JP2011214430A - Power generating device and method of operating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce an energy loss in a condenser, while miniaturizing the condenser.SOLUTION: This power generating device 10 includes: an evaporating means 14 for evaporating an operating medium liquid; a power generating means 25 for generating power by driving a generator 24 with the operating medium steam generated in the evaporating means 14 and led into an expander 16; the condenser 18 for condensing the operating medium steam discharged from the expander 16; and a user side heat exchanger 22 using the heat of a part of the operating medium liquid condensed by the condenser 18. The condenser 18 is a direct heating type condenser which condenses the operating medium steam by directly bringing the operating medium steam and a cooling medium into contact with each other, and as the cooling medium, the operating medium liquid lowered in the temperature by extracting the heat in the user side heat exchanger 22 is used.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator and a method for operating the power generator.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 below, a power generation apparatus that drives a generator with an expander such as a turbine is known. In this type of power generator, a Rankine cycle circuit that includes a condenser that condenses the working medium vapor expanded by the expander, an evaporator that evaporates the condensed working medium liquid, and the expander, and in which the working medium circulates. Is formed.

  Among these, in the power generation device of Patent Document 1, a cooling tower is connected to the condenser, and the working medium liquid is cooled with cooling water from the cooling tower. Moreover, in the electric power generating apparatus of patent document 3, 4 and 5, the condenser is used as a condenser.

JP 2008-309046 A JP 2005-351094 A JP 59-180280 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-146067 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-3488

  In this type of power generator, when the working medium vapor introduced into the condenser condenses, the latent heat of the working medium vapor is discarded, resulting in energy loss. In addition, since the working medium vapor has a significantly larger specific volume and a smaller heat transfer coefficient than the working medium liquid, in the conventional configuration using an indirect heat exchanger, it is necessary to secure the necessary heat transfer area. There is also a problem that the condenser becomes large.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to reduce energy loss in the condenser while reducing the size of the condenser.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes an evaporation means for evaporating a working medium liquid, and a power generation means for generating electric power by driving the generator by introducing the working medium vapor generated by the evaporation means into the expander. And a condenser for condensing the working medium vapor discharged from the expander, wherein the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is recirculated to the evaporation means. The working medium liquid is provided with heat utilization means for utilizing the heat, and the condenser is a direct heating method in which the working medium vapor is brought into direct contact with the working medium vapor to condense the working medium vapor. And a working medium liquid having a reduced temperature as a result of heat removal by the heat utilization means is used as the cooling medium.

  In the power generator of the present invention, a direct heating type condenser is used as a condenser for condensing the working medium vapor, so that the heat exchange efficiency is high. For this reason, a condenser can be reduced in size. In addition, since a part of the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is supplied to the heat utilization means, the latent heat accompanying the condensation of the working medium vapor can be effectively utilized in the condenser. For this reason, the energy loss in a condenser can be reduced.

  Here, it is preferable that distribution means for distributing the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser to the first path for guiding to the evaporation means and the second path for guiding to the heat utilization means is provided. . In this aspect, the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is distributed by the distribution means and introduced into the evaporation means and the heat utilization means. Therefore, the working medium liquid can be distributed while ensuring high heat exchange efficiency.

  In this aspect, it is preferable that the first path is provided with a pump that changes the flow rate of the working medium liquid in the first path by controlling the number of rotations. In this aspect, the flow rate of the working medium liquid flowing through the first path can be adjusted by controlling the number of revolutions of the pump. Therefore, the amount of circulation circulating between the evaporation means, the expander, and the condenser is set appropriately. Can be adjusted to the amount.

  The second path is preferably provided with a pump that changes the flow rate of the working medium liquid in the second path by controlling the rotation speed. In this aspect, the flow rate of the working medium liquid flowing through the second path can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the pump, so that the circulation amount circulating between the condenser and the heat utilization means can be adjusted. Thus, the heat exchange amount in the condenser can be optimized.

  The present invention evaporates the working medium liquid by the evaporation means, introduces the generated working medium vapor into the expander, drives the generator to generate power, and discharges the working medium vapor discharged from the expander in the condenser. Then, it is condensed by direct contact with the working medium liquid that has been removed by the heat utilization means and the temperature is lowered, and a part of the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is returned to the evaporation means, while being condensed by the condenser. This is a method of operating the power generation apparatus that uses the heat of the other part of the working medium liquid as heat utilization means.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the energy loss in the condenser while reducing the size of the condenser.

