JP2011247748A - Bubble observation method and device thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方のバブル径の分布やその個数および挙動を画像で観測するバブル観測方法およびその装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a bubble observation method and apparatus for observing, with an image, the bubble diameter distribution, the number and behavior of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles.
バブル発生装置より発生したマイクロバブルのバブル径の分布やその個数等を計測して発生したマイクロバブルの現状を把握することによって、さらに小さなマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方（以下、これらを単に「バブル」という）の発生やバブル密度等が向上したバブル発生装置の開発指針が導ける。 By measuring the bubble diameter distribution and the number of microbubbles generated from the bubble generator, and understanding the current state of the generated microbubbles, at least one of smaller microbubbles and nanobubbles (hereinafter simply referred to as “bubbles”). )) And development guidelines for bubble generators with improved bubble density.
バブル発生装置から発生したバブルのバブル径の分布や個数等の計測は、一般的に、微細粒子にレーザ光を照射して、その散乱光の強度や分布から径を計測する光散乱方式で行われている（例えば、特許文献１−３参照）。 Measurement of the bubble diameter distribution and number of bubbles generated from a bubble generator is generally performed by a light scattering method in which fine particles are irradiated with laser light and the diameter is measured from the intensity and distribution of the scattered light. (For example, see Patent Documents 1-3).
光散乱方式は、上記バブルを含む水（以下、この水を「バブル水」という）にレーザ光を照射して、水中の散乱体（バブルや異物など）を計測する方式であり、水中にバブルと共に微細異物が混入していると、それをバブルとして計測してしまい、満足の得られる結果が得られない。また、バブル径は、標準粒子と呼ばれているポリスチレンラテックス粒子（固体）が水中にある場合で校正されており、バブル（気体）が水中にある場合と屈折率が異なり正確に計測することが難しい。 The light scattering method is a method in which water containing the bubbles (hereinafter, this water is referred to as “bubble water”) is irradiated with laser light to measure scatterers (bubbles, foreign substances, etc.) in water. At the same time, if fine foreign matter is mixed, it is measured as a bubble, and satisfactory results cannot be obtained. The bubble diameter is calibrated when polystyrene latex particles (solid) called standard particles are in water, and the refractive index is different from that when bubbles (gas) are in water. difficult.
光散乱方式でバブルを直接計測する場合、照射するレーザビーム内にバブルが単体で存在しなければならない。レーザビーム内に複数個のバブルが存在すると、複数個のバブルからの散乱光が重畳されて大きなバブルが１個あるとして計測をする。このため、バブルが単分散で入った水を希釈して濃度が低い状態で少量の計測を行わなければならない。 When a bubble is directly measured by the light scattering method, the bubble must exist alone in the laser beam to be irradiated. When a plurality of bubbles are present in the laser beam, the measurement is performed assuming that one large bubble is formed by superimposing scattered light from the plurality of bubbles. For this reason, it is necessary to dilute the water in which the bubbles are monodispersed and measure a small amount in a state where the concentration is low.
現在、発表されている論文や文献では、バブルは時間が経過するにつれて収縮して径が縮小すると言われている。また、大きなバブルは急速に上昇して水中から消滅する。これらのことから、バブル発生装置から発生したバブルの径や個数等の計測は、発生直後から時間の経過に伴って測らなければならない。 Currently published papers and literature say that the bubble shrinks over time and shrinks in diameter. Large bubbles rise rapidly and disappear from the water. For these reasons, the diameter and number of bubbles generated from the bubble generating device must be measured with the passage of time immediately after generation.
バブルは、周囲の水の圧力などが変化すると径が変化したり比較的径の大きなものは浮上して消滅したりする。このため、バブル発生装置から発生したバブルを収容している水槽等からスポイト等で計測を目的としたサンプルを収集した場合、圧力等の環境が水槽内とは全く異なり、水槽内のバブルに対してバブル径が変化したり比較的径の大きなマイクロバブルは浮上して消滅したりして、その挙動を正確に観測することが難しい。 Bubbles change in diameter when the pressure of surrounding water changes, and bubbles with a relatively large diameter rise and disappear. For this reason, when a sample for the purpose of measurement is collected with a dropper etc. from a water tank or the like containing bubbles generated from the bubble generator, the environment such as pressure is completely different from that in the water tank. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately observe the behavior of microbubbles that change in bubble diameter or rise and disappear.
本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を画像で正確に観測できるバブル観測方法およびその装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of these points, and an object thereof is to provide a bubble observation method and apparatus capable of accurately observing at least one behavior of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in a water tank with an image. .
請求項１に記載された発明は、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水の一部を水槽に対してバイパス配管された透明の観測用セル内に導入し、この観測用セル内を撮像装置で撮像して観測用セル内の水中にあるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を画像として捉え、このマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を画像で観測するバブル観測方法である。 The invention described in claim 1 introduces a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in a water tank into a transparent observation cell bypassed to the water tank. A bubble observation method in which the inside of the observation cell is imaged with an imaging device, and at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in the observation cell is captured as an image, and the behavior of at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles is observed with an image. is there.
請求項２に記載された発明は、請求項１記載のバブル観測方法において、撮像装置で捉えたマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の静止画像からバブル径の分布および個数を観測する観測方法である。 The invention described in claim 2 is the bubble observation method according to claim 1, wherein the bubble diameter distribution and number are observed from at least one still image of microbubbles and nanobubbles captured by an imaging device.
請求項３に記載された発明は、請求項１または２記載のバブル観測方法において、観測用セル内に、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水が導入された時点で、観測用セル内へのバブル水の流入を停止させ、観測用セル内でのバブル水の流動が安定した時点から観測用セル内の観測を開始する観測方法である。 The invention described in claim 3 is the bubble observation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is introduced into the observation cell, the observation cell This is an observation method in which the inflow of bubble water into the inside is stopped and the observation in the observation cell is started when the flow of bubble water in the observation cell is stabilized.
