JP2011503411A - Scarf - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermal radiation conversion muffler (10) that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler includes an intake pipe (20), an exhaust pipe (25), and a body (30) extending longitudinally between the intake and exhaust pipes. With. The muffler (10) further comprises a plurality of plates (45) disposed within the body (30) and a plate extending substantially laterally between the sidewalls of the body. The plates (45) are of a predetermined length and adjacent plates are at a predetermined distance from each other. In one plate configuration, the plates are substantially stacked and parallel to the exhaust gas flow through the muffler.
[Selection] Figure 14

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermal radiation conversion muffler, and more particularly to an apparatus for reducing toxic contaminants discharged through a muffler device.

  The problem of noise and pollutants emitted from internal combustion engines and vehicles using devices such as exhaust stacks is increasing. Engines and other devices such as exhaust stacks use mufflers and catalytic converters to reduce noise and toxic emissions.

  The muffler is composed of an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe having a chamber in between. This chamber is part of the muffler and reduces the noise of the exhaust gas by being a resonant chamber while causing destructive interference of sound waves generated by the gas moving through the exhaust system. As a result, the amount of noise generated by the exhaust gas is reduced.

  The muffler also increases engine efficiency, performance and power by providing lower back pressure, and helps reduce engine component wear and breakage.

  Typically, the muffler is designed to reduce vehicle exhaust noise. It is usually attached as part of the exhaust system along with the exhaust pipe. Usually, the exhaust system is constituted by piping for sending the exhaust gas away from the engine where the exhaust gas is generated.

  There is also growing interest in the pollution effects of vehicle exhaust gases. Most of the largest part of the combustion gas is relatively harmless nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, but still undesired harmful or toxic emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, unburned fuel and particulate matter Substance exists.

  Catalytic converters can be used in engines or exhaust stacks to reduce the toxicity of emissions. Catalytic converters are typically used in automotive exhaust systems, but are also used in other devices with engines such as generator sets, forklifts, mining equipment, trucks, buses and trains. Catalytic converters provide an environment in which chemical reactions occur that convert toxic by-products from combustion into less toxic substances.

  Catalytic converters have several drawbacks. Since catalytic converters require temperatures above 400 degrees to function efficiently, approximately 15 minutes after cold start substantially increases toxic contaminants. Catalytic converters are also damaged by misfires, rich gas mixtures, contaminated fuel, oil contamination, and carbon contamination due to various other factors that cause short-range operation and malfunction.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative or complementary device that reduces the environmental impact through the reduction of toxic emissions of internal combustion engines and other devices such as exhaust stacks.

  According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler. The muffler has an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in the vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe. In addition, the muffler has a plurality of plates installed within the body, the plates extending substantially laterally between the side walls of the body, having a predetermined length, and adjacent plates. Are provided at predetermined intervals.

  Preferably, the plates are arranged substantially overlapping and parallel to the exhaust gas flow through the muffler. The plate shape is selected from the following list: substantially flat, substantially corrugated, substantially curved, substantially U-shaped, substantially flat.

  Preferably, the predetermined length of the plates is from 35 millimeters to 45 millimeters and the predetermined distance between the plates is from 2.0 millimeters to 4.0 millimeters. More preferably, this predetermined distance is between 2.5 millimeters and 3.5 millimeters.

  Alternatively, the predetermined length of the plates may be from 35 millimeters to 45 millimeters, and the predetermined distance between the plates may be from 5.0 millimeters to 7.0 millimeters. More preferably, this predetermined distance is between 5.5 millimeters and 6.5 millimeters.

  The plate thickness may be between 1 millimeter and 2 millimeters.

  The muffler can be used in conjunction with a catalytic converter.

  According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermal radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler. The muffler has an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in the vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe, and further includes a plurality of plates installed in the main body. The plates extend substantially laterally between the side walls of the body, have a predetermined surface area, and adjacent plates are spaced apart from each other.

  According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a thermal radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler. The muffler has an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in a vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe, and further includes a set of a plurality of plates installed in the main body. Yes. The plurality of plates are arranged in an overlapping manner, extend substantially laterally between the sidewalls of the body, have a predetermined surface area, and adjacent plates are spaced apart from each other. Yes. The plate set is separated by a predetermined separation distance.

  According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a thermal radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler. This muffler has an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in the vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe, and further includes a set of a plurality of plates installed in the main body. is doing. The plurality of plates are overlapped, extend substantially laterally between the sidewalls of the body, have a predetermined length, and adjacent plates are spaced from each other by a predetermined distance. ing. The plate set is separated by a predetermined separation distance.

