JP2011212733A - Multistage type horizontal forging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact and inexpensive multistage type horizontal forging apparatus 1 with which reduction and balance of working load are attained when working operation and working accuracy is improved.SOLUTION: In this forging apparatus which is composed of: fixed dies 3 which are fixed to a frame 2; divided rams 5 which are held movably; movable dies 6 which are mounted at the tops of divided rams 5 and moved toward the fixed dies 3; and a driving means for driving the divided rams 5, and which includes a plurality of independent working steps for working a workpiece between the movable dies 6 and the fixed dies 3 which are arranged in the horizontal direction, two symmetric steps are made into a set, and by operating the set of two steps simultaneously, and successively operating three sets of the two steps at different timing, the balance and dispersion of the working load are attained. Thermal expansion is suppressed by fixing each movable die 6 and the fixed die 3 through a divided block. By connecting respective divided blocks with a connecting means for joining them only in the horizontal direction, the blocks are integrally pulled out horizontally at one time from a through-hole Y when changing the dies.

Description

  The present invention relates to a multistage horizontal forging device having a plurality of processing stages.

[Conventional technology]
Conventionally, a multistage horizontal forging device is used as a forging device for mass-producing a relatively small forged product with high efficiency. This type of forging apparatus is provided with a movable body (ram) for holding a movable mold and a driving means for driving the ram inside a strong frame, and a fixed mold is mounted on the frame facing the ram. It has a fixed structure. In addition, this multistage horizontal forging device has a structure in which a fixed mold and a movable mold that perform only one process among a plurality of process stages (processes) are aligned in the horizontal direction in the order of the process steps. Then, the workpiece (work) is formed by gradually moving each fixed mold by a work transfer device, so that the molding progresses gradually, and finally a necessary product shape is obtained (for example, a patent) References 1 and 2).

  The forging device disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a plurality of movable dies arranged in parallel on a single ram, and the same number of fixed dies as the movable dies are installed at positions facing each movable die. This is a multistage horizontal forging device constituted by the above. And the drive means which drives a ram is comprised by the single connection rod connected with the crankshaft integrated with the flywheel, a ram is driven by rotation of a crankshaft, and a workpiece | work is simultaneously shape | molded.

  Further, the forging device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a multi-stage forging device in which a plurality of processing stages configured by a movable die and a fixed die are set. The ram that holds each movable mold is a divided ram that is divided into a plurality of pieces, and a connecting rod that is connected to each divided ram drives each divided ram independently. And the drive means which drives each division | segmentation ram is comprised by the some eccentric cam provided in the cam shaft, and each connection rod engaged with an eccentric cam drives the division | segmentation ram by rotation of a cam shaft. In addition, the multi-stage vertical forging device enables sequential forming in which the machining timing of the workpiece is sequentially shifted by making the eccentric angle phases of the plurality of eccentric cams different.

[Problems with conventional technology]
In the simultaneous forming forging device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a large processing load (impact load) is applied to the frame at a time, and the frame is enlarged to ensure rigidity against the impact load. There was a problem that. One solution to this problem is a forging method by sequential forming. In the sequential forging device disclosed in Patent Document 2, the impact load can be significantly reduced by dispersing the processing load in terms of time, and the equipment size and equipment cost can be reduced. However, if the ram division is increased in order to reduce the machining load, the division ram is flattened and the rigidity is lowered, and the gap amount between the division rams is increased, which makes it difficult to ensure machining accuracy.

  Further, in sequential molding, the processing load is temporally dispersed by shifting the processing timing so as not to be applied at one time, but the processing load by sequential molding does not act on each fixed mold in a balanced manner. That is, when the operation by each divided ram starts from the first step and ends at the final step, the working point of the processing load is from one side to the other side of the load support portion of the frame to which each fixed mold is fixed. Move to. At this time, the machining load acts as an offset load on the frame, and a bending moment corresponding to the distance between the machining load acting point and the center axis of the frame is generated in the load support portion of the frame. This bending moment becomes the largest when the first process on the one side of the frame is loaded and the final process is loaded on the other side, and becomes the smallest when the middle process is loaded at the center of the frame.

  When a large bending moment is generated, a slight deformation of the bending moment due to the bending moment occurs in the frame that has been reduced in size in response to a decrease in the processing load, and a reaction force of an offset load is generated on the divided ram. As a result, misalignment (core misalignment) between the axis of the movable mold and the fixed mold occurs, resulting in a decrease in machining accuracy. Also, the bending deformation promotes uneven wear on the sliding surface of the frame and the divided ram (usually via a sliding member called a liner) and the contact surface between the divided rams, and is orthogonal to the moving direction of the divided ram. A backlash occurs, and the processing accuracy decreases.

  Further, in this type of forging device, the movable mold and the fixed mold are exchanged as needed according to the shape of the product to be manufactured. At this time, in the case of a vertical forging device, the movable die and the fixed die accommodated in the frame are exchanged from the front surface of the frame on the open side of the frame using a transporting and moving device such as a hoist, and the horizontal die forging device In this case, it is generally exchanged from the upper surface of the frame on the open side of the frame using a transporting and moving device such as a hoist, and there is a problem that the exchange takes time and the exchange device becomes large.

JP 2000-102839 A JP-A-5-77092

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to achieve a small and inexpensive multi-stage horizontal type that can reduce and balance the machining load during operation and improve machining accuracy. It is to provide a forging device.