請求項４に記載された発明は、請求項１乃至３いずれか記載のバブル観測方法において、撮像装置の観測領域として撮像装置の縦横の視野寸法と焦点深度との積により観測体積を算出し、撮像装置の観測領域におけるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の静止画像からバブル個数を観測し、観測体積とバブル個数とから単位体積当たりのマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の個数を算出する観測方法である。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the bubble observation method according to any one of the first to third aspects, the observation volume is calculated as a product of the vertical and horizontal visual field dimensions and the focal depth of the imaging device as the observation region of the imaging device, This is an observation method in which the number of bubbles is observed from a still image of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in the observation region of the imaging device, and the number of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles per unit volume is calculated from the observed volume and the number of bubbles. .
請求項５に記載された発明は、バブル発生装置により水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水の一部を取り出して水槽に戻すバイパス配管系に設けられた透明の観測用セルと、この観測用セルに対して設けられた照明光学系と、この照明光学系により照射された観測用セル内を撮像する撮像装置と、この撮像装置で捉えた画像に関するデジタルデータを画像処理しマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を画像データとして出力するパーソナルコンピュータとを具備したバブル観測装置である。 The invention described in claim 5 is a transparent observation provided in a bypass piping system that takes out a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in a water tank by a bubble generator and returns it to the water tank. Cell, an illumination optical system provided for the observation cell, an imaging device for imaging the inside of the observation cell irradiated by the illumination optical system, and digital data relating to an image captured by the imaging device A bubble observation apparatus including a personal computer that processes and outputs at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles as image data.
請求項６に記載された発明は、請求項５記載のバブル観測装置における撮像装置として、観測用セルに対向する対物レンズと鏡筒を有する光学系に高速度デジタルカメラが接続された観測装置である。 The invention described in claim 6 is an observation apparatus in which a high-speed digital camera is connected to an optical system having an objective lens and a lens barrel facing an observation cell as an imaging apparatus in the bubble observation apparatus according to claim 5. is there.
請求項７に記載された発明は、請求項５または６記載のバブル観測装置において、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水の一部を観測用セルに導入する箇所でバイパス配管系に設けられた開閉バルブを具備した観測装置である。 The invention described in claim 7 is the bubble observation device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in the water tank is introduced into the observation cell. The observation device provided with an open / close valve provided in the bypass piping system.
請求項８に記載された発明は、請求項５乃至７いずれか記載のバブル観測装置において、観測用セルの上部に取り付けられ、水槽内から観測用セル内に流入したバブル水を水槽内の水面の高さと同じ高さになるようにして水槽に戻すセル上部槽を具備した観測装置である。 The invention described in claim 8 is the bubble observation device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the bubble water attached to the upper part of the observation cell and flowing into the observation cell from the inside of the aquarium It is an observation device equipped with a cell upper tank that is returned to the water tank so as to be the same height as.
請求項１記載の発明によれば、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水の一部を水槽に対してバイパス配管されて水槽内と水圧などが同様の環境下にある透明の観測用セル内に導入し、この観測用セル内を撮像装置で撮像して観測用セル内の水中にあるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を目視観測可能な画像として捉え、このマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を画像で観測するので、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の発生した直後から画像で捉えて正確に観測できる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in the water tank is bypassed to the water tank so that the water pressure and the like are in the same environment as the water tank. This microbubble is introduced into a transparent observation cell, the inside of this observation cell is imaged with an imaging device, and at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles in the observation cell is recognized as an image that can be visually observed. Since at least one behavior of nanobubbles is observed with an image, the behavior of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in a water tank can be accurately observed by capturing images immediately after the occurrence of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles. .
請求項２記載の発明によれば、撮像装置で捉えたマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の静止画像からバブル径の分布および個数を観測するので、形状や光の反射などから水中に混在する微細異物とマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方との判別が容易であり、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方のみを正確に観測することができる。また、画像の視野内では形状の判別が可能であるので、複数個のマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方が重畳する場合であっても判別してカウントすることができ、画像の視野内に多量のマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方が存在しても観測が可能である。したがって、高濃度のマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の観測が可能である。 According to the second aspect of the invention, since the bubble diameter distribution and number are observed from at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles captured by the imaging device, the fine foreign matter mixed in the water due to the shape and reflection of light. Can be easily distinguished from at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles, and only at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles can be accurately observed. In addition, since it is possible to determine the shape within the field of view of the image, it is possible to determine and count even when at least one of a plurality of microbubbles and nanobubbles overlap, Observation is possible even if at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is present. Therefore, at least one of high-density microbubbles and nanobubbles can be observed.
請求項３記載の発明によれば、観測用セル内に、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水が導入された時点で、観測用セル内へのバブル水の流入を停止させて、観測用セル内でのバブル水の流動が安定した時点から観測用セル内の観測を開始することにより、水の流れの少ない安定した対流状態または水の流れの影響を受けない状態でマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の水中での経時変化等の挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 According to the invention of claim 3, when bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is introduced into the observation cell, the inflow of bubble water into the observation cell is stopped, By starting the observation in the observation cell when the flow of bubble water in the observation cell is stabilized, the microbubbles and the water in a stable convection state with little water flow or unaffected by the water flow can be obtained. It is possible to accurately observe the behavior of at least one of the nanobubbles such as a change with time in water.
請求項４記載の発明によれば、撮像装置の観測領域として縦横の視野寸法と焦点深度との積により観測体積を算出し、撮像装置の観測領域におけるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の静止画像からバブル個数を観測し、観測体積とバブル個数とから単位体積当たりのマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の個数を算出することで、水中のマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方のバブル密度を正確に算出できる。 According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the observation volume is calculated by the product of the vertical and horizontal visual field dimensions and the focal depth as the observation region of the imaging device, and from the still image of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in the observation region of the imaging device. By observing the number of bubbles and calculating the number of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles per unit volume from the observed volume and the number of bubbles, the bubble density of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in water can be accurately calculated.