  Each stacked plate set has the same predetermined length, a predetermined distance between the plates, and a separation distance between the plate sets.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a thermal radiation conversion muffler having a rectangular main body enclosed in a muffler housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan end view of a thermal radiation conversion muffler having a rectangular main body enclosed in a muffler housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a plate structure in the main body of the muffler. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the plate structure along the axial length of the muffler body shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic view of three alternative plate structures for placement within the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of a thermal radiation conversion muffler having a cylindrical body enclosed in a muffler housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a schematic plan end view of a thermal radiation conversion muffler having a cylindrical body enclosed in a muffler housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 13a and b show schematic views of an alternative plate structure of the muffler body shown in FIGS. FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plate structure having a separation region along the axial length of the rectangular or circular body of the muffler body shown in FIGS.

  The present invention can be implemented in a variety of ways, and the examples should be considered merely as illustrative structures.

  FIGS. 1 and 2 are a schematic plan view and a plan end view of the thermal radiation conversion muffler 10 enclosed in the muffler body 30. The muffler 10 has an intake pipe 20 and an exhaust pipe 25 and a main body 30 disposed between the two pipes 20 and 25. The main body 30 is connected to the tubes 20, 25 by tapered tube sections 20a, 25a extending between the main body 30 and each intake pipe 20 and exhaust pipe 25. These tapered tube sections 20a, 25a can be transferred into the body 30 with a predetermined radius of curvature. This dimension allows the gas flow through the muffler 10 to be more uniform. The main body 30 is surrounded by a heat shield 15 having a gap between the main body and a heat shield known in the art.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the schematic diagram of the inside of the main body as viewed from the end face, the main body 30 can be formed by two parts and a seam welding member 35. The heat shield 15 of the main body 30 and the rectangular muffler 10 is composed of two symmetrical halves. Within the main body are a plurality of plates 45 that are securely held within the holding device 40. The plate 45 extends substantially the full lateral width of the main body 30.

  The plate shown in FIG. 3 is a flat tube having a predetermined length, and has a predetermined distance d between adjacent plates. The plate shown in FIG. 3 is a rectangle with rounded corner sides. The holding device 40 is configured to hold such a shape firmly in place so that the plate 45 does not move.

4 to 8 are schematic end views showing the structure of the substitute plate 40 of the main body 30 of the muffler 10.
FIG. 4 shows a serpentine shaped plate 45 made of a piece of metal and held in place by a holding device 40 similar to the holding device shown in FIG.
The plate 45 in FIG. 5 has an elongated U shape and is automatically locked in the holding device 40. The curved end of the U-shaped plate can be shortened or extended to provide the required distance d between the plates 45.
The flat plate 45 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is held in place by corrugating the edges of the holding device 40.
FIG. 8 shows a pre-formed holding device 40 that secures the stacked plates 45 together before being compressed short to the length shown in FIGS. The pre-formed holding device 40 may have a number of small raised humps 40a along the length of the surface, holding the plate 45 more securely between the holding device and the plate so that the plate holds Do not separate from device 40.

  The rectangular and circular mufflers can be configured with one or more long and narrow slots 51 on either side of the muffler body 30 to weld the plate 45 to the body 30. Further, the end 52 of the plate 45 of the whole plate structure used for the rectangular and circular mufflers is rounded.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the plate structure shown in FIG. 8 along its axial length, showing the pre-formed holding device 40 before being compressed short to the length shown in FIGS. As described above, the plates are separated by a predetermined distance d.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic view of three alternative structures for the plate 45 for placement within the body 30 of the muffler 10. The shapes shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b are corrugated versions of the plate 45 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. The shapes shown in FIGS. 10a, 10b, and 10c can be arranged on the main body 30 with a flat surface having no corrugation.

  The rectangular muffler main body 30 can be configured using a flat plate having the waveform holding devices 40 at both ends. The end of this flat plate is inserted into a trough of the corrugated device 40 that is compressed to secure the plate 45 in place. A flat plate 45 can be inserted into each trough or every other trough depending on the predetermined distance d required between the plates 45. The waveform holding device 40 having a thickness of about 1.5 mm can support the plates 45 arranged at intervals of 3 mm to 6 mm. Alternatively, a 3 mm thick corrugated holding device 45 can be used to place the plates at a desired thickness (6 mm) apart. The main body 30 of the rectangular muffler 10 having the waveform holding device 40 has rectangular portions on both sides, and fixes the plate 45 and the waveform holding device 40 in place.

