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted, and the water quality reduction suppressing process will be mainly described.

In the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 executes a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation pump 19 so as to stop the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 as the water quality lowering suppression process. It is configured.
And in this 1st Embodiment, the said operation control part 5 stops the fuel cell 1 in the one part time slot | zone in a driving | running period, and makes the electric power generation output of the fuel cell 1 track an estimated electric power load in the remaining time slot | zone. Assuming that the stop time zone during which the fuel cell 1 is stopped is based on the time-series predicted power load and the time-series predicted heat load, the total amount or almost the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 during the operation cycle. It replaces with the water from the water supply path 16, and it is comprised so that it may determine so that a prediction energy reduction amount may become the maximum.
The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 so as to stop the power generation in the stop time period in the operation cycle and stops the hot water circulation in the hot water storage circuit 18. The current stoppage processing for controlling the operation of the circulation pump 19 is executed, and the power output of the fuel cell 1 is made to follow the current power load currently requested in the operation time zone other than the stop time zone in the operation cycle. The hot water circulating pump 19 is used to adjust the amount of hot water circulating in the hot water circulating circuit 18 so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the load following operation processing and the hot water heat exchanger 24 becomes the target heating temperature. Is configured to execute a circulation control process for controlling the operation.

Hereinafter, the procedure for determining the stop time zone will be described.
As described in the first embodiment of the above reference, each of the temporary operation patterns for all intermittent operations is similar to the case of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the daily follow-up intermittent load operation mode for normal operation. Assuming that the fuel cell 1 is operated in a state where the power generation output is adjusted to the main output in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern, the predicted energy reduction amount based on the above formulas 6 to 8 P is obtained, and further, a predicted heat output and a predicted hot water storage amount are obtained for each management time in the first operation cycle.
Then, a temporary operation pattern in which the management time at which the predicted hot water storage amount is 0 is present in the operation cycle is selected from all the temporary operation patterns for intermittent operation, and the predicted energy is selected from the selected temporary operation patterns. The stop time zone determined in the temporary operation pattern with the maximum reduction amount is determined as the stop time zone in which the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the water quality reduction suppressing process.

[ Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, although 2nd Embodiment is described, this 2nd Embodiment demonstrates another embodiment of a water quality fall suppression process, Comprising: The whole structure of a cogeneration system is the same as that of reference 1st Embodiment. , and the then normal operation process and hot water storage state judgment processing of the fuel cell 1 is similar to the first embodiment of the reference.
Therefore, in order to omit redundant description, illustration and description of the entire configuration of the cogeneration system, description of normal operation processing of the fuel cell 1 and hot water storage state determination processing are omitted, and mainly water quality deterioration suppression processing. As necessary, the entire configuration of the cogeneration system and the hot water storage state determination process will be additionally described.

In the second embodiment, the operation control unit 5 is operating the fuel cell 1 and operating the hot water circulation pump 19 when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing. In this case, the system waits until the operation stop condition for stopping the operation of the fuel cell 1 is satisfied, that is, the operation of the combined heat and power supply and the operation of the hot water circulation means are continued, and the operation stop condition is satisfied and the fuel is stopped. When the operation of the battery 1 and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 are stopped, the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water circulation pump until the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is determined to be within the set low temperature range described above. It is comprised so that the standby type hot-water replacement | exchange process which stops the action | operation of 19 may be performed.
In addition, when the operation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped at the time when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is set to the set low temperature range. Until it is determined that the temperature is within the range, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is stopped.

Further, in the second embodiment, when the operation control unit 5 reaches the water quality deterioration suppression timing, the operation stop condition is determined by operating the fuel cell 1 and operating the hot water circulation pump 19. When the standby time is longer than the allowable standby time (for example, 24 hours), the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 are forcibly stopped and the hot water tank 2 is Until the total amount of hot water is determined to be within the set low temperature range, the forced stop hot water replacement process for stopping the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water circulation pump 19 is executed. Yes.

Further, in the second embodiment, when the operation control unit 5 comes to the water quality deterioration suppression timing, the operation stop condition is satisfied because the fuel cell 1 is operating and the hot water circulation pump 19 is operating. In the case where it is determined that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank 2 is a temperature within the set low temperature range, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is When it is determined that the temperature is within the set high temperature range, the standby type hot / cold water replacement process is stopped, assuming that the end condition is satisfied.

