JP2011250494A - Vehicle power supply system - Google Patents

Vehicle power supply system Download PDF

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JP2011250494A
JP2011250494A JP2010117880A JP2010117880A JP2011250494A JP 2011250494 A JP2011250494 A JP 2011250494A JP 2010117880 A JP2010117880 A JP 2010117880A JP 2010117880 A JP2010117880 A JP 2010117880A JP 2011250494 A JP2011250494 A JP 2011250494A
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electric double
double layer
layer capacitor
vehicle
battery
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JP5202576B2 (en
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Toru Ishikawa
石川　　亨
Shinji Nishimura
慎二 西村
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle power supply system for extending a lifetime of an electric double layer capacitor, and reducing an energy loss.SOLUTION: The vehicle power supply system includes the electric double layer capacitor 3 connected to an output of a power generator for regenerating power when a vehicle is braked, a power converter 4 connected to the electric double layer capacitor, a battery 5 connected to an output of the power converter, a parked vehicle detector 8 for detecting the parked vehicle, a temperature detector 9 and a voltage detector 10 of the electric double layer capacitor, and a controller 7 for controlling the power converter. When the parked vehicle detector detects the parked vehicle, a temperature detected by the temperature detector exceeds a predetermined value, and the voltage detector detects a fully-charged state of the electric double layer capacitor, the controller causes the battery to be charged by electric energy of the electric double layer capacitor.

Description

本発明は、回生電力の蓄電装置として電気二重層コンデンサを備えた車両用電源システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a vehicle power supply system including an electric double layer capacitor as a regenerative power storage device.

従来、車両の燃費向上を目的として、ブレーキ時の運動エネルギーを発電機により電気エネルギーに変換し、得られた電気エネルギーを回収、キャパシタに蓄電して再利用する回生機能を有する電源システムが提案されている。（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）   Conventionally, for the purpose of improving vehicle fuel efficiency, a power supply system has been proposed that has a regeneration function that converts kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy by a generator, collects the obtained electrical energy, stores it in a capacitor, and reuses it. ing. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2)

特開２００７−１３５２８４号公報（第１頁、図１）JP 2007-135284 A (first page, FIG. 1) 特開平８−１９６００６号公報（第１頁、図１）JP-A-8-196006 (first page, FIG. 1)

上記のような従来の車両用電源システムの内、特許文献１のような電源システムでは、大容量かつ急速充電が可能な電気二重層コンデンサが用いられている。しかし、電気二重層コンデンサは高温かつ満充電の状態で長時間放置した場合、著しく劣化する問題があり、その劣化を抑制する保護機能については課題があった。また、特許文献２のような技術においては、自己放電を抑制するために電力変換器を介してキャパシタの充放電が行なわれるが、充放電を繰り返すことにより電力変換器でエネルギー損失が発生するという課題があった。   Among the conventional vehicle power supply systems as described above, the power supply system as disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses an electric double layer capacitor that has a large capacity and can be rapidly charged. However, the electric double layer capacitor has a problem that it deteriorates remarkably when left for a long time at a high temperature and fully charged, and there is a problem with a protective function for suppressing the deterioration. Moreover, in the technique like patent document 2, although charging / discharging of a capacitor is performed via a power converter in order to suppress self-discharge, it is said that energy loss generate | occur | produces in a power converter by repeating charging / discharging. There was a problem.

この発明は上記のような従来技術の課題を解消するためになされたものであり、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化を防ぐことで寿命を延ばし、エネルギー損失を小さくした車両用電源システムを提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and provides a vehicle power supply system that extends the life and reduces the energy loss by preventing the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor. It is aimed.

