JP2011220015A - Excavation system and excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavation system and an excavation method using a hammer inserted into a casing which can effectively excavate a shaft in accordance with the properties of the ground, in spite of using a single driving device.SOLUTION: A hammer rod 5 with a hammer 3 provided at the lower end thereof is inserted into a casing 1. A mating groove 15 provided in the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of a driving joint 12 that is provided at the upper end of the casing 1 and a mating protrusion 8 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod 5 are mated to each other to make the hammer rod 5 movable only in the rod axial direction relative to the casing 1. While rotating the casing 1 with a rotary driving device 16 that holds the outer peripheral surface of the casing 1, the hammer 3 is rotated via the driving joint 12. While adjusting the upper and lower positions of the hammer 3, the ground is excavated by a casing bit 2 and a hammer bit 4, and excavated matter is discharged to the outside through discharge passages 3b and 7b which extend from the lower end of the hammer 3 to the upper end of the hammer rod 5.

Description

  The present invention relates to a casing and a drilling system and a drilling method using a hammer inserted in the casing. More specifically, the present invention is capable of efficiently drilling a vertical hole according to the properties of the ground while a single drive device is provided. The present invention relates to a drilling system and a drilling method.

  When constructing existing piles or forming place piles on various grounds such as hard ground, the ground is excavated to form vertical holes. Various excavation apparatuses used when performing such excavation work have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In the invention described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 11, after excavating the normal ground using the casing and the club bucket, the supporting ground is excavated using the casing and the hammer. I have to. There is a problem that it is difficult to improve work efficiency because it is necessary to change the device to be used depending on the nature of the ground to be excavated. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotation of the casing can be rotated by engaging the rotation transmission teeth provided on the inner peripheral surface of the casing with the rotation driven teeth provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer excavating rod. Hammer is transmitting to drill rod. In this structure, the hammer excavation rod has a large backlash, which causes a problem of poor rotation transmission. Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the drilling is performed by simply inserting the hammer drilling rod into the casing, and the relative position in the vertical direction between the hammer and the lower end of the casing is not controlled. Therefore, there was a problem that it was difficult to perform excavation work suitable for the properties of the ground. Furthermore, in this invention, since excavated things, such as excavated crushed stone, are discharged | emitted outside through the clearance gap between a casing and a hammer drilling rod, there also exists a problem that the circumference | surroundings become dirty.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 2, normal ground and hard ground are excavated using a casing and a down-the-hole hammer. However, since the rotational driving of the casing and the down-the-hole hammer is not interlocked, a plurality of driving devices are required, and there is a problem that the entire device becomes large.

  Therefore, there has been a demand for an excavation apparatus and excavation method that can perform work efficiently according to the properties of the ground while simplifying the entire apparatus by using a single drive apparatus.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-136489 JP-A-63-280119

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a casing and a drilling method using a casing and a hammer inserted in the casing, which can efficiently drill a vertical hole according to the properties of the ground while a single drive device is provided. It is in.

  In order to achieve the above object, the excavation system of the present invention has a casing having a casing bit at the lower end, a rotary drive device for rotating the casing while holding the outer peripheral surface of the casing, and a hammer bit at the lower end. An excavation system comprising a hammer and a hammer rod provided at the lower end of the hammer, and excavating the ground with the casing bit and the hammer bit with the hammer inserted in the casing. A detachable drive joint is provided on the portion, and a hammer is provided by fitting a fitting portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod inserted in the casing and a fitting portion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the drive joint. The rod can be moved only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing, and the rotary drive device is Said casing and rotatably driving it and the hammer, a discharge channel communicating provided from the lower end of the hammer to the upper end of the hammer rod, is characterized in that the arrangement for discharging the excavated material to the outside through the discharge path by.

  The excavation method of the present invention includes a fitting portion provided on an inner peripheral surface of a drive joint that is detachably provided on an upper end portion of a casing by inserting a hammer rod provided with a hammer on a lower end thereof, and an outer periphery of the hammer rod. The casing is rotated by a rotary drive device that holds the outer peripheral surface of the casing by fitting the fitting portion provided on the surface with the hammer rod so that the hammer rod can move only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing. Driving and rotating the hammer to adjust the vertical position of the hammer, and excavating the ground with a casing bit provided at the lower end of the casing and a hammer bit provided at the lower end of the hammer, The object is discharged to the outside through a discharge path communicating from the lower end of the hammer to the upper end of the hammer rod.

