JP2011229250A - High output volume ratio power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high output volume ratio power generator.SOLUTION: In a high output volume ratio power generator, a plurality of silicon steel plates and voids or plastic plates are installed while being separated to each other so as to configure a magnetic path specified by a stator, a needle or a rotor of the power generator and each clearance (that is a thickness or width of the silicon steel plate, the void or the plastic plate) is provided extremely small. Therefore, when the needle or the rotor is moved for one clearance, a magnetic flux amount or direction of the magnetic path of an induction coil wound around the stator can be changed primarily and a relatively high voltage can be induced in the induction coil by the speedy change, thereby increasing an output volume ratio of the power generator remarkably.

Description

  The present invention relates to a kind of high-output volume ratio generator, and in particular, a kind of speed, the amount of magnetic flux in a magnetic path and its direction can be changed, and a relatively high voltage is applied to an induction coil on a stationary magnetic path (ie, stator stator). Therefore, compared to traditional generators of the same volume, the output speed can be greatly increased with the same moving speed or rotational speed of the movable magnetic path, that is, the mover or the rotor. It relates to a high power volume ratio generator that can be increased.

  The principle of the generator is derived from a kind of natural phenomenon, that is, an induced voltage is generated by moving a conductor in a magnetic field. The formula is E = NBιV, where E is voltage, B is flux density, ι is conductor length, V is speed, and N is the number of coil turns. Another principle is that the induced voltage is generated in a magnetic field with a fixed and immovable conductor changing, the formula obtained from the above formula by operation: E = NBιV = NBιS / t = NBA / T = Nψ / t = Ndψ / dt, where S is the distance, t is the time, A is the magnetic path area, and ψ is the magnetic flux (flux). dψ / dt is the amount of change in magnetic flux per unit time.

  Any of the above-described conductor movement or magnetic flux change is generated by the power of the prime mover, and it can be seen from the formula that the voltage is inversely proportional to time and directly proportional to N and BA. B of the silicon steel plate can saturate, usually only 1 to 2 Tesla does not increase any more, the area A is related to the volume of the generator, and as A increases, the volume also increases. Moreover, even if the number of coil turns increases, the volume increases.

The output P = E ² / R _L generated by the generator, of which R _L is the resistance of the load and must be much larger than the internal resistance of the coil, ie it increases in direct proportion to it and the internal The resistance and the number of turns of the coil are directly proportional to each other. Therefore, even if the number of turns is large and the voltage is high, R _L is also increased. For this reason, with the same generator volume, in order to increase the output, that is, to increase the output volume ratio, the magnetic flux is rapidly changed only by shortening the time t of the changing magnetic flux. It is done. It has been over a century since the generator was invented, and its theory and technology were already mature half a century ago, that is, no major improvements have been made since 50 years. The traditional linear generator is as shown in FIG. 1, the rotary generator is as shown in FIG. 7, and there is a limit to the time t of the changing magnetic flux. Will be described in detail.

  By improving the output volume ratio of the generator, the cost can be reduced, and is particularly important for a low-speed prime mover such as a large wind turbine and a wave power turbine. At present, when a direct drive generator is used for a large wind turbine, the volume is huge and the price is high, and the t time and the rotational speed are in inverse proportion. By increasing the power, it is made to correspond to the power generation of the synchronous generator or the induction generator. However, gearboxes are heavy and expensive, which is one of the main reasons why the cost of wind power cannot be competed with traditional generators. Wave power generation also lacks efficient linear generators and has hardly reached commercial operation. Further, a still engine suitable for solar thermal power generation is not practical because the volume of the linear generator is excessive.

  High-power volume ratio generators are required in various fields, for example, the electrical equipment mounted on automobiles is increasing more and more, and all hybrid cars require increased output of the generator. The volume of the automobile is finite, and it is more important to increase the output volume ratio of the generator.

  The main object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high output volume ratio generator, which can be used for the output power per unit volume as compared with a traditional generator under the same moving speed or rotational speed of the prime mover. It is to be able to increase.

  The aforementioned high output volume ratio generator is in a magnetic path defined by the stator and the mover or rotor, and is separated by a plurality of silicon steel plates and gaps or plastic plates, so that the distance between the mover and the rotor is between. (Ie, the thickness or width of the silicon steel plate or gap or plastic plate), the silicon steel plate of the stator and the mover or rotor are mutually aligned or unaligned. Large and the amount of magnetic flux is small when the alignment is canceled. When the amount of magnetic flux changes according to the formula E = Ndψ / dt, a voltage is induced in the coil on the stator, and electric power is output. The thickness or width of each silicon steel plate or gap or plastic plate is uniform, its size is very small, dt is the time for the mover or rotor to move the distance during this time, so dt is very As a result, the induced voltage E increases and the output P increases significantly.