この発明に係る車両用電源システムは、車両の制動時に電力を回生する発電機の出力側に接続された電気二重層コンデンサと、この電気二重層コンデンサに接続された電力変換器と、この電力変換器の出力側に接続されたバッテリと、上記車両の駐車を検出する車両駐車検出装置と、上記電気二重層コンデンサの温度検出手段及び電圧検出手段と、上記電力変換器を制御する制御装置とを備え、上記制御装置は、上記車両駐車検出装置が上記車両の駐車を検出し、上記温度検出手段によって検出された温度が所定値を超え、かつ上記電圧検出手段が上記電気二重層コンデンサの満充電状態を検知したときに、上記電気二重層コンデンサの電気エネルギーにより上記バッテリを充電するようにしたものである。   A power supply system for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric double layer capacitor connected to an output side of a generator that regenerates electric power during braking of the vehicle, a power converter connected to the electric double layer capacitor, and the power conversion A battery connected to the output side of the battery, a vehicle parking detection device for detecting parking of the vehicle, a temperature detection means and a voltage detection means for the electric double layer capacitor, and a control device for controlling the power converter. The controller detects the parking of the vehicle, the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means exceeds a predetermined value, and the voltage detecting means fully charges the electric double layer capacitor. When the state is detected, the battery is charged by the electric energy of the electric double layer capacitor.

本発明においては、車両が駐車したときに電気二重層コンデンサが高温かつ満充電の状態の場合には電気二重層コンデンサに蓄えられた電気エネルギーをバッテリに蓄電させることにより放電することで、高温かつ満充電の状態が長時間放置されることがない。このため、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が防止され、寿命を延ばすことがでる。また、電気二重層コンデンサで消費していたエネルギーをバッテリに充電させ、電力変換器を介した充放電を従来よりも減らすようにしたことにより、エネルギー損失を小さくすることができる。   In the present invention, when the electric double layer capacitor is in a high temperature and fully charged state when the vehicle is parked, the electric energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor is discharged by storing it in the battery. A fully charged state is not left for a long time. For this reason, deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor can be prevented and the life can be extended. In addition, energy loss can be reduced by charging the battery with the energy consumed by the electric double layer capacitor and reducing the charge / discharge through the power converter as compared with the conventional case.

本発明の実施の形態１に係る車両用電源システムの要部構成を概略的に示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows roughly the principal part structure of the vehicle power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.

実施の形態１．
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１における車両用電源システムの要部構成を概略的に示すブロック図である。図において、車両用電源システムは、内燃機関１から発生する動力、または車両の制動時に得られる運動エネルギーにより発電を行う発電機２と、この発電機２の出力側に接続された電気二重層コンデンサ３と、この電気二重層コンデンサ３を入力側に接続した、出力電圧または出力電流を制御可能なＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータからなる電力変換器４と、この電力変換器４の出力側に接続されたバッテリ５と、このバッテリ５に並列に接続された複数の負荷６と、電力変換器４に接続された制御装置７と、制御装置７に接続された、車両駐車検出装置８、電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度を検出する温度検出手段９、電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段１０、及び電気二重層コンデンサ３を冷却する冷却手段としてのファン１１などを備えている。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a main configuration of the vehicle power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, a power supply system for a vehicle includes a generator 2 that generates electric power using power generated from the internal combustion engine 1 or kinetic energy obtained during braking of the vehicle, and an electric double layer capacitor connected to the output side of the generator 2. 3, a power converter 4 comprising a DC-DC converter capable of controlling the output voltage or output current, having the electric double layer capacitor 3 connected to the input side, and a battery connected to the output side of the power converter 4 5, a plurality of loads 6 connected in parallel to the battery 5, a control device 7 connected to the power converter 4, a vehicle parking detection device 8 connected to the control device 7, and an electric double layer capacitor 3 Temperature detecting means 9 for detecting the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor, voltage detecting means 10 for detecting the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3, and a fan 11 as a cooling means for cooling the electric double layer capacitor 3. It has a etc..