[Means of Claim 1]
According to the means of claim 1, a multi-stage type in which a plurality of processing stages for forging a workpiece is provided in the frame, and the workpiece is processed at each processing stage and forged into a predetermined product shape. In the horizontal forging device, each processing stage includes a fixed mold fixed to the frame, a movable body moving toward the fixed mold, and a movable mold attached to the tip of the movable body. Is moved by being driven by the driving means, the work piece is sandwiched between the fixed mold and the movable mold, and forging is performed. In the plurality of processing stages, all the fixed molds are arranged in a horizontal row on the left and right. The leftmost processing stage is arranged so that all the movable molds move in the same direction and all the movable bodies are arranged in parallel so that all the movable bodies are parallel to each other, and the number of processing stages is n. The number from 1 to n is assigned in order to the rightmost machining stage. If you have, the drive means is characterized in that sequentially driving each of the movable member of the n processing stages according to the following conditions.

[When n is an even number of 2 or more]
Condition 1-1: When an integer selected from 0 to (n / 2-1) is an integer, k is a (n / 2-k) -th movable stage movable body, and (n / The 2 + 1 + k) -th movable stage movable body is driven simultaneously.
Condition 1-2: After driving two movable bodies according to Condition 1-1, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and two different movable bodies are driven according to Condition 1-1 To do.
Condition 1-3: By complying with Condition 1-1 and Condition 1-2, all the movable bodies are sequentially driven so as to select all the integers included in the integer group only once in an arbitrary order.

[When n is an odd number of 3 or more]
Condition 2-1: When one integer selected from an integer group of 0 or more and (n−1) / 2 or less is k, the {(n + 1) / 2−k} -th movable stage movable body, { The movable body of the (n + 1) / 2 + k} -th processing stage is simultaneously driven. When k = 0, only the movable body of the (n + 1) / 2nd processing stage is driven.
Condition 2-2: After driving one or two movable bodies according to the condition 2-1, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and one or two according to the condition 2-1. Drives two different movable bodies.
Condition 2-3: By following the conditions 2-1 and 2-2, all the movable bodies are sequentially driven so as to select all the integers included in the integer group only once in an arbitrary order.

  Thereby, regardless of whether the number of processing stages is an even number or an odd number, a set of two movable bodies that are symmetric with respect to the center line of the distribution of the plurality of movable bodies symmetrically to the same number is provided. A plurality of sets are configured, and the two movable bodies of each set are driven simultaneously, and each set is sequentially driven at different processing timings. Therefore, the machining load generated in each process consisting of each fixed mold paired with each movable mold mounted on each movable body acts symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the frame that supports the machining load. Therefore, no bending moment is generated with respect to the center axis of the frame, and neither bending deformation of the frame due to this bending moment nor uneven load of the movable body due to the reaction force of the processing load occurs.

  Only when the number of machining stages is an odd number, an intermediate process in which only one machining stage located on the center line of the distribution is operated independently is configured, but the machining load in this intermediate process is on the central axis of the frame. As a result, a bending moment about the central axis of the frame does not occur. As a result, it is possible to suppress misalignment between each movable mold and each fixed mold, and to prevent a reduction in processing accuracy. Further, since the plurality of processing stages are sequentially processed at different processing timings, the processing load is dispersed and the impact load can be greatly reduced without being applied at once. Therefore, the frame and the movable body can be reduced, and the equipment size can be reduced.

[Means of claim 2]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, each movable body is sandwiched between the frames via a guide member that guides the movable body only in the moving direction.

  As a result, even if the movable body is flattened, the movable body is sandwiched between the frames via the guide member that guides the movable body only in the moving direction, so that the rigidity is improved and a stable operation without backlash is obtained. Accuracy is greatly improved. In addition, since a structure that supports the movable member with the guide member sandwiched in the vertical direction of the flattened movable member is adopted, the number of guide members required is the same as the number of movable members, but the arrangement interval of each movable member is increased. Therefore, it is possible to arrange at a minimum interval without doing so, and the overall shape of the plurality of movable bodies can be made compact.

[Means of claim 3]
According to the means of claim 3, the split movable block is provided between the movable mold and the movable body, and the split movable blocks are connected to each other by the connecting means, and the connecting means is the split movable block. Is allowed to move in the moving direction, and the divided movable blocks are coupled in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction.
Thereby, at the time of a metal mold | die exchange, each movable metal mold | die can be put together and put in and taken out at once, and exchange time can be reduced significantly.

[Means of claim 4]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, at least one through hole into which the movable mold and the fixed mold can be taken in and out is provided on the side wall of the frame.

  This makes it possible to move and fix in the horizontal direction, for example, manually from the through-hole on the side wall of the frame, without having to replace the mold from the upper surface of the frame using a transport device such as a hoist. Since the mold can be taken in and out, it can be exchanged easily and in a short time.

[Means of claim 5]
According to the means of claim 5, each processing stage or two adjacent processing stages are set as one set, and a divided fixing block is provided between the fixed mold and the frame of each processing stage. Each of the divided fixed blocks is attached so that the mold center of the fixed mold and the mold center of the movable mold facing each other substantially coincide with each other.

  As a result, the amount of thermal expansion of the divided fixed block due to the processing heat generated during forging can be reduced, and each divided fixed block is attached with a gap therebetween, so that the amount of thermal expansion is not accumulated. . By attaching each divided fixed block so that the mold centers of the movable mold and the fixed mold coincide with each other, misalignment due to the amount of thermal expansion can be suppressed, and deterioration in machining accuracy can be prevented.

[Means of claim 6]
According to the means of claim 6, the divided fixed blocks are connected to each other by the connecting means, and the connecting means allows the divided fixed block to move to the movable mold side, and the divided fixed block is It is characterized by coupling in a direction orthogonal to the direction of movement to the movable mold side.
Thereby, at the time of metal mold | die exchange, each fixed metal mold | die can be put together and put in and taken out at once, and exchange time can be reduced significantly.

