JP2012007498A - Engine and power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently reduce the viscosity of a high viscosity oil by a simple mechanism.SOLUTION: A heat exchanger 671 is provided, which decreases the viscosity of a bio-oil (high viscosity oil) by performing heat-exchange between the bio-oil and a refrigerant (cooling water) used for the cooling mechanism that radiates exhaust heat of a diesel engine 62. The heat exchanger 671 includes a refrigerant flow pipe 6711 where the refrigerant flows, and a bio-oil flow pipe 6712 which runs inside the refrigerant flow pipe 6711 and in which the bio-oil flows. The bio-oil flow pipe 6712 has a helical portion inside the refrigerant flow pipe 6711. The bio-oil is supplied from a bio-oil reservoir tank 61 where the bio-oil is reserved to the bio-oil flow pipe 6712, and introduced into a combustion chamber 621 after passing through the bio-oil flow pipe 6712.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power engine and a power generation system, and more particularly to a technique for efficiently reducing the viscosity of a high viscosity oil with a simple mechanism in an engine that obtains power by burning high viscosity oil.

  In recent years, as an environmental measure, attempts have been made to use plant-derived liquid fuel (vegetable oil) such as jatropha instead of fossil fuel for a combustion system in a power plant. Here, vegetable oil is inherently high in viscosity and further decreases in viscosity at low temperatures, so that oil spraying at the nozzle of the engine is not performed properly, and carbon adheres due to incomplete combustion inside the engine. The engine will not work properly.

  On the other hand, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a method of reducing the viscosity of vegetable oil by heating the vegetable oil supplied to the engine with a heater. According to such a method, the viscosity of the vegetable oil is reduced, so that the vegetable oil is properly injected and smooth engine driving is realized.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that even a high-viscosity fuel such as bio-diesel fuel can be heated by diesel fuel with a suction action so that it can be sufficiently heated and fluidized in a short time from the start of the engine. Fuel suction means for supplying to the engine, two fuel supply lines connected in parallel to the fuel suction means for supplying two types of liquid fuels such as light oil and high-viscosity fuel such as bio-diesel, fuel, etc., and the fuel suction Fuel selection means for selecting from which fuel supply line the liquid fuel is sucked by the means, and circulating engine lubricating oil is supplied between the high-viscosity fuel tank provided in the fuel supply line and the diesel engine. And providing a fuel heating means for heating the high viscosity fuel.

JP 2008-215332 A Utility Model Registration No. 3127033

  In the method described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to secure an external heat source, which causes a problem of increasing costs.

  In the method described in Patent Document 2, since the high-viscosity fuel is heated in the tank, there is a possibility that heating / cooling of the high-viscosity fuel derived from vegetable oil may be repeatedly performed, and the high-viscosity fuel is altered or deteriorated. there is a possibility.

  In addition, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the engine lubricating oil and the high-viscosity fuel is installed in the tank where the high-viscosity fuel is stored. There is a possibility of oil mixing, which may interfere with the operation of the diesel engine. Further, by providing the heat exchanger in the tank, the configuration of the tank becomes complicated, and the number of manufacturing steps and the manufacturing cost increase.

  In addition, engine lubricating oil (engine oil) needs to maintain its temperature within the proper range at all times in order to maintain the viscosity required for engine lubrication. The replacement makes it difficult to maintain the temperature of the engine lubricating oil within an appropriate range, which may affect the operation of the diesel engine.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a background, and it aims at providing the power engine and electric power generation system which can reduce the viscosity of high-viscosity oil efficiently with a simple mechanism.

  In order to achieve the above object, one of the present inventions is a power engine, an engine that obtains power by burning high viscosity oil, and cooling that dissipates heat generated by the combustion by circulating a refrigerant. A mechanism and a heat exchanger that lowers the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil by exchanging heat between the high-viscosity oil and the refrigerant are provided.

  In the present invention, heat exchange with the refrigerant of the cooling mechanism that dissipates the heat of the engine in this way heats the high-viscosity oil and lowers its viscosity. Therefore, the exhaust heat of the engine is effectively used to The viscosity of the high viscosity oil can be reduced to a viscosity that can be suitably used as a fuel.

