JP2011197399A - Tone control signal generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve performance expressing power using the occurrence of chattering for tone control.SOLUTION: On-velocity Von is calculated when the event data ev occurs in order of B ON →C ON from the same operation sensor 21, and this and note data Note in the latest event (C ON) are associated with each other and stored as preparing data. After C ON, a performance signal of the note-on about the preparing data after a lapse of a predetermined time tm is generated with the note data Note and on-velocity Von. When the latest event (C OFF) occurs, the occurrence of chattering is determined when preparing data having the same note data Note as those of the latest event. Then, when the Von value in the preparing data is a threshold Vx or larger, an addition value Vα is added to it to be updated, and the performance signal of the note-on is generated with a new Von value and note data Note.

Description

  The present invention relates to a musical tone control signal generating apparatus that detects an operation of a performance operator and generates a musical tone control signal.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a musical sound control signal generating device that detects an on operation of a performance operator and generates a musical sound control signal such as a note-on signal is known. At that time, parameters such as volume in the musical tone control signal are also controlled in accordance with the performance operation. For example, in a keyboard instrument, a contact time difference sensor is provided to detect on-velocity and reflect it in the volume.

  However, since the pulse interval for obtaining the time difference is usually constant, the detected on-velocity value does not change much (saturation of the detected value) when a certain key-pressing strength is exceeded. Therefore, there is a limitation in expressive power.

  Further, as shown in Patent Document 1 below, as a key playing method of a keyboard instrument, a “standard playing method” in which a finger is pressed down and pressed from a position away from the upper side, and a key is pressed from a state where the finger is touched to the key. It is known as a “push-and-play method” that starts a song. If the performance style is different, the player's intention is different, but if the detected on-velocity is the same value, the difference is not reflected in the characteristics of the generated musical sound. Therefore, in Patent Document 1 described below, a performance style is determined and musical tone control is performed according to the performance style.

  By the way, in general, mechanical chattering that is repeatedly turned on and off in an extremely short time occurs in a mechanical switch, and chattering may occur due to a factor on the detection circuit side.

  In view of this, a musical sound control signal generating apparatus that avoids the influence of chattering on musical sound control has been studied, and such an apparatus is already known. For example, in the device of Patent Document 2 below, when a switch is detected to be on, even if the switch is turned off within the chattering threshold range, it is ignored. Further, in the device of Patent Document 3 below, a change in the key state signal generated based on the operating state of the key switch element is prohibited for a certain time (chattering mask time) after the operation of the key switch element is operated.

Japanese Patent No. 3561947 JP 2002-244661 A Japanese Patent No. 2674264

  However, the apparatus of Patent Document 1 uses complicated on-velocity and after-touch sensor detection values for rendition style determination, so that control is complicated. Further, removal of chattering of the sensor is not considered.

  By the way, it can be understood that a performance operation that causes chattering is an intention of a strong operation exceeding the detected maximum velocity. Alternatively, it can be understood that the sound generation timing is different. It is desirable that the player's intention is reflected in the control of musical tone control as much as possible. By the way, chattering is not limited to keyboard instruments, but may occur in other instruments such as electronic percussion instruments.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a musical tone control signal generating apparatus that can enhance performance expression by using chattering for musical tone control. It is in.

  In order to achieve the above object, a musical tone control signal generating apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a performance operator (1) for performing a performance operation, and an operation sensor (21) for detecting on and off operations of the performance operator. ), Chattering determination means (5) for determining whether or not chattering has occurred during the on-operation of the motion sensor, and signal generation for generating a musical sound control signal on condition that the on-motion is detected by the motion sensor Means (5), and when the chattering determination means determines that chattering is present, the signal generation means performs a musical tone parameter (Von) in a musical tone control signal to be generated in contrast to the case where chattering is not determined. It is characterized by changing.

  Preferably, the chattering determining unit determines that chattering is present only when an off operation is detected within a predetermined time (tm) after the performance sensor detects the on operation of the performance operator. 2).

  Preferably, the signal generating means controls the musical sound when the predetermined time has elapsed without the chattering determining means determining that chattering is present after the performance sensor detects that the performance operator is turned on. A signal is generated (claim 3).

  Preferably, when the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present, the signal generation unit generates the musical tone control signal regardless of the elapse of the predetermined time.

  Preferably, the signal generation unit generates the musical tone control signal after the predetermined time has elapsed even when the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present (claim 5).

  Preferably, when the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present, the signal generation unit increases an on-velocity value as a musical sound parameter in the musical sound control signal to be generated, compared to the case where chattering is not determined. (Claim 6).

  Preferably, the motion sensor detects on-velocity when detecting the on-motion of the performance operator, and the signal generating means detects the on-velocity detected by the motion sensor when it is not determined that chattering is present. In addition, when applied as on-velocity in the generated tone control signal, if it is determined that chattering is present, a value obtained by adding a predetermined value (Vα) to the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor is generated. It is applied as on-velocity in the musical tone control signal.

  Preferably, the signal generation means sets the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor only when it is determined that chattering is present and the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor is equal to or greater than a threshold value (Vx). A value obtained by adding the predetermined value is applied as on-velocity in the generated tone control signal.