[Means of Claim 7]
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a fixed block is provided between the fixed mold and the frame, and the fixed block is preliminarily heated and adjusted to a predetermined temperature before the operation is started.

  As a result, since the temperature is adjusted to a predetermined temperature in advance, the influence of thermal expansion due to the processing heat is eliminated, and a stable operation can be performed at the same time as the start of operation without any misalignment between the movable mold and the fixed mold. Therefore, a large amount of discarding at the initial stage of machining becomes unnecessary.

An outline of a multistage type horizontal forging device is shown, (a) is a top view, and (b) is an elevational view (Example 1). It is detailed sectional drawing of the principal part of a multistage type horizontal forging device (Example 1). (Example 1) which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of AA of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2 (Example 1). (Example 1) which is CC arrow line view of FIG. (Example 1) which is the DD arrow line view of FIG.

  The best mode of the present invention will be described together with Example 1 shown in the drawings.

[Configuration of Example 1]
A schematic configuration of the multistage horizontal forging device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The multi-stage horizontal forging device of the present embodiment has a small machining load per process as an object to be processed (work), for example, a housing for an ignition plug for an automobile or a clutch housing for a starter. This is applied as a high-speed molding machine having a relatively large unit.

  The multistage horizontal forging device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of processing stages for forging a workpiece in a box-shaped frame 2, and the workpieces are sequentially processed at each processing stage to forge into a predetermined product shape. It is a configuration. As shown in FIG. 1, each processing stage includes a fixed mold 3 fixed to the frame 2, a rectangular parallelepiped movable body (divided ram) 5 that moves toward the fixed mold 3, and the divided ram. 5 and a movable mold 6 attached to the tip of 5. Then, the divided ram 5 is driven by driving means described later, and the divided ram 5 operates in the moving direction of the divided ram 5 so that the workpiece supplied between the fixed mold 3 and the movable mold 6 is sandwiched. Then forging.

  The plurality of processing stages are arranged so that all the fixed molds 3 are arranged in a row in the horizontal direction, all the movable molds 6 are moved in the same direction, and all the divided rams 5 are parallel to each other. Are arranged in the horizontal direction so as to be accommodated in the frame 2. Further, the plurality of divided rams 5 arranged in the horizontal direction are slidably held by the frame 2 at the upper and lower ends of the rectangular parallelepiped shape. In addition, the hydraulic clamp device 8 that performs the coupling (clamping) of the fixed mold 3 with the frame 2 and the clamp with the split ram 5 of the movable mold 6, the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold of each processing stage. 3 is formed by a workpiece transfer device 9 for sequentially transferring the workpiece forged between the workpiece 3 and the workpiece 3 in the horizontal direction.

  As shown in FIG. 1, driving means for driving each of the divided rams 5 movably includes an electric motor 10 with a speed reducer as a power source, and a belt-type pulley 11 that transmits the rotational output of the electric motor 10. And a camshaft 12 coupled to the pulley 11 and a connecting rod 14 that engages with an eccentric cam 13 disposed on the camshaft 12 and transmits thrust generated by the rotation of the camshaft 12 to the split ram 5. Has been.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the multistage horizontal forging device 1 is configured such that the longitudinal direction of the frame 2 is horizontally arranged, the center axes of the pair of the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3, and the split ram 5. And the horizontal axis of each connecting rod 14 is a horizontal forging device in which a machining load acts in the horizontal direction.

Unlike the frame of a vertical forging device, the frame of a horizontal forging device is generally opened upward. The upper part of the frame 2 of the multistage horizontal forging device 1 of the present embodiment is covered with a subframe 15, and the subframe 15 is configured to support a plurality of divided rams 5 together with the frame 2. . Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), a predetermined position in the longitudinal direction of the frame 2 (the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 is provided on the side surface of the multistage horizontal die forging device 1, that is, on the side wall of the frame 2. And a through hole Y through which the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 can be taken in and out is provided.
Hereinafter, each structure of the multistage type horizontal forging device 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the following description, the processing stage is referred to as a processing process or simply a process.

  The driving means employed in this embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the workpiece described above is completed as a product in six machining stages, that is, all six processes. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, each process # 1- # 6 is comprised along with the horizontal direction. In each of the steps # 1 to # 6, six sets of the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the six divided rams 5 are independently driven by the six connecting rods 14. It is the structure which processes. For this reason, the camshaft 12 is provided with six eccentric cams 13, and the respective connecting rods 14 are slidably engaged with the eccentric cams 13, and the eccentric cam 13 rotates as the camshaft 12 rotates. A stroke and a thrust corresponding to the amount of eccentricity are generated.

  At this time, the eccentric cam 13 employed in the present embodiment is not provided on the cam shaft 12 at the same eccentric angle (phase), but has different eccentric angles (phases) of the eccentric cams 13a to 13f. It is. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the two divided rams 5 that are symmetrical, that is, the two processes that are symmetric are assembled with respect to the center line P for distributing the six divided rams 5 symmetrically to the same number. For example, the first set of the first step # 1 and the sixth step # 6, the second set of the second step # 2 and the fifth step # 5, the third set of the third step # 3 and the fourth step # 4 When set, the eccentric cams 13 of each set are provided on the cam shaft 12 at the same eccentric angle (phase), and the eccentric angles (phases) of the first to third groups are predetermined angles (phases). The only difference is that the camshaft 12 is provided. That is, in other words, symmetrical processes are operated simultaneously, and three sets of machining timings are operated with a shift.