請求項５記載の発明によれば、水槽のバイパス配管系に透明の観測用セルを設けて水槽内と観測用セル内の水圧などを同様の環境下におき、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水の一部をサンプルとしてこのバイパス配管系の観測用セルに取り出し、照明光学系により照射された観測用セル内を撮像する撮像装置で捉えた画像に関するデジタルデータを、パーソナルコンピュータにより画像処理しマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を画像データとして出力するので、水槽内で発生したマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を、照明光学系および撮像装置が準備された観測用セル内に取り出して目視観測可能な画像で捉え、正確に観測できる。 According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a transparent observation cell is provided in the bypass piping system of the aquarium, the water pressure in the aquarium and the observation cell are placed in the same environment, and the microbubbles generated in the aquarium and A part of the bubble water containing at least one of the nanobubbles is taken as a sample into the observation cell of this bypass piping system, and digital data relating to the image captured by the imaging device that images the inside of the observation cell irradiated by the illumination optical system is obtained. Since the image processing is performed by a personal computer and at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is output as image data, the behavior of at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in the water tank is observed for which an illumination optical system and an imaging device are prepared. It can be taken out in the cell and captured with a visually observable image, and it can be observed accurately.
請求項６記載の発明によれば、観測用セルに対向する対物レンズと鏡筒を有する光学系に接続された高速度デジタルカメラで短時間のうちに多数の画像データを収集できることから、水中でのマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の移動や凝集および合体などの、短時間のうちに行なわれる経時的変化の様子すなわち挙動も観測が可能である。 According to the invention described in claim 6, since a large number of image data can be collected in a short time with a high-speed digital camera connected to an optical system having an objective lens and a lens barrel facing the observation cell, It is also possible to observe the state of change, that is, the behavior of the microbubbles and nanobubbles over time, such as the movement, aggregation, and coalescence of the microbubbles and nanobubbles.
請求項７記載の発明によれば、観測用セル内にマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を含んだバブル水が導入されたならば、観測用セルへの導入箇所に設けられた開閉バルブを閉じて、バブル水の流入を停止することで、観測用セル内の水の流れの少ない安定した対流状態または水の流れの影響を受けない状態でマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の水中での挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is introduced into the observation cell, the open / close valve provided at the introduction point to the observation cell is closed. By stopping the inflow of bubble water, image the behavior of microbubbles and nanobubbles in water in a stable convection state with little water flow in the observation cell or under the influence of water flow It can be observed accurately.
請求項８記載の発明によれば、マイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方は、周囲の水圧などが変化すると径が変化したり比較的径の大きなマイクロバブルは浮上して消滅しやすいが、観測用セルの上部に取り付けたセル上部槽は、水槽内の水面の高さと観測用セル上の水面の高さとが同じになるようにして、観測用セル内が水槽内の一部となるように水圧条件を同一にすることができるので、水槽内と同一の水圧環境の下でマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方のバブル径や個数および挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles changes in diameter when the surrounding water pressure or the like changes, and microbubbles having a relatively large diameter are likely to rise and disappear. The upper cell of the cell attached to the top of the water tank should have the same water level as the water level in the water tank and the water level on the observation cell so that the water inside the observation cell is part of the water tank. Therefore, it is possible to accurately observe the bubble diameter, number and behavior of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles under the same hydraulic environment as in the water tank.
以下、本発明を、図１乃至図９に示された一実施の形態に基いて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on one embodiment shown in FIGS.
図１は、バブル観測装置の構成図を示し、バブル発生装置としてのバブル発生源１により気体が加圧溶解された水を導入配管1aを介して導入する水槽２が設置されている。バブル発生源１と水槽２との間には、水槽２内の水をバブル発生源１に戻す戻し配管1bも設置されている。 FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a bubble observation apparatus, in which a water tank 2 for introducing water, in which a gas is pressure-dissolved by a bubble generation source 1 as a bubble generation apparatus, is introduced through an introduction pipe 1a. Between the bubble generation source 1 and the water tank 2, a return pipe 1b for returning the water in the water tank 2 to the bubble generation source 1 is also installed.
バブル発生源１は、例えば水中に気体を加圧溶解するための渦流ポンプや気体溶解タンクなどを備え、これらにより発生した気体溶解水を、水槽２内に設置されたバブル発生装置としてのバブル発生ノズル３に供給する。バブル発生源１およびバブル発生ノズル３によりバブル発生装置を構成する。 The bubble generation source 1 includes, for example, a vortex pump or a gas dissolution tank for pressure-dissolving gas in water, and the gas generation water generated by these is generated as a bubble generator installed in the water tank 2 Supply to nozzle 3. A bubble generator is constituted by the bubble generation source 1 and the bubble generation nozzle 3.
このバブル発生ノズル３は、バブル発生源１から導入配管1aを介し加圧供給された気体の加圧溶解された水を噴出させることでマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方（以下、マイクロバブルまたはナノバブルの一方および両方を単に「バブル」という）を発生させるノズルであり、このバブル発生ノズル３の噴出孔と対向する同一水深の位置で、水槽２に、開閉バルブ4Vを取り付けた導入通路４が接続され、この導入通路４の先端に、セル下部槽5aを介して透明ガラス製の観測用セル５の下端開口が連通接続され、この観測用セル５の上端開口に、セル上部槽６および戻し通路6aを介して水槽２の上部内が連通接続されている。 This bubble generation nozzle 3 ejects at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles (hereinafter referred to as microbubbles or nanobubbles) by ejecting water in which gas is pressurized and dissolved from the bubble generation source 1 through the introduction pipe 1a. One and both are simply “bubbles”, and an introduction passage 4 having an opening / closing valve 4V attached to the water tank 2 is connected to the water tank 2 at the same water depth facing the ejection hole of the bubble generation nozzle 3. The lower end opening of the observation cell 5 made of transparent glass is connected to the leading end of the introduction passage 4 through the cell lower tank 5a. The upper cell opening 6 and the return passage 6a are connected to the upper end opening of the observation cell 5. The inside of the upper part of the water tank 2 is connected in communication.