  Another aspect of the present invention is the power engine, wherein the heat exchanger passes through a first flow pipe through which the refrigerant flows and the first flow pipe, and the high-viscosity oil flows through the first flow pipe. A second circulation pipe that circulates, and the second circulation pipe has a spiral portion inside the first circulation pipe.

  By adopting the above structure as the heat exchanger, the high viscosity oil can be efficiently heat-exchanged with the refrigerant. According to this, the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil can be reduced to an appropriate viscosity as fuel for the engine by effectively utilizing the exhaust heat of the engine.

  Another aspect of the present invention is the power engine, wherein the high-viscosity oil flowing through the second distribution pipe is supplied from a tank in which the high-viscosity oil is stored, and the high-viscosity oil is Then, after flowing through the second flow pipe, it is guided to the combustion chamber.

  According to the present invention, the high-viscosity oil is supplied from the tank to the second flow pipe and then led to the combustion chamber. Since the high-viscosity oil is heated outside the tank as described above, the amount of the high-viscosity oil to be heated is less than that when the high-viscosity oil is heated inside the tank. According to this, the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil can be reduced to an appropriate viscosity as fuel for the engine by effectively utilizing the exhaust heat of the engine.

  Another aspect of the present invention is the power engine, wherein the engine includes a combustion chamber that burns at least one of light oil and the high-viscosity oil, a radiator that constitutes the cooling mechanism and cools the refrigerant, It is assumed that the refrigerant circulates through the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger, and the radiator in order.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a power generation system, an engine that obtains power by burning high-viscosity oil, a cooling mechanism that dissipates heat generated by the combustion by circulating a refrigerant, A heat exchanger that lowers the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil by exchanging heat between the high-viscosity oil and the refrigerant, a roasting device that roasts the raw material of the high-viscosity oil, and roasted by the roasting device An oil extraction device that extracts the high-viscosity oil from the raw material after the filtration, a filter that filters the high-viscosity oil extracted by the oil extraction device, a tank in which the high-viscosity oil after the filtration is stored, And a generator that generates power using the power of the engine.

  In addition, the subject which this application discloses, and its solution method are clarified by the column of the form for inventing, and drawing.

  According to the present invention, the viscosity of the high viscosity oil can be efficiently reduced with a simple mechanism.

1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power generation system 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the heat exchanger used for the bio-oil heating apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a bio-oil power generation system (hereinafter referred to as a power generation system 1) described as an embodiment. As shown in the figure, the power generation system 1 includes a roasting processing unit 10, an oil extraction unit 20, a briquette unit 30, a dephosphorization processing unit 40, a filtration unit 50, and a power generation unit 60.

  The roasting processing unit 10 includes a roasting device 11 for roasting (drying) seeds as a raw material of bio-oil fuel (hereinafter referred to as bio-oil) that is a high-viscosity oil. Seeds that are the raw materials for bio-oil are, for example, Jatropha curcas, Palm, Soy bean, Rapeseed, Sunflower, Coconut, etc. It is not limited. The raw material for the high-viscosity oil is not necessarily limited to seeds, and may be other types of high-viscosity oils such as vegetable oil and waste cooking oil.

  The oil extraction unit 20 includes an oil extraction device 21 that extracts oil from the seed roasted by the roasting processing unit 10, an oil container 22 in which the oil extracted by the oil extraction device 21 is stored, and a residue generated by the oil extraction. Are stored in a residue container 23 and an oil filter 24 for filtering the oil.

  The briquette unit 30 includes a briquette device 31 that generates briquettes (Briquet) from the residue stored in the residue container 23 of the oil extraction unit 20. The briquette generated by the briquette unit 30 is, for example, carried out of the power generation system 1 and used for fuel applications.

  The dephosphorization process part 40 performs the dephosphorization process which removes a phosphorus component from the fuel oil filtered by the oil filter 24 of the oil extraction part 20. By the dephosphorization process, phosphorus components that hinder the operation of the diesel engine 62 described later (deposit generation / deposition, fuel leakage, etc.) are removed.

  The filtration unit 50 includes a pressure pump 51 that pressurizes bio-oil generated by dephosphorizing the oil and a filter press 52 that dehydrates / filters the pressurized bio-oil.