  As a result, when the camshaft 12 is rotated once, sequential molding consisting of three operations each having a time difference is possible, so that the processing load generated in each movable mold 6 and fixed mold 3 acts at a time. It can be dispersed without being excessive, and the processing load for each set can be greatly reduced. In addition, since three sets of two processes that are symmetric with respect to the center line P of the six divided rams 5 are configured, the processing loads generated in the two processes for each of the three sets are balanced symmetrically with respect to the center line P. can do. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the center line P of the six divided rams 5 and the center line Q that bisects the horizontal direction of the frame 2 are combined so as to substantially coincide with each other. Occurrence of the bending moment of the load support portion of the frame 2 that supports the processing load generated in the mold 3 is suppressed. Therefore, the bending load of the split ram 5 acting as a bending deformation of the frame 2 or a reaction force of the processing load due to this bending moment does not occur.

  The present invention is not limited to the case where a product is completed in all six steps, but from an even number of plural steps such as all eight steps greater than all six steps or all four steps less than all six steps. It can be applied even in such a case. That is, when the number of processes is n, and n is an even number of 2 or more, when the numbers from 1 to n are sequentially assigned from the first process to the final process, the driving means performs n according to the following conditions. The divided cams 5 of the individual processes are sequentially driven.

Condition 1: When one integer selected from an integer group of 0 or more and (n / 2-1) or less is k, the divided ram 5 of the (n / 2-k) -th machining stage, and (n / 2 + 1 + k) ) Simultaneously drive the divided ram 5 of the first machining stage.
Condition 2: After driving two divided rams 5 according to condition 1, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and two different divided rams 5 are driven according to condition 1.
Condition 3: By following the conditions 1 and 2, all the divided rams 5 are sequentially driven so as to select all the integers included in the integer group only once in an arbitrary order.

  Here, the case where the above-described workpiece is completed as a product in all six steps corresponds to the number of steps n = 6, and the total number of sets consisting of two symmetrical steps is three, and the processing order This is a case where the integer k for selecting is decreased by one in order of 2, 1, 0.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the names of the respective processes are the first process # 1 in the lower part of the figure and the sixth process # 6 in the upper part of the figure. The lower part in the figure may be the sixth process # 6, and the upper part in the figure may be the first process # 1.

  Further, the generation of the stroke and the thrust of each divided ram 5 is performed by the rotation of the camshaft 12 having a plurality of eccentric cams 13, but the present invention is not limited to this, and by the rotation of the crankshaft having a plurality of crank arms. You may implement. In this embodiment, the power source for generating the thrust is driven by the belt drive of the electric motor 10. However, the power source is not limited to this and may be direct drive (direct movement) of the electric motor 10. Further, the driving is not limited to electric driving, and may be hydraulic driving.

  Next, the configuration of the divided ram 5 will be described. Here, the “divided ram” is different from a multi-stage horizontal forging device of a simultaneous forming method using a plurality of movable dies 6 and fixed dies 3 attached to a normal integral ram, and is based on a plurality of independent processing steps. It is a rectangular parallelepiped movable body in which the integral ram is divided in accordance with the number of steps so that it can be molded sequentially.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the split ram 5 is a rectangular parallelepiped metal member having a rectangular cross section whose dimension in the vertical direction is larger than that in the horizontal direction and whose length dimension in the longitudinal direction is further larger. And the same six as the number of steps are arranged in the frame 2 so that the longitudinal direction is horizontal and the vertical direction is vertical. At this time, the plurality of divided rams 5 are evenly arranged in the frame 2 such that the center lines P of the plurality of divided rams 5 and the center line Q of the frame 2 substantially coincide. That is, the arrangement of the plurality of divided rams 5 is not shifted to either one with respect to the center line Q of the frame 2. Accordingly, each of the divided rams 5 is assigned not only to the center line P but also to the center line Q of the frame 2 so that the same number of divided rams 5 are arranged symmetrically.

  Each divided ram 5 is provided with a space inside and accommodates a clamp mechanism (not shown) for coupling (clamping) the movable mold 6 to a predetermined position and a centering mechanism (not shown) for centering. It can be done. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each divided ram 5 is sandwiched between the frame 2 and the subframe 15 via guide members G provided at the upper and lower ends in the vertical direction. 5 is supported so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction.

  Here, the guide member G has the same function as a sliding member (liner) that supports sliding between a normal ram and a frame. Although the divided ram 5 makes it difficult to generate an uneven load by dividing, the rigidity of the divided ram 5 due to thinning and flattening due to the division is worried. The guide member G increases the rigidity of the divided ram 5 itself to completely prevent deformation due to an uneven load and uneven wear caused by this deformation, thereby suppressing the occurrence of play of each divided ram 5 and stable sliding. Is intended.

  As the guide member G employed in this embodiment, a linear bearing (not shown) is used. This linear bearing is called an “LM guide” composed of a steel ball (ball) that slides in the longitudinal direction and does not operate (displace) in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and a rail groove mechanism. This linear bearing has a structure in which a plurality of balls are held by a ball retainer and circulates between a load rolling groove portion and a no-load ball circulation portion of the rail groove mechanism, so that there is no mutual friction between the balls. Are uniformly aligned and move endlessly with high wear resistance and dynamic accuracy. The width dimension of the linear bearing is equal to or less than the width (thickness) of the flattened divided ram 5, and the length dimension in the longitudinal direction is longer than at least the reciprocable stroke of the divided ram 5, preferably the divided ram. 5 is equal to or greater than the longitudinal dimension value.

  In this embodiment, the assembly of the divided rams 5 and the guide members G arranged on the upper and lower ends can be performed very easily and reliably as described below since the frame 2 has a horizontal structure. Is. First, the guide member G and each divided ram 5 are combined in the frame 2 and inserted into the bottom surface in the frame 2. Thereafter, a guide member G having the same shape is arranged on the upper end of each divided ram 5, and the subframe 15 is covered from above, and the guide member G is fitted into the guide groove of the subframe 15 to perform positioning. These are fixed to the frame 2 with fixing bolts. That is, one-way assembly can be adopted from the upper opening of the horizontal frame 2, and each divided ram 5 can be held without play by simply sandwiching the guide member G in the vertical direction by the subframe 15 which is the final assembly member. Yes.