  In order to achieve the above object, a musical tone control signal generating apparatus according to claim 9 of the present invention comprises a performance operator (1) for performing a performance operation, and an operation sensor (21) for detecting on and off operations of the performance operator. ), Chattering determination means (5) for determining whether or not chattering has occurred during the on-operation of the motion sensor, and a sound generation instruction signal for instructing the generation of a musical tone on the condition that the on-motion is detected by the motion sensor Signal generation means (5) for generating the sound generation instruction signal when the chattering determination means determines that chattering is present and does not determine that chattering is present. It is characterized in that the timing is advanced.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the said parenthesis is an illustration.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to change musical tone parameters depending on the presence or absence of chattering, and use the occurrence of chattering for musical tone control to enhance performance expression.

  According to the second aspect, the chattering determination process is simple.

  According to the third aspect, it is possible to prevent the musical sound control from being delayed too much when chattering does not occur.

  According to the fourth aspect, the stronger the operation, the faster the pronunciation, the sounding timing can be changed according to the playing style, and the performance expression is enhanced.

  According to the fifth aspect, it is possible to eliminate a difference in sound generation timing due to the strength of the operation.

  According to the sixth and seventh aspects, it is possible to perform volume increase control according to a stronger operation than a strong operation, and to enhance performance expression. For example, with a keyboard instrument, the volume difference between the standard playing method and the playing method can be increased.

  According to the eighth aspect, the volume increase control can be reliably performed only at the time of a truly strong operation.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to change the sound generation timing depending on the presence or absence of chattering, and use the occurrence of chattering for musical tone control to enhance performance expression.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the electronic keyboard musical instrument to which the musical tone control signal generation apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is applied. It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship between the operation state of a performance operator and a motion sensor, and is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a motion sensor. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a push-and-release operation and a switch operation related to one performance operator, and a conceptual diagram showing an example of an event history stored in an event sequence register. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of a main routine. It is a flowchart of the performance signal generation process performed by step S103 of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the motion sensor of a modification. It is an external view and a partial sectional view of an electronic percussion instrument to which a musical tone control signal generation device is applied. 6 is a flowchart of performance signal generation processing executed in step S103 of FIG. 4 in an electronic keyboard instrument to which a musical tone control signal generation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 9 is a flowchart continued from FIG. 8. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an electronic keyboard instrument to which a musical tone control signal generating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  The keyboard instrument includes a key interface 3, a detection circuit 4, a ROM 6, a RAM 7, a timer 8, a display device 9, an external storage device 10, an interface (I / F) 11, a tone generator circuit 13, and an effect circuit 14 via a bus 16. Are connected to the CPU 5 respectively.

  In addition, the sensor unit 20 is connected to the key interface 3. The sensor unit 20 detects an operation of the keyboard KB. The keyboard KB includes a plurality of performance operators 1 (white key 1W, black key 1B), and the sensor unit 20 includes a plurality of motion sensors 21 corresponding to each performance operator 1.

  A setting operator 2 for inputting various information is connected to the detection circuit 4. The display device 9 displays various information such as musical scores and characters. A timer 8 is connected to the CPU 5. The I / F 11 includes a MID II / F and a communication I / F, and enables communication with other MIDI devices and server computers. A sound system 15 is connected to the sound source circuit 13 via an effect circuit 14.

  The detection result of the sensor unit 20 is supplied to the CPU 5 via the key interface 3. The detection circuit 4 detects the operation state of the setting operator 2. The CPU 5 controls the entire apparatus. The ROM 6 stores a control program executed by the CPU 5, various table data, and the like. The RAM 7 temporarily stores various input information such as performance data and text data, various flags, buffer data, calculation results, and the like. The timer 8 measures the interrupt time and various times in the timer interrupt process. The external storage device 10 stores various application programs including the control program, various music data, various data, and the like.

  The tone generator circuit 13 converts the performance data input from the performance operator 1 or the set performance data into a musical sound signal. The effect circuit 14 gives various effects to the musical sound signal input from the sound source circuit 13, and the sound system 15 such as a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), an amplifier, and a speaker performs the musical sound signal input from the effect circuit 14. To sound.

  FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the operation state of the performance operator 1 and the motion sensor 21. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the motion sensor 21. The performance operator 1 corresponds to the white key 1W or the black key 1B on the keyboard. Hereinafter, when the white key 1W and the black key 1B are not distinguished from each other, the name “performance operator 1” is used.

  The performance operators 1 are each arranged so as to swing up and down by a push-and-release operation, and are arranged in parallel in the order of the pitches in charge. The motion sensor 21 is provided corresponding to each performance operator 1 and is disposed below the corresponding performance operator 1. The motion sensor 21 is a three-make switch having three switches sw provided for detection at different detection positions in the displacement stroke of the performance operator 1. The switch sw includes a first switch swA composed of the fixed contact 23 and the movable contact 22, a second switch swB composed of the fixed contact 25 and the movable contact 24, and a third switch swC composed of the fixed contact 27 and the movable contact 26. It is. The fixed contact and the movable contact that face each other come into contact with each other and are turned on (make).