開閉バルブ4Vは、開状態で導入通路４を絞らずにストレートに開通できる全開構造が、水槽２内で発生したバブルを含んだバブル水の一部を、圧力変化などを与えずにそのままの状態でセル下部槽5a内に導く上で望ましい。 The open / close valve 4V is open and can be opened straight without squeezing the introduction passage 4, but a part of bubble water containing bubbles generated in the water tank 2 remains as it is without any pressure change. Therefore, it is desirable for guiding into the cell lower tank 5a.
セル下部槽5aは、水槽２内で発生したバブルの一部を、圧力変化などを与えずにそのままの状態で観測用セル５内に導けるように、観測用セル５よりバルブ水導入方向に大形に形成することが望ましい。 The cell lower tank 5a is larger in the valve water introduction direction than the observation cell 5 so that a part of the bubbles generated in the water tank 2 can be introduced into the observation cell 5 as it is without being subjected to pressure change. It is desirable to form it into a shape.
観測用セル５の上部に取り付けたセル上部槽６は、水槽２の水面の高さと観測用セル５上の水面の高さとが同じになるように水面等高化して、観測用セル５内が水槽２内の一部となり同一水深で同一水圧が得られるように水圧条件を同一にし、水槽２内から観測用セル５内に流入した水に水圧変化(加圧、減圧)を与えずに水を水槽２に返す役割を有する。 The cell upper tank 6 attached to the upper part of the observation cell 5 is leveled up so that the water level of the water tank 2 and the water level on the observation cell 5 are the same, The water pressure conditions are the same so that the same water pressure can be obtained at the same water depth as a part of the water tank 2, and the water flowing into the observation cell 5 from the water tank 2 is not subjected to water pressure change (pressurization, pressure reduction). Has the role of returning to the water tank 2.
このように、バブル発生ノズル３と同一水深位置の導入通路４、開閉バルブ4Vの全開構造、セル下部槽5aの大形化およびセル上部槽６の水面等高化などは、水槽２内で発生したバブル水の一部を、温度や水圧などを変化させずに水槽２内と同様の環境下で観測用セル５内に導入するための構造である。 In this way, the introduction passage 4 at the same depth as the bubble generating nozzle 3, the fully open structure of the open / close valve 4V, the enlargement of the cell lower tank 5a and the elevation of the water level of the cell upper tank 6 occur in the water tank 2. This is a structure for introducing a part of the bubble water into the observation cell 5 under the same environment as in the water tank 2 without changing the temperature, water pressure, or the like.
観測用セル５の側面には、観測用セル５に対向する対物レンズ8aと鏡筒8bを有する光学系にこれらの対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを介して画像を捉える高速度デジタルカメラ8cを接続した撮像装置８が設置されている。 On the side surface of the observation cell 5, a high-speed digital camera 8c that captures an image through the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b is connected to an optical system having the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b facing the observation cell 5. The imaging device 8 is installed.
この高速度デジタルカメラ8cとしては、例えば毎秒３００フレーム以上の高速度撮影が可能なＣＣＤ（チャージ・カップルド・デバイス）またはＣＭＯＳ（コンプリメンタリ・メタル・オキサイド・セミコンダクタ）等の受像素子を有するエリアセンサカメラを用いる。 As this high-speed digital camera 8c, for example, an area sensor having an image receiving element such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) capable of high-speed shooting at 300 frames or more per second. Use a camera.
対物レンズ8aは、その倍率を大きくすると、視野は狭まるが、観測バブルの画像は拡大されて、観測バブルの観測精度が向上し、反対に、その倍率を小さくすると、観測領域が広がり、バブルが見つかりやすくなる。 When the magnification of the objective lens 8a is increased, the field of view is narrowed, but the image of the observation bubble is enlarged, and the observation accuracy of the observation bubble is improved, and conversely, when the magnification is reduced, the observation region is expanded and the bubble is formed. It becomes easy to find.
さらに、観測用セル５に対して照明光学系９が設置され、この照明光学系９で照明された観測用セル５内を撮像する撮像装置８は、この撮像装置８で捉えた画像に関するデジタルデータを画像処理して画像データとして出力するパーソナルコンピュータ10に接続され、このパーソナルコンピュータ10は、画像データに基づき画像を出力する図示されないモニタやプリンタなどの出力装置に接続されている。 Further, an illumination optical system 9 is installed for the observation cell 5, and the imaging device 8 that images the inside of the observation cell 5 illuminated by the illumination optical system 9 is digital data relating to an image captured by the imaging device 8. The personal computer 10 is connected to an output device such as a monitor or a printer (not shown) that outputs an image based on the image data.
次に、本観測装置の動作を説明する。 Next, the operation of this observation apparatus will be described.