  As a result, the guide member G supports the upper and lower end portions of each divided ram 5 and guides only the movement of each divided ram 5 in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the guide member G is minimized without increasing the arrangement interval of the divided rams 5. The entire shape of the plurality of divided rams 5 can be made compact. Further, the divided rams 5 have increased rigidity, and it is possible to obtain stable movement without contact between the divided rams 5 without causing displacement (backlash) or deformation in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, since the upper opening of the frame 2 that supports the processing load of each mold is covered and fixed by the subframe 15, even if the through-hole Y is provided on the side wall of the frame 2, the rigidity of the frame 2 and Strength can be improved and the frame 2 can be reduced in size. Even if a large processing load or bending moment is generated, the frame 2 is not deformed to cause a problem.

  Next, the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 will be described. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the fixed mold 3 is replaceably attached to a knockout device 20 provided on the frame 2, and the movable mold 6 is attached to the tip of the split ram 5 at the ram block 19. It is mounted so that it can be exchanged through. Then, the workpiece is sandwiched between the pair of movable mold 6 and fixed mold 3 and forged to form a predetermined product shape.

  In the multi-stage horizontal die forging device 1 having a plurality of processing steps according to the present embodiment, the movable die 6 and the fixed die are fixed so that the die can be exchanged outside the frame 2 with good workability, not inside the narrow frame 2. The mold 3 is mounted via the split movable block 7 and the split fixed block 4. That is, after the movable mold 6 is assembled to the split movable block 7 outside the frame 2, the split movable block 7 is coupled to the split ram 5 inside the frame 2, and the fixed mold 3 is split outside the frame 2 into the split fixed block 4. After that, the divided fixed block 4 is coupled to the frame 2 via the knockout device 20 within the frame 2. At this time, each of the divided blocks 4 and 7 is provided with a clamping mechanism that can be easily coupled (clamped) to the frame 2 and the divided ram 5, respectively, so that the replacement at any time is simplified.

  In the present embodiment, since each process is a sequential forming system that is executed by the operation of each divided ram 5 independently, the divided movable block 7 has an outer shape that can be attached to each divided ram 5. Have. Therefore, the width of the split movable block 7 is at least smaller than the width of the split ram 5, and the height of the split movable block 7 has a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape that is at least smaller than the height of the split ram 5.

  Each of the rectangular parallelepiped divided movable blocks 7 is a hexahedron, the movable mold 6 is assembled on the front surface, and the movable mold 6 is moved on the back surface opposite to the front surface, that is, the coupling surface with the divided ram 5. Two bag-like rail grooves 21 having a structure that allows the movable movable block 7 to move only in the direction orthogonal to the direction and restricts the movable movable block 7 to move in the moving direction of the movable mold 6 are parallel to the horizontal direction. It is arranged. Thereby, the division movable block 7 at the time of metal mold | die exchange can be easily taken in / out by slide operation. Further, on both side surfaces of each divided movable block 7, connecting means R for connecting the adjacent ones to each other is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the connecting means R includes at least two bag-like rail grooves 17 continuous in the moving direction of the movable mold 6 on one of the adjacent side surfaces of the split movable block 7 and the other of the adjacent side surfaces. Further, at least two hooked pins 18 that are fitted in the bag-like rail groove 17 and slidably move in the groove are provided. The connecting means R allows relative movement in the moving direction of the movable mold 6 between adjacent movable movable blocks 7 but restricts movement in the direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the movable mold 6. It will be. That is, the adjacent movable movable blocks 7 are coupled to each other with respect to the acting force in the orthogonal direction and operate integrally.

  Accordingly, the divided movable blocks 7 can be taken out once without being removed one by one, but connected. Further, by reducing the width dimension of the divided movable block 7, the thermal expansion amount is reduced when a temperature change due to processing heat occurs, and the influence of the misalignment between the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 is reduced. It also has an effect.

  In addition, when the mold is replaced, the movable mold to be replaced is taken out against the gravity from the upper opening of the horizontal frame in the case of the conventional horizontal forging apparatus, and therefore is carried out using a transporting and moving device such as a hoist. There was a need. For this reason, it is necessary to arrange a transporting / moving device such as a hoist, and it is also necessary to take in and out the movable mold.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a through hole Y through which the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 can be taken in and out is provided on the side wall of the frame 2. The entire mold 6 can be pulled out in the horizontal direction manually, for example, without using a transporting and moving device such as a hoist. This manual pull-out is a state in which the split movable block 7 is coupled (clamped) by releasing the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic clamp device 8 to release the coupling with the split ram 5 and the released split movable block 7 is connected. Is to be integrally taken out from the through hole Y.

  At this time, the connected divided movable block 7 is guided by the movable block support base 22 or the bag-like rail groove 21 and is slid and mounted on the movable carriage having the same height as the through hole Y arranged outside the frame 2. Be replaced. Since the divided movable blocks 7 connected to each other are slidably moved, the operation can be easily performed by reducing the friction coefficient.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, each fixed mold 3 is fixed to the frame 2 via a divided fixed block 4 which is also divided into a predetermined number on the fixed mold 3 side. In a conventional multistage horizontal die forging apparatus, a fixed mold is generally mounted on an integral fixed block and fixed to a frame. That is, a plurality of fixing dies are inserted into insertion holes formed in a row in the lateral direction of the integral fixing block, and a plurality of processes are configured.