  When the corresponding performance operator 1 is pressed, the upper surface 21a of the motion sensor 21 is pressed by the actuator section of the performance operator 1 (or the lower surface 1a of the performance operator 1) from the initial state shown in FIG. The first switch swA, the second switch swB, and the third switch swC are turned on in this order. When the performance operator 1 is released, the third switch swC, the second switch swB, and the first switch swA are turned off in this order due to the elasticity of the motion sensor 21 and return to the initial state.

  FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a push / release operation and the operation of the switch sw with respect to one performance operator 1. Each performance operator 1 and the operation of the switch sw corresponding thereto are common.

  The performance operator 1 has a displacement stroke from the initial position on the shallow side to the push-off position on the deep side. The forward stroke is a stroke that is displaced in the forward direction from the initial position to the push-off position by the pressing operation, and the backward stroke is a stroke that is displaced in the backward direction from the push-off position to the initial position by the release operation. Although not shown, the performance operator 1 is always urged in the backward direction by a spring or the like, and the initial position and the push-off position are regulated by key stoppers, respectively.

  Instead of providing a spring for biasing the performance operator 1 in the backward direction, the performance operator 1 is biased by the repulsive force of the outer elastic bulging portion 21b of the motion sensor 21 (FIG. 2B). You may make it do. Further, without the key stopper, the keying end position of the performance operator 1 is restricted because the outer elastic bulging portion 21b and the inner bulging portion 21c (FIG. 2B) are both displaced to the lowest position. You may be made to do.

  Each switch sw generates an on event (forward operation event) when it transitions from the off state to the on state, and generates an off event (return operation event) when it transitions from the on state to the off state. In the key pressing forward process, since the movement of the performance operator 1 in the forward direction is detected in order from the shallowest switch sw, events A, B, and C are generated. In the backward stroke, since the movement of the performance operator 1 in the backward direction is detected in order from the deeper switch sw, C-off, B-off, and A-off occur as events.

  In this way, in the reciprocating stroke when the performance operator 1 is operated so as to be temporarily displaced from the initial position to the push-off position and then returned to the initial position, the event generation order is A on → B on → C on. → C off → B off → A off. However, chattering may occur for various reasons in an actual traveling operation. For example, C-on may occur again immediately after C-off. In this embodiment, C-on is a sound generation condition and A-off is a mute condition. However, even if actual chattering occurs, chattering is substantially prevented so that it does not affect the tone control. Process as if it did not occur (removal of chattering). In addition, chattering is likely to occur in the configuration without the spring and key stopper as described above, but in this configuration as well, control is performed so that chattering does not interfere with proper sound generation. can do.

  FIG. 3B is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an event history stored in the event sequence register. An event sequence register (hereinafter referred to as “ev register”) is constructed in the RAM 7 and event data is a history of event data ev stored in chronological order. The event data ev is held within a predetermined storage capacity range, and is erased in order from the oldest when the storage capacity becomes full. The left side of FIG. 3B is the latest event data ev.

  The event data ev includes an event type K, note data Note, and time data T. The note data Note is information for specifying each of the plurality of performance operators 1, and since the performance operator 1 is a key in the present embodiment, it is also information for specifying the pitch. The event type K is information indicating from which switch sw an event has occurred and is an on event or an off event. The time data T is time information indicating the occurrence time of each event. For example, T1 is older than T8. Since the time data T is grasped by the timing of the timer 8, the event data ev is actually generated by the cooperation of the motion sensor 21, the CPU 5 and the timer 8.

  Note that the time data T does not necessarily have to be the current absolute time, as long as the occurrence time of each event can be substantially grasped, and is grasped from the relative elapsed time from a specific time such as the start of key pressing. It may be time information. Alternatively, time information obtained from the time interval between adjacent events may be used.

  As an example, let us consider a case where the performance operator 1 whose pitch (pitch name) is E さ れ 4 is pressed and released and chattering occurs in the third switch swC. As shown in FIG. 3B, event data ev4 that is C-on occurs immediately after event data ev3 that is C-off. However, in the present embodiment, a note-on performance signal is generated by the event data ev2 that is C-on generated immediately after the event data ev1 that is B-on, and is controlled to sound by a process that will be described later. No sound is produced by the event data ev4.

  By the way, there are cases where two or more performance operators 1 are in an operation state at the same time. In this case, event data ev generated by each motion sensor 21 is mixed in time series in the event history. . Which performance operator 1 is associated with event data ev is distinguished by note data Note as described above.

  When the C-on event data ev is generated, the CPU 5 stores the event data ev having the same note data Note as the event data ev and the event data ev stored immediately before that time is the B-on event data ev. Only in some cases, a note-on performance signal is generated. Further, the on-velocity is determined from the time difference between the B-on event data ev and the C-on event data ev that are the same in the note data Note and are temporally adjacent to each other.

  Also, when A-off event data ev occurs, event data ev that has the same note data Note as the event data ev and that is stored immediately before that time is B-off event data ev. Only, a note-off performance signal is generated. Further, the off-velocity is determined from the occurrence time difference between the B-off event data ev and the A-off event data ev that are the same in the note data Note and are temporally adjacent.

  Hereinafter, these processes will be described with reference to flowcharts. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the main routine. This routine is executed by the CPU 5, and is started when the power of the musical instrument is turned on.