Next, the control operation of the operation control unit 5 in the second embodiment will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
First, it is determined whether or not the fuel cell operation process is continued for a set time, that is, whether or not the fuel cell 1 is continuously operated for a set time (# 31). In order to temporarily stop the fuel cell 1, a fuel cell stop process is executed (# 32). Then, after the fuel cell stop process is executed, the process proceeds to a process of # 42 described later.

[Another embodiment]
Then explaining another embodiment.

(B) as said water drop suppression process, if you run a circulation stopping process for controlling the hot water circulation pump 19 to stop the hot water circulation of the hot water storage tank 2, as a specific form of the circulatory arrest process The present invention is not limited to the first embodiment.
For example, the fuel cell 1 may be configured to be stopped until the replacement state is detected by the hot water / water replacement detection means 33.
Alternatively, in the cooling water circulation path 13, a bypass path for bypassing and flowing through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is provided, and an exhaust heat recovery state in which the cooling water is circulated through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, and A flow path switching means capable of switching the flow path to a bypass state in which the cooling water is circulated through the bypass path is provided, and the flow path switching means is operated in a state where the fuel cell 1 is operated in the circulation stop processing. May be configured to control the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 so as to switch to the bypass state, operate the radiator 29, and stop the hot water circulation in the hot water storage circulation path 18.
Incidentally, while the circulation stop process is executed, the radiator 29 is radiated with heat so that the fuel cell 1 is operated at a power generation output smaller than the current power load currently required, such as operation at a minimum output. It is preferable to reduce the amount of heat that is wasted.

Specific structure of (b) hot water turnover detecting means 33, the configuration illustrated in the first embodiment of the above references, i.e., not limited to the case of constituting in the bath upper hot water temperature sensor St. For example, a plurality of hot and cold water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, Sb at the tank upper part, middle upper part, middle lower part and tank bottom part may be used. In this case, the state in which all of the plurality of hot water temperature sensors St, Sm, Sn, and Sb detect the temperature within the set low temperature range corresponds to the detection of the switching state.

( C ) In the above embodiment, the case where the hot water supply path 17 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18 is illustrated, but the hot water supply path 17 is directly connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2. Also good. In the above embodiment, the case where the water supply path 16 is connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2 via the hot water storage circulation path 18 is illustrated, but the water supply path 16 may be directly connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 2. good.

( D ) The setting procedure for setting increased output in the forced continuous operation mode and the forced intermittent operation mode is not limited to the procedure exemplified in the above embodiment.
For example, the procedure for setting power with a large set increase rate with respect to the predicted power load, the procedure for setting to the maximum output in the power generation output adjustment range, or the provisional set increase output in a plurality of stages is rounded out, and the above equations 6 to A procedure may be used in which the temporarily set increase output having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount obtained by Expression 8 is set as the set increase output.
Moreover, the setting procedure of the setting suppression output in the suppression continuous operation mode and the suppression intermittent operation mode is not limited to the procedure exemplified in the above embodiment.
For example, the procedure for setting power with a small set reduction rate with respect to the predicted power load, the procedure for setting to the minimum output in the power generation output adjustment range, or the provisional setting suppression output in a plurality of stages is round-robin, A procedure for setting the temporary setting suppression output having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount obtained by Expression 8 as the setting suppression output may be used.

( E ) In the above embodiment, in the normal operation state, the operation mode having the maximum predicted energy reduction amount among the plurality of types of operation modes is determined as the operation mode of the fuel cell 1, and the fuel cell is operated in the determined operation mode. However, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is not limited to the case where the predicted energy reduction amount is determined as the maximum operation mode among the plurality of operation modes. You may comprise so that it may set to the driving | running form with large predicted energy reduction amount, such as a driving | running form with the 2nd or 3rd largest predicted energy reduction amount among seed | species driving | running forms.
Moreover, you may comprise so that the fuel cell 1 may be drive | operated by the preset operation form, for example, the present electric power load follow-up operation.