  Therefore, in the conventional multistage horizontal forging device, the temperature change on the fixed mold side due to the processing heat occurs at the start of operation and at the time of steady operation, and the mold temperature rises even if centering adjustment is performed before the start of operation. As a result, there may be a case where the movable mold and the fixed mold are misaligned due to thermal expansion of the mold, that is, the integrally fixed block. For this reason, conventionally, in order to maintain the accuracy after steady operation, centering adjustment at the start of operation is performed in consideration of misalignment of the temperature expansion, and then forging is performed until the temperature reaches the steady operation. It was common to obtain products with stable accuracy by repeating throwing away thousands of times. Therefore, the work disposal loss was very large.

  The divided fixed blocks 4 employed in the present embodiment are divided into the same number as the divided movable block 7, that is, the same six as the number of steps, or three divided into two adjacent steps. In FIG. 6, the case of the division | segmentation fixed block 4 divided | segmented into 3 by making 2 adjacent processes into 1 set is described. The three or six divided fixed blocks 4 are divided to eliminate the accumulation of displacement in the longitudinal direction of the integrally fixed block due to thermal expansion of the conventional integrally fixed block, and increase the number of divisions. In other words, the thermal expansion is reduced by reducing the total length of each of the divided fixed blocks 4, and further, the thermal expansions interfere with each other or accumulate by being separated from each other and arranged in a horizontal row. The effect of misalignment due to thermal expansion is reduced as much as possible.

  At this time, the divided fixed block 4 can distribute the thermal expansion to both sides of the mold center by matching the mold centers of the plurality of fixed molds 3 with the mold centers of the plurality of movable molds 6 facing each other. As a result, the influence of thermal expansion can be further reduced. Therefore, dividing the divided fixed block 4 into three or six can be used properly according to the degree of temperature rise and the degree of effect.

  Further, in the divided fixed block 4 divided into three or six, like the movable movable block 7, a connecting means comprising a bag-like rail groove 17 and a hooked pin 18 on the side surface of each divided fixed block 4. R is attached. Thereby, at the time of metal mold | die replacement | exchange, three or six can connect and the fixed mold 3 and the division | segmentation fixed block 4 can be taken out integrally. Moreover, similarly to the split movable block 7, it can be slid laterally from the through hole Y and can be easily taken out manually, for example.

  And after exchanging a metal mold | die, assembly | attachment is performed in the reverse procedure to the above-mentioned extraction procedure, and metal mold | die exchange is completed. Then, each time replacement is performed, centering adjustment for aligning the axis of each movable mold 6 and each fixed mold 3 and stroke adjustment in the moving direction of the movable mold 6 are performed. Since the centering and stroke adjusting methods often employ automatic adjusting means, they are not particularly different from conventional ones and will not be described in detail. As a result, it is possible to simplify the die exchange facility and greatly reduce the number of replacement man-hours.

[Operation of Example 1]
Next, the operation of the multistage horizontal forging device 1 of this embodiment will be described. First, the operation during normal product processing will be described. When the drive motor 10 is operated, the pulley 11 is rotated via the belt, and the cam shaft 12 directly connected to the pulley 11 is rotated. As the cam shaft 12 rotates, the eccentric cam 13 rotates, and the rotation of the eccentric cam 13 causes a stroke and a thrust in the connecting rod 14. The split ram 5 receives this stroke and thrust, and the split ram 5 moves toward the fixed mold 3, and the workpiece supplied between the movable mold 6 mounted on the split ram 5 and the fixed mold 3. Process. At this time, a processing load is generated in the fixed mold 3, and the processing load is supported by the frame 2.

  At this time, in the present embodiment, since the symmetrical steps are simultaneously formed and each set of the symmetrical steps is sequentially formed at different timings, first, the first step # 1 and the first step The first set of 6 steps # 6 is simultaneously operated, and the workpiece is processed following the mold shapes of the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3. Next, the second set of the second step # 2 and the fifth step # 5 is simultaneously operated with a predetermined time difference, and the workpiece is processed following the mold shapes of the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3. Then, the third set of the third step # 3 and the fourth step # 4 is simultaneously operated with a predetermined time difference, and the workpiece is processed following the mold shapes of the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3. Thereby, one cycle of forging is performed by one rotation of the cam shaft 12, and the workpiece is forged into a predetermined product shape.

  At this time, the transfer of the workpiece to each process is quickly performed in conjunction with each process within the time difference between the operation timings of the first to third groups. That is, before finishing the operation of the first set and starting the operation of the second set, the workpiece in the first step # 1 is transferred to the second step # 2, and the workpiece in the sixth step # 6 is transferred to the removal step. . Before the third set operation is started after finishing the second set operation, the work in the second step # 2 goes to the third step # 3, and the work in the fifth step # 5 goes to the sixth step # 6. It is transferred to. In addition, before the first set operation of the next cycle is started after finishing the third set operation, the work in the third step # 3 goes to the fourth step # 4, and the work in the fourth step # 4 takes the fifth step. Transferred to step # 5. Then, by repeating this for each cycle of forging, the transferred workpieces are sequentially processed by the first to third groups of operations in the next cycle. The work supply in the first step # 1 is supplied to the first step # 1 before the first set of operations in the next cycle starts. At this time, the frame 2 is subjected to high-precision forging without causing a bending moment or an offset load.

  Next, the effect | action at the time of metal mold | die replacement | exchange work is demonstrated. For changing the mold when the product shape of the target product changes, after the operation of the multistage horizontal forging device 1 is stopped, for example, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic clamp device 8 is released to release the clamp of the die. After that, the divided movable blocks 7 and the divided fixed blocks 4 loosened by releasing the clamp are taken out from the through holes Y in the horizontal direction.