バブル発生源１により気体が加圧溶解された水を水槽２に導入する。導入された気体が加圧溶解された水は、水槽２内に設置されたバブル発生ノズル３を経由して水槽２内にバブルを発生させる。バブルを含んだバブル水の一部は、バブル発生ノズル３と同一水深に位置する開閉バルブ4Vを取り付けた導入通路４を経由して、水槽２内と同様の温度や水圧などの環境下にある観測用セル５内に導入される。この場合、観測用セル５内に導入されたバブル水は、水槽２内に発生したバブル水のサンプルと考えることができる。 Water in which gas is pressure-dissolved by the bubble generation source 1 is introduced into the water tank 2. The water in which the introduced gas is dissolved under pressure generates bubbles in the water tank 2 via the bubble generation nozzle 3 installed in the water tank 2. Part of the bubble water containing bubbles is in an environment such as temperature and water pressure similar to the inside of the water tank 2 through the introduction passage 4 to which the opening / closing valve 4V located at the same depth as the bubble generation nozzle 3 is attached. It is introduced into the observation cell 5. In this case, the bubble water introduced into the observation cell 5 can be considered as a sample of bubble water generated in the water tank 2.
観測用セル５内に、充分に発生したバブルが満たされたならば、導入通路４の開閉バルブ4Vを閉じて、観測用セル５内へ流入する水流を停止させるようにする。 When the observation cell 5 is fully filled with bubbles, the open / close valve 4V of the introduction passage 4 is closed to stop the water flow flowing into the observation cell 5.
これにより、観測用セル５内のバブル水は、安定した対流状態を経て静止状態へと移行するので、観測用セル５内でのバブル水の流動が落ち着いて安定したバブル安定状態（すなわちバブルが緩速移動する状態または静止する状態）となった時点から、撮像装置８による観測用セル５内の観測を開始するのが、バブルの水中での挙動を画像で観測するのに最適である。 Thereby, since the bubble water in the observation cell 5 moves to a stationary state through a stable convection state, the flow of the bubble water in the observation cell 5 is settled and a stable bubble stable state (that is, the bubble is Starting the observation in the observation cell 5 by the imaging device 8 from the point of time when the state moves slowly or stops still is optimal for observing the behavior of bubbles in water with an image.
観測用セル５内のバブルの観測は、観測用セル５の側面に設置された対物レンズ8aを装備した鏡筒8bで覗き見て、その画像を鏡筒8bに取り付けた高速度デジタルカメラ8cで画像として捉える撮像装置８によって行う。 The bubble in the observation cell 5 is observed with a high-speed digital camera 8c attached to the lens barrel 8b by looking through the lens barrel 8b equipped with the objective lens 8a installed on the side of the observation cell 5. This is performed by the imaging device 8 that is captured as an image.
この撮像装置８で捉えた画像に関するデジタルデータは、パーソナルコンピュータ10で画像処理され、モニタまたはプリンタなどの出力装置に画像データとして出力され、出力装置からバブル画像が出力され、バブル形状、大きさ等が明瞭に表示される。 Digital data relating to the image captured by the imaging device 8 is subjected to image processing by the personal computer 10 and output as image data to an output device such as a monitor or a printer, a bubble image is output from the output device, and the bubble shape, size, etc. Is clearly displayed.
このとき、観測用セル５には、照明光学系９を用いて観測用セル５内のバブル水に光を照射して、バブルが明瞭に観測できるようにしておく。 At this time, the observation cell 5 is irradiated with light on the bubble water in the observation cell 5 using the illumination optical system 9 so that the bubbles can be clearly observed.
図２および図３に示されるように、対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを介して高速度デジタルカメラ8cにより画像を捉える撮像装置８の観測領域Ａは、対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを有する光学系の倍率で異なるが、倍率が明確ならば、対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを有する光学系の縦横の視野寸法Ｈ，Ｗと焦点深度Ｄとの積により観測体積Ｖを算出でき、この観測体積Ｖの観測領域Ａ内のバブルのみが明瞭に観測されるが、この観測領域Ａから外れた前後左右上下領域のバブルは焦点が合わず輪郭がぼやけてしまうことから、観測体積Ｖ内のバブル個数のみをカウントすることができ、単位体積当たりのバブル個数も換算可能である。すなわち、観測用セル５内の水中にあるバブルのバブル密度を算出できる。 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the observation area A of the imaging device 8 that captures an image with the high-speed digital camera 8c via the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b is an optical system having the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b. If the magnification is clear, the observation volume V can be calculated from the product of the vertical and horizontal visual field dimensions H and W and the focal depth D of the optical system having the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b. Only the bubbles in the observation volume A are clearly observed, but the bubbles in the front, rear, left, right, top, and bottom areas outside the observation area A are not focused and the outline is blurred. The number of bubbles per unit volume can also be converted. That is, the bubble density of bubbles in the water in the observation cell 5 can be calculated.
その際、図３（ａ）に示されるように、複数のバブルB1，B2が撮像装置８の観察点Ｓから見て重複している場合であっても、図３（ｂ）に示されるように、撮像装置８で捉えた画像によって、複数のバブルB1，B2を明瞭に識別することができるので、バブル個数を正確にカウントできる。 At that time, as shown in FIG. 3A, even when the plurality of bubbles B1 and B2 overlap when viewed from the observation point S of the imaging device 8, as shown in FIG. In addition, since the plurality of bubbles B1 and B2 can be clearly identified by the image captured by the imaging device 8, the number of bubbles can be accurately counted.
例えば、図４に示されるように、発生したバブルの個数は、観測用セル５内でのバブル水の流動が安定した時点での静止画像内（すなわち、縦横の視野寸法Ｈ・Ｗ×焦点深度Ｄ内）において、形状が明瞭な（すなわち焦点深度Ｄ内の）バブルを目視カウントすることで観測する。焦点深度Ｄの前後に外れた領域のバブルは焦点が合わないため自動的にカウント対象から外される。 For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the number of generated bubbles is determined in the still image at the time when the flow of bubble water in the observation cell 5 is stabilized (that is, the vertical and horizontal visual field dimensions H · W × depth of focus). In D), a bubble with a clear shape (that is, in the depth of focus D) is observed by visual counting. Bubbles in the area deviated before and after the focal depth D are automatically out of focus because they are out of focus.