上記制御装置７は、車両が駐車したことを車両駐車検出装置８が検出したときに、温度検出手段９によって検出された温度が所定値を超え、かつ電圧検出手段１０が電気二重層コンデンサ３の満充電状態を検知した場合に、該電気二重層コンデンサ３の電気エネルギーによりバッテリ５を充電するように制御することで、電気二重層コンデンサ３の電気エネルギーを放電させる。なお、該制御装置７は、例えば電力変換器４の内部、あるいは車両の各種制御を電子的に行う制御用コンピュータであるＥＣＵ（エレクトロニック・コントロール・ユニット）などに設けることができるが、特に限定されるものではない。また、上記車両駐車検出装置８としては、例えば既存のキースイッチセンサを用いることができ、その場合キースイッチがＯＦＦされたことで車両が駐車したことを検出できる。   When the vehicle parking detection device 8 detects that the vehicle is parked, the control device 7 has a temperature detected by the temperature detection means 9 exceeding a predetermined value, and the voltage detection means 10 is connected to the electric double layer capacitor 3. When the fully charged state is detected, the electric energy of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is discharged by controlling the battery 5 to be charged with the electric energy of the electric double layer capacitor 3. The control device 7 can be provided, for example, in the power converter 4 or in an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that is a control computer that electronically performs various controls of the vehicle, but is not particularly limited. It is not something. Moreover, as the said vehicle parking detection apparatus 8, the existing key switch sensor can be used, for example, In that case, it can detect that the vehicle parked because the key switch was turned off.

上記バッテリ５として好ましく用いることができるものとして、例えば鉛蓄電池、リチウムイオン蓄電池、ニッケル・水素蓄電池、ニッケル・カドミウム蓄電池、ニッケル・鉄蓄電池、ニッケル・亜鉛蓄電池、及び酸化銀・亜鉛蓄電池等を挙げることができるが、これらのみに限定されるものではない。また、内燃機関を用いた車両の場合、通常設備されているバッテリとは別に用意し、あるいは該バッテリと兼用するようにしても良い。   Examples of the battery 5 that can be preferably used include a lead storage battery, a lithium ion storage battery, a nickel / hydrogen storage battery, a nickel / cadmium storage battery, a nickel / iron storage battery, a nickel / zinc storage battery, and a silver oxide / zinc storage battery. However, it is not limited to these. Further, in the case of a vehicle using an internal combustion engine, it may be prepared separately from a battery that is normally installed, or may be shared with the battery.

上記電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度検出手段９は、該電気二重層コンデンサ３に直接設置して検温し、または電気二重層コンデンサ３の近傍の部品に設置して温度を推定するようにしても良い。また、電圧検出手段１０は電力変換器４の入力電圧によって電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧を検知することができる。また、バッテリ５の電圧を検知する手段も具備されている（図示省略）。また、発電機２としては、例えばオルタネータ、モータジェネレータなどの何れをも用いることができる。その他の構成は、従来技術による例えば公知の車両と同様であるので説明を省略する。   The temperature detection means 9 of the electric double layer capacitor 3 may be installed directly on the electric double layer capacitor 3 for temperature detection, or may be installed on a component in the vicinity of the electric double layer capacitor 3 to estimate the temperature. . Further, the voltage detecting means 10 can detect the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 by the input voltage of the power converter 4. Also, a means for detecting the voltage of the battery 5 is provided (not shown). As the generator 2, for example, an alternator or a motor generator can be used. Other configurations are the same as those of a known vehicle, for example, according to the prior art, and thus description thereof is omitted.

なお、この実施の形態１の車両用電源システムを適用し得る車両は、車両の制動時に得られる運動エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する発電機と、この発電機によって回生された電力を蓄える電気二重層コンデンサ及びバッテリからなる蓄電手段を備えたもので、例えば、駆動用の動力源として内燃機関と駆動モータを有するハイブリッド車、内燃機関を有し駆動モータを持たず制動時の回生エネルギーを利用する自動車、内燃機関を有しない電気自動車、燃料電池車などを挙げることができる。何れの場合も、１つまたは複数のＥＣＵを備えた車両に対して好ましく適用することができる。   The vehicle to which the vehicle power supply system of the first embodiment can be applied includes a generator that converts kinetic energy obtained during braking of the vehicle into electric energy, and an electric double layer that stores electric power regenerated by the generator. Power storage means comprising a capacitor and a battery, for example, a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a drive motor as a driving power source, an automobile having an internal combustion engine and having no drive motor and utilizing regenerative energy during braking An electric vehicle having no internal combustion engine, a fuel cell vehicle, etc. can be mentioned. In any case, it can be preferably applied to a vehicle including one or a plurality of ECUs.