  At this time, since each divided movable block 7 and each divided fixed block 4 are connected to each other in the lateral direction (horizontal direction) by the connecting means R, the bag-shaped rail groove 21 or the movable block support base 22 is integrally formed. It can be taken out at one time while sliding.

  Then, after each divided movable block 7 and each divided fixed block 4 are placed on the moving carriage, and replaced with a new mold on the carriage, each divided movable block 7 and The divided fixing blocks 4 are integrally pushed from the through hole Y in one horizontal direction while being connected. Then, it is guided on the bag-like rail groove 21 or the movable block support base 22 and incorporated at a predetermined position. Each of the divided movable blocks 7 and each of the divided fixed blocks 4 is clamped at a predetermined position and fixed through a centering alignment operation.

  As a result, it is possible to carry out an operation of molding products having different shapes. At this time, the mold replacement in the present embodiment can be carried out significantly easily and quickly.

[Effect of Example 1]
In this embodiment, the processing load generated in the multistage horizontal forging device 1 during the forging operation is dispersed by shifting the processing timing by the above configuration and operation, greatly reducing and simultaneously processing symmetrical steps. Therefore, the working load is balanced and the generation of the bending moment of the frame 2 that supports the working load is suppressed. Thereby, neither the bending deformation of the frame 2 due to the bending moment nor the uneven load of the split ram 5 due to the reaction force of the processing load occurs. Therefore, the misalignment between the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 can be suppressed, the processing accuracy can be prevented from being lowered, and the equipment size can be reduced.

Further, the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 3 are coupled to the divided ram 5 and the frame 2 via the divided movable block 7 and the divided fixed block 4 which are divided for each process or predetermined process group, respectively. 4 and 7 are provided with connecting means R for connecting the lateral directions to each other. Therefore, each of the divided blocks 4 and 7 can reduce the amount of thermal expansion due to a temperature change, and therefore can suppress high misalignment and maintain high machining accuracy. In addition, since each of the divided blocks 4 and 7 can be connected and removed from the through-hole Y provided in the frame 2 in the horizontal direction once in a connected state, simplification of the mold exchange facility and a drastic reduction in the man-hour for replacement Is possible.
As described above, it is possible to provide an inexpensive multi-stage horizontal forging device 1 with reduced equipment costs and reduced processing costs.

[Modification 1]
In the first embodiment, each movable ram 6 is coupled to each divided ram 5 via a divided movable block 7, and the fixed metal is connected to the frame 2 via a plurality of (three or six) divided fixed blocks 4. The mold 3 was joined to provide a plurality of independent processing steps. By setting the small fixed blocks 4 and separating the divided fixed blocks 4 in a horizontal row, each of the fixed blocks 4 due to the temperature rise until the steady operation after the start of operation. The absolute amount of thermal expansion was reduced, the accumulation of thermal expansion of each of the divided fixed blocks 4 was canceled, and the decrease in accuracy due to misalignment between each movable mold 6 and fixed mold 3 was suppressed.

  This modification is not limited to this, and even if it is an integrated fixed block without adopting a divided fixed block, the temperature change that occurs in the integrated fixed block is reduced to suppress thermal expansion, and to prevent misalignment that causes a decrease in accuracy. It will prevent it from happening. For this purpose, the mold temperature at the start of operation is preliminarily adjusted to the mold temperature during steady operation, and centering is performed in consideration of the thermal expansion allowance of the increased temperature. Good quality products can be manufactured from the start of operation without hitting.

  Therefore, for example, an electric heater or a fluid heater is provided in the fixed block and controlled to a predetermined temperature by an electric circuit or a fluid circuit, or a predetermined temperature is controlled by a self-temperature control function of the heater element itself. You may make it control to fixed temperature. Moreover, when the division | segmentation fixed block 4 employ | adopted in Example 1 cannot take many divisions, you may use together the heating adjustment of this modification for every division | segmentation fixed block 4 divided | segmented.

[Modification 2]
In Example 1, when a workpiece is completed as a product in all six steps, that is, in the case of an even number of steps, a set of two steps that are symmetrical to each other and are arranged in the same number on the left and right, Three sets, which are half of all the processes, are configured, two sets of symmetrical processes are operated simultaneously, and three sets are operated in sequence from the first set to the third set at different processing timings, and a predetermined product Forged into shape.

  Without being limited to the first embodiment, when a workpiece is completed as a product in all five steps or all seven steps, that is, in a case of an odd number of steps, a set of two steps that are symmetrical, When a plurality of sets are configured, two symmetrical processes for each set may be operated at the same time, and each of the plurality of sets may be operated in an arbitrary order to be forged into a predetermined product shape.

For example, when a product is completed by an odd number of all 5 steps of n = 5, the two divided rams 5 that are symmetric with respect to the center line P for distributing the odd number of divided rams 5 to the same number left and right symmetrically, that is, When two symmetric processes are set as one set, an odd number (5) is obtained by subtracting 1 from the number (4), a half set (2 sets) and a set consisting of one intermediate process. It is formed. This one intermediate process is always a machining process at a position that coincides with the distribution center line P of the odd (5) divided rams 5.

  This intermediate step is a step that operates on the center line P of the odd number of divided rams 5, and the point of action of the machining load is on the center line P. Therefore, the processing load generated in the intermediate process does not generate a bending moment with respect to the load support portion of the frame 2. In other words, the working point of the machining load is not distributed to the symmetrical position to achieve the balance, but the working point of the machining load is operated on the center line P to achieve the balance, which is the same as in the case of an even number of processes. An effect can be obtained.