  The power generation unit 60 includes a bio-oil storage tank 61 in which bio-oil dehydrated / filtered by the filtration unit 50 is stored, a diesel engine 62 that obtains power by burning light oil or high-viscosity oil, and light oil is stored. A light oil tank 63, a fuel injection system 64 (Fuel Injection System) for injecting light oil or high-viscosity oil into a combustion chamber 621 to be described later, a fuel supply device 65 for supplying fuel to the fuel injection device 64, a light oil tank 63 and a fuel supply device A fuel filter 66 provided between the bio-oil storage tank 61, a bio-oil heating device 67 that heats (heats) bio-oil supplied from the bio-oil storage tank 61, and a bio-oil heating device 67 and the fuel supply device 65. And a generator 69 that generates power using the power of the diesel engine 62. In addition, a power engine is comprised by the structure except the generator 69 among the electric power generation parts 60. FIG.

  The diesel engine 62 includes a combustion chamber 621 including one or more piston / cylinder configurations, an intake manifold 622 (intake manifold) that guides air necessary for combustion to the combustion chamber 621, and an exhaust manifold that discharges exhaust to the outside of the combustion chamber 621. 623 (Exhaust manifold), a supercharger 624 that supplies the intake manifold 622 with compressed external air exhausted from the exhaust manifold 623, and cooling that cools the refrigerant that has absorbed the exhaust heat of the combustion chamber 621 A radiator 625 (Radiator) constituting the mechanism is provided.

  The supercharger 624 is, for example, a turbocharger or a supercharger.

  The radiator 625 includes, for example, a large number of thin tubes in which a refrigerant to be circulated in a water jacket of the diesel engine 62 flows and a plurality of fins are provided on the outer surface. The refrigerant is, for example, cooling water to which a long life coolant (LLC) or an antifreeze is added. The refrigerant circulates in a heat exchanger (described later) included in the radiator 625, the combustion chamber 621, and the bio-oil heating device 67.

  The fuel supply device 65 supplies light oil supplied from the light oil tank 63 during operation of the diesel engine 62 or biooil supplied from the biooil storage tank 61 to the fuel injection device 64. The fuel supply device 65 is configured using a three-way valve or the like, and selects either light oil or bio-oil and supplies it to the fuel injection device 64. Note that the fuel supply device 65 does not necessarily selectively select either light oil or bio-oil, but may mix both of them and supply them to the fuel injection device 64. In that case, for example, the fuel supply device 65 may include the temperature of the bio oil, the outside air temperature, the light oil remaining amount in the light oil tank 63, the bio oil remaining amount in the bio oil storage tank 61, the outer wall temperature of the combustion chamber 621, Control using the temperature, the rotational speed of the diesel engine 62, the output of the generator 69, the power consumption of the load that uses the output of the generator 69, and the like as parameters is performed to adjust the mixing ratio of light oil and bio-oil.

  The bio oil heating device 67 heats the bio oil using the exhaust heat of the diesel engine 62. Specifically, the refrigerant flowing through the radiator 625 is guided from the radiator 625 to the combustion chamber 621 through the pipe 81, and then flows into the bio oil heating device 67 through the pipe 82. It is guided again to the radiator 625 through the pipe 83. On the other hand, bio-oil flows from the bio-oil storage tank 61 through the pipe 71 into the bio-oil heating device 67, where it is heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant and then introduced into the fuel supply device 65 through the pipe 72. It is burned.

  Here, the temperature of the refrigerant is automatically maintained within an appropriate range by a temperature adjustment mechanism provided in the diesel engine 62. That is, when the temperature of the refrigerant measured using a temperature sensor or the like in the radiator 625 or the combustion chamber 621 rises, the temperature adjustment mechanism adjusts the opening of the three-way valve to increase the amount of refrigerant flowing into the radiator 625. When the temperature of the refrigerant decreases, the temperature adjustment mechanism adjusts the opening of the three-way valve to increase the amount of refrigerant flowing into the combustion chamber 621.