  The muffler 10 may also include a heat shield 15 that follows a rectangular or circular muffler shape, as shown in FIGS. Each end of the heat shield 15 is open so that air flows between the muffler body 30 and the heat shield 15. The heat shield shown in the circular muffler of FIGS. 11 and 12 has a plurality of holding portions 53 at the end thereof, and these portions are inward toward the tapered tube portions 20a and 25a of the muffler body 30. It is a bent portion having a V shape. The retaining portion 53 can be welded to the muffler tapered tube sections 20a, 25a at the distal end 54 of the retaining portion. Except for the shape of the main body 30, the muffler 10 is the same as that shown in FIG.

  FIGS. 13a and b show two alternative plate structures of the body 30 of the cylindrical muffler 10, which correspond to the plate structure of the rectangular muffler 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 4, respectively. The rectangular and circular muffler 10 is configured using either a flat tube, a one-piece wave plate having a flat surface, or a U-shaped plate. Moreover, the rectangular muffler 10 can also be comprised using a flat plate.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows a series of stacked sets of plates 45 as shown in the previous figures in a separate configuration. The spacing _Xn between successive plate sets ensures that each stacked plate set 45 maintains the maximum temperature rise along its axial length so that the exit temperature of each stacked plate set 45 does not cool. Yes. This allows the temperature of the exhaust gas at the exit of the stacked plates to be controlled by maintaining or increasing the optimum plate length.

Various structures that separate the stacked plate sets 45 can be used. Two examples shown in FIG. 14 are:
A rectangular muffler and a circular muffler with a series of stacked plate sets 45 have a tapered portion 55 separating each stacked plate set 45;
A circular muffler with a series of stacked plates 45 has a smaller tube 56 of 1/8 "(3 mm) in diameter with a specific length that fits inside the muffler body separating each stacked plate set 45 ing;
Is.

In use, exhaust gas flows through the muffler 10 and heats the plate 45, thereby increasing the temperature of the gas stream. Applicants have found that, using the stacked plate arrangement, depending on the structure used, the center temperature of the muffler body 30 and the exhaust gas temperature of the same size tube can be made higher than 4-10 hours. It was. This high temperature, for example HC, CO, contaminants is degraded and reduced as NO _x.

  This device flows the exhaust gas “linearly” so that the gas is not restricted (for example, by a defined passage in the baffle muffler or a small defined passage in the catalytic converter) and therefore how many There is no power loss due to exhaust gas delay in such conventional muffler / catalytic converter systems. Also, the higher center temperature of the muffler 10 increases the gas velocity due to the higher gas temperature. As a result, not only much power can be used for the vehicle engine, but also fuel can be saved.

  One structure of the muffler 10 includes plates 45 having a length of 35 mm to 45 mm separated by a distance d of 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. The muffler 10 having this configuration is called “EV16”. The center temperature of the EV16 muffler was found to be 8 times higher than the temperature of a normal exhaust pipe of the same diameter. For example, the temperature of a normal exhaust pipe is about 100 degrees, but the temperature at the center of the EV16 muffler is about 800 degrees.

テーブル１：取付前：標準排気システムによる結果

テーブル２：取付後：上述の一連の長さ２．５×３インチのＥＶ１６マフラーを４本追加して、他の修正をともなわない標準排気システムに取り付けた結果 The EV16 muffler is similar to the structure shown in FIG. 14 and is a series of four stacked plate sets. The distance d between the plates 45 is 3 mm, and the plate length is 40 mm. The distances x ₁ , x ₂ , etc. between the 45 sets of the stacked plates were 10 mm to 50 mm. The gaseous effluent was analyzed using a Bosch gas analyzer. The engine fitted with the muffler 10 was a 1991 Toyota Hilux Utility 2.4 cylinder 4 cylinder with a peak RPM of 4700.
Note: CO, HC and NOx are toxic emissions, while O ₂ and CO ₂ are harmless emissions. The EV16 test results are as follows (similar results were obtained with gasoline vehicles):

Table 1: Before installation: Results with standard exhaust system

Table 2: After installation: Results of adding the above series of 2.5 x 3 inch EV16 mufflers to the standard exhaust system without other modifications

As a result, CO emissions may be reduced 78%, NO _x emissions can be reduced 60%, HC emissions are not changed. Particulate emissions (smoke) decreased to a level where they were not visible. Thus, the muffler 10 reduces toxic emissions associated with vaporization, fuel injection, or gasoline vehicles that do not use a catalytic converter, and substantially reduces exhaust smoke from diesel emissions. Toxic emissions can be further reduced by increasing the number of plates or stacked plate sets from more than four. EV 16 also substantially reduces vehicle cold start emissions without the use of a catalytic converter or other emissions control device.

