JP2011192594A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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JP2011192594A
JP2011192594A JP2010059322A JP2010059322A JP2011192594A JP 2011192594 A JP2011192594 A JP 2011192594A JP 2010059322 A JP2010059322 A JP 2010059322A JP 2010059322 A JP2010059322 A JP 2010059322A JP 2011192594 A JP2011192594 A JP 2011192594A
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voltage
temperature
fuel cell
storage device
power storage
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Junpei Ogawa
純平 小河
Kazuhiro Wake
千大 和氣
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell system surely protecting the voltage of a power storage device. <P>SOLUTION: In the fuel cell system 10 including a fuel cell 11, the power storage device 60 storing the electric power generated from the fuel cell, a power storage device charging means 63 disposed between the fuel cell and the power storage device when charging the power storage device, a temperature sensor 42 detecting the temperature relevant to the fuel cell, and a control unit 45 having a low temperature determining means 71 determining whether a temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined temperature, the control unit has a voltage threshold value changing means 72 setting a low-temperature-state charge start voltage threshold value at which charging of the power storage device is started higher than a normal-state charge start voltage threshold value when the temperature is determined to be higher than the predetermined time, when the temperature is determined to be lower than the predetermined temperature by the low temperature determining means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、燃料電池システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell system.

従来から、例えば車両に搭載される燃料電池には、固体高分子電解質膜をアノード電極およびカソード電極で両側から挟んで膜電極構造体を形成し、この膜電極構造体の両側に一対のセパレータを配置して平板状の単位燃料電池（以下、単位セルという。）を構成し、この単位セルを複数積層して燃料電池スタック（以下、燃料電池という。）とするものが知られている。このような燃料電池では、アノード電極とセパレータとの間にアノードガス（燃料ガス）として水素ガスを供給するとともに、カソード電極とセパレータとの間にカソードガス（酸化剤ガス）として空気を供給する。これにより、アノード電極で触媒反応により発生した水素イオンが、固体高分子電解質膜を透過してカソード電極まで移動し、カソード電極で空気中の酸素と電気化学反応を起こし、発電が行われる。   Conventionally, for example, in a fuel cell mounted on a vehicle, a membrane electrode structure is formed by sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte membrane between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode from both sides, and a pair of separators are provided on both sides of the membrane electrode structure. A flat unit fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as a unit cell) is arranged to form a fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as a fuel cell) by stacking a plurality of unit cells. In such a fuel cell, hydrogen gas is supplied as an anode gas (fuel gas) between the anode electrode and the separator, and air is supplied as a cathode gas (oxidant gas) between the cathode electrode and the separator. As a result, hydrogen ions generated by the catalytic reaction at the anode electrode pass through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and move to the cathode electrode, causing an electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air at the cathode electrode, thereby generating power.

また、燃料電池を搭載した車両においては、燃料電池で発電された電力を蓄電可能な１２Ｖバッテリが併設されている。この１２Ｖバッテリに蓄電された電力は、車内の空調装置やカーナビゲーションシステムなどを駆動させるために用いられる。   In addition, in a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell, a 12V battery capable of storing electric power generated by the fuel cell is additionally provided. The electric power stored in the 12V battery is used to drive an in-vehicle air conditioner, a car navigation system, and the like.

さらに、電源として燃料電池および高電圧バッテリを併設した燃料電池システムを備え、該燃料電池システムにより車両走行用のモータを駆動する燃料電池車両が提案されている。この燃料電池車両では、高電圧バッテリの電力を利用して車両（燃料電池）を起動するとともに、車両走行や補機電力のアシストを行い、あるいは高電圧バッテリのみで所謂ＥＶ（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ）走行が行われる。   Furthermore, a fuel cell vehicle is proposed that includes a fuel cell system in which a fuel cell and a high-voltage battery are provided as power sources, and drives a motor for driving the vehicle by the fuel cell system. In this fuel cell vehicle, the vehicle (fuel cell) is activated using the power of the high voltage battery, and the vehicle travels and assists the auxiliary power, or the so-called EV (electric vehicle) travel is performed only with the high voltage battery. Done.

そして、このような燃料電池車両において、車両の再始動を確実に行うために、車両の停止時に高電圧バッテリに必要電力を蓄電するように構成した技術が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）。   And in such a fuel cell vehicle, in order to perform restart of a vehicle reliably, the technique comprised so that required electric power might be stored in a high voltage battery at the time of a vehicle stop is proposed (for example, patent document 1). To 3).

特許文献１では、ＧＰＳ電波による車両位置の測位データと日付データとから最低外気温を予測し、この予測結果に基づいてバッテリの必要電力を予測するようにしている。   In Patent Document 1, the minimum outside air temperature is predicted from the positioning data of the vehicle position by GPS radio waves and the date data, and the required power of the battery is predicted based on the prediction result.

特許文献２では、外気温に基づいて、再始動時のバッテリ温度を予測し、この予測バッテリ温度に基づきバッテリの必要電力を予測するようにしている。   In Patent Document 2, the battery temperature at restart is predicted based on the outside air temperature, and the required power of the battery is predicted based on the predicted battery temperature.

特許文献３では、次回のエンジン（モータ）始動時のバッテリ温度を予測し、バッテリから所定の出力を得るためのバッテリ温度予測値に応じたＳＯＣを設定し、ＳＯＣ検出値がＳＯＣ設定値となるようにバッテリの充放電を制御するようにしている。   In Patent Document 3, the battery temperature at the next engine (motor) start is predicted, the SOC is set according to the predicted battery temperature value for obtaining a predetermined output from the battery, and the SOC detection value becomes the SOC set value. Thus, charging / discharging of the battery is controlled.