  As in the first embodiment, the multistage horizontal forging device 1 employed in this modification includes a plurality of processing stages for forging a workpiece in the frame 2 and sequentially processing the workpiece at each processing stage. In this configuration, the product is forged into a product shape. The difference is when the number of machining stages is an odd number. Here, when the number of machining stages is n and n is an odd number of 3 or more, numbers from 1 to n are sequentially assigned to the machining stages forming the first process from the machining stages forming the first process. The driving means operates by sequentially driving the respective divided rams 5 of the n machining stages in accordance with the following conditions.

Condition 4: When one integer selected from an integer group of 0 or more and (n−1) / 2 or less is k, the {(n + 1) / 2−k} -th machining stage divided ram 5 and {( The divided ram 5 of the (n + 1) / 2 + k} -th machining stage is driven simultaneously. When k = 0, only the divided ram 5 of the (n + 1) / 2nd machining stage is driven.
Condition 5: After driving one or two divided rams 5 according to condition 4, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and one or two different divided rams 5 according to condition 4 Drive.
Condition 6: By following the conditions 4 and 5, all the divided rams 5 are sequentially driven so that all the integers included in the integer group are selected once in an arbitrary order.

  Thereby, even if it is forge forming of a plurality of steps consisting of an odd number of processing stages, a plurality of sets of two sets of symmetrical steps and a set of one intermediate step are formed. The two processes in the same group are simultaneously operated to balance the machining load, and one group of intermediate processes can act on the center line P to balance the machining load, which is the same as in the first embodiment. An effect can be produced. In addition, since a plurality of sets of two symmetrical sets and intermediate sets can be operated sequentially with a processing time difference in an arbitrary order, adjustment of processing load fluctuation and processing in one processing cycle It becomes easy to adjust the shortening of the timing, and as a result, a suitable high-speed molding machine is easily obtained.

1 Multi-stage horizontal die forging device 2 Frame 3 Fixed die (die)
4 Split fixed block 5 Split ram (movable body, ram)
6 Movable mold (mold)
7 Dividing movable block G Guide member R Connection means Y Through hole

Claims (7)

In a multi-stage horizontal forging device that includes a plurality of processing steps for forging a workpiece in a frame, and forging the workpiece into a predetermined product shape by processing the workpiece in each processing step,
Each said processing stage is
A fixed mold fixed to the frame;
A movable body that moves toward the fixed mold;
A movable mold attached to the tip of the movable body,
The movable body is driven and moved by a driving means, so that the workpiece is sandwiched between the fixed mold and the movable mold, and forged.
The plurality of processing stages are arranged so that all the fixed dies are arranged in a horizontal row on the left and right, all the movable dies move in the same direction, and all the movable bodies are parallel to each other. Are arranged so that
When the number of the processing steps is n, and numbers from 1 to n are sequentially assigned to the processing steps on the right end from the processing steps on the left end,
The multi-stage horizontal forging device, wherein the driving means sequentially drives the movable bodies of the n processing stages according to the following conditions.
1) When n is an even number of 2 or more,
Condition 1-1: where k is one integer selected from an integer group of 0 or more and (n / 2-1) or less, the movable body of the (n / 2-k) -th processing stage; The movable body of the (n / 2 + 1 + k) th processing stage is simultaneously driven.
Condition 1-2: After driving the two movable bodies according to the condition 1-1, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and two different according to the condition 1-1 The movable body is driven.
Condition 1-3: By following the conditions 1-1 and 1-2, all the movable bodies are sequentially driven so as to select all the integers included in the integer group only once in an arbitrary order. To do.
2) When n is an odd number of 3 or more,
Condition 2-1 When k is one integer selected from an integer group of 0 or more and (n−1) / 2 or less, the movable body of the {(n + 1) / 2−k} -th processing stage and , {(N + 1) / 2 + k} and the movable body of the machining stage are simultaneously driven. When k = 0, only the movable body of the (n + 1) / 2nd processing stage is driven.
Condition 2-2: After driving one or two movable bodies according to the condition 2-1, an integer different from the integer selected immediately before is selected from the integer group as k, and according to the condition 2-1. One or two different movable bodies are driven.
Condition 2-3: By following the conditions 2-1 and 2-2, all the movable bodies are sequentially driven so that all the integers included in the integer group are selected only once in an arbitrary order. To do. In the multistage horizontal forging device according to claim 1,
Each of the movable bodies is sandwiched between the frames via a guide member that guides the movable bodies only in the moving direction. In the multistage type horizontal forging device according to claim 1 or 2,
A split movable block is provided between the movable mold and the movable body,
The divided movable blocks are connected to each other by connecting means,
The multi-stage horizontal forging device characterized in that the connecting means allows the divided movable block to move in a moving direction and couples the divided movable block in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction. In the multistage horizontal forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A multistage horizontal forging device, wherein at least one through-hole through which the movable mold and the fixed mold can be taken in and out is provided on a side wall of the frame. In the multistage horizontal forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Each processing stage or two adjacent processing stages are set as one set,
A split fixing block is provided between the fixed mold and the frame of the processing stage for each set,
Each of the divided fixed blocks is mounted so that the mold center of the fixed mold and the mold center of the movable mold facing each other substantially coincide with each other. In the multistage horizontal forging device according to claim 5,
The divided fixed blocks are connected to each other by connecting means,
The connecting means allows the divided fixed block to move to the movable mold side, and couples the divided fixed block in a direction orthogonal to a direction to move to the movable mold side. Type horizontal forging equipment. In the multistage horizontal forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A fixed block is provided between the fixed mold and the frame,
The multi-stage horizontal forging device is characterized in that the fixed block is heated and adjusted in advance to a predetermined temperature before starting operation.

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