  As described above, the temperature of the refrigerant is always automatically maintained within the appropriate range by the temperature adjusting mechanism of the diesel engine 62, so that the temperature of the bio-oil heat exchanged with the refrigerant is also maintained within the appropriate range. In addition, the temperature adjustment mechanism of the diesel engine 62 automatically stops the diesel engine 62 when the temperature of the cooling water exceeds a dangerous temperature (for example, 100 ° C.). There will be no impact on driving.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of the heat exchanger 671 provided in the bio-oil heating device 67. The heat exchanger 671 includes a hollow cylindrical refrigerant circulation pipe 6711 and a bio-oil circulation pipe 6712 having a part of the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711 and having a smaller diameter than the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711. This figure is a structural view of the refrigerant flow pipe 6711 cut along a longitudinal cut surface including the central axis in the plane. As shown in the drawing, an inflow hole 6713 for allowing the refrigerant to flow into the pipe of the refrigerant flow pipe 6711 is provided on the side surface near one end face of the refrigerant flow pipe 6711. In addition, an outflow hole 6714 through which the refrigerant flows out from the inside of the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711 to the outside of the pipe is provided on the side surface near the other end face of the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711.

  Bio oil is distributed in the bio oil distribution pipe 6712. One end of the bio-oil circulation pipe 6712 passes through one end face 6715 of the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711, and the other end of the bio-oil circulation pipe 6712 penetrates the other end face 6716 of the refrigerant circulation pipe 6711.

  In at least a part of the refrigerant distribution pipe 6711, the bio oil distribution pipe 6712 extends in a spiral manner coaxially with the refrigerant distribution pipe 6711, whereby the bio oil and the refrigerant distribution pipe that circulates through the bio oil distribution pipe 6712. Heat exchange is efficiently performed with the refrigerant flowing through 6711. When the exhaust heat is small by improving the heat exchange efficiency between the bio-oil and the refrigerant in this way (for example, when the rotational speed of the diesel engine 62 is reduced, the diesel engine 62 is small) However, the bio-oil can be sufficiently heated, and the viscosity of the bio-oil can always be kept at a viscosity necessary for use as a fuel. Further, the heat exchange between the bio-oil and the refrigerant is efficiently performed, so that the residence time in the heat exchanger 671 of the bio-oil is short, and the amount of bio-oil required for the operation of the diesel engine 62 is stabilized. Can be supplied.

  According to the above mechanism, it is not necessary to separately provide a heating device such as a heater in order to reduce the viscosity of bio-oil, and the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil can be efficiently and stably reduced with a simple mechanism. Further, since it is not necessary to supply energy necessary for heating from the outside, it is possible to realize a mechanism for heating high-viscosity oil without reducing the power generation efficiency (output energy / input energy) of the entire power generation system 1.

  Further, since the bio-oil heating device 67 is provided as a separate configuration from the bio-oil storage tank 61 between the bio-oil storage tank 61 and the fuel supply device 65, the configuration change is made to the bio-oil storage tank 61. And a mechanism for heating high viscosity oil can be realized. According to this, the construction man-hour and construction cost of the power generation system 1 can be kept low.

  Further, in the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the biooil is not heated while being stored in the biooil storage tank 61 but is led from the biooil storage tank 61 to the biooil heating device 67 via the pipe 71. Thereafter, the bio-oil heating device 67 is heated. For this reason, unlike the case where biooil is heated in the biooil storage tank 61, heating / cooling of biooil is not repeated, and deterioration of biooil can be effectively prevented.

  Also, since the heated bio oil passes through the bio oil filter 68 and is immediately supplied to the fuel supply device 65, the bio oil can be supplied to the fuel supply device 65 while maintaining a low viscosity. Further, since the length of the pipe 72 connecting the bio-oil heating device 67 and the fuel supply device 65 can be shortened, the construction cost can be kept low.

  In the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the bio-oil heating device 67 is provided separately from the bio-oil storage tank 61, and only the necessary amount of bio-oil is heat exchanged with the refrigerant. Even when the vessel 671 is damaged or the like, the amount of refrigerant mixed in the bio oil is smaller than that in the case where heat is exchanged in the bio oil storage tank 61, and the influence on the operation of the diesel engine 62 can be suppressed. . Further, it is not necessary to provide a special mechanism or configuration for the bio-oil storage tank 61.

  In addition, it is necessary to increase the amount of the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the bio-oil in the cooling mechanism, but the refrigerant (for example, water) used for cooling the diesel engine 62 is usually less expensive than the engine lubricating oil or the like. Therefore, the cost caused by increasing the amount of refrigerant can be reduced.