It is a figure showing roughly the composition of the power generator concerning the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power generation apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is formed with a circulation circuit 12 through which a working medium (working medium vapor, working medium liquid) circulates, and is expanded by the working medium flowing through the circulation circuit 12. This is a power generation apparatus 10 that generates power by a generator 24 by driving a machine 16. For example, water vapor can be used as the working medium vapor.

  The circulation circuit 12 includes an evaporation means 14, an expander 16, a condenser 18, a distribution means 20, and a use side heat exchanger 22. The evaporation means 14, the expander 16, the condenser 18, the distribution means 20, and the use side heat exchanger 22 are connected by a pipe.

  The evaporating unit 14 is configured to evaporate the working medium vapor by the heat received from the heat source 23. For example, the evaporation means 14 can be constituted by a condenser using solar heat as the heat source 23, a boiler using biomass or fossil fuel as the heat source 23, other evaporators, and the like.

  The expander 16 is introduced with the working medium vapor evaporated by the evaporating means 14 and heated to a high temperature, and rotates the rotating shaft 16a by the introduced working medium vapor. The rotating shaft 16a of the expander 16 is connected to the generator 24. The rotating shaft 16a of the expander 16 rotates to drive the generator 24 to generate power. A power generation means 25 is configured by the expander 16 and the power generator 24.

  The condenser 18 includes a steam introduction port 18a for introducing the working medium vapor discharged from the expander 16, a liquid introduction port 18b for introducing the working medium liquid from the use side heat exchanger 22, and a working medium. A housing provided with a discharge port 18c for discharging the liquid is provided. The condenser 18 adopts a direct heating method in which the working medium vapor introduced through the vapor introduction port 18a and the working medium liquid introduced through the liquid introduction port 18b are in direct contact with each other to exchange heat in the casing. It is configured.

  The working medium liquid condensed by the condenser 18 is introduced into the distribution means 20. The distribution means 20 also serves as a reservoir for storing the working medium. The housing of the distribution means 20 has an introduction port 20a through which the working medium liquid is introduced, and a working medium liquid introduced into the housing. A first distribution port 20b through which a part flows out and a second distribution port 20c through which the other part of the working medium liquid introduced into the housing flows out are provided. The first distribution port 20 b is connected to the first path 27, and the working medium liquid flowing out from the first distribution port 20 b is guided to the evaporation means 14 through the first path 27. On the other hand, the second distribution port 20 c is connected to the second path 28, and the working medium liquid flowing out from the second distribution port 20 c is guided to the usage-side heat exchanger 22 through the second path 28. Therefore, in the circulation circuit 12, the heat source side circulation unit 12a in which the working medium circulates between the evaporation means 14, the expander 16, the condenser 18 and the distribution means 20, the condenser 18, the distribution means 20 and the use side heat exchange. The utilization side circulation part 12b through which the working medium liquid circulates between the containers 22 is included.

  The usage-side heat exchanger 22 is an example of heat utilization means for utilizing the heat of the working medium liquid. In the present embodiment, the heat of the working medium liquid is configured to be utilized by the heat utilization equipment 35. . Examples of the heat utilization equipment 35 include a binary generator and process equipment. The heat utilization means is not limited to this configuration, but in short, a configuration in which a flow path through which the working medium liquid flows is formed and the heat of the working medium liquid flowing through the flow path can be taken out. If it is.

  The circulation circuit 12 is provided with a first pump 38 and a second pump 39. The first pump 38 is disposed in the first path 27, and the flow rate of the first path 27 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed. The second pump 39 is disposed in the second path 28, and the flow rate of the second path 28 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed.

  Here, the operation of the power generation device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.

  By driving the first pump 38 and the second pump 39, the working medium (working medium vapor, working medium liquid) flows through the circulation circuit 12. In the evaporation means 14, the working medium liquid is evaporated by the heat received from the heat source 23. The working medium vapor generated by the evaporation means 14 is introduced into the expander 16, and the generator 24 is driven in accordance with the flow rate of the vapor, thereby generating electric power.

  The working medium vapor discharged from the expander 16 is introduced into the condenser 18 through the vapor introduction port 18a. The condenser 18 is introduced with the working medium liquid, whose temperature has been reduced by the use side heat exchanger 22, through the liquid introduction port 18b. For this reason, in the condenser 18, the working medium vapor comes into direct contact with the working medium liquid, and heat exchange is performed. Thereby, the working medium vapor is condensed, and the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser 18 is discharged from the discharge port 18 c and introduced into the distribution means 20. A part of the working medium liquid that has flowed into the distribution unit 20 flows out from the first distribution port 20 b and returns to the evaporation unit 14 through the first path 27. The other part of the working medium liquid that has flowed into the distribution means 20 flows out from the second distribution port 20 c and flows into the usage-side heat exchanger 22 through the second path 28. Therefore, a part of the working medium circulates between the condenser 18, the evaporation means 14, and the expander 16, and the other part circulates between the condenser 18 and the use side heat exchanger 22.