  Another muffler structure has plates separated by a distance d of 5.5 mm to 6.5 mm. These plate distance mufflers are called "EV8". The center temperature of the EV8 muffler was found to be 6 times higher than that of a normal exhaust pipe of the same diameter. For example, the center temperature of a normal exhaust pipe is about 100 degrees, while the center temperature of an EV8 muffler is about 600 degrees.

  It has been found that when the distance d is less than 2.5 millimeters or exceeds 3.5 millimeters, the center temperature of the muffler decreases. It was also found that when the plate length is longer than 40 mm, the outlet temperature of the muffler core decreases, and the temperature continues to decrease as the plate exceeds 40 mm. This adjusts the muffler core to a specific outlet temperature.

テーブル３：取付前：標準排気システムと標準ＯＥＭ触媒コンバータによる結果

テーブル４：取付後：アフターマーケットまたは標準的なＯＥＭ触媒コンバータと共に、長さ２．５×６インチのＥＶ８マフラーを加え、その他の修正をともなわない標準的排気システムに取り付けた場合の結果。その結果、ＣＯ排出物は９８％低減され、ＨＣ排出物は９４％低減され、ＮＯ_ｘ排出物は８５％低減されることを示している。ＮＯｘ排出物は、テーブル２のディーゼルエンジンの結果から計算した。 The EV8 muffler 10 had plates separated by a distance d of 6 mm, was 2.5 × 6 inches long, and was mounted in front of the catalytic converter without other modifications. The vehicle used was a 2004 Toyota Corolla Sportizo equipped with a 1.8 liter 4-cylinder VTEC engine with a peak RPM of 8000. This vehicle uses a catalytic converter and runs on unleaded high-octane fuel. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3: Before installation: Results with standard exhaust system and standard OEM catalytic converter

Table 4: After installation: Results after adding 2.5 x 6 inches EV8 muffler with aftermarket or standard OEM catalytic converters and installation in a standard exhaust system without other modifications. As a result, CO emissions are reduced by 98%, HC emissions are reduced by 94%, and NO _x emissions are reduced by 85%. NOx emissions were calculated from the diesel engine results in Table 2.

テーブル５：取付後：アフターマーケットの触媒コンバータと共に、長さ２．５×６インチのＥＶ８マフラーを加え、その他の修正をともなわない標準排気システムを搭載した結果。 After this test, the EV8 muffler and catalytic converter were also tested on a 2.4 liter diesel vehicle. The results are as follows.

Table 5: After installation: Results of installing a 2.5x6 inch EV8 muffler with an aftermarket catalytic converter and a standard exhaust system with no other modifications.

  These results show that the EV16 muffler alone in a diesel vehicle reduces toxic emissions compared to a combination of EV8 muffler and catalytic converter or a catalytic converter alone.

  After testing the EV8 muffler, looking at the catalytic converter reveals that some catalytic converters do not sustain the damage, as is the case with ordinary vehicles, and the use of the EV8 muffler Converters, for example, misfire, carbon pollution due to excessively short distance operation, rich gas mixture, high hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, oil pollution, contaminated fuel, high sulfur fuel, leaded fuel, engine coolant, chemical additives , Shows protection from silicone contamination and thermal shock from the sealant. Any of these factors can damage the catalytic converter, render it useless and increase pollution. Thus, the device 10 allows a catalytic converter to be attached to a vaporizable vehicle and reduces toxic emissions without damaging the catalytic converter.

  This device also assists catalytic converters that require temperatures in excess of 400 degrees to function efficiently. Normally, the engine needs to run for 15 minutes to generate this temperature. The function of the muffler 10 in front of the catalytic converter produces the optimum catalytic converter operating temperature very quickly. That is, reaching the operating temperature of the catalytic converter takes 2 minutes with an EV8 muffler that substantially reduces cold start emissions. The length of the plate 45 is important in that it immediately causes an optimal temperature gas inflow to the catalytic converter and prevents the catalytic converter from exceeding its operating temperature. It was found that the temperature of the plate 45 was about 600 degrees for the first 40 mm plate 45 and dropped to 300 to 400 degrees for the 125 mm plate.

  Furthermore, by using EV8, the same result can be achieved even if the catalytic converter is 2.5 meters away from the engine.