次に、上記のように構成された実施の形態１の動作について説明する。まず。通常の動作としては、初め車両の走行時に内燃機関１によって発電機２が回され、発電した電力は電力変換器４を介して各種車載機器などからなる負荷６に供給される。そして、制動時や長い下り坂での抑速時においては、車両の運動エネルギーによって発電機２が付勢されるように、励磁電流を大きくして発電量を増やし、回生された発電量の大きい、負荷６で消費しきれない余剰の電力を電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄電する。この後は、電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄えられた電力が負荷６に供給され、発電機２は電気二重層コンデンサ３の電力が空になるか、もしくは電圧が所定のレベルを下回るか、または制動時以外は発電しない。このように動作させることにより、特に内燃機関１を用いた車両では負荷が減り燃費が向上する。   Next, the operation of the first embodiment configured as described above will be described. First. As a normal operation, the generator 2 is first rotated by the internal combustion engine 1 when the vehicle travels, and the generated power is supplied to a load 6 including various in-vehicle devices via the power converter 4. When braking or slowing down a long downhill, the generator 2 is energized by the kinetic energy of the vehicle to increase the power generation amount by increasing the excitation current, and the regenerated power generation amount is large. The surplus power that cannot be consumed by the load 6 is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 3. After this, the electric power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 3 is supplied to the load 6, and the generator 2 has the electric double layer capacitor 3 emptied, the voltage falls below a predetermined level, or braking. It does not generate electricity except during times. By operating in this way, particularly in a vehicle using the internal combustion engine 1, the load is reduced and the fuel consumption is improved.

また、電圧検出手段１０によって検出された電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧がバッテリ５の電圧よりも高いとき、例えば電気二重層コンデンサ３が満充電になった場合、例えばアイドリングストップ時に電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄えられた電力を、電力変換器４を介して電気二重層コンデンサ３から負荷６へ供給する。これにより、アイドリングストップによる燃料消費の抑制、及びバッテリ５に蓄えられたエネルギーの消費が抑制されることにより、エネルギー損失が減る。なおこの場合、電気二重層コンデンサ３とバッテリ５の電圧が略同等となるまで電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行うようにすることにより、電力変換器４は降圧のみを行う構成とすることができる。   Further, when the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 detected by the voltage detecting means 10 is higher than the voltage of the battery 5, for example, when the electric double layer capacitor 3 is fully charged, for example, when the idling stops, the electric double layer capacitor 3 Is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor 3 to the load 6 via the power converter 4. Thereby, energy loss is reduced by suppressing fuel consumption due to idling stop and suppressing consumption of energy stored in the battery 5. In this case, the power converter 4 performs only a step-down operation by discharging the electric double layer capacitor 3 and charging the battery 5 until the voltages of the electric double layer capacitor 3 and the battery 5 become substantially equal. It can be.

一方、車両駐車検出装置８としてのキースイッチセンサがキースイッチのＯＦＦによる車両駐車を検出した時に、温度検出手段９によって検出された電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が予め設定された所定レベル、例えば８０℃を超え、かつ電圧検出手段１０によって検出された電気二重層コンデンサ３が満充電に相当するレベルであった場合、制御装置７は電力変換器４を動作させ電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行う。これにより、電気二重層コンデンサ３が高温かつ満充電で長時間放置されることが避けられ、電気二重層コンデンサ３の劣化が抑制される。なお、電気二重層コンデンサ３の満充電は、例えば満充電時の電圧が２７Ｖのとき、電圧検出手段１０による検出電圧が例えば２５Ｖを超えれば満充電とみなすことで判定される。   On the other hand, when the key switch sensor as the vehicle parking detection device 8 detects vehicle parking due to the key switch being turned off, the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 detected by the temperature detection means 9 is set at a predetermined level, for example, 80 When the electric double layer capacitor 3 detected by the voltage detection means 10 is at a level corresponding to full charge, the control device 7 operates the power converter 4 to discharge the electric double layer capacitor 3 and the battery. 5 is charged. Thereby, it is avoided that the electric double layer capacitor 3 is left at a high temperature and fully charged for a long time, and the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is suppressed. The full charge of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is determined by regarding the full charge when the voltage detected by the voltage detection means 10 exceeds, for example, 25 V when the voltage at full charge is 27 V, for example.