  By controlling the rotation speed of the first pump 38, the flow rate circulating between the condenser 18, the distribution unit 20, the evaporation unit 14, and the expander 16 is adjusted. The rotation speed of the first pump 38 can be controlled in accordance with the detection result by detecting the output of the generator 24, the power generation amount, the steam temperature, the steam amount, the steam pressure, and the like.

  On the other hand, by controlling the rotation speed of the second pump 39, the flow rate circulating between the condenser 18, the distribution means 20, and the use side heat exchanger 22 is adjusted. The rotation speed of the second pump 39 is the amount of power generated by the binary generator 24, the temperature of the secondary medium, the pressure of the secondary medium, the liquid level height of the working medium liquid in the condenser 18 or the use side heat exchanger 22, etc. Can be detected and controlled according to the detection result. Then, by integrally controlling the rotational speed of the first pump 38 and the rotational speed of the second pump 39, the power generation apparatus 10 can be operated under optimal operating conditions.

  As described above, in the power generation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the direct heating type condenser 18 is used as the condenser 18 that condenses the working medium vapor, and thus the heat exchange efficiency is high. For this reason, the condenser 18 can be reduced in size. In addition, since part of the working medium liquid condensed in the condenser 18 is supplied to the use-side heat exchanger 22, the latent heat accompanying the condensation of the working medium vapor can be effectively utilized in the condenser 18. For this reason, the energy loss in the condenser 18 can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the distribution means 20 for distributing the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser 18 to the first path 27 and the second path 28 is provided, the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser 18 is distributed. 20 and distributed to the evaporating means 14 and the use side heat exchanger 22, respectively. Therefore, the working medium liquid can be distributed while ensuring high heat exchange efficiency.

  In the present embodiment, the first pump 38 is provided in the first path 27, and the flow rate of the working medium liquid flowing in the first path 27 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the pump 38. Therefore, the circulation amount circulating between the evaporation means 14, the expander 16, and the condenser 18 can be adjusted to an appropriate amount.

  In the present embodiment, a second pump 39 is provided in the second path 28, and the flow rate of the working medium liquid flowing through the second path 28 can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the pump 39. Therefore, the amount of circulation circulating between the condenser 18 and the use side heat exchanger 22 can be adjusted, whereby the heat exchange amount in the condenser 18 can be optimized.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Power generator 12 Circulation circuit 12a Heat source side circulation part 12b Use side circulation part 14 Evaporating means 16 Expander 16a Rotating shaft 18 Condenser 18a Steam introduction port 18b Liquid introduction port 18c Discharge port 20 Distribution means 20a Introduction port 20b 1st distribution port 20c 2nd distribution port 22 Use side heat exchanger 23 Heat source 24 Generator 25 Electric power generation means 27 1st path | route 28 2nd path | route 35 Heat utilization equipment 38 1st pump 39 2nd pump

Claims (5)

Evaporating means for evaporating the working medium liquid, working medium vapor generated by the evaporating means is introduced into the expander, power generation means for driving the generator to generate electric power, and working medium vapor discharged from the expander A power generator configured to recirculate the working medium liquid condensed in the condenser to the evaporation means,
About a part of the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser, a heat utilization means for utilizing the heat is provided,
The condenser is a direct heating method in which the working medium vapor and the cooling medium are brought into direct contact with each other to condense the working medium vapor, and as the cooling medium, the heat is removed by the heat utilization means and the temperature is lowered. A power generator using a working medium liquid.   Distributing means for distributing the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser to a first path for guiding the liquid to the evaporating means and a second path for guiding the working medium liquid to the heat utilization means is provided. Item 2. The power generation device according to Item 1.   The power generator according to claim 2, wherein the first path is provided with a pump that changes a flow rate of the working medium liquid in the first path by controlling a rotation speed.   The power generator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second path is provided with a pump that changes the flow rate of the working medium liquid in the second path by controlling the rotation speed.   The working medium liquid is evaporated by the evaporation means, the generated working medium vapor is introduced into the expander, the generator is driven to generate electric power, and the working medium vapor discharged from the expander is used as heat utilization means in the condenser. The working medium liquid that has been heat-removed and reduced in temperature is directly contacted and condensed, and a part of the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is returned to the evaporation means, while the working medium liquid condensed by the condenser is used. About the other part, the operating method of the electric power generating apparatus which utilizes the heat with a heat utilization means.

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