  According to the present invention, a removable drive joint is provided at the upper end of the casing, and the fitting portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod inserted in the casing and the fitting portion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the drive joint are provided. By fitting, the rotation of the casing can be transmitted to the hammer at a high rotation transmission rate via the hammer rod by driving a single drive device. In addition, since the hammer rod can be moved only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing, the relative position in the vertical direction between the hammer (hammer bit) and the lower end (casing bit) of the casing is accurately controlled in accordance with the ground properties can do. Therefore, it is possible to excavate a vertical hole efficiently according to the properties of the ground, although there is a single drive device as an excavation drive source. Furthermore, since the excavated material such as excavated crushed stone is discharged to the outside through the discharge path communicating from the lower end of the hammer to the upper end portion of the hammer rod, the excavated material can be prevented from diffusing around.

It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the whole outline | summary of the excavation system of this invention seeing through the inside of a casing. It is a front view which illustrates the drive joint attached to the upper end part of a casing. It is a top view which illustrates the drive joint and hammer rod which mutually fit. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the state which lifts and moves the uppermost rod part upward. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the drive joint which moves upwards with the uppermost rod part. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process of starting excavation of the ground seeing through the inside of a casing. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process of isolate | separating the uppermost rod part and drive joint from the casing and hammer rod which are in the vertical hole which is excavating. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process of adding another rod part and another casing part to the uppermost rod part and drive joint, respectively. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process of extending the hammer rod and a casing by connecting another rod part and another casing part which were added to the rod part and casing part which are in the excavating vertical hole, respectively. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process of excavating the ground further deeply.

  Hereinafter, the excavation system and excavation method of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

  As illustrated in FIG. 1, the excavation system of the present invention includes a cylindrical casing 1, a single rotary drive device 16 that holds the outer peripheral surface of the casing 1 and rotationally drives the casing 1, and a columnar shape. A hammer 3 is provided. A casing bit 2 is provided at the lower end of the casing 1. The hammer 3 is connected to the lower end of the hammer rod 5, and a hammer bit 4 is provided at the lower end of the hammer 3.

  The casing 1 is composed of a plurality of casing parts 1a to 1d connected to each other by fastening means such as bolts, and the casing bit 2 is provided at the lower end of the lowermost casing part 1a. The uppermost casing portion 1c is set to have a shorter tube length than the other casing portions 1a, 1b, and 1d. The number of casing parts 1a to 1d that are connected to form the casing 1 is not limited to four as in this embodiment, and can be any number according to the depth of excavation.

  The hammer rod 5 is composed of a plurality of rod portions 5a to 5c connected up and down by fastening means such as bolts, and the hammer 3 is connected to the lower end of the lowermost rod portion 5b. The number of rod portions 5a to 5c that are connected to form the hammer rod 5 is not limited to three as in this embodiment, but can be any number according to the depth of excavation. Four fitting protrusions 8 are vertically extended on the outer peripheral surfaces of the rod portions 5a to 5c at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

  A detachable cylindrical drive joint 12 is provided at the upper end of the uppermost casing portion 1 c which is the upper end portion of the casing 1. The drive joint 12 is comprised from the insertion part 13 and the flange part 14 so that it may illustrate in FIG. 2, FIG. The insertion portion 13 is inserted into the uppermost casing portion 1c, and the drive joint 12 is detachably attached to the casing portion 1c by fastening means such as bolts. The drive joint 12 has a through hole 12a through which the hammer rod 5 is inserted, and four fitting grooves 15 are vertically extended on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 12a at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. .

  When the hammer rod 5 is inserted into the casing 1, the fitting protrusion 8 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod 5 and the fitting groove 15 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 12 a of the drive joint 12 are fitted. Thus, the hammer rod 5 is movable only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing 1. It is also possible to provide a fitting groove on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod 5 and provide a fitting projection on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 12a of the drive joint 12 to fit each other. That is, the fitting portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod 5 and the fitting portion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the through-hole 12 a of the drive joint 12 are fitted to each other so that the hammer rod 5 is rod-bonded to the casing 1. What is necessary is just to make it movable only to an axial direction.