特開２００４−１４６０７５号公報JP 2004-146075 A 特開２００７−３１１３０９号公報JP 2007-31309 A 特開平１１−３５５９６７号公報JP 11-355967 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献１〜３に係る技術では、再始動時のバッテリ温度を予測により求めており、精度よく停止時などのバッテリ充電量を決定することができない。また、特許文献１に係る技術では、ＧＰＳなどの測位データ受信機を必須の構成要件としているため、ガレージ内など電波を受信できない環境下では外気温を予測することができない。また、特許文献２に係る技術では、車両起動時に温度センサにより外気温を検出するようにしているが、車両起動時には、温度センサにより検出される外気温が急激に変化するため、温度センサにより検出される検出温度（外気温）の精度が低くなる。さらに、特許文献３に係る技術では、バッテリのＳＯＣ設定値を見ながらバッテリの充放電を制御しているが、ＳＯＣは精度よく検出・制御することが困難であり、無駄に充電してしまうことがある。結果として、バッテリを適切な状態に蓄電することができず、特に冬季にはバッテリの電圧低下が生じて起動できなくなる虞がある   However, in the technologies according to Patent Documents 1 to 3, the battery temperature at the time of restart is obtained by prediction, and the battery charge amount at the time of stop and the like cannot be determined accurately. Further, in the technique according to Patent Document 1, since a positioning data receiver such as GPS is an essential constituent requirement, the outside air temperature cannot be predicted in an environment where radio waves cannot be received such as in a garage. In the technique according to Patent Document 2, the outside air temperature is detected by the temperature sensor when the vehicle is started. However, when the vehicle is started, the outside air temperature detected by the temperature sensor changes abruptly. The accuracy of the detected temperature (outside air temperature) is lowered. Furthermore, in the technology according to Patent Document 3, charging / discharging of the battery is controlled while looking at the SOC setting value of the battery, but it is difficult to accurately detect and control the SOC, and the battery is charged wastefully. There is. As a result, it is not possible to store the battery in an appropriate state, and there is a possibility that the battery may drop and become unable to start up, especially in winter.

そこで、本発明は、上記事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、蓄電装置の電圧を確実に保護することができる燃料電池システムを提供するものである。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a fuel cell system that can reliably protect the voltage of a power storage device.

上記の課題を解決するために、請求項１に記載した発明は、アノード電極に燃料ガスを、カソード電極に酸化剤ガスを供給し発電を行う燃料電池（例えば、実施形態における燃料電池１１）と、該燃料電池で発電された電力を蓄電可能な蓄電装置（例えば、実施形態における１２Ｖバッテリ６０）と、該蓄電装置に前記電力を充電する際に、前記燃料電池と前記蓄電装置との間に配される蓄電装置充電手段（例えば、実施形態におけるダウンバータ６３）と、前記燃料電池に関する温度を検出可能な温度センサ（例えば、実施形態における温度センサ４２）と、該温度センサによって検出された前記温度が所定温度よりも低いか否かを判定する低温判定手段（例えば、実施形態における低温判定部７１）を有する制御部（例えば、実施形態におけるＥＣＵ４５）と、を備えた燃料電池システム（例えば、実施形態における燃料電池システム１０）において、前記制御部は、前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置への充電を開始する低温時充電開始電圧閾値（例えば、実施形態における低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１）を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の通常時充電開始電圧閾値（例えば、実施形態における通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３）よりも高く設定する電圧閾値変更手段（例えば、実施形態における１２ＶＢＡＴＴ充電電圧閾値変換部７２）を備えていることを特徴としている。   In order to solve the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 is a fuel cell (for example, the fuel cell 11 in the embodiment) that generates power by supplying a fuel gas to the anode electrode and an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode. A power storage device capable of storing the power generated by the fuel cell (for example, the 12V battery 60 in the embodiment), and when charging the power to the power storage device, between the fuel cell and the power storage device Power storage device charging means (for example, the downverter 63 in the embodiment) arranged, a temperature sensor (for example, the temperature sensor 42 in the embodiment) capable of detecting the temperature related to the fuel cell, and the temperature sensor detected by the temperature sensor A control unit (for example, in the embodiment) having low temperature determination means (for example, the low temperature determination unit 71 in the embodiment) for determining whether or not the temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature. ECU 45), the control unit determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature in the low temperature determination means, the fuel cell system (for example, the fuel cell system 10 in the embodiment) A low-temperature charge start voltage threshold (for example, low-temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 in the embodiment) that starts charging the power storage device is a normal-time charge start voltage threshold (for example, when the temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature). The voltage threshold value changing means (for example, 12VBATT charge voltage threshold value conversion unit 72 in the embodiment) that is set higher than the normal charging start voltage threshold value V3 in the embodiment is provided.

請求項２に記載した発明は、前記電圧閾値変更手段は、前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置への充電を終了する低温時充電終了電圧閾値（例えば、実施形態における低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２）を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の通常時充電終了電圧閾値（例えば、実施形態における通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４）よりも高く設定することを特徴としている。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, the voltage threshold value changing means is a low temperature charge end voltage for ending charging of the power storage device when the low temperature determining means determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature. A threshold (for example, low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2 in the embodiment) is based on a normal charge end voltage threshold (for example, normal charge end voltage threshold V4 in the embodiment) when the temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. It is also characterized by being set high.

請求項３に記載した発明は、前記制御部は、前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力よりも大きくする出力変更手段（例えば、実施形態におけるダウンバータ出力変換部７３）を備えていることを特徴としている。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, when the control unit determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature in the low temperature determination unit, the control unit outputs the output of the power storage device charging unit so that the temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. Output changing means (for example, the downverter output conversion unit 73 in the embodiment) that makes the output larger than the output of the power storage device charging means when it is determined.

請求項４に記載した発明は、前記蓄電装置の電圧を監視する蓄電装置監視手段（例えば、実施形態における電圧センサ６５）を備え、前記制御部は、前記蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になったか否かを判定する電圧判定手段（例えば、実施形態における１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５）を有し、該電圧判定手段において前記電圧が前記所定電圧以下であると判定した場合に、前記出力変更手段は前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力をさらに大きく設定することを特徴としている。   The invention described in claim 4 includes power storage device monitoring means for monitoring the voltage of the power storage device (for example, the voltage sensor 65 in the embodiment), and the control unit has a voltage of the power storage device equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage. Voltage determining means (for example, 12VBATT voltage determining unit 75 in the embodiment) for determining whether the voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage in the voltage determining means, the output changing means The output of the power storage device charging means is set to be larger.