また、図５および図６に示された出力画像の例で示すように、対物レンズ8aの倍率を変えることで、観測領域および観測バブルの画像の大きさが変わり、倍率を大きくした場合はナノバブルの観測も可能となるまで観測精度が向上するとともに、明瞭にバブルの形状、大きさ等が表示される。 Further, as shown in the examples of output images shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, by changing the magnification of the objective lens 8a, the size of the image of the observation region and the observation bubble is changed. The observation accuracy is improved until the observation becomes possible, and the shape and size of the bubble are clearly displayed.
図５は、導入通路４の開閉バルブ4Vを閉じてから観測用セル５内でのバブル水が安定した対流状態となった時点（０秒）におけるマイクロバブルの状態と、この時点（０秒）から約１００秒後のマイクロバブルの状態とをスケールとともに表示した例である。図６は、観測用セル５の壁面に付着したナノバブルを示す。 FIG. 5 shows the state of microbubbles at the time (0 seconds) when the bubble water in the observation cell 5 is in a stable convection state after closing the open / close valve 4V of the introduction passage 4 and at this time (0 seconds). It is the example which displayed the state of the micro bubble about 100 seconds after with a scale. FIG. 6 shows nanobubbles attached to the wall surface of the observation cell 5.
このように、捉えた画像から、微細異物とバブルとを容易に判別できると共に、バブルの直径および個数を観測できる。 In this way, it is possible to easily discriminate fine foreign objects and bubbles from the captured image, and to observe the diameter and number of bubbles.
図７乃至図９に示されるように、対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを介して高速度デジタルカメラ8cにより画像を捉える撮像装置８で短時間のうちに多数の画像データを収集できることから、水中でのバブルの移動や凝集および合体などの、短時間のうちに行なわれる経時的変化の様子すなわち挙動の観測が可能である。図７中に撮像装置８の観察点を示す。 As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, since a large number of image data can be collected in a short time by the imaging device 8 that captures an image with the high-speed digital camera 8c via the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b, It is possible to observe the state of change over time, that is, the behavior, such as the movement, aggregation and coalescence of bubbles. FIG. 7 shows observation points of the imaging device 8.
例えば、図７は、導入通路４の開閉バルブ4Vを閉じてから観測用セル５内でのバブル水が安定した対流状態となった時点（０秒）における観測用セル５内の状態と、この時点（０秒）から約７０秒後の観測用セル５内のバブル上昇状態と、約１２０秒後の観測用セル５内のバブル静止状態とを示す。 For example, FIG. 7 shows the state in the observation cell 5 at the time (0 seconds) when the bubble water in the observation cell 5 becomes a stable convection state after the opening / closing valve 4V of the introduction passage 4 is closed. The bubble rising state in the observation cell 5 after about 70 seconds from the time (0 seconds) and the bubble stationary state in the observation cell 5 after about 120 seconds are shown.
また、図８は、観測用セル５内でのバブル水が安定した対流状態となった時点（０秒）、この時点（０秒）から４０秒後、８０秒後、１２０秒後の画像からそれぞれカウントしたマイクロバブルのバブル径の分布と個数（頻度）との関係を示すグラフである。 Further, FIG. 8 shows the time when the bubble water in the observation cell 5 is in a stable convection state (0 seconds), 40 seconds after this time point (0 seconds), 80 seconds later, and 120 seconds later. It is a graph which shows the relationship between bubble diameter distribution and the number (frequency) of each counted microbubble.
さらに、図９は、観測用セル５内でのバブル水が安定した対流状態となった時点（０秒）、この時点（０秒）から２０秒後、４０秒後、６０秒後、８０秒後、１００秒後の画像からそれぞれカウントしたマイクロバブルのバブル密度（１リットル当りに換算した個数）の変化を示すグラフである。 Further, FIG. 9 shows the time (0 seconds) when the bubble water in the observation cell 5 is in a stable convection state, 20 seconds, 40 seconds, 60 seconds, and 80 seconds after this point (0 seconds). Then, it is a graph which shows the change of the bubble density (the number converted per liter) of the microbubble each counted from the image after 100 seconds.
次に、本観測方法および装置から得られる効果を説明する。 Next, effects obtained from this observation method and apparatus will be described.
(1) バブル発生装置を構成するバブル発生源１およびバブル発生ノズル３より水槽２内で発生したバブルを含んだバブル水の一部を、水槽２に対してバイパス配管されるとともに高速度デジタルカメラ8cなどの撮像装置８および照明光学系９が準備された透明の観測用セル５内に、水槽２内と同様の水圧などの環境下で導入し、この観測用セル５内を撮像装置８で撮像して観測用セル５内の水中にあるバブルの形状を目視観測可能な画像として捉え、その形状からバブル径の大きさを正確に観測できるとともに、画像内すなわち一定体積内のバブルの個数および挙動を時間に応じて正確に観測できる。 (1) A part of bubble water containing bubbles generated in the water tank 2 from the bubble generating source 1 and the bubble generating nozzle 3 constituting the bubble generating device is bypassed to the water tank 2 and a high-speed digital camera. The imaging device 8 such as 8c and the illumination optical system 9 are introduced into a transparent observation cell 5 under an environment such as water pressure similar to that in the water tank 2, and the inside of the observation cell 5 is captured by the imaging device 8. The shape of the bubble in the observation cell 5 is picked up as an image that can be visually observed, and the bubble diameter can be accurately observed from the shape, and the number of bubbles in the image, that is, in a certain volume, and The behavior can be observed accurately according to time.