  A swivel joint 9 is connected to the upper end of the uppermost rod portion 5 a, and an injection pipe 10 and a discharge pipe 11 are connected to the hammer rod 5 through the swivel joint 9. The injection pipe 10 and the discharge pipe 11 communicate with injection paths 3a and 7a and discharge paths 3b and 7b, which will be described later. A locking hole 9 a is provided at the upper end of the swivel joint 9. A suspension wire 20 such as a crane is locked in the locking hole 9a. Therefore, the vertical position of the hammer 3 can be controlled by controlling the suspension wire 20 with a crane or the like.

  The hammer 3 is provided with an injection path 3a and a discharge path 3b, and the hammer rod 5 is provided with an injection path 7a and a discharge path 7b. An injection path that communicates from the lower end of the hammer 3 to the upper end of the hammer rod 5 is formed by the injection paths 3a and 7a, and a discharge path that communicates from the lower end of the hammer 3 to the upper end of the hammer rod 5 by the discharge paths 3b and 7b. Is formed.

  Air is supplied from an air supply source on the ground from the injection pipe 10 through the injection paths 7a and 3a, and a vertical striking force is applied to the hammer 3 by the pressure of the supplied air. The excavated material is discharged from the discharge pipe 11 to the outside through the discharge passages 3b and 7b by the pressure of the supplied air.

  The rotation drive device 16 includes a drive motor 16a, a rotation gear 16b that is rotated by the drive motor 16a, a plurality of chuck pieces 18 that rotate together with the rotation gear 16b, and four support legs 17 that include hydraulic cylinders. ing. The plurality of chuck pieces 18 are arranged in an annular shape so as to surround the outer peripheral side of the casing 1 that vertically passes through the rotary drive device 16. Each chuck piece 18 is configured such that the annular shape can be expanded and contracted by moving forward and backward in the arranged annular radial direction. The outer peripheral surface of the casing 1 is held by moving each chuck piece 18 in the direction of reducing the diameter of the ring. Further, the above-described components of the rotary drive device 16 are configured to move up and down integrally as the cylinder of the support leg 17 moves forward and backward.

  When the casing 1 is rotationally driven by the drive of the rotary drive device 16 with the outer peripheral surface of the casing 1 held by the chuck piece 18, the rotation of the casing 1 through the drive joint 12 is applied to the hammer 3 together with the hammer rod 5. As a result, the casing 1 and the hammer 3 are rotationally driven by a single rotational driving device 16.

  As illustrated in FIG. 4, a protruding locking portion 6 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the uppermost rod portion 5 a. After releasing the connection between the rod portion 5a and the rod portion 5c, when the uppermost rod portion 5a is lifted by the suspension wire 20 and moved upward, the drive joint 12 is engaged with the locking portion as illustrated in FIG. 6 and is configured to move upward together with the uppermost rod portion 5a. In this embodiment, since the drive joint 12 and the uppermost casing portion 1c remain connected and the connection between the casing portion 1c and the casing portion 1d is released, the drive joint 12 and the uppermost rod portion 5a are connected together. The casing part 1c is moving upward.

  Next, a method for forming a vertical hole by excavating the ground using this excavation system will be described below.

  First, as illustrated in FIG. 6, a hammer rod 5 (rod part 5 a and rod part 5 b) having a hammer 3 connected to the lower end is inserted into the casing 1 (casing parts 1 a, 1 b, 1 c), and the upper end of the casing 1 is inserted. The fitting groove 15 of the drive joint 12 detachably provided in the part and the fitting protrusion 8 of the hammer rod 5 are fitted, and the hammer rod 5 is movable only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing 1. To. Then, the outer peripheral surface of the casing 1 is held by the chuck piece 18 of the rotation driving device 16. The support leg 17 keeps its cylinder extended.

  In this state, the rotary drive device 16 is operated to rotate the casing 1 and the hammer 3 is driven to start excavating the ground. Along with the rotation drive of the rotation drive device 16, the cylinder of the support leg 17 is gradually contracted to move the casing 1 downward. At the start of excavation, for example, the vertical position of the hammer 3 is adjusted, and the hammer 3 is advanced before the casing 1 for excavation.

  Air is supplied from the injection pipe 10 through the injection path 7a, and the ground is excavated by the casing bit 2 and the hammer bit 4 that are rotationally driven while applying a vertical striking force to the hammer 3 by the pressure of the supplied air. The excavated excavated material is discharged from the discharge pipe 11 to the outside through the discharge paths 3b and 7b by the pressure of the air supplied through the injection paths 7a and 3a.