請求項５に記載した発明は、前記蓄電装置の電圧を監視する蓄電装置監視手段を備え、前記燃料電池の発電停止中に、前記制御部は、前記蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になったか否かを判定する電圧判定手段を有し、前記蓄電装置監視手段により前記電圧を定期的に監視し、前記電圧判定手段において前記電圧が前記所定電圧以下であると判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置充電手段により前記蓄電装置の充電を開始することを特徴としている。   The invention described in claim 5 is provided with power storage device monitoring means for monitoring the voltage of the power storage device, and during the power generation stop of the fuel cell, the control unit determines whether the voltage of the power storage device has become a predetermined voltage or less. Voltage determination means for determining whether or not the voltage is periodically monitored by the power storage device monitoring means, and when the voltage determination means determines that the voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, the power storage device Charging means starts charging the power storage device.

請求項１に記載した発明によれば、低温判定手段によって所定温度よりも低い低温状態であると判定した場合に、低温時充電開始電圧閾値を通常時充電開始電圧閾値よりも高く設定するように構成したため、蓄電装置の電圧が低下しすぎる前に充電を開始することができる。したがって、蓄電装置の電圧を確実に保護することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the low temperature determination means determines that the low temperature state is lower than the predetermined temperature, the low temperature charge start voltage threshold is set higher than the normal charge start voltage threshold. Since it comprised, charge can be started before the voltage of an electrical storage apparatus falls too much. Therefore, the voltage of the power storage device can be reliably protected.

請求項２に記載した発明によれば、低温判定手段によって所定温度よりも低い低温状態であると判定した場合に、低温時充電終了電圧閾値を通常時充電終了電圧閾値よりも高く設定するように構成したため、蓄電装置に十分充電させることができる。したがって、蓄電装置の電圧を確実に保護することができるとともに、蓄電装置を有効に利用することができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the low temperature determination means determines that the low temperature state is lower than the predetermined temperature, the low temperature charge end voltage threshold is set higher than the normal charge end voltage threshold. Since it comprised, the electrical storage apparatus can be fully charged. Therefore, the voltage of the power storage device can be reliably protected and the power storage device can be used effectively.

請求項３に記載した発明によれば、低温判定手段によって所定温度よりも低い低温状態であると判定した場合に、蓄電装置充電手段の出力を通常時よりも大きくするように構成したため、蓄電装置への充電を促進することができる。したがって、蓄電装置への充電効率を向上することができる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the low temperature determination unit determines that the low temperature state is lower than the predetermined temperature, the output of the power storage device charging unit is configured to be larger than normal. Can facilitate charging. Therefore, the efficiency of charging the power storage device can be improved.

請求項４に記載した発明によれば、低温判定手段によって所定温度よりも低い低温状態であると判定し、かつ、蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になった場合に、蓄電装置充電手段の出力をさらに大きくするように構成したため、蓄電装置への充電をさらに促進することができる。したがって、蓄電装置への充電効率を向上することができる。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the low temperature determination unit determines that the low temperature state is lower than the predetermined temperature, and the voltage of the power storage device becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, the output of the power storage device charging unit Therefore, charging to the power storage device can be further promoted. Therefore, the efficiency of charging the power storage device can be improved.

請求項５に記載した発明によれば、燃料電池の発電停止中で、低温判定手段によって所定温度よりも低い低温状態であると判定し、かつ、蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になった場合に、蓄電装置の充電を開始するように構成したため、蓄電装置の電圧が低下しすぎる前に充電を開始することができる。したがって、蓄電装置の電圧を確実に保護することができる。   According to the invention described in claim 5, when the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped, it is determined by the low temperature determination means that the low temperature state is lower than the predetermined temperature, and the voltage of the power storage device becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage. In addition, since the charging of the power storage device is started, charging can be started before the voltage of the power storage device decreases too much. Therefore, the voltage of the power storage device can be reliably protected.

本発明の実施形態における燃料電池自動車の概略構成図である。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態における燃料電池と併設されるバッテリとの関係を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the relationship between the fuel cell in embodiment of this invention, and the battery attached. 本発明の実施形態における燃料電池システムがシステム停止後放置中の場合における１２Ｖバッテリへの充電方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the charging method to the 12V battery in case the fuel cell system in embodiment of this invention is standing after a system stop. 図３のフローチャートにおいて、ステップＳ１１で冬季と判定された場合の１２Ｖバッテリの充電の流れを示すタイムチャートである。4 is a time chart showing the flow of charging a 12V battery when it is determined in step S11 that it is winter. 本発明の実施形態における燃料電池システムが発電中の場合における１２Ｖバッテリへの充電方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the charge method to the 12V battery in case the fuel cell system in embodiment of this invention is generating electric power. 図５のフローチャートにおいて、ステップＳ２１で冬季と判定された場合の１２Ｖバッテリの充電の流れを示すタイムチャートである。6 is a time chart showing the flow of charging a 12V battery when it is determined in step S21 that it is winter.

次に、本発明に係る燃料電池システムの実施形態を図１〜図６に基づいて説明する。なお、本実施形態では燃料電池システムを車両に搭載した場合の説明をする。   Next, an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, a case where the fuel cell system is mounted on a vehicle will be described.