  In the high power volume ratio generator described above, when two magnetic field lines are merged, the magnetic flux passes through the induction coil all at once, and when one set of magnetic flux increases, the other set decreases, that is, The magnetic path on the stator coil not only changes the magnetic flux, but also changes in the forward and reverse directions. Each time the mover or rotor moves one distance, the magnetic path The magnetic flux changes direction from positive to reverse and from reverse to positive.

  The high power volume ratio generator described above may be a linear generator or a rotary generator, and may be single phase or three phase.

  The above-mentioned high output volume ratio generator has a magnetic path whose magnetic flux is excited using a permanent magnet or external excitation or self-excitation, or is combined with a permanent magnet and self-excitation, or Excited by combining self-excitation and external excitation. Among them, the permanent magnet is fitted in a silicon steel plate, and external excitation generates magnetic flux by passing an external DC power source through the excitation coil. In self-excitation, after remanent power generation of a silicon steel plate, electric power that has been rectified and converted into direct current is passed through an exciting coil to generate magnetic flux. The merger of the permanent magnet and self-excitation first generates a larger magnetic flux by self-excitation after the magnetic flux generation of the permanent magnet. Combined excitation with external excitation and self-excitation requires excitation power generation with an external DC power supply, then generates a larger magnetic flux by self-excitation, and the two circuits must each add one diode to prevent mutual short circuit. .

  In the high power volume ratio generator described above, silicon steel plates can be replaced with other highly magnetically conductive materials, and plastic plates can be replaced with other low magnetically conductive materials. A silicon steel plate is formed by stacking a plurality of thin plates to reduce eddy current loss.

  The high power volume ratio generator described above has no coils, conductors or permanent magnets on the mover or rotor, and existing synchronous generators, induction generators and DC generators all have coils or conductors on the rotor. It is different from a permanent magnet attached. Therefore, its manufacture is easy and robust, the output volume ratio can be increased, the material can be saved, and the cost can be reduced compared with the traditional generator.

  The present invention provides a kind of generator, which greatly increases the output per unit volume compared to traditional generators under the same prime mover speed or rotational speed. The present invention is a practical design and a novel invention.

1 is a structural diagram of a known linear mobile generator. It is a three-dimensional view of the square linear mobile generator of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 2. It is a front view after moving the mover of Drawing 3A one distance. It is a figure explaining the change of magnetic flux amount. It is the Example figure which replaced | exchanged the plastic plate of the needle | mover of this invention for the packing sheet | seat or the packing ring. It is the Example figure which made the stator and rotor of FIG. 2 circular shape. 1 is a structural diagram of a known rotary generator. It is the front view applied to the rotary generator of this invention. It is a front view after rotating the rotor of FIG. 8A one distance. It is the front view which wound the coil of Drawing 8B in the space. It is a side view of the Example of the three-phase rotary generator of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional linear mobile generator. As shown in the figure, the stator 10 is composed of a silicon steel plate of a transformer, the exciter 11 includes a DC power source and a coil, and the stator 10 has a magnetic flux (φ ) Or a permanent magnet can be used in the stator 10 to similarly generate a magnetic flux (φ) in the stator 10. The movable movable element 12 reciprocates perpendicularly to the direction of the stator 10, and when it reciprocates as indicated by the arrow, the stator 10 generates a gap 13 and the magnetic flux is interrupted. As a result, a change occurs in the magnetic flux (φ) of the stator 10. According to the above formula, the induction coil 14 induces the voltage E and generates an output of electric energy P in the load 15 (R _L ), which can be made a pure resistance, so that an inductive load (transformer) Or any other type of load such as a capacitor or a motor.

  Please refer to FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B together. These are a three-dimensional view, a front view, and a front view in which the mover moves one distance, used in the rectangular linear mobile generator of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the stator 20 includes two sets of stator silicon steel plates 21a and 21b. As described above, each set of silicon steel plates is formed by stacking a plurality of the same thin silicon steel plates. In FIG. 3A, the stator silicon steel plate 21a is a front view of the first and third sets of silicon steel plates, and in FIG. 3B, the stator silicon steel plate 21b is a front view of the second and fourth sets of silicon steel plates. It is said. Comparing these two figures, the difference is that the protruding part of the stator silicon steel plate 21a is up and down, and the protruding part of the stator silicon steel plate 21b is left and right. The sub-silicon steel plate 21a and the stator silicon steel plate 21b are completely the same, and the phase difference is only 90 degrees when placed as shown in FIG. With such an arrangement, the stator 20 forms gaps 22a and 22b (that is, striped portions), of which the induction coil 26 and the load 27 are included, and the capacitor 28 is used to compensate the inductance resistance of the induction coil 26. Used, thereby improving the power factor. And including the axis 29, the arrow indicates that the direction of motion 30 is a linear reciprocating motion.