  In order to dig deeper, it is necessary to extend the casing 1 and the hammer rod 5. Accordingly, after excavating the ground to some extent as illustrated in FIG. 7, the drive joint 12 is lifted together with the uppermost rod portion 5a.

  More specifically, first, after the connection between the uppermost casing portion 1c and the casing portion 1b is released, the drive joint 12 is lifted and moved upward together with the casing portion 1c. At this time, the connecting portion between the rod portion 5a and the rod portion 5b is exposed while protruding upward from the upper end of the casing portion 1b, so the connection between the rod portion 5a and the rod portion 5b is released.

  Next, the rod portion 5a is lifted by the suspension wire 20 and moved upward, the locking portion 6 of the uppermost rod portion 5a is locked to the driving joint 12, and the driving joint 12 and the casing portion 1c together with the rod portion 5a. It is moved upward and separated from the casing part 1b.

  As illustrated in FIG. 8, the setup hole 19 formed at another position on the ground is in a state in which the rod part 5 c to be connected next is inserted into the casing part 1 d to be connected next. At this time, the rod portion 5c may be hooked on the casing portion 1d with a jig or the like and protruded from the upper end of the casing portion 1d.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the uppermost rod portion 5 a is lifted and moved together with the drive joint 12 and the casing 1 c above the rod portion 5 c installed in the setup hole 19. At this time, the drive joint 12 is lifted by another wire or the like to be moved upward together with the casing portion 1c, and the lower end of the rod portion 5a is protruded downward from the lower end of the casing portion 1c. Connect to the top. By causing the lower end of the uppermost rod portion 5a to protrude downward from the lower end of the casing portion 1c, the connecting operation between the rod portion 5a and the rod portion 5c can be easily performed. Next, the lower end of the casing part 1 c is connected to the upper end of the casing part 1 d installed in the setup hole 19.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9, together with the uppermost rod portion 5 a to which the rod portion 5 c is connected, the drive joint 12 and the casing portion 1 c to which the casing portion 1 c is connected are lifted by the suspension wire 20 and moved to the excavation position. . At this time, the drive joint 12 is lifted together with the casing parts 1c and 1d by lifting it with another wire or the like, so that the lower end of the rod part 5c protrudes downward from the lower end of the casing part 1d. In this state, the hammer rod 5 is extended by connecting the lower end of the rod portion 5c to the upper end of the rod portion 5b in the vertical hole being excavated. By projecting the lower end of the rod portion 5c downward from the lower end of the casing portion 1d, the connection work between the rod portion 5c and the rod portion 5b can be easily performed. Next, the casing 1 is extended by connecting the lower end of the casing portion 1d to the upper end of the casing portion 1b in the vertical hole being excavated.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the support leg 17 of the rotation driving device 16 is extended, the outer peripheral surface of the extended casing 1 is held by the chuck piece 18, the casing 1 is driven to rotate, and a hammer is used. 3 is rotated to resume excavation of the ground. Along with the rotation drive of the rotary drive device 16, the support leg 17 is gradually contracted to move the casing 1 downward, and the vertical position of the hammer 3 is adjusted while the vertical position of the hammer 3 is adjusted. Control and drill.

  When excavating the ground deeper, the procedure shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 may be repeated to extend the casing 1 and the hammer rod 5.

  In this embodiment, the setup hole 19 is used to extend the casing 1 and the hammer rod 5, but other methods may be used. For example, a rod may be assembled on the ground at another position, and the rod portion 5c to be connected next may be inserted into the casing portion 1d to be connected next to the rod.

  In the present invention, the fitting protrusion 8 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod 5 and the fitting groove 15 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 12a of the drive joint 12 are fitted together. Backlash of the hammer rod 5 when rotating the rod 5 can be suppressed. Therefore, the rotation of the casing 1 can be transmitted to the hammer 3 through the drive joint 12 with a high rotation transmission rate.

  Further, since the hammer rod 5 can be moved only in the rod axis direction with respect to the casing 1, the relative position in the vertical direction between the hammer 3 (hammer bit 4) and the lower end of the casing 1 (casing bit 2) The crane can be controlled with high precision by operating a crane that suspends the crane 20. Thereby, according to the properties of the ground, set the hammer bit 4 ahead of the casing bit 2, or set the casing bit 2 ahead of the hammer bit 4, or The hammer bit 4 and the casing bit 2 can be set at the same vertical position for excavation.