すなわち、光散乱方式のようにバブルからの散乱光の強度や分布等によって観測するのではなく、バブル水槽２内で発生したバブルの挙動を、観測用セル５内に取り出した実際のバブルの目視観測可能な画像で捉えて、その画像からそのバブル径の分布や個数および挙動を観測するので、光散乱方式のように標準粒子等によってバブル径の校正をする必要が無く、バブルが発生した直後からのバブル径の分布や個数および挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 That is, instead of observing according to the intensity or distribution of scattered light from the bubble as in the light scattering method, the behavior of the bubble generated in the bubble tank 2 is visually observed in the observation cell 5. Immediately after a bubble is generated, it is not necessary to calibrate the bubble diameter with standard particles as in the light scattering method. It is possible to accurately observe the distribution, number and behavior of bubble diameters from
(2) 高速度デジタルカメラ8cなどの撮像装置８で捉えたバブルの静止画像から、形状や光の反射などでバブルと判断して、そのバブル径の分布や個数を観測するので、形状や光の反射などから水中に混在する微細異物とバブルとの判別が容易であり、バブルのみを正確に観測することができる。 (2) From the still image of the bubble captured by the imaging device 8 such as the high-speed digital camera 8c, it is determined as a bubble by the shape and reflection of light, and the distribution and number of the bubble diameters are observed. It is easy to discriminate between fine foreign matter and bubbles mixed in water from the reflection of water, and only bubbles can be observed accurately.
(3) 画像の視野内では形状の判別が可能であるので、複数個のバブルが重畳する場合であっても判別してカウントすることができ、画像の視野内に多量のバブルが存在しても観測が可能である。したがって、高濃度のバブルの観測が可能である。 (3) Since the shape can be discriminated within the field of view of the image, even when multiple bubbles overlap, it can be discriminated and counted, and there are many bubbles in the field of view of the image. Is also observable. Therefore, high concentration bubbles can be observed.
(4) 対物レンズ8aおよび鏡筒8bを介して高速度デジタルカメラ8cで画像を捉える撮像装置８の観測領域Ａは、光学系の倍率で異なるが、倍率が明確ならば縦横の視野寸法と焦点深度Ｄとの積により観測体積を算出でき、単位体積当たりのバブルの個数が換算可能であるから、観測用セル５内にあるバブルのバブル密度を正確に算出できる。 (4) The observation area A of the image pickup apparatus 8 that captures an image with the high-speed digital camera 8c via the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b differs depending on the magnification of the optical system. Since the observation volume can be calculated by the product with the depth D and the number of bubbles per unit volume can be converted, the bubble density of the bubbles in the observation cell 5 can be accurately calculated.
(5) 水槽２に、導入通路４、観測用セル５および戻し通路6aなどのバイパス配管系を設けて、バブル発生ノズル３から水槽２内に発生したバブルを含んだバブル水の一部をサンプルとしてこのバイパス配管系に取り出して、抵抗が少ない状態で充分な流量を観測用セル５に導くことによって、バブルの発生した直後の、バブル径等が変化する前の状態を観測できる。 (5) A bypass piping system such as an introduction passage 4, an observation cell 5 and a return passage 6a is provided in the water tank 2, and a part of bubble water containing bubbles generated in the water tank 2 from the bubble generating nozzle 3 is sampled. As described above, by taking out a sufficient flow rate to the observation cell 5 in a state where resistance is low, it is possible to observe the state immediately after the bubble is generated and before the bubble diameter is changed.
特に、バブルは、周囲の水の圧力などが変化すると径が変化したり比較的径の大きなマイクロバブルは浮上して消滅しやすいが、観測用セル５の上部に取り付けたセル上部槽６は、水槽２内の水面の高さと観測用セル５上の水面の高さとが同じになるようにして、水槽２内から観測用セル５内に流入した水に圧力変化(加圧、減圧)を与えずに水を水槽２に返す役割を有するので、すなわち観測用セル５内が水槽２内の一部となり同一水深で同一水圧となるように水圧条件を同一にすることができるので、水槽２内と同様の水圧環境の下で観測用セル５内バブルのバブル径や個数および挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 In particular, the bubble changes its diameter when the pressure of the surrounding water changes or the like, and a relatively large diameter microbubble tends to rise and disappear, but the cell upper tank 6 attached to the upper part of the observation cell 5 A pressure change (pressurization, depressurization) is applied to water flowing into the observation cell 5 from the water tank 2 so that the water level in the water tank 2 is the same as the height of the water surface on the observation cell 5. The water pressure condition can be made the same so that the observation cell 5 becomes a part of the water tank 2 and has the same water pressure at the same water depth. It is possible to accurately observe the bubble diameter, number and behavior of bubbles in the observation cell 5 under the same water pressure environment.
また、バイパス配管系の観測用セル５内でのバブルの挙動から、水槽２内でのバブルの挙動を推測でき、バブルの効果的利用方法の検討に役立つ。 Moreover, the behavior of the bubble in the water tank 2 can be estimated from the behavior of the bubble in the observation cell 5 of the bypass piping system, which is useful for studying an effective use method of the bubble.
(6) 観測用セル５内に、充分に発生したバブルが満たされたならば、導入通路４の開閉バルブ4Vを閉じ、バブル水の流入を停止することで、観測用セル５内でのバブル水の流動が落ち着いて安定した状態となった時点（バブル緩速移動または静止時点）から観測用セル５内の観測を開始することにより、水の流れの少ない自然の対流状態または水の流れの影響を受けない状態でバブルの水中での経時変化等の挙動を画像で正確に観測できる。 (6) When the bubble generated in the observation cell 5 is sufficiently filled, the bubble in the observation cell 5 is stopped by closing the opening / closing valve 4V of the introduction passage 4 and stopping the inflow of bubble water. By starting the observation in the observation cell 5 from the time when the water flow has settled and become stable (when the bubble moves slowly or stops), the natural convection state with little water flow or the water flow It is possible to accurately observe the behavior of bubbles in water, such as changes over time, without being affected.