（燃料電池システム）
図１は燃料電池システムの概略構成図である。
図１に示すように、燃料電池システム１０の燃料電池１１は、水素ガスなどのアノードガスと空気などのカソードガスとの電気化学反応により発電を行う固体高分子膜型燃料電池である。燃料電池１１に形成されたアノードガス供給用連通孔１３（アノードガス流路２１の入口側）にはアノードガス供給配管２３が連結され、その上流端部には水素タンク３０が接続されている。また、燃料電池１１に形成されたカソードガス供給用連通孔１５（カソードガス流路２２の入口側）にはカソードガス供給配管２４が連結され、その上流端部にはエアコンプレッサ３３が接続されている。さらに、燃料電池１１に形成されたアノードオフガス排出用連通孔１４（アノードガス流路２１の出口側）にはアノードオフガス排出配管３５が連結され、カソードオフガス排出用連通孔１６（カソードガス流路２２の出口側）にはカソードオフガス排出配管３８が連結されている。ここで、アノードガス供給配管２３とアノードオフガス排出配管３５とでアノードガス流通配管４６を構成し、カソードガス供給配管２４とカソードオフガス排出配管３８とでカソードガス流通配管４７を構成している。 (Fuel cell system)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system.
As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell 11 of the fuel cell system 10 is a solid polymer membrane fuel cell that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between an anode gas such as hydrogen gas and a cathode gas such as air. An anode gas supply pipe 23 is connected to the anode gas supply communication hole 13 (inlet side of the anode gas passage 21) formed in the fuel cell 11, and a hydrogen tank 30 is connected to the upstream end thereof. A cathode gas supply pipe 24 is connected to the cathode gas supply communication hole 15 (inlet side of the cathode gas flow path 22) formed in the fuel cell 11, and an air compressor 33 is connected to the upstream end thereof. Yes. Further, an anode off gas discharge communication hole 14 (cathode gas flow path 22) is connected to an anode off gas discharge communication hole 14 (an outlet side of the anode gas flow path 21) formed in the fuel cell 11. Is connected to a cathode offgas discharge pipe 38. Here, the anode gas supply pipe 23 and the anode off gas discharge pipe 35 constitute an anode gas circulation pipe 46, and the cathode gas supply pipe 24 and the cathode off gas discharge pipe 38 constitute a cathode gas circulation pipe 47.

また、水素タンク３０からアノードガス供給配管２３に供給された水素ガスは、レギュレータ（不図示）により減圧された後、エゼクタ２６を通り、燃料電池１１のアノードガス流路２１に供給される。また、水素タンク３０とエゼクタ２６との間には、電磁駆動式の電磁弁２５が設けられており、水素タンク３０からの水素ガスの供給を遮断することができるように構成されている。   Further, the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 30 to the anode gas supply pipe 23 is decompressed by a regulator (not shown), then passes through the ejector 26 and is supplied to the anode gas flow path 21 of the fuel cell 11. In addition, an electromagnetically driven electromagnetic valve 25 is provided between the hydrogen tank 30 and the ejector 26 so that the supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 can be shut off.

また、アノードオフガス排出配管３５は、エゼクタ２６に接続され、燃料電池１１を通過し排出されたアノードオフガスを再度燃料電池１１のアノードガスとして再利用できるように構成されている。さらに、アノードオフガス排出配管３５には、途中で３本の配管が分岐して設けられており、燃料電池１１で生成された生成水（ドレイン）を排出するためのドレイン排出配管３６と、アノード配管内の水素濃度を適正に保持するために配管内のガス（オフガス）を排出するためのパージガス排出配管３７と、燃料電池１１の停止中に掃気処理を行う際に掃気ガス（空気）を排出するための掃気ガス排出配管３２と、が設けられている。   The anode off gas discharge pipe 35 is connected to the ejector 26 so that the anode off gas discharged through the fuel cell 11 can be reused as the anode gas of the fuel cell 11 again. Further, the anode off-gas discharge pipe 35 is provided with three pipes branched in the middle, and a drain discharge pipe 36 for discharging generated water (drain) generated by the fuel cell 11, and an anode pipe. A purge gas discharge pipe 37 for discharging the gas (off-gas) in the pipe to properly maintain the hydrogen concentration in the pipe, and a scavenging gas (air) when the scavenging process is performed while the fuel cell 11 is stopped. Scavenging gas discharge piping 32 is provided.

ドレイン排出配管３６、パージガス排出配管３７および掃気ガス排出配管３２は、それらの下流でともに希釈ボックス３１に接続されている。そして、ドレイン排出配管３６には電磁駆動式のドレイン弁５１が設けられており、パージガス排出配管３７には電磁駆動式のパージ弁５２が設けられており、掃気ガス排出配管３２には電磁駆動式のエア排出弁４８が設けられている。なお、アノードオフガス排出配管３５とドレイン排出配管３６との分岐地点には気液分離器としてキャッチタンク５３が設けられている。   The drain discharge pipe 36, the purge gas discharge pipe 37 and the scavenging gas discharge pipe 32 are all connected to the dilution box 31 downstream thereof. The drain discharge pipe 36 is provided with an electromagnetically driven drain valve 51, the purge gas discharge pipe 37 is provided with an electromagnetically driven purge valve 52, and the scavenging gas discharge pipe 32 is electromagnetically driven. The air discharge valve 48 is provided. Note that a catch tank 53 is provided as a gas-liquid separator at a branch point between the anode off-gas discharge pipe 35 and the drain discharge pipe 36.

次に、空気（カソードガス）はエアコンプレッサ３３によって加圧され、カソードガス供給配管２４を通過した後、燃料電池１１のカソードガス流路２２に供給される。この空気中の酸素が酸化剤として発電に供された後、燃料電池１１からカソードオフガスとしてカソードオフガス排出配管３８に排出される。カソードオフガス排出配管３８は希釈ボックス３１に接続され、その後、車外へと排気される。なお、カソードオフガス排出配管３８には背圧弁３４が設けられている。なお、カソードガス供給配管２４とカソードオフガス排出配管３８との間に加湿器（不図示）を架け渡して設け、カソードガスがカソードオフガスに含まれる水分の移動により加湿されるように構成してもよい。   Next, air (cathode gas) is pressurized by the air compressor 33, passes through the cathode gas supply pipe 24, and is then supplied to the cathode gas flow path 22 of the fuel cell 11. After this oxygen in the air is used as an oxidizing agent for power generation, it is discharged from the fuel cell 11 to the cathode offgas discharge pipe 38 as cathode offgas. The cathode offgas discharge pipe 38 is connected to the dilution box 31 and then exhausted to the outside of the vehicle. A back pressure valve 34 is provided in the cathode off gas discharge pipe 38. A humidifier (not shown) may be provided between the cathode gas supply pipe 24 and the cathode offgas discharge pipe 38 so that the cathode gas is humidified by movement of moisture contained in the cathode offgas. Good.