  The main cooling targets of the refrigerant in the cooling mechanism are the configuration such as the combustion chamber 621 and the engine lubricating oil. However, in the power generation system 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant after absorbing the exhaust heat from the cooling target is used as a biomaterial. It is introduced into the oil heating device 67 to exchange heat with bio-oil. Here, the exhaust heat is normally released by the radiator 625 without being effectively used. In the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, bio-oil is heated using the exhaust heat. Waste heat is used effectively. Therefore, this also improves the efficiency of the entire power generation system 1.

  Moreover, since the bio-oil storage tank 61 is provided in the subsequent stage of the filtration part 50, it can prevent that the foreign material contained in the oil after squeezing accumulates in the bio-oil storage tank 61. FIG. Further, since the filtration unit 50 is provided in the front stage of the bio-oil storage tank 61, the filtered bio-oil can be directly supplied to the bio-oil storage tank 61, and the filtered bio-oil obtained by purchase etc. It can be used as it is.

  As described above, according to the power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil is heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant used for the cooling mechanism that cools the heat generated by the combustion and dissipates the heat. Therefore, the exhaust heat of the diesel engine 62 can be effectively used to reduce the viscosity of the high viscosity oil. Therefore, a mechanism for efficiently reducing the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil can be realized with a simple mechanism. Moreover, according to this, the diesel engine 62 can be operated efficiently and stably, and the generator 69 can be operated stably.

  In addition, the description of the above embodiment is for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and that the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, the power engine to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the one described above, and can be widely applied to engines that obtain power by burning high viscosity oil.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power generation system 10 Roasting process part 20 Oil extraction part 60 Power generation part 61 Bio oil storage tank 62 Diesel engine 625 Radiator 63 Light oil tank 64 Fuel injection apparatus 65 Fuel supply apparatus 66 Fuel filter 67 Bio oil heating apparatus 671 Heat exchanger 6711 Refrigerant circulation Pipe 6712 Biooil distribution pipe 6713 Inflow hole 6714 Outflow hole 68 Biooil filter 69 Generator

Claims (7)

An engine that obtains power by burning high viscosity oil;
A cooling mechanism that dissipates heat generated by the combustion by circulating a refrigerant;
A heat exchanger that lowers the viscosity of the high viscosity oil by exchanging heat between the high viscosity oil and the refrigerant;
A power engine characterized by comprising: The power engine according to claim 1,
The heat exchanger includes a first flow pipe through which the refrigerant flows;
A second flow pipe through which the high-viscosity oil flows through the inside of the first flow pipe;
With
The power engine, wherein the second flow pipe has a spiral portion inside the first flow pipe. The power engine according to claim 2,
The high-viscosity oil flowing through the second flow pipe is supplied from a tank in which the high-viscosity oil is stored, and the high-viscosity oil is introduced into the combustion chamber after flowing through the second flow pipe. A power engine characterized by being burned. The power engine according to claim 1,
The engine is a diesel engine provided with a combustion chamber that burns at least one of light oil and high-viscosity oil, and a radiator that constitutes the cooling mechanism and cools the refrigerant.
The power engine, wherein the refrigerant circulates through the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger, and the radiator in order. An engine that obtains power by burning high viscosity oil;
A cooling mechanism that dissipates heat generated by the combustion by circulating a refrigerant;
A heat exchanger that lowers the viscosity of the high viscosity oil by exchanging heat between the high viscosity oil and the refrigerant;
A roasting apparatus for roasting the raw material of the high viscosity oil;
An oil press for extracting the high viscosity oil from the raw material after being roasted by the roasting device;
A filter for filtering the high viscosity oil extracted by the oil press;
A tank in which the high-viscosity oil after the filtration is stored;
A power generation system comprising: a power generator that generates power using the power of the engine. The power generation system according to claim 5,
The heat exchanger includes a first flow pipe through which the refrigerant flows;
A second flow pipe through which the high-viscosity oil flows through the inside of the first flow pipe;
With
The second flow pipe has a spiral portion inside the first flow pipe. The power generation system according to claim 1. The power generation system according to claim 6,
The high-viscosity oil flowing through the second flow pipe is supplied from a tank in which the high-viscosity oil is stored, and the high-viscosity oil is introduced into the combustion chamber after flowing through the second flow pipe. A power generation system characterized by being burned.

Images