( F ) A specific setting example of the operation cycle is not limited to the one day illustrated in the first to third embodiments and the first embodiment described above.
Further, the management time is not limited to the one hour exemplified in the above-described first to third embodiments and the first embodiment, and may be set shorter than one hour or more than one hour. It may be set longer.
The time-series water supply amount data and the time-series hot water circulation amount data are managed for each management time set as described above.
For example, in each of the second and third embodiments of the above-mentioned reference , hot water in the hot water tank 2 is changed into a water supply block for each management time and a heated block for each management time at each start time of the management time. In dividing the block, the minimum value of the hot water capacity of each block of the water supply block for each management time and the heated block for each management time becomes smaller as the management time becomes shorter. When set to minutes, the minimum value of the hot water capacity of each block is, for example, about 0.5 liter.
By the way, the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water storage circulation path 18 is continuously performed for a long time, such as being continuously performed all day or continuously for several hours or more. However, water supply to the hot water tank 2 through the water supply channel 16 is intermittently performed with a short execution time such as one minute or several minutes.
Therefore, as the management time is set shorter, the time-series water supply data can be managed in a state adapted to the actual water supply form to the hot water tank 2, so that the water quality deterioration suppressing process is executed more accurately. can do.

( G ) The driving merit is not limited to the energy saving such as the predicted energy reduction amount exemplified in the above-described embodiment. It is also possible to use environmental properties such as
Incidentally, the predicted energy cost reduction amount can be obtained by subtracting the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated from the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated.
The energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the cost when purchasing all of the predicted power load from the commercial power source 7 and the energy cost when supplying the predicted heat load with the auxiliary heater 27 (fuel cost). ).
On the other hand, the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated is estimated as the energy cost (fuel cost) of the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1. Auxiliary heaters for the cost of purchasing power from the commercial power supply 7 corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted generated power from the power load, and the short heat load corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat usage from the predicted heat load It is calculated as the sum of the energy cost (fuel cost) when supplementing with the generated heat of 27.

( H ) In the above embodiment, the case where the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided is exemplified, and the heat load is the sum of the hot water supply heat load and the terminal heat load, but the heat consuming terminal 3 is not provided. Therefore, the heat load is only the hot water supply heat load. Further, when the temperature of the heat medium required in the heat consuming terminal 3 is higher than the temperature of the cooling water from which the heat generated from the fuel cell 1 is recovered, the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided with the heat Use only hot water supply heat load.

( L ) As the combined heat and power supply apparatus, the fuel cell 1 is applied in each of the above-described embodiments. In addition to this, for example, various apparatuses such as a structure in which a generator is driven by a gas engine may be applied. Can do.

( Nu ) In each of the above-described embodiments, the operation control means 5 uses a time-series predicted power load and a time-series predicted hot water supply load as normal operation conditions for operating the fuel cell 1 as the combined heat and power supply device. Although the case where conditions for operating the fuel cell 1 are determined so as to cover the above is illustrated, various conditions can be defined as normal operating conditions.
For example, the operation control means 5 may be configured to uniformly determine a condition for causing the output of the fuel cell 1 to follow the current power load, that is, a so-called main operation condition, as the normal operation condition. In this case, the operation control means 5 may be configured to determine a condition for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to an output lower than the current power load as the operation condition for suppressing water quality deterioration. The output lower than the current power load is an output obtained by subtracting the set amount from the current power load, or half of the current power load or a quarter of the current power load. The output can be set as the output, and the minimum output in the output adjustment range is also possible.

( L ) In the above embodiment, the operation control means 5 controls the circulating amount of hot water so that the detected temperature of the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh becomes a preset target heating temperature (for example, 60 ° C.) in the circulation control process. The case where the operation of the hot water circulation pump 19 is controlled to be adjusted is exemplified, but the setting of the target heating temperature can be variously changed. For example, as the target heating temperature, a lower limit temperature (for example, 60 ° C.) and an upper limit temperature (for example, 75 ° C.) are set, and when the temperature of the heated hot water becomes lower than the lower limit temperature, the circulation amount is decreased, The temperature of the heated hot water is set to be equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature, and when the temperature of the heated hot water is higher than the upper limit temperature, the circulation amount is increased and the temperature of the heated hot water becomes lower than the upper limit temperature. You may do it.
In the above embodiment, the description of the adjustment of the cooling water circulation amount in the cooling water circulation path 13 of the fuel cell 1 is omitted, but generally the inlet temperature of the cooling water returning to the fuel cell 1 and the discharge from the fuel cell 1 are omitted. The cooling water outlet temperature is measured, and the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15 is controlled to adjust the cooling water circulation amount so that the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature approach the appropriate temperature. Various control configurations can be changed.