なお、車両駐車時に電気二重層コンデンサ３が満充電の状態でも、温度が所定レベルに達していなかった場合は、電気二重層コンデンサ３からバッテリ５への充電動作を行わない。これにより、電気二重層コンデンサ３の劣化を抑制しつつ、エネルギー損失を低減できる。また、車両駐車時に電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が所定レベルを超えていても、電圧検出手段１０によって検出された電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧が所定レベルよりも低い場合、電気二重層コンデンサ３からバッテリ３への充電動作を行わない。これにより、電気二重層コンデンサ３の劣化を同様に抑制しつつ、エネルギー損失を低減できる。
より具体的な例を挙げれば、車両駐車時に電気二重層コンデンサ３が満充電の状態でも、該電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が８０℃以下の場合は、電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行わない。また、例えば電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が８０℃を超えていても、電圧検出手段１０によって検出された電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧が２５Ｖよりも低い場合、電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行わない。 Even if the electric double layer capacitor 3 is fully charged when the vehicle is parked, if the temperature does not reach a predetermined level, the charging operation from the electric double layer capacitor 3 to the battery 5 is not performed. Thereby, energy loss can be reduced while suppressing deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 3. Further, when the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 detected by the voltage detecting means 10 is lower than the predetermined level even when the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 exceeds a predetermined level when the vehicle is parked, the electric double layer capacitor 3 The battery 3 is not charged. Thereby, energy loss can be reduced while suppressing deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 3 similarly.
To give a more specific example, even when the electric double layer capacitor 3 is fully charged when the vehicle is parked, if the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is 80 ° C. or lower, the electric double layer capacitor 3 is discharged and the battery 5 is discharged. Do not charge. For example, if the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 detected by the voltage detecting means 10 is lower than 25 V even if the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 exceeds 80 ° C., the discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 3 and the battery 5 is not charged.

なお、制御装置７は車両駐車時に温度検出手段９により電気二重層コンデンサ３の高温状態を検出した場合は、ファン１１を用いて電気二重層コンデンサ３を冷却する。これにより電気二重層コンデンサの高温状態での劣化を抑制することができる。なお、車両の走行時は風を受けるのでファン１１の運転は必ずしも必要ではない。また、ファン１１はファン以外の冷却手段、例えば水冷方式、ヒートパイプなどを組み合わせたものなどであっても良い。また、車両駐車検出手段８として、キースイッチを利用する例を示したが、他の手段、例えば運転席シートベルトスイッチ、パーキングブレーキを動作させていることを表示するためのスイッチ等を用いても良い。   The controller 7 uses the fan 11 to cool the electric double layer capacitor 3 when the temperature detecting means 9 detects the high temperature state of the electric double layer capacitor 3 when the vehicle is parked. Thereby, deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor in a high temperature state can be suppressed. In addition, since the wind is received when the vehicle travels, the operation of the fan 11 is not always necessary. The fan 11 may be a cooling means other than the fan, for example, a combination of a water cooling method, a heat pipe, and the like. Moreover, although the example using a key switch was shown as the vehicle parking detection means 8, other means, for example, a switch for displaying that the driver's seat belt switch or the parking brake is operated, etc. may be used. good.