  See FIG. 3A. Among them, an excitation coil 32 is added to the permanent magnet 31 and connected to the self-excitation circuit 33, but only self-excitation may be used. In FIG. 3B, an external excitation power supply 34 is added to the self-excitation circuit 33, but only self-excitation may be used. Self-excitation is connected to a DC power supply after rectification at the load end, and diodes 35 and 36 are for preventing mutual short-circuit between the self-excitation and the external excitation power supply.

  Please refer to FIG. The mover 23 is composed of a plurality of mover silicon steel plates 24 and plastic plates 25 (that is, striped portions), and the thickness of the mover silicon steel plate 24 is the same as that of the stator silicon steel plates 21a and 21b. The protruding portion of the stator silicon steel plate 21 a is aligned with the mover silicon steel plate 24, and the protruding portion of the stator silicon steel plate 21 b is aligned with the plastic plate 25. Thereby, the magnetic flux of the stator silicon steel plate 21a shown in FIG. 3A is large, and the magnetic flux of the stator silicon steel plate 21b is small. Therefore, the magnetic flux directions 37a, 38a (lines of magnetic force) are as shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 3A. . As can be seen from this figure, the directions of the two lines of magnetic force are opposite to each other, of which the magnetic flux direction 37a is clockwise and the magnetic flux direction 38a is counterclockwise.

  When the mover 23 moves a distance between one stator silicon steel plate 21a or the mover silicon steel plate 24, that is, as shown in FIG. 3b, the stator silicon steel plate 21b and the mover silicon steel plate 24 are aligned and fixed. The child silicon steel plate 21a and the mover silicon steel plate 24 are separated from each other. At this time, the magnetic flux of the stator silicon steel plate 21b is large, and the magnetic flux of the stator silicon steel plate 21a is small. As a result, the magnetic flux direction is the magnetic flux direction 37b of FIG. , 38b, and these two magnetic field lines are opposite to each other (opposite directions). As can be seen by comparing the magnetic flux directions 37a, 38a of FIG. 3A and the magnetic flux directions 37b, 38b of FIG. 3B, the magnetic flux directions in the induction coil 26 are opposite to each other, i.e., a change occurs in the magnetic flux. An induction coil 26 induces voltage and outputs electrical energy through a load 27.

  Although only four stator silicon steel sheet sets are shown in FIG. 2, the distance (that is, the thickness of the stator silicon steel sheets 21a and 21b, the movable silicon steel sheet 24, or the plastic plate 25) is very small. Therefore, the stator 20 can include a great number of silicon steel sheet sets. Assuming that the distance is 0.3 cm and the distance that the mover 23 moves every time is 3 cm, the amount of magnetic flux changes 10 times each time it moves, but in a conventional linear generator, as shown in FIG. Thus, the present invention can generate 10 times the induced voltage and 100 times the output power compared to traditional linear generators. Therefore, the output volume ratio can be increased by a factor of 100.

  To clearly illustrate the change in magnetic flux in the induction coil 26, see the rectangular coordinates of FIG. Among them, the vertical axis represents the magnetic flux amount (φ), the horizontal axis represents time t, φa represents the curve of the magnetic flux direction 37a (magnetic flux amount) in FIG. 3A, and φb represents the magnetic flux direction 38b ( Is representative of the curve of the magnetic flux), φc is a curve in the true magnetic flux direction after adding both, and when the mover 23 is at the position of FIG. 3A, the time is t0 or t4, the position of FIG. 3B , The time is t2, and from this figure, the directions of φa and φb are opposite to each other, so φc is + φ at t0 and t4, and is 0 at t1 and t3, and at t2 Therefore, it changes from + φ to -φ, and further changes from -φ to + φ. That is, not only the amount of magnetic flux changes but also the direction thereof changes.