Claims (8)

A cogeneration device that generates both electric power and heat;
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
When it comes to the water quality deterioration suppression timing that suppresses the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank, it is a cogeneration system configured to execute a water quality deterioration suppression process,
A cogeneration system in which the operation control means is configured to execute a circulation stop process for controlling the hot water circulation means so as to stop the circulation of hot water in the hot water storage tank as the water quality deterioration suppression process. A cogeneration device that generates both electric power and heat;
A hot water storage tank in which water is supplied through a water supply path connected to the bottom and hot water is sent out through a hot water supply path connected to the top;
Hot water circulation means for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank through the hot water circulation path in the form of returning the hot water taken out from the tank bottom to the upper part of the tank;
Heating means for heating hot water flowing through the hot water storage circulation path by heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device;
Operation control means for controlling operation is provided,
The operation control means is
A circulation control process for controlling the operation of the hot water circulation means to adjust the hot water circulation amount per unit time in the hot water circulation path so that the temperature of the hot water heated by the heating means becomes a target heating temperature; and Determining normal operating conditions for operating the combined heat and power device, executing normal operation processing for operating the combined heat and power device under the normal operating conditions, and
When it comes to the water quality deterioration suppression timing that suppresses the water quality deterioration of the hot water tank, it is a cogeneration system configured to execute a water quality deterioration suppression process,
In the case where the operation control means is in the operation of the combined heat and power device and the hot water circulating means is operating when the water quality deterioration suppression timing comes as the water quality deterioration suppression processing, the hot water and water supply device is in operation. Wait until the operation stop condition for stopping operation is satisfied, and when the operation stop condition is satisfied and the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means are stopped, the total amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank is set. A cogeneration system configured to perform standby hot water replacement processing for stopping the operation of the heating means and the operation of the hot water circulation means until it is determined that the temperature is within a low temperature range.   In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, When the standby time is equal to or longer than the standby allowable time, the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means are forcibly stopped, and the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is a temperature within the set low temperature range. The cogeneration system according to claim 2, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to execute a forced stop hot water replacement process for stopping the operation of the combined heat and power supply device and the operation of the hot water circulation means until it is determined.   In the case where the operation control means waits until the operation stop condition is satisfied by the operation of the combined heat and power unit and the operation of the hot water circulation means when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached, During the standby, when it is determined that the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set low temperature range, and when the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is within the set high temperature range The cogeneration system of Claim 2 or 3 comprised so that execution of the said standby type hot-water replacement | exchange process may be stopped when it is performed. The operation control means is
Any one of Claims 1-4 comprised so that the conditions which operate | move the said heat-and-electric power supply apparatus may be determined as said normal operation conditions so that at least time-series predicted electric power load and time-series predicted hot water supply heat load may be covered. The cogeneration system according to claim 1.   When the time during which the operation control means continues the state in which the total amount or substantially the total amount of hot water in the hot water tank is not replaced with water from the water supply channel is equal to or longer than the set non-replacement allowable time, the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to discriminate.   The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Non-heated storage in which hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being heated by the heating means after hot water is supplied through the water supply channel based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank The hot water whose time is equal to or longer than the set non-heating allowable time, and the non-reheating storage time in which the hot water is stored in the hot water tank without being reheated by the heating means after being heated by the heating means If it determines with at least one of the hot water more than setting non-heating permissible time existing, it will be discriminate | determined when it becomes the said water quality fall suppression timing. Cogeneration system according to.   The operation control means is a time-series water supply amount data about the amount of water supply per unit time from the water supply channel to the hot water storage tank, and a time about the amount of hot water circulation per unit time circulated through the hot water storage circuit. Based on sequential hot water circulation amount data and capacity data of the hot water tank, when it is determined that there is hot water whose residence time stays in the hot water tank after being supplied through the water supply channel is equal to or longer than a set retention allowable time. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to determine when the water quality deterioration suppression timing is reached.

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