上記説明したように、実施の形態１によれば、車両が駐車したときに電気二重層コンデンサ３が高温かつ満充電の状態の場合には、該電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄えられた電気エネルギーをバッテリ５に蓄電させて放電することで、高温かつ満充電の状態が長時間放置されることが無くなる。このため、電気二重層コンデンサ３の劣化が防止され、寿命を延ばすことができる。また、電気二重層コンデンサ３で消費していたエネルギーをバッテリ５に充電させ、電力変換器４を介した充放電の機会が限定されることにより、エネルギー損失を小さくすることができる。   As described above, according to the first embodiment, when the electric double layer capacitor 3 is at a high temperature and fully charged when the vehicle is parked, the electric energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 3 is stored. By storing the battery 5 and discharging it, the high temperature and fully charged state is not left for a long time. For this reason, deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is prevented, and the life can be extended. Further, the energy consumed by the electric double layer capacitor 3 is charged in the battery 5, and the opportunity for charging / discharging through the power converter 4 is limited, whereby the energy loss can be reduced.

また、車両駐車時に電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が低い場合、あるいは、電気二重層コンデンサ３の温度が高くても満充電状態ではない場合は、電力変換器４を介して電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行わないことにより、電力変換器４で生じるエネルギー損失を低減することができる。また、電気二重層コンデンサ３の放電とバッテリ５の充電を行う場合、電気二重層コンデンサ３とバッテリ５の電圧が略同等となるまでとすることで、電力変換器４は降圧のみを行う構成とすることができるので回路が簡素となり安価にできる。例えば、バッテリ５の電圧が１４Ｖで、電気二重層コンデンサ３の電圧が１５Ｖ以下になった場合、電気二重層コンデンサ３とバッテリ５の電圧が略同等とみなされる。   Further, when the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is low when the vehicle is parked, or when the electric double layer capacitor 3 is not fully charged even if the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is high, the electric double layer capacitor 3 is connected via the power converter 4. By not discharging and charging the battery 5, energy loss generated in the power converter 4 can be reduced. Further, when the electric double layer capacitor 3 is discharged and the battery 5 is charged, the power converter 4 performs only a step-down operation by making the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 and the battery 5 substantially equal. As a result, the circuit becomes simple and inexpensive. For example, when the voltage of the battery 5 is 14 V and the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is 15 V or less, the voltages of the electric double layer capacitor 3 and the battery 5 are regarded as substantially equal.

さらに、車両駐車検出装置８としてキースイッチセンサを用いたので、車両駐車検出装置８を新たに設置する必要が無いので安価にでき、また、内燃機関１が動いているかどうかがはっきり分かるので駐車を正しく判別できる。また、制動時に得られる回生電力を電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄電した後は、電気二重層コンデンサ３に蓄えられた電力を負荷６に供給し、発電機２は電気二重層コンデンサ３の電力が空になるか、もしくは電圧が所定のレベルを下回り、または制動時以外は発電しないようにしたことにより、特に内燃機関１を用いた車両では負荷が減ることにより、燃費が向上する。   Further, since a key switch sensor is used as the vehicle parking detection device 8, it is not necessary to newly install the vehicle parking detection device 8, so that the vehicle parking detection device 8 can be made inexpensive, and it can be clearly seen whether the internal combustion engine 1 is moving. Can be determined correctly. In addition, after the regenerative power obtained at the time of braking is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 3, the power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 3 is supplied to the load 6, and the electric power of the electric double layer capacitor 3 is empty in the generator 2. If the voltage is below a predetermined level or power generation is not performed except during braking, the fuel consumption is improved by reducing the load particularly in the vehicle using the internal combustion engine 1.

なお、内燃機関１を用いない車両では電気二重層コンデンサ３の劣化が防止され、寿命を延ばすことができる。また、電気二重層コンデンサ３で消費していたエネルギーをバッテリ５に充電させることにより、エネルギー損失を小さくすることができ、また、電力変換器４を介した充放電の機会が結果的に減ることにより、エネルギー損失を小さくすることができるという効果が得られる。   In a vehicle that does not use the internal combustion engine 1, the electric double layer capacitor 3 is prevented from being deteriorated and the life can be extended. Further, by charging the battery 5 with the energy consumed by the electric double layer capacitor 3, energy loss can be reduced, and the chances of charging / discharging through the power converter 4 are consequently reduced. Thus, an effect that energy loss can be reduced is obtained.