  Please refer to FIG. 5 together with FIG. Among them, the plastic plate 25 can be replaced with a packing sheet 39 or a packing ring. The packing sheet 39 can be square or circular, and the thickness thereof is almost the same as that of the mover silicon steel plate 24, but the width is small. It can be a silicon steel plate or any insulating hard material and is connected in series with a shaft 29 to generate a gap 25a. Although depicted very broadly for purposes of illustration in the drawings, in practice the thickness of the packing sheet 39 is as wide as the plastic plate 25, thereby saving material and weight.

  The stator and rotor of this square linear generator can be of various shapes, for example circular, and the front is as shown in FIG. Among them, the stator silicon steel plates 21c and 21d and the mover silicon steel plate 24a correspond to the stator silicon steel plates 21a and 21b and the mover silicon steel plate 24 in FIG. 2, respectively, but the shape has been changed to a circle, The plastic plate is also round.

  FIG. 7 is a conventional rotary generator, which includes a stator 40, a rotor 41 and a magnetic pole 42. An excitation coil 43 is wound around the magnetic pole 42 and connected to the excitation power supply 44. When the rotor 41 rotates, the induction coil 45 wound around the rotor 41 cuts the lines of magnetic force and generates an induced voltage output.

When the generator rotates once, the magnetic flux changes twice, and if it has four poles, the magnetic flux changes four times. As the number of poles increases, the magnetic flux changes faster, the induced voltage increases, and the output increases.
However, from FIG. 7, an exciting coil 43 is wound around the magnetic pole 42, so that the number of poles cannot be increased too much, and if there are too many magnetic poles, the width of the magnetic pole becomes narrow and the amount of magnetic flux decreases. All traditional generators cannot increase their output volume ratio.

  FIG. 8A shows a front view of the rotary generator of the present invention. Among them, the generator stator 52 includes eight stages such as stator magnetic paths 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D, 52E, 52F, 52G, and 52H, and the outer side of the rotor 51 includes silicon steel plates 53b and gaps 54b alternately. The width is almost the same. Of the four stages, such as the stator magnetic paths 52A, 52B, 52C, and 52D, the silicon steel plates 53a and the gaps 54a are alternately arranged on the sides, and the widths are substantially the same. Excitation coils 55A and 55B are wound around 52E and 52F, and an external excitation power source 57, a magnet, or a self-excitation circuit 58 is excited in combination. Or it is self-excited. The function of the diodes 62 and 63 is to prevent a short circuit between the external excitation and the self-excitation power source. Inductor coils 56A and 56B are wound around the stator magnetic paths 52G and 52H, and a load 59 is connected thereto.

  The silicon steel plates of the stator magnetic paths 52A and 52B are separated from the silicon steel plate of the rotor 51, and the silicon steel plates and the rotor silicon steel plates of the stator magnetic paths 52C and 52D are aligned. As a result, the magnetic field lines of the exciting coil 55A reach from the N pole through the stator magnetic path 52D to the rotor, and further from the stator magnetic path 52C through the coil 56B on the stator magnetic path 52H to the S pole. In the magnetic flux direction 60b (indicated by a dotted arrow), the magnetic field lines of the exciting coil 55B pass from the N pole through the coil 56A and the stator magnetic path 52D on the stator magnetic path 52G to the rotor, and further to the stator magnetic path. From 52C to the S pole, the direction of the magnetic force lines of the magnetic flux directions 60a and 60b are opposite. When the rotor 51 rotates the distance of the width of one silicon steel plate 53b, as shown in FIG. 8B, the silicon steel plate of the stator magnetic paths 52A and 52B and the silicon steel plate of the rotor 51 are aligned, and the stator magnet The silicon steel plates of the paths 52C and 52D and the rotor 51 are separated from each other, so that the magnetic lines of force of the exciting coil 55A reach the south pole through the coils 56A and the stator magnetic paths 52B and 52A, and the magnetic flux direction 60a (dotted arrow) The direction is opposite to the previous figure, and the magnetic field lines of the exciting coil 55B pass through the stator magnetic paths 52B and 52A, the coil 56B and the stator magnetic path 52C to the S pole, and the magnetic flux direction 60b (the direction of the dotted arrow) is all. The opposite of the figure. As a result, a change occurs in the amount and direction of the magnetic flux in the coils 56 </ b> A and 56 </ b> B, thereby inducing a voltage and outputting electric energy through the load 59. The capacitor 61 increases the output factor, and reference numeral 50 is a rotation axis.

  If the width of the silicon steel plate 53a or 53b is very small and is 0.3 cm, and the diameter of the rotor 51 is 10 cm, that is, it has a distance of about 100 (50 silicon steel plates 53b and 50 pieces). When the air gap 54b), that is, the rotor 51 rotates once, its magnetic flux changes 100 times, and with the same number of coil turns, the induced voltage is 10 from the traditional generator (assuming 10 poles) in FIG. The output volume ratio is about 100 times larger.