  First, initialization is executed, that is, execution of a predetermined program is started, and initial values are set in various registers such as the RAM 7 to perform initial setting (step S101). Next, panel processing is executed, that is, the operation of the setting operator 2 is accepted, and an instruction for setting the device such as timbre and effect is executed (step S102). Next, a performance signal generation process (FIG. 5) is executed (step S103). And a musical tone process is performed (step S104). That is, the set effect process is added to the performance signal generated in step S103, and the amplified signal is amplified and output. Thereafter, the process returns to step S102.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the performance signal generation process executed in step S103 of FIG. First, all the motion sensors 21 in the sensor unit 20 are scanned (step S201). Next, as a result of the scan, it is determined whether or not an on / off operation is detected by any switch sw of any of the motion sensors 21 (step S202). Then, event data ev determined from the switch sw of the motion sensor 21 in which the motion is detected, the detected motion direction, and the detected time are taken into the ev register (step S203) (see FIG. 3B).

  Next, it is determined whether or not the event type K of the latest event (event data ev most recently stored in the ev register) is “C on” (step S204). It is determined whether or not the event type K is “A off” (step S209).

  If the event type K of the latest event is C-on as a result of the determination in step S204, event data ev having the same note data Note as that of the latest event is searched from the ev register (step S205). If the searched event data ev exists, the latest one, that is, the event data ev immediately before the latest event (C on) is specified from the time data T. Then, it is determined whether or not the event type K of the identified event data ev is “B ON” (step S206).

  If the event type K of the immediately preceding event data ev is not B-on as a result of the determination, this routine is terminated. In this case, no note-on performance signal is generated. On the other hand, if B is ON, the difference between the B ON time data T (T3 in FIG. 3 (b)) and the latest event (C ON) time data T (T4 in FIG. 3 (b)) On-velocity Von is calculated (step S207). On-velocity Von is proportional to the reciprocal of the time difference.

  Next, a note-on performance signal corresponding to the latest event (C-on) is generated (step S208), and this routine is terminated. In this note-on performance signal, the pitch (pitch) is defined by the note data Note in the latest event (C on), and the on velocity Von is the value calculated in step S207. According to the performance signal generated here, sound generation processing is performed in step S104 of FIG.

  If the event type K of the latest event is “A off” as a result of the determination in step S209, event data ev having the same note data Note as that of the latest event is searched from the ev register (step S210). . Then, it is determined whether or not the latest event data ev searched for, that is, the event type K of the event data ev immediately before the latest event (A off) is “B off” (step S211). .

  As a result of the determination, if the event type K of the immediately preceding event data ev is not B-off, this routine is terminated. In this case, no note-off performance signal is generated. On the other hand, if B is off, off-velocity Voff is calculated from the difference in time data T between the B-off and the latest event (A-off) (step S212). The off velocity Voff is proportional to the reciprocal of the time difference. Next, a note-off performance signal corresponding to the latest event (A-off) is generated (step S213), and this routine is terminated. In this note-off performance signal, the pitch (pitch) is defined by the note data Note in the latest event (A off), and the off velocity Voff is the value calculated in step S212. In accordance with the performance signal generated here, mute processing is performed in step S104 of FIG.

  In the same motion sensor 21, when B is turned off and B is turned on and C is turned on after B is turned off, the sound that has already been subjected to the sound generation process is re-sound. In this case, in step S208, after the sound that has already been sounded is silenced (note-off performance signal generation), the sound generation processing (note-on performance signal generation) is performed again. Good.

  According to the present embodiment, a note-on performance signal is generated from the same motion sensor 21 only when the event data ev is generated in the order of B on → C on. Otherwise, for example, C off → C on If they occur in this order, a performance signal is not generated. As a result, even if C on and C off are repeated, the sound is not repeated at a very short time interval. Therefore, the effect of chattering when C is on is substantially avoided. In addition, since there is no need to provide a waiting time such as a chattering mask period, there is no delay in musical tone generation. In addition, when C-on occurs, it is sufficient to determine whether or not B-on is immediately before, so control processing for removing chattering is not complicated. In addition, the same processing is applied to note-off to substantially avoid the influence of chattering at the time of A-off. Therefore, the influence of chattering can be avoided with a simple process while suppressing the delay of the musical tone control. In the present embodiment, since the contact time difference is the basis for velocity detection, even if chattering occurs, there is no extremely short B-on → C-on. There is no problem with volume.

  Also in the calculation of velocity, on-velocity and off-velocity are calculated from the occurrence time difference only when event data ev is generated in the order of B on → C on and B off → A off. Can be determined accurately.

  In the present embodiment, the 3-make type is exemplified as the motion sensor 21. However, from the viewpoint of avoiding the influence of chattering, a minimum 2-make type (only the first switch swA and the second switch swB) may be used. In that case, note-on and note-off performance signals are generated only when event data ev is generated in the order of A on → B on and B off → A off. Therefore, for example, note-on performance signals are not generated by B-on event data ev generated in the order of B-off → B-on. Also, a note-off performance signal is not generated by A-off event data ev generated in the order of A-on → A-off.