１ 内燃機関、 ２ 発電機、 ３ 電気二重層コンデンサ、 ４ 電力変換器、 ５ バッテリ、 ６ 負荷、 ７ 制御装置、 ８ 車両駐車検出装置、 ９ 温度検出手段、 １０ 電圧検出手段、 １１ ファン（冷却手段）。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Internal combustion engine, 2 Generator, 3 Electric double layer capacitor, 4 Power converter, 5 Battery, 6 Load, 7 Control apparatus, 8 Vehicle parking detection apparatus, 9 Temperature detection means, 10 Voltage detection means, 11 Fan (cooling means) ).

Claims (6)

車両の制動時に電力を回生する発電機の出力側に接続された電気二重層コンデンサと、この電気二重層コンデンサに接続された電力変換器と、この電力変換器の出力側に接続されたバッテリと、上記車両の駐車を検出する車両駐車検出装置と、上記電気二重層コンデンサの温度検出手段及び電圧検出手段と、上記電力変換器を制御する制御装置とを備え、上記制御装置は、上記車両駐車検出装置が上記車両の駐車を検出し、上記温度検出手段によって検出された温度が所定値を超え、かつ上記電圧検出手段が上記電気二重層コンデンサの満充電状態を検知したときに、上記電気二重層コンデンサの電気エネルギーにより上記バッテリを充電することを特徴とする車両用電源システム。   An electric double layer capacitor connected to the output side of the generator that regenerates power when braking the vehicle, a power converter connected to the electric double layer capacitor, and a battery connected to the output side of the power converter; A vehicle parking detection device for detecting the parking of the vehicle, a temperature detection means and a voltage detection means for the electric double layer capacitor, and a control device for controlling the power converter. When the detection device detects parking of the vehicle, the temperature detected by the temperature detection means exceeds a predetermined value, and the voltage detection means detects the fully charged state of the electric double layer capacitor, the electric double A vehicle power supply system, wherein the battery is charged with electric energy of a multilayer capacitor. 上記車両は内燃機関を備え、上記発電機は、上記内燃機関の発生する動力によって付勢される機能を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の車両用電源システム。   The vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, and the generator has a function of being energized by power generated by the internal combustion engine. 上記制御装置は、上記電気二重層コンデンサと上記バッテリの電圧がほぼ同等になるまで上記電気二重層コンデンサの放電と上記バッテリの充電を行うようにしたことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の車両用電源システム。   3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to discharge the electric double layer capacitor and charge the battery until the voltages of the electric double layer capacitor and the battery are substantially equal. The vehicle power supply system described in 1. 上記車両駐車検出装置は、キースイッチセンサであることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３の何れかに記載の車両用電源システム。   The vehicle power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vehicle parking detection device is a key switch sensor. 上記制御装置は、上記車両駐車検出装置が上記車両の駐車を検出し、上記温度検出手段が上記電気二重層コンデンサの高温状態を検知したときに、上記電気二重層コンデンサを冷却する冷却手段を用いて上記電気二重層コンデンサを冷却することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４の何れかに記載の車両用電源システム。   The control device uses cooling means for cooling the electric double layer capacitor when the vehicle parking detection device detects parking of the vehicle and the temperature detection means detects a high temperature state of the electric double layer capacitor. The vehicle power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electric double layer capacitor is cooled. 上記制御装置は、上記電力変換器の内部または車両の各種制御を電子的に行う制御用コンピュータであるＥＣＵの内部に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５の何れかに記載の車両用電源システム。   6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is provided in the power converter or in an ECU that is a control computer that electronically performs various controls of the vehicle. The vehicle power supply system described.
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