  By applying the present invention in this way, it is possible to efficiently excavate a vertical hole according to the properties of the ground, although a single rotation drive device 16 serving as a drive source for excavation is provided. Further, the excavated material such as the excavated crushed stone is discharged to the outside through the discharge passages 3b and 7b communicating from the lower end of the hammer 3 to the upper end portion of the hammer rod 5, so that the excavated material should not be diffused around. it can.

  In this embodiment, by providing the locking portion 6 protruding on the outer peripheral surface of the uppermost rod portion 5a, the locking portion 6 is engaged with the drive joint 12 and moved upward together with the uppermost rod portion 5a. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to easily connect and disconnect the rod portions 5a to 5c.

  The hammer 3 is not limited to the down-the-hole hammer type illustrated in the embodiment, as long as it has a specification that can be inserted into the casing 1 and excavate the ground inside the casing 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Casing 1a-1d Casing part 2 Casing bit 3 Hammer 3a Injection path 3b Discharge path 4 Hammer bit 5 Hammer rod 5a-5d Rod part 6 Locking part 7a Injection path 7b Discharge path 8 Fitting protrusion 9 Swivel joint 9a Locking hole DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Injection pipe 11 Discharge pipe 12 Drive joint 12a Through-hole 13 Insertion part 14 Flange part 15 Fitting groove 16 Rotation drive device 16a Drive motor 16b Rotation gear 17 Support leg 18 Chuck piece 19 Setup hole 20 Hanging wire

Claims (6)

  A casing having a casing bit at the lower end, a rotation driving device for rotating the casing while holding the outer peripheral surface of the casing, a hammer having a hammer bit at the lower end, and a hammer rod provided at the lower end In the excavation system for excavating the ground with the casing bit and the hammer bit with the hammer inserted in the casing, a removable drive joint is provided at the upper end of the casing, By fitting the fitting part provided on the outer peripheral surface of the inserted hammer rod with the fitting part provided on the inner peripheral surface of the drive joint, the hammer rod can be moved only in the rod axial direction with respect to the casing. Then, the casing and the hammer are driven to rotate by the rotation driving device. , Drilling system, wherein the discharge channel communicating provided from the lower end of the hammer to the upper end of the hammer rod and the structure for discharging the excavated material to the outside through the discharge passage.   The hammer rod is composed of a plurality of rod portions connected up and down, the casing is composed of a plurality of casing portions connected up and down, and provided with a locking portion protruding on the outer peripheral surface of the uppermost rod portion, The excavation system according to claim 1, wherein when the uppermost rod portion is moved upward, the drive joint engages with the locking portion and moves upward together with the uppermost rod portion.   An injection path that communicates from the lower end of the hammer to the upper end of the hammer rod is provided, and the vertical pressure is applied to the hammer by the pressure of air injected through the injection path, and the excavated material is discharged to the outside. The excavation system according to claim 1 or 2.   A fitting portion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the drive joint provided in a removable manner on the upper end portion of the casing by inserting a hammer rod provided with a hammer at the lower end into the casing, and a fitting portion provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer rod And the hammer rod is moved in the rod axial direction only with respect to the casing, and the casing is rotated by a rotary drive device that holds the outer peripheral surface of the casing. While rotating and adjusting the vertical position of the hammer, the ground is excavated by the casing bit provided at the lower end of the casing and the hammer bit provided at the lower end of the hammer, and the excavated material is removed from the lower end of the hammer. The excavation method is characterized by discharging to the outside through a discharge path communicating with the upper end of the hammer rod.   The hammer rod is composed of a plurality of rod portions connected up and down, the casing is composed of a plurality of casing portions connected up and down, and a locking portion is provided to project on the outer peripheral surface of the uppermost rod portion, When the uppermost rod portion is moved upward, the engaging portion is engaged with the drive joint and moved upward together with the uppermost rod portion to perform connection and disconnection operations between the rod portions. Item 5. The excavation method according to item 4.   In the setup hole formed in the ground, with the rod part inserted in the casing part, the uppermost rod part moved upward, the drive joint moved upward together with the uppermost rod part, The excavation method according to claim 5, wherein the excavation method is connected to an upper end of a rod portion installed in the setup hole and an upper end of a casing portion.

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