  Further, the motion sensor 21 may have a configuration of a 4-make type or more. Even in such a case, the switch sw for which chattering is to be removed with respect to the ON event is regarded as the deepest switch sw, and control may be performed so as to ignore the event generated from the switch sw existing on the deeper side. For the off event, the switch sw for which chattering is to be removed may be regarded as the shallowest switch sw, and an event generated from the switch sw existing on the shallower side may be controlled to be ignored. Thus, even if the number of switches sw increases depending on the model, chattering at a desired location can be substantially removed by the control process, and thus the degree of freedom of the motion sensor 21 is high.

  Eventually, the events generated from the motion sensors 21 corresponding to the same performance operator 1 are determined as targets, and the event stored immediately before the “predetermined event” occurs at the “predetermined detection position” is the event. The performance signal may be generated only when it is the previous event in the generation order. For example, the position of the switch sw from which chattering is to be removed may be set as a “predetermined detection position”, and an event related to chattering (on or off) may be set as a “predetermined event”.

  In addition, the program can be applied not only to remove chattering at two locations, note-on and note-off, but also to remove chattering at three or more locations, and can be easily expanded. Conversely, note-off chattering removal processing can be abolished and simplified. Therefore, the degree of freedom in design is high from the viewpoint of software.

  Moreover, what uses the effect of chattering removal is not limited to note-on, note-off, and velocity. That is, a signal generated by applying chattering removal is not limited to a note-on or note-off performance signal, and can be applied to various musical tone control signals. For example, it can be applied to after-control, and may be a parameter for controlling timbre or musical tone characteristics.

  In the present embodiment, a contact-type configuration is adopted as the motion sensor 21. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the motion and its direction are detected at a plurality of different positions (detection positions) in the displacement stroke of the performance operator 1. Any detection means having a configuration capable of sensing the entire process, such as an optical detection means (photo sensor or the like) may be used.

  In this case, for example, a shutter member having a gray scale is fixed to a displacement member such as a performance operator 1 or a hammer linked thereto, and light emitted from the light emitting unit passes (or reflects) the light from the light emitting unit and is received by the light receiving unit. It is set as the structure which detects the change of the emitted light quantity. Then, at each of the plurality of detection positions, the movement of the displacement member is detected from the change in the detected light quantity, and an event corresponding to the detected movement is generated. A configuration in which a change in light amount is detected linearly and an event is generated with reference to a table may be used.

  Further, the switch corresponding to each switch sw in the motion sensor 21 is not necessarily limited to the configuration in which the forward operation is detected when turned on and the backward operation is detected when turned off. For example, a transfer type switch body as shown in FIG. It can be employed as the sensor 21.

  Eventually, as a motion sensor, in the reciprocating displacement stroke of the performance operator 1, an on event (forward operation event) occurs in order from the shallower detection position in the forward stroke, and off in order from the deeper detection position in the backward stroke. Any detection means may be used as long as the event occurrence order is determined so that an event (reverse operation event) occurs. Therefore, it is possible to employ sensors having various configurations.

  FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the motion sensor 21 of a modification. The motion sensor 21 is configured such that a pair of fixed leaves 31 and 32 are held in a cantilever state by a leaf holder 30, and a movable leaf 34 is held by the leaf holder 30 between the fixed leaves 31 and 32. The fixed leaves 31 and 32 correspond to the shallow side and the deep side, respectively. An appropriate interval is regulated by the spacer 35 on the free end side of the fixed leaves 31 and 32. The leaves 31, 32, and 34 are all formed by elastic springs.

  In the initial state, the movable leaf 34 is in contact with the tip 31 a of the fixed leaf 31. At this time, the upper end portion 35x of the spacer 35 and the contact point 31x of the fixed leaf 31 may be separated from each other. The tip of the movable leaf 34 becomes the driven portion 34b, and the driven portion 34b is driven down by the corresponding performance operator 1. When the driven portion 34b is pushed down, the contact portion 34a is separated from the tip portion 31a, and the contact portion 34a is in contact with the tip portion 32a of the fixed leaf 32 in due course. At this time, the lower end portion 35y of the spacer 35 and the contact point 32y of the fixed leaf 32 may be separated from each other.

  The motion sensor 21 functions as a two-make type and generates event data ev through cooperation of the CPU 5 and the timer 8. That is, when the contact portion 34 a is separated from the distal end portion 31 a of the fixed leaf 31 during the displacement of the performance operator 1, the A-on event data ev and the contact portion 34 a contact the distal end portion 32 a of the fixed leaf 32. Then, B-on event data ev is generated. On the other hand, when the abutment portion 34 a is separated from the distal end portion 32 a of the fixed leaf 32 during the backward movement of the performance operator 1, the B-off event data ev and the abutment portion 34 a abut against the distal end portion 31 a of the fixed leaf 31. Then, A-off event data ev is generated. Note that the separation or contact between the upper end portion 35x and the contact point 31x and the lower end portion 35y and the contact point 32y is not directly related to the generation timing of the event data ev.

  By the way, in the said embodiment, although the example which applied this musical tone control signal generation apparatus to the electronic keyboard musical instrument was shown, it is not restricted to this, It can apply to the various musical instruments using a musical tone control signal. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, it can be applied to an electronic percussion instrument.