また、エアコンプレッサ３３と燃料電池１１との間を繋ぐカソードガス供給配管２４において、配管が分岐され掃気ガス導入配管５４の一端が接続されている。掃気ガス導入配管５４は、アノードガス供給配管２３におけるエゼクタ２６と燃料電池１１との間に他端が接続されている。つまり、エアコンプレッサ３３にて加圧された空気を燃料電池１１のアノードガス流路２１およびアノードガス流通配管４６に供給できるようになっている。なお、掃気ガス導入配管５４には電磁駆動式の電磁弁５５が設けられており、エアコンプレッサ３３からの空気の供給を遮断できるように構成されている。   Further, in the cathode gas supply pipe 24 connecting the air compressor 33 and the fuel cell 11, the pipe is branched and one end of the scavenging gas introduction pipe 54 is connected. The other end of the scavenging gas introduction pipe 54 is connected between the ejector 26 and the fuel cell 11 in the anode gas supply pipe 23. That is, the air pressurized by the air compressor 33 can be supplied to the anode gas passage 21 and the anode gas distribution pipe 46 of the fuel cell 11. The scavenging gas introduction pipe 54 is provided with an electromagnetically driven solenoid valve 55 so that the supply of air from the air compressor 33 can be shut off.

ここで、燃料電池１１には温度センサ４２が設けられている。例えば、温度センサ４２の検出温度により、燃料電池１１の内部の温度と略同一の温度を検知することができるようになっている。温度センサ４２からの検出結果（センサ出力）は、制御装置（ＥＣＵ）４５へ伝達され、その検出結果に基づいて、各種制御（後に詳述する。）を実行するか否かを決定するように構成されている。   Here, the fuel cell 11 is provided with a temperature sensor 42. For example, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 42 can detect substantially the same temperature as the temperature inside the fuel cell 11. A detection result (sensor output) from the temperature sensor 42 is transmitted to a control unit (ECU) 45, and based on the detection result, it is determined whether or not to execute various controls (described in detail later). It is configured.

さらに、燃料電池１１で発電された電力（電流）はモータなどの電力消費デバイス５０へ供給されるように構成されている。   Furthermore, the power (current) generated by the fuel cell 11 is configured to be supplied to a power consuming device 50 such as a motor.

図２は、燃料電池１１と併設されるバッテリとの関係を示すブロック図である。図２に示すように、燃料電池１１にはモータなどの電力消費デバイス５０が接続されている。また、本実施形態の車両には、燃料電池１１から発電された電力を充電可能な高電圧バッテリ５９および１２Ｖバッテリ（１２ＶＢＡＴＴ）６０が併設されている。燃料電池１１と両バッテリ５９，６０との間には、電圧調整用のボルテージコントロールユニット（以下、ＶＣＵという。）６２が配されている。また、燃料電池１１と１２Ｖバッテリ６０との間、かつ、高電圧バッテリ５９と１２Ｖバッテリ６０との間には、充電手段として機能するダウンバータ（Ｄ／Ｖ）６３が配されている。さらに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０には、出力電圧を検出可能なる電圧計（蓄電装置監視手段）６５が設けられている。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the relationship between the fuel cell 11 and the battery provided together. As shown in FIG. 2, a power consuming device 50 such as a motor is connected to the fuel cell 11. Further, the vehicle of the present embodiment is provided with a high voltage battery 59 and a 12V battery (12VBATT) 60 that can be charged with electric power generated from the fuel cell 11. A voltage control voltage control unit (hereinafter referred to as VCU) 62 is disposed between the fuel cell 11 and the batteries 59 and 60. Further, a downverter (D / V) 63 functioning as a charging means is disposed between the fuel cell 11 and the 12V battery 60 and between the high voltage battery 59 and the 12V battery 60. Further, the 12V battery 60 is provided with a voltmeter (power storage device monitoring means) 65 capable of detecting the output voltage.

このように構成された燃料電池システム１０では、燃料電池１１により発電された電力を直接電力消費デバイス５０に供給することができるとともに、高電圧バッテリ５９や１２Ｖバッテリ６０に充電することができる。なお、高電圧バッテリ５９は、モータなどを駆動するための電力として利用され、１２Ｖバッテリ６０は、空調機やカーナビゲーションシステムなど（図示せず）を駆動するための電力として利用される。   In the fuel cell system 10 configured as described above, the power generated by the fuel cell 11 can be directly supplied to the power consuming device 50, and the high voltage battery 59 and the 12V battery 60 can be charged. The high voltage battery 59 is used as power for driving a motor or the like, and the 12V battery 60 is used as power for driving an air conditioner, a car navigation system, or the like (not shown).

ここで、ＥＣＵ４５は、温度センサ４２によって検出された燃料電池１１の温度Ｔが予め設定された所定温度Ｔ０よりも低いか否かを判定する低温判定部７１と、低温判定部７１において検出された温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０よりも低いと判定した場合に、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を開始する低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１を、検出された温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０以上と判定した場合の通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３よりも高く設定するとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を終了する低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２を、検出された温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０以上と判定した場合の通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４よりも高く設定する１２ＶＢＡＴＴ充電電圧閾値変換部７２と、低温判定部７１において温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０よりも低いと判定した場合に、ダウンバータ６３の出力を、温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０以上と判定した場合のダウンバータ６３の出力よりも大きくするダウンバータ出力変換部７３と、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖを監視する１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４と、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０（Ｖ１またはＶ３）以下またはＶ５（Ｖ２またはＶ４）以上になったか否かを判定する１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５と、を備えている。   Here, the ECU 45 is detected by the low temperature determination unit 71 that determines whether the temperature T of the fuel cell 11 detected by the temperature sensor 42 is lower than a predetermined temperature T0 that is set in advance, and the low temperature determination unit 71. When it is determined that the temperature T is lower than the predetermined temperature T0, the normal temperature when the detected temperature T is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T0 as the low-temperature charging start voltage threshold V1 for starting charging the 12V battery 60 The normal charging end voltage when the detected temperature T is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T0 as the low temperature charging end voltage threshold V2 that is set higher than the charging start voltage threshold V3 and ends the charging of the 12V battery 60. When it is determined that the temperature T is lower than the predetermined temperature T0 in the 12VBATT charging voltage threshold value conversion unit 72 set higher than the threshold value V4 and the low temperature determination unit 71, A downverter output conversion unit 73 for making the output of the unverter 63 larger than the output of the downverter 63 when the temperature T is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T0; a 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74 for monitoring the voltage V of the 12V battery 60; 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75 for determining whether or not the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage V0 (V1 or V3) or V5 (V2 or V4).