また、水の流れの影響を受けない状態で、観測用セル５内のバブルに電界や超音波等の外的要因を加えた場合のバブルの挙動も観測可能であり、超音波によるキャビテーションやゼータ電位等の測定も容易になる。 In addition, it is possible to observe the behavior of bubbles when an external factor such as an electric field or ultrasonic waves is applied to the bubbles in the observation cell 5 without being affected by the flow of water. Measurement of potential and the like is also facilitated.
(7) さらに、観測用セル５に対向する対物レンズ8aと鏡筒8bを有する光学系に接続された高速度デジタルカメラ8cで短時間のうちに多数の画像データを収集できることから、水中でのバブルの移動や凝集および合体などの、短時間のうちに行なわれる経時的変化の様子すなわち挙動も観測が可能である。特に、時間が経過するにつれて収縮して径が縮小すると言われているバブル径や個数および挙動を、発生直後から時間の経過に伴って観測することができる。 (7) Furthermore, since a high-speed digital camera 8c connected to the optical system having the objective lens 8a and the lens barrel 8b facing the observation cell 5 can collect a lot of image data in a short time, It is also possible to observe the state of change over time, that is, the behavior, such as bubble movement, aggregation, and coalescence. In particular, the bubble diameter, number and behavior, which are said to shrink and shrink in size as time passes, can be observed as time passes from immediately after their occurrence.
(8) これらの観測により、バブル発生装置（バブル発生源１またはバブル発生ノズル３）の性能も正しく確認できるとともに、バブル径や個数および挙動を解析して、より良いバブル発生装置の開発技術の構築に寄与できる。 (8) Through these observations, the performance of the bubble generation device (bubble generation source 1 or bubble generation nozzle 3) can be confirmed correctly, and the bubble diameter, number and behavior can be analyzed to develop better bubble generation device development technology. Can contribute to construction.
本発明のバブル観測方法は、バブルの発生状況や挙動などの観測報告業務に携わる者にとって産業上利用可能であり、本発明のバブル観測装置は、その装置を製造販売する者にとって産業上利用可能である。 The bubble observation method of the present invention can be industrially used by those who are involved in observation reporting work such as bubble occurrence status and behavior, and the bubble observation device of the present invention can be industrially used by those who manufacture and sell the device. It is.
１、３ バブル発生装置としてのバブル発生源、バブル発生ノズル
２ 水槽
4V 開閉バルブ
５ 観測用セル
６ セル上部槽
８ 撮像装置
8a 対物レンズ
8b 鏡筒
8c 高速度デジタルカメラ
９ 照明光学系
10 パーソナルコンピュータ
1, 3 Bubble generation source, bubble generation nozzle as bubble generator 2 Water tank
4V open / close valve 5 Observation cell 6 Cell upper tank 8 Imaging device
8a Objective lens
8b tube
8c High-speed digital camera 9 Illumination optics
10 Personal computer
Claims (8)
この観測用セル内を撮像装置で撮像して観測用セル内の水中にあるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を画像として捉え、
このマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の挙動を画像で観測する
ことを特徴とするバブル観測方法。 A part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in the water tank is introduced into a transparent observation cell bypassed to the water tank,
Capture the inside of this observation cell with an imaging device and capture at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in the water in the observation cell as an image,
A bubble observation method characterized by observing the behavior of at least one of the microbubbles and nanobubbles with an image.
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載のバブル観測方法。 The bubble observation method according to claim 1, wherein the bubble diameter distribution and the number of bubbles are observed from at least one still image of microbubbles and nanobubbles captured by an imaging device.
観測用セル内でのバブル水の流動が安定した時点から観測用セル内の観測を開始する
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載のバブル観測方法。 When bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles is introduced into the observation cell, the flow of bubble water into the observation cell is stopped,
The bubble observation method according to claim 1, wherein the observation in the observation cell is started from the time when the flow of bubble water in the observation cell is stabilized.
撮像装置の観測領域におけるマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の静止画像からバブル個数を観測し、
観測体積とバブル個数とから単位体積当たりのマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方の個数を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項１乃至３いずれか記載のバブル観測方法。 Calculate the observation volume by the product of the vertical and horizontal visual field dimensions and the focal depth of the imaging device as the observation area of the imaging device,
Observe the number of bubbles from the still image of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles in the observation area of the imaging device,
The bubble observation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles per unit volume is calculated from the observation volume and the number of bubbles.
この観測用セルに対して設けられた照明光学系と、
この照明光学系により照射された観測用セル内を撮像する撮像装置と、
この撮像装置で捉えた画像に関するデジタルデータを画像処理しマイクロバブルおよびナノバブルの少なくとも一方を画像データとして出力するパーソナルコンピュータと
を具備したことを特徴とするバブル観測装置。 A transparent observation cell provided in a bypass piping system that takes out a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in the water tank by the bubble generator, and returns to the water tank,
An illumination optical system provided for the observation cell;
An imaging device for imaging the inside of the observation cell irradiated by the illumination optical system;
A bubble observation apparatus comprising: a personal computer that performs image processing on digital data related to an image captured by the imaging apparatus and outputs at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles as image data.
ことを特徴とする請求項５記載のバブル観測装置。 6. The bubble observing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the imaging apparatus includes a high-speed digital camera connected to an optical system having an objective lens and a lens barrel facing the observation cell.
を具備したことを特徴とする請求項５または６記載のバブル観測装置。 6. An open / close valve provided in a bypass piping system at a location where a part of bubble water containing at least one of microbubbles and nanobubbles generated in a water tank is introduced into an observation cell. 6. The bubble observation apparatus according to 6.
を具備したことを特徴とする請求項５乃至７いずれか記載のバブル観測装置。 It is equipped with a cell upper tank that is attached to the upper part of the observation cell and returns the water that has flowed into the observation cell from the water tank to the water tank so that the water level is the same as the water level in the water tank. The bubble observation apparatus according to claim 5.
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