  FIG. 7A is an external view of an electronic percussion instrument to which the musical tone control signal generation device is applied. This electronic percussion instrument includes a plurality of drum pads 40 and various operators on the upper surface. Although each drum pad 40 has a different size, the configuration is basically the same, so the configuration of one drum pad 40 will be described. As shown in FIG. 7B, the disk-shaped pad body 41 is assembled to the corresponding portion of the upper case 48. An annular rib 49 a is provided on the upper case 48 so as to protrude upward for each drum pad 40. A concave groove 49a is formed in the inner lower portion of the annular rib 49a.

  FIG.7 (c) is a fragmentary sectional view which follows the AA line of FIG.7 (b). The pad body 41 includes a disk-shaped pad portion 42 and a rim portion 43 connected to the periphery of the pad portion 42 and is integrally formed of an elastic material. The pad portion 42 is used for drum pad hitting, and the rim portion 43 is used for rim hitting. The rim portion 43 is connected to the attachment portion 47 which is the outermost portion of the pad body 41 and the outer edge of the pad portion 42 by a skirt portion, and can be swung up and down when pressed.

  FIG. 7D is a partial cross-sectional view of the rim portion 43 in a state where the pad body 41 is attached and fixed to the upper case 48. When the pad body 41 is assembled to the upper case 48, the mounting portion 47 of the pad body 41 is fitted into the concave groove 49 a of the upper case 48. Under the rim portion 43, movable contacts 44 and 45 corresponding to the above-described movable contacts 22 and 24 (FIG. 2B) are provided. On the other hand, fixed contacts 50 and 51 corresponding to the fixed contacts 23 and 25 (FIG. 2B) are provided at positions corresponding to the movable contacts 44 and 45 in the upper case 48. Thus, a two-make motion sensor having switches corresponding to the first switches swA and swB described above is configured.

  In this configuration, the rim portion 43 that is the hit portion corresponds to the performance operator 1. When the rim portion 43 is hit, the rim portion 43 is displaced downward. Then, at least one of the two movable contacts 44 makes contact with the corresponding fixed contact 50, and the first makes up. When the movable contact 45 contacts the fixed contact 51, the second makes up. The generation of event data ev due to makeup and the manner of musical tone control in these two stages can be considered in the same manner as in the case where the sensor exemplified in FIG. 6 is employed.

  Although there are a plurality of rim portions 43 corresponding to the performance operator 1, they are processed in parallel as described above. By the way, note data Note that is information for specifying each of the performance operators 1 is also information for specifying a pitch because it is a keyboard instrument in the above-described embodiment. However, when the musical instrument is an electronic percussion instrument as shown in FIG. 7, the rim portion 43 is specified to define the percussion tone color. As described above, the present invention can also be applied to detection of hitting of an electronic percussion instrument. Since this musical instrument is an electronic percussion instrument and the musical sound attenuates quickly, detection and control for mute processing may be abolished.

  In the example of the electronic percussion instrument, the configuration in which the present invention is applied with respect to the rim hitting is illustrated, but the configuration may be applied to the pad hitting.

  In the keyboard instrument (FIG. 2), the motion sensor 21 may be any sensor that directly or indirectly detects the performance of the performance operator 1, and the displacement associated with the performance operator 1 itself or the performance operator 1. What is necessary is just to detect the operation of the member. For example, a hammer provided to impart inertia and swinging in conjunction with a key may be used as a displacement member, and the operation of this may be detected. Also in the electronic percussion instrument (FIG. 7), a displacement member that operates in conjunction with the rim portion 43 may be provided, and a movable contact may be provided on the displacement member to constitute an operation sensor.

  By the way, in the above description, an example in which a plurality of performance operators 1 exist in each of the keyboard musical instrument and the electronic percussion instrument has been shown. However, even if there is only one performance operator 1, chattering is performed while suppressing delay in tone control. The effect of avoiding the influence of is obtained. If there is only one performance operator 1, the event data ev that can be stored in the ev register may be at least one in terms of chattering removal.

(Second Embodiment)
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the occurrence of chattering is used for musical tone control. That is, an operation mode in which chattering occurs is interpreted as an intention to operate more strongly than a normal strong key press (for example, playing and playing), and a predetermined value is set when the detected velocity is a certain level or more. In addition, increase the volume. The performance signal generation process is different from the first embodiment, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are used instead of FIG. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  FIGS. 8 and 9 are flowcharts of the performance signal generation process executed in step S103 of FIG. 4 in the electronic keyboard instrument to which the musical tone control signal generation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  First, in order to explain the “preparation data” used in the present embodiment, the explanation starts from step S307. In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, on-velocity Von is calculated from the same motion sensor 21 when event data ev occurs in the order of B on → C on (steps S204 to S207). .

  After step S207, the process proceeds to step S307. In the present embodiment, even when C-on event data ev occurs, a sound generation instruction (note-on performance signal generation) is not immediately issued. The sound generation instruction is made in step S303 or S312. First, in step S307, the correspondence between the note data Note in the latest event (C on) and the calculated on velocity Von is stored as “preparation data”. The preparation data is stored in the RAM 7 separately from the event history.