また、ＥＣＵ４５には、システム停止中の現在時刻カウント機能であるリアルタイムクロック（ＲＴＣ）制御部７６と、タイマ７７とがさらに備えられており、車両の停止中においても定期的（一定時間毎）にＥＣＵ４５の各部を駆動させて、各種制御を実行することができるように構成されている。   Further, the ECU 45 is further provided with a real time clock (RTC) control unit 76, which is a current time counting function while the system is stopped, and a timer 77, and periodically (every fixed time) even when the vehicle is stopped. Various parts of the ECU 45 can be driven to execute various controls.

さらに、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０以下であると判定した場合には、ダウンバータ出力変換部７３の指示に基づいてダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時よりも大きく設定することができるように構成されている。また、燃料電池システム１０の停止中に１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４により１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖを定期的に監視し、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０以下であると判定した場合に、ダウンバータ６３を起動させて１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始することができるように構成されている。   Furthermore, when the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75 determines that the voltage V is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage V0, the output of the downverter 63 can be set larger than normal based on an instruction from the downverter output conversion unit 73. It is configured to be able to. In addition, when the fuel cell system 10 is stopped, the 12V BATT voltage monitoring unit 74 periodically monitors the voltage V of the 12V battery 60, and the 12V BATT voltage determination unit 75 determines that the voltage V is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage V0. The downverter 63 is activated so that charging of the 12V battery 60 can be started.

なお、ＥＣＵ４５は、燃料電池１１に要求される出力に応じて、電磁弁２５を制御して水素タンク３０から所定量の水素ガスを燃料電池１１に供給することができるようになっている。また、ＥＣＵ４５は、燃料電池１１に要求される出力に応じて、エアコンプレッサ３３を駆動して所定量の空気を燃料電池１１に供給するとともに、背圧弁３４を制御してカソードガス流路２２への空気の供給圧力を調整できるように構成されている。   The ECU 45 can supply a predetermined amount of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 to the fuel cell 11 by controlling the electromagnetic valve 25 according to the output required for the fuel cell 11. Further, the ECU 45 drives the air compressor 33 according to the output required for the fuel cell 11 to supply a predetermined amount of air to the fuel cell 11 and controls the back pressure valve 34 to the cathode gas flow path 22. The air supply pressure can be adjusted.

次に、上述のように構成された燃料電池システム１０における１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電方法について説明する。
図３は燃料電池システム１０がシステム停止後放置中の場合における１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電方法を説明するフローチャートであり、車両が停止して燃料電池システム１０がシステム停止後放置状態になった時点（イグニションスイッチがオフされた時点）からこのフローチャートがスタートする。 Next, a method for charging the 12V battery 60 in the fuel cell system 10 configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a method of charging the 12V battery 60 when the fuel cell system 10 is left after the system is stopped. When the vehicle is stopped and the fuel cell system 10 is left after the system is stopped ( This flowchart starts from the time when the ignition switch is turned off.

図３に示すように、ステップＳ１１では、ＥＣＵ４５の指示により燃料電池１１に設けられた温度センサ４２の温度Ｔを検出し、低温判定部７１において温度Ｔが予め設定された所定温度Ｔ０（例えば、５℃）よりも低いか否かを判定する。温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０よりも低い場合には冬季であると判定しステップＳ１２へ進み、温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０以上の場合には冬季でない通常時と判定しステップＳ１３へ進む。   As shown in FIG. 3, in step S <b> 11, the temperature T of the temperature sensor 42 provided in the fuel cell 11 is detected by an instruction from the ECU 45, and the low temperature determination unit 71 sets the temperature T in advance to a predetermined temperature T <b> 0 (for example, It is determined whether the temperature is lower than 5 ° C. If the temperature T is lower than the predetermined temperature T0, it is determined that it is winter, and the process proceeds to step S12. If the temperature T is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T0, it is determined that the normal time is not winter and the process proceeds to step S13.

ステップＳ１２では、冬季の低温環境下にいると判定したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始する電圧閾値を、通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３より高い電圧に設定された低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１に設定するとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を終了する電圧閾値を、通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４より高い電圧に設定された低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２に設定し、ステップＳ１４へ進む。   In step S12, since it is determined that the vehicle is in a low-temperature environment in winter, the voltage threshold value for starting charging of the 12V battery 60 is set to the low-temperature charge start voltage threshold value V1 set to a voltage higher than the normal charge start voltage threshold value V3. At the same time, the voltage threshold for terminating the charging of the 12V battery 60 is set to the low temperature charging end voltage threshold V2 set to a voltage higher than the normal charging end voltage threshold V4, and the process proceeds to step S14.

ステップＳ１３では、冬季以外の通常の温度環境下にいると判定したため、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ充電電圧閾値変換部７２において１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始する電圧閾値を通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３に設定するとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を終了する電圧閾値を通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４に設定し、ステップＳ１４へ進む。   In step S13, since it is determined that the vehicle is in a normal temperature environment other than winter, the 12VBATT charge voltage threshold converter 72 sets the voltage threshold for starting charging of the 12V battery 60 to the normal charge start voltage threshold V3 and 12V The voltage threshold value for terminating the charging of the battery 60 is set to the normal-time charging termination voltage threshold value V4, and the process proceeds to step S14.

ステップＳ１４では、ＲＴＣ制御部７６が所定のタイミング（例えば１０分毎）で起動しているか否かを判定し、ＲＴＣ制御部７６が起動している場合にはステップＳ１５へ進み、ＲＴＣ制御部７６が起動していない場合にはそのまま処理を終了する。   In step S14, it is determined whether or not the RTC control unit 76 is activated at a predetermined timing (for example, every 10 minutes). If the RTC control unit 76 is activated, the process proceeds to step S15, and the RTC control unit 76 is activated. If is not activated, the process is terminated.