In summary, the tested configurations are as follows:

  It has also been found that the position of the exhaust system muffler 10 can be effectively related. For example, the muffler can be installed in each main manifold of the exhaust manifold / header by bringing the muffler close to the exhaust port so that the muffler warms faster and operates at a higher temperature, thereby discharging pollutants It can operate more efficiently in reducing waste (cold start emissions and operating emissions) and noise. Also, the higher operating temperature of the muffler when so arranged has the upstream effect of increasing the gas scavenging and purge levels of the cylinder by increasing the speed of the gas through the muffler, thereby Engine performance is improved. Nevertheless, the small size muffler 10 means that it can be installed anywhere in the exhaust system. However, in vehicles equipped with a catalytic converter, the muffler 10 must be installed in front of the catalytic converter in order to benefit from the catalytic converter.

  Although it will be appreciated that the focus described above is related to reducing toxic emissions, the device 10 is also beneficial in reducing noise emanating from the exhaust pipe 25. This is a result that the sound wave entering through the intake pipe 20 is reflected on the plate 45 inside the muffler main body 30, thereby reducing the amplitude. In testing, the EV muffler reduced exhaust noise to 5db (36%) and increased output by 3%. It has been found that this output increases and noise is reduced regardless of whether the exhaust system is a standard type, limited or performance type.

  The muffler 10 can be replaced with an existing muffler or used with an existing muffler to reduce excess noise. The above results are also valid for modern vehicles using limited exhaust systems. The additional muffler 10 may be mounted according to the exhaust system (eg, in the center or at the end), where the gas velocity increases and the power increases.

  It should be noted here that this muffler 10 has a perforated tube; a moving part; a spiral, turbine or venturi shape; a sound absorbing material; a speaker, an electronic device or a computer; an electric heating device; It does not work like conventional mufflers or catalytic converters.

  Numerous changes and / or modifications may be made in the exhaust muffler apparatus by those skilled in the art as illustrated in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. May be. Therefore, the present embodiment is considered to be an example in every respect and is not limited.

For example, as shown here, the example provided describes an apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine, but the apparatus is equally suitable for an exhaust stack or the like. Further, the muffler body may be rectangular or cylindrical in cross section. The plate need not be flat, but it may be corrugated, elliptical in cross section, or any other suitable structure.

Claims (15)

A heat radiation conversion muffler for reducing toxic emissions from a muffler, the muffler comprising an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in a vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe In
The muffler further comprises a plurality of plates disposed within the body, the plates extending substantially laterally between the sidewalls of the body, and having a predetermined length, and adjacent plates are: A thermal radiation conversion muffler characterized by being at a predetermined distance from each other.   The muffler according to claim 1, wherein the plates are arranged substantially overlapping and arranged in parallel to an exhaust gas flow passing through the muffler.   The muffler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of the plate is selected from a substantially flat shape, a corrugated shape, a curved shape, a U-shape, and a flat tube.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined length of the plate is 35 millimeters to 45 millimeters.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the predetermined distance is 2.0 millimeters to 4.0 millimeters.   6. The muffler according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined distance is 2.5 millimeters to 3.5 millimeters.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined length of the plate is 35 millimeters to 45 millimeters.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined distance is 5.0 millimeters to 7.0 millimeters.   9. The muffler according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined distance is 5.5 millimeters to 6.5 millimeters.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the thickness of the plate is 1 to 2 millimeters.   The muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the muffler is used together with a catalytic converter. A heat radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler, the muffler comprising an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending vertically between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe.
The muffler further comprises plates that extend substantially laterally between sidewalls of the body disposed within the body, have a predetermined surface area, and adjacent plates are at a predetermined distance from each other. Thermal radiation conversion muffler characterized by. A heat radiation conversion muffler for reducing toxic emissions from the muffler, the muffler having an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending vertically between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe.
The muffler further comprises a series of a plurality of plate sets arranged in the main body, the muffler comprising a plurality of plates arranged in an overlapping manner, extending substantially laterally between the side walls of the main body, and having a predetermined surface area. A thermal radiation conversion muffler comprising the plates having the plates, the adjacent plates being at a predetermined distance from each other, and the plate set being separated by a predetermined separation distance. A heat radiation conversion muffler that reduces toxic emissions from the muffler, the muffler having an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a main body extending in a vertical direction between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe.
The muffler is further a series of a plurality of plate sets arranged in the main body, arranged in a stacked manner, and extending substantially laterally between the side walls of the main body, A heat radiation conversion muffler having a length, adjacent plates having plate sets at a predetermined distance from each other, and the plate sets being separated by a predetermined separation distance. 15. A muffler according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the same predetermined length of each set of stacked plates, the distance between the plates, and the separation distance between the sets of plates are the same.

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