  Next, a wait timer is associated with the stored preparation data, and timing of the wait timer is started (step S308). This time measurement is performed by the timer 8 based on the control of the CPU 5 separately from the processing of FIGS. 4, 8, and 9. Thereafter, this process is terminated. The wait timer is set for each preparation data, and is stopped and reset when the time is counted for a predetermined time tm. The predetermined time tm is set to a substantially minimum time interval between C on (on operation) and C off (off operation) during normal operation (not chattering), and is set to a value between 1 and 10 ms, for example. .

  In step S301, it is determined whether or not preparation data exists. As a result of the determination, if there is no preparation data, the process proceeds to steps S201 to S203. On the other hand, if the preparation data exists, the wait timer of the preparation data determines whether or not the predetermined time tm has elapsed (step S302). If the preparation data has not elapsed, the process proceeds to steps S201 to S203. Transition.

  As a result of the determination in the step S302, if the wait timer of the preparation data has passed the predetermined time tm, the note-on performance signal (sound generation instruction signal) is used in the note data Note and on-velocity Von in the preparation data. ) Is generated (step S303). The on velocity Von in the note-on performance signal remains the value calculated in step S207. Next, the preparation data and the corresponding wait timer are cleared (step S304), and the process proceeds to steps S201 to S203.

  After the processing in step S203, the process proceeds to step S305, and it is determined whether or not the event type K of the latest event is “C off”. As a result of the determination, if the event type K of the latest event is not “C off”, the process proceeds to step S204, whereas if it is “C off”, the process proceeds to step S309.

  In step S309, it is determined whether or not there is preparation data having the same latest event (C off) and note data Note. Here, the fact that there is preparation data that is the same as the latest event (C-off) and the note data Note indicates that a predetermined time tm has elapsed after the C-on in the third switch swC of the motion sensor 21 corresponding to the note data Note. It means that there was C-off before (before being cleared in step S304). Since this is on / off in a very short time, it can be determined that chattering has occurred in the third switch swC.

  If it is not determined in step S309 that there is chattering, this process ends. On the other hand, if it is determined that there is chattering, the process proceeds to step S310, and it is determined whether or not the on-velocity Von in the preparation data is greater than or equal to the threshold value Vx. Here, the threshold value Vx assumes an on-velocity value that is detected when the standard key is pressed most strongly. However, the threshold value Vx is not an upper limit value as a MIDI value that defines on-velocity, but is set to a value with a slight margin before the upper limit value to allow further increase of the value.

  As a result of the determination, if Von ≧ Vx, it is interpreted that the intention is to make a really strong key press like the push-and-play method. Therefore, in the above preparation data, a value obtained by adding a predetermined value Vα to on-velocity Von The new on-velocity Von is set (step S311). Thereby, the value of the on velocity Von in the preparation data is updated and increased. On the other hand, if Von <Vx, it is interpreted that the intention is not really strong, so the predetermined value Vα is not added, that is, this process is terminated without updating the preparation data.

  Next, in step S312, a note-on performance signal (sound generation instruction signal) is generated using note data Note and on-velocity Von in the preparation data. This on-velocity Von is a value added in step S311. Next, the preparation data and the corresponding wait timer are cleared (step S313), and this process ends.

  According to the processing of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, only when the key is pressed with on-velocity Von being the threshold value Vx with chattering, a sound generation instruction with an increased sound volume is issued in step S312. Otherwise, a sound generation instruction is given in step S303 without increasing the volume.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effect as that of the first embodiment with respect to avoiding the influence of chattering while suppressing the delay of the musical sound control with a simple process. In addition, since the volume is increased when chattering occurs when Von ≧ Vx is established, it is possible to perform volume increase control according to a stronger operation than a strong operation. As a result, the musical sound parameter changes depending on the presence or absence of chattering. Therefore, it is possible to enhance performance expression by using the occurrence of chattering for musical tone control. For example, in a keyboard instrument, the volume difference between the standard playing method and the playing method can be clearly increased. In particular, since chattering is actively used for controlling musical tone parameters after ensuring that chattering does not generate a plurality of pronunciations, it is not necessary to devise a way to avoid the occurrence of chattering as much as possible. Further, there is no need to provide a dedicated after sensor or the like as in the prior art. Therefore, the present invention can be widely applied to general keyboard instruments.

  If it is not determined that chattering is present within the predetermined time tm after C is turned on, a performance signal is generated when the predetermined time tm elapses (step S303), so that the tone control is delayed too much when chattering does not occur. Can not be. On the other hand, if it is determined that chattering is present within the predetermined time tm, a performance signal is immediately generated at the determination time (step S312). Therefore, in the case of a strong operation that causes chattering, the sounding timing is higher than when no chattering occurs. Get faster. That is, a performance expression in which the sound generation timing is slightly changed depending on the presence or absence of chattering is possible. In this respect as well, the expression of chattering is used for musical tone control to enhance performance expression.