ステップＳ１５では、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４からの指示により１２Ｖバッテリ６０に設けられた電圧センサ６５の検出値（電圧Ｖ）を読み取り、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが予め設定された所定電圧Ｖ０以下か否かを判定する。電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０以下の場合にはステップＳ１６へ進み、電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０より高い場合はステップＳ１９へ進む。なお、所定電圧Ｖ０は、低温時の場合は低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１が適用され、通常時の場合は通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３が適用される。   In step S15, a detection value (voltage V) of the voltage sensor 65 provided in the 12V battery 60 is read according to an instruction from the 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74, and the voltage V is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage V0 set in advance in the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75. It is determined whether or not. When the voltage V is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage V0, the process proceeds to step S16, and when the voltage V is higher than the predetermined voltage V0, the process proceeds to step S19. The predetermined voltage V0 is the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 when the temperature is low, and the normal charge start voltage threshold V3 when the time is normal.

ステップＳ１６では、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０（充電開始電圧閾値）以下になったため、充電を開始する。つまり、ダウンバータ６３を用いて１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始し、ステップＳ１７へ進む。   In step S16, since the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 has become equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage V0 (charging start voltage threshold), charging is started. That is, charging of the 12V battery 60 is started using the downverter 63, and the process proceeds to step S17.

ステップＳ１７では、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４からの指示により１２Ｖバッテリ６０に設けられた電圧センサ６５の検出値（電圧Ｖ）を読み取り、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが予め設定された所定電圧Ｖ５以上か否かを判定する。電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ５以上の場合にはステップＳ１８へ進み、電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ５より低い場合はステップＳ１６へ戻り、引き続き充電を継続する。なお、所定電圧Ｖ５は、低温時の場合は低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２が適用され、通常時の場合は通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４が適用される。   In step S17, the detection value (voltage V) of the voltage sensor 65 provided in the 12V battery 60 is read according to an instruction from the 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74, and the voltage V is set to a predetermined voltage V5 or higher by the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75 in advance. It is determined whether or not. When the voltage V is equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage V5, the process proceeds to step S18. When the voltage V is lower than the predetermined voltage V5, the process returns to step S16, and charging is continued. The predetermined voltage V5 is applied with the low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2 when the temperature is low, and with the normal charge end voltage threshold V4 when the time is normal.

ステップＳ１８では、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ５（充電終了電圧閾値）以上になったため、充電を終了する。１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電が終了したらステップＳ１９へ進む。   In step S18, since the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 has become equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage V5 (charging end voltage threshold), charging is finished. When charging of the 12V battery 60 is completed, the process proceeds to step S19.

ステップＳ１９では、ＲＴＣ制御部７６の起動を停止して、処理を終了する。   In step S19, the activation of the RTC control unit 76 is stopped and the process is terminated.

図４は図３のフローチャートにおいて、ステップＳ１１で冬季と判定された場合の１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電方法を説明するタイムチャートである。
図４に示すように、燃料電池システム１０がシステム停止後放置状態になったときからこのタイムチャートはスタートしている。 FIG. 4 is a time chart for explaining a charging method of the 12V battery 60 when it is determined in step S11 that it is winter in the flowchart of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the time chart starts when the fuel cell system 10 is left after being stopped.

（第１期間：システム停止後放置中）
第１期間は、まだＲＴＣ制御部７６が起動する前であるため、実際には１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧値は検出されていない。また、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を開始・終了する電圧閾値は、冬季と判定されているため、それぞれ低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１および低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２に設定されている。 (First period: left after system shutdown)
Since the first period is still before the RTC controller 76 is activated, the voltage value of the 12V battery 60 is not actually detected. Further, since the voltage threshold value for starting and ending charging of the 12V battery 60 is determined to be winter, the low temperature charging start voltage threshold value V1 and the low temperature charging end voltage threshold value V2 are set, respectively.

（第２期間：ＲＴＣ起動中）
第２期間は、ＲＴＣ制御部７６が起動することにより、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖを電圧センサ６５によって検出する。この電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１と低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２との間である場合には、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を行わず、電圧の監視のみを継続する。 (Second period: RTC is running)
In the second period, the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 is detected by the voltage sensor 65 when the RTC control unit 76 is activated. When the voltage V is between the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 and the low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2, the 12V battery 60 is not charged and only voltage monitoring is continued.

（第３期間：システム停止後放置中）
第２期間の所定時間内に、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１と低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２との間から外れなかった場合には、再びシステム停止後放置状態になる。 (3rd period: left after system shutdown)
If the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 does not deviate between the low temperature charging start voltage threshold V1 and the low temperature charging end voltage threshold V2 within the predetermined time of the second period, the system is again left after the system is stopped. .

（第４期間：ＲＴＣ起動中）
第４期間は、ＲＴＣ制御部７６が再び起動する。また、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖを電圧センサ６５によって検出する。この電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１と低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２との間である場合には、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を行わず、電圧の監視のみを継続し、電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１以下になった時点で、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始する。このとき、ダウンバータ６３を介して充電を開始する。そして、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２以上になるまで充電を行い、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２以上になったら充電を終了するとともに、ＲＴＣ制御部７６の起動を終了させて再びシステム停止後放置状態にする。 (4th period: RTC is running)
In the fourth period, the RTC control unit 76 is activated again. Further, the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 is detected by the voltage sensor 65. When the voltage V is between the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 and the low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2, the 12V battery 60 is not charged and only voltage monitoring is continued, and the voltage V is low. When the charging start voltage threshold value V1 or less is reached, charging of the 12V battery 60 is started. At this time, charging is started via the downverter 63. Then, charging is performed until the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 becomes equal to or higher than the low temperature charging end voltage threshold V2, and when the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 becomes equal to or higher than the low temperature charging end voltage threshold V2, the charging is terminated and RTC control is performed. The start of the unit 76 is terminated, and the system is left again after being stopped.

（第５期間：システム停止後放置中）
１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電が終了したため、再びシステム停止後放置状態にする。 (5th period: left after system shutdown)
Since the charging to the 12V battery 60 is completed, the system is again left after being stopped.