  The induction coils 56A and 56B can also be wound in the gap, and FIG. 9 shows the state wound in the gap 64, which can increase the number of coil turns and further increase the output volume ratio.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which the generator of the present invention is a multiphase type, which is configured by connecting three stators 71A, 71B, 71C of FIG. 8A in series and sharing one rotor 72. It is a set of three-phase generator. The method is as shown in the lower part of FIG. 10, in which the silicon steel plate 73a is a silicon steel plate of one magnetic path of the stator 71A, and the silicon steel plate 73b is a silicon steel plate of one magnetic path of the stator 71B. The silicon steel plate 73c is a silicon steel plate having one magnetic path of the stator 71C. 74a, 74b, and 74c are air gaps, the silicon steel plate 75 is the silicon steel plate of the rotor 72, and 76 is the air gap. When the silicon steel plate 73a of the first stator 71A and the silicon steel plate 75 are aligned, the silicon steel plate 73b of the second stator 71B is only 1/3 aligned with the silicon steel plate 75, that is, 120 ° behind. In addition, the silicon steel plate 73c of the third stator 71C cannot be aligned with the silicon steel plate 73c unless the distance of ３ is advanced, that is, 240 ° behind. These three sets of generators output simultaneously, and their coils are connected to Y or a triangle to form a three-phase power output. A three-phase linear generator can be configured in the same manner.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Stator 11 Exciter 12 Movable element 13 Space | gap 14 Induction coil 15 Load 20 Stator 21a, 21b Stator silicon steel plate 21c, 21d Stator silicon steel plate 22a, 22b Air gap 23 Movable element 24 Movable silicon steel sheet 24a Movable silicon steel sheet 25 Plastic plate 25a Air gap 26 Inductive coil 27 Load 28 Capacitor 29 Axis 30 Movement direction 31 Permanent magnet 32 Excitation coil 33 Self-excitation circuit 34 External excitation power supply 35, 36 Diodes 37a, 37b Magnetic flux direction (lines of magnetic force)
38a, 38b Magnetic flux direction (lines of magnetic force)
39 Packing sheet 40 Stator 41 Rotor 42 Magnetic pole 43 Excitation coil 44 Excitation power supply 45 Induction coil 50 Rotating shaft 51 Rotor 52 Stator 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D, 52E, 52F, 52G, 52H Stator magnetic path 53a, 53b Silicon steel plates 54a, 54b Gap 55A, 55B Excitation coil 56A, 56B Coil 57 External excitation power supply 58 Self-excitation circuit 59 Load 60a, 60b Magnetic flux direction (lines of magnetic force)
61 Capacitor 62, 63 Diode 64 Air gap 71A, 71B, 71C Stator 72 Rotor 73a, 73b, 73c Silicon steel plates 74a, 74b, 74c Air gap 75 Silicon steel plate 76 Air gap

Claims (5)

  In a high output volume ratio generator, a plurality of silicon steel plates and gaps or plastic plates divide a magnetic path in which a stator and a mover or a rotor constituting a linear moving generator or a rotary generator form a magnetic field, When the distance, ie, the thickness or width of the silicon steel plate, the gap or the plastic plate is very small, and the mover or the rotor moves one distance, the magnetic flux amount and direction of the magnetic path of the induction coil wound around the stator A high output volume ratio generator characterized by significantly changing the output volume ratio of the generator by making the induction coil sensitive to a high voltage so as to change rapidly.   2. The high output volume ratio generator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux is supplied by a permanent magnet attached to the stator.   2. The high output volume ratio generator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux is supplied by an external excitation power source or self-excitation, or is supplied in combination with the external excitation power source, and the excitation coil is attached to the stator. A high output volume ratio generator characterized by that.   2. The high output volume ratio generator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux is supplied in combination with a permanent magnet and self-excitation, and the permanent magnet and the excitation coil are attached to a stator. Machine.   The high power volume ratio generator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic path is a combination of two lines of magnetic force in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction, each having one exciter and an induction coil, When the silicon steel plate of the stator of one magnetic path and the silicon steel plate of the rotor are aligned, the other magnetic path is dissociated, greatly changing the amount of magnetic flux in the aligned state, and changing the amount of magnetic flux in the dissociated state small. A high output volume ratio generator characterized in that both are added to the magnetic path on the induction coil to generate a change in the amount and direction of magnetic flux.

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