  As in the present embodiment, if it is limited to the point of view that chattering generation is used for musical tone control to improve performance expression, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which chattering is likely to occur. Since the above-described motion sensor 21 (FIG. 2B) is made of an elastic body, it is turned on in a state where the actuator portion or the lower surface 1a of the performance operator 1 and the upper surface 21a of the motion sensor 21 are rubbed or twisted. Therefore, chattering is likely to occur. Further, chattering is also likely to occur when a hammer linked to the performance operator 1 is used as a displacement member. However, according to the present embodiment, a configuration that causes chattering in a stable manner is rather advantageous.

  In step S310 of FIG. 9, when Von <Vx, the on-velocity Von may be set with the threshold value Vx and updated. Then, when chattering occurs, at least the on-velocity Von is updated to a value equal to or higher than the threshold value Vx, so that it is possible to provide a volume difference between when chattering occurs and when it does not occur. .

  By the way, when there is chattering, the process of adding the predetermined value Vα to the on-velocity Von may be uniformly performed regardless of the detected value of the on-velocity Von. To do so, the processing step of step S310 in FIG. 9 may be eliminated.

  In the present embodiment, even if it is determined that chattering is present, the performance signal may be generated after a predetermined time tm has elapsed. To do so, the processing in steps S312 and S313 may be abolished. In such a case, the sound generation instruction is made in step S303 regardless of the presence or absence of chattering. However, when step S303 is executed after it is determined that there is chattering once, the on-velocity Von is updated by adding a predetermined value Vα. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate a difference in sound generation timing due to the strength of the operation.

  In the present embodiment, the volume (on velocity) is exemplified as the musical sound parameter to be changed when chattering occurs, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention is applicable to various musical tone parameters related to effects such as pitch, timbre, envelope, and musical tone characteristics.

  By the way, in the present embodiment, it is determined that chattering has occurred when C-off occurs immediately after C-on (within a predetermined time tm), and chattering is present, so the determination process is simple. However, the definition of chattering is not limited to that described above as long as the occurrence of chattering is limited to the viewpoint of use for musical tone control. For example, it may be determined that chattering is present when C on → C off → C on. Further, the chattering determination method is not limited to the exemplified method, and various known methods can be employed. Further, the motion sensor 21 may be configured so that chattering occurs in a switch for detecting a note-on operation for instructing sound generation, and the number of makeups is not limited. In addition to the types shown in FIG. A sensor having a configuration can be employed.

  By the way, this embodiment can also be applied to various musical instruments using a musical tone control signal, and can also be applied to an electronic percussion instrument as shown in FIG. Moreover, the performance operator 1 may be one.

  The present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, and various forms within the scope of the present invention are also included in the present invention. A part of the above-described embodiments may be appropriately combined.

  1 performance operator, 5 CPU (chattering determination means, signal generation means), 21 motion sensor, Von on velocity (musical sound parameter), tm predetermined time, Vα predetermined value, Vx threshold

Claims (9)

A performance controller to be operated, and
An operation sensor for detecting an on operation and an off operation of the performance operator;
Chattering determination means for determining whether or not chattering occurs during the on-operation of the motion sensor;
Signal generating means for generating a musical tone control signal on the condition that an on-operation is detected by the motion sensor;
When the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present, the signal generation unit changes a musical sound parameter in the generated musical sound control signal with respect to a case where chattering is not determined. apparatus.   2. The chattering determination means determines that there is chattering only when an off operation is detected within a predetermined time after the performance sensor detects an on operation of the performance operator. Musical tone control signal generator.   The signal generation means generates the musical tone control signal when the predetermined time has elapsed without the chattering determination means determining that there is chattering after the performance sensor detects that the performance operator is turned on. The musical sound control signal generating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein   4. The musical tone control signal according to claim 2, wherein when the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present, the signal generation unit generates the musical tone control signal regardless of the lapse of the predetermined time. Generator.   4. The signal generation unit according to claim 2, wherein the signal generation unit generates the musical tone control signal after the predetermined time has elapsed even when the chattering determination unit determines that chattering is present. Musical sound control signal generator.   The signal generating means increases the on-velocity value as a musical sound parameter in the musical sound control signal to be generated when the chattering determining means determines that chattering is present, compared to the case where chattering is not determined. The musical tone control signal generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The motion sensor detects the on velocity of the performance operator when detecting the on velocity, and the signal generation means generates the on velocity detected by the motion sensor when it is not determined that chattering is present. On the other hand, when it is determined that chattering is present, a value obtained by adding a predetermined value to the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor is used as the on-velocity in the generated tone control signal. The musical tone control signal generation device according to claim 6, wherein the musical tone control signal generation device is applied as follows.   The signal generation means adds the predetermined value to the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor only when it is determined that chattering is present and the on-velocity value detected by the motion sensor is greater than or equal to a threshold value. 8. The musical tone control signal generating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the value is applied as on-velocity in the generated musical tone control signal. A performance controller to be operated, and
An operation sensor for detecting an on operation and an off operation of the performance operator;
Chattering determination means for determining whether or not chattering occurs during the on-operation of the motion sensor;
Signal generating means for generating a sound generation instruction signal for instructing the generation of a musical tone on the condition that an on-operation is detected by the operation sensor;
When the chattering determination means determines that chattering is present, the signal generation means accelerates the sound generation instruction signal generation timing when the chattering determination means determines that chattering is not present. .

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