図５は燃料電池システム１０が発電中の場合における１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電方法を説明するフローチャートであり、車両が起動中で燃料電池システム１０が発電状態の時点（イグニションスイッチがオンされた時点）からこのフローチャートがスタートする。   FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a method of charging the 12V battery 60 when the fuel cell system 10 is generating power. When the vehicle is started and the fuel cell system 10 is in a power generation state (when the ignition switch is turned on). This flowchart starts from.

図５に示すように、ステップＳ２１では、ＥＣＵ４５の指示により燃料電池１１に設けられた温度センサ４２の温度Ｔを検出し、低温判定部７１において温度Ｔが予め設定された所定温度Ｔ０よりも低いか否かを判定する。温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０よりも低い場合には冬季であると判定しステップＳ２２へ進み、温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０以上の場合には冬季でない通常時と判定しステップＳ２４へ進む。   As shown in FIG. 5, in step S21, the temperature T of the temperature sensor 42 provided in the fuel cell 11 is detected by an instruction from the ECU 45, and the temperature T is lower than a predetermined temperature T0 set in advance in the low temperature determination unit 71. It is determined whether or not. If the temperature T is lower than the predetermined temperature T0, it is determined that it is winter, and the process proceeds to step S22. If the temperature T is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T0, it is determined that the normal time is not winter and the process proceeds to step S24.

ステップＳ２２では、冬季の低温環境下にいると判定したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始する電圧閾値を、通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３より高い電圧に設定された低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１に設定するとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を終了する電圧閾値を、通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４より高い電圧に設定された低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２に設定し、ステップＳ２３へ進む。   In step S22, since it is determined that the vehicle is in a low temperature environment in winter, the voltage threshold value for starting charging of the 12V battery 60 is set to the low temperature charge start voltage threshold value V1 set to a voltage higher than the normal charge start voltage threshold value V3. At the same time, the voltage threshold value for ending the charging of the 12V battery 60 is set to the low temperature charging end voltage threshold value V2 set to a voltage higher than the normal charging end voltage threshold value V4, and the process proceeds to step S23.

ステップＳ２３では、ダウンバータ出力変換部７３においてダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時の出力ＶＴ０よりも大きいＶＴ１（出力、中）に設定し、ステップＳ２６へ進む。   In step S23, the downverter output converter 73 sets the output of the downverter 63 to VT1 (output, medium) larger than the normal output VT0, and the process proceeds to step S26.

ステップＳ２４では、冬季以外の通常の温度環境下にいると判定したため、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ充電電圧閾値変換部７２において１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始する電圧閾値を通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３に設定するとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を終了する電圧閾値を通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４に設定し、ステップＳ２５へ進む。   In step S24, since it is determined that the vehicle is in a normal temperature environment other than winter, the 12VBATT charge voltage threshold converter 72 sets the voltage threshold for starting charging of the 12V battery 60 to the normal charge start voltage threshold V3 and 12V The voltage threshold value for terminating the charging of the battery 60 is set to the normal-time charging termination voltage threshold value V4, and the process proceeds to step S25.

ステップＳ２５では、ダウンバータ出力変換部７３においてダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時の出力ＶＴ０（出力、小）のままとして、ステップＳ２６へ進む。   In step S25, the output of the downverter 63 is kept at the normal output VT0 (output, small) in the downverter output conversion unit 73, and the process proceeds to step S26.

ステップＳ２６では、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４からの指示により１２Ｖバッテリ６０に設けられた電圧センサ６５の検出値（電圧Ｖ）を読み取り、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが予め設定された所定電圧Ｖ０以下か否かを判定する。電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０以下の場合にはステップＳ２７へ進み、電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ０より高い場合はステップＳ２９へ進む。なお、所定電圧Ｖ０は、低温時の場合は低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１が適用され、通常時の場合は通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３が適用される。   In step S26, the detection value (voltage V) of the voltage sensor 65 provided in the 12V battery 60 is read according to an instruction from the 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74, and the voltage V is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage V0 set in advance in the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75. It is determined whether or not. When the voltage V is less than or equal to the predetermined voltage V0, the process proceeds to step S27, and when the voltage V is higher than the predetermined voltage V0, the process proceeds to step S29. The predetermined voltage V0 is the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 when the temperature is low, and the normal charge start voltage threshold V3 when the time is normal.

ステップＳ２７では、ダウンバータ出力変換部７３においてダウンバータ６３の出力をステップＳ２３で設定した出力ＶＴ１よりもさらに大きいＶＴ２（出力、大）に設定し、ステップＳ２８へ進む。このようにダウンバータ６３の出力を大きくすることにより１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を促進する。   In step S27, the downverter output converter 73 sets the output of the downverter 63 to VT2 (output, large) that is larger than the output VT1 set in step S23, and the process proceeds to step S28. Thus, charging the 12V battery 60 is promoted by increasing the output of the downverter 63.

ステップＳ２８では、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４からの指示により１２Ｖバッテリ６０に設けられた電圧センサ６５の検出値（電圧Ｖ）を読み取り、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが予め設定された所定電圧Ｖ５以上か否かを判定する。電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ５以上の場合にはステップＳ２９へ進み、電圧Ｖが所定電圧Ｖ５より低い場合はそのまま処理を終了する。なお、所定電圧Ｖ５は、低温時の場合は低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２が適用され、通常時の場合は通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４が適用される。   In step S28, the detection value (voltage V) of the voltage sensor 65 provided in the 12V battery 60 is read according to an instruction from the 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74, and the voltage V is set to a predetermined voltage V5 or higher by the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75 in advance. It is determined whether or not. When the voltage V is equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage V5, the process proceeds to step S29, and when the voltage V is lower than the predetermined voltage V5, the process is ended as it is. The predetermined voltage V5 is applied with the low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2 when the temperature is low, and with the normal charge end voltage threshold V4 when the time is normal.

ステップＳ２９では、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧が充電開始電圧閾値と充電終了電圧閾値との間の電圧であるため、ダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時の出力ＶＴ０よりも大きいＶＴ１（出力、中）に設定し、処理を終了する。なお、通常時の場合にはダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時の出力ＶＴ０に設定してもよい。   In step S29, since the voltage of the 12V battery 60 is a voltage between the charging start voltage threshold and the charging end voltage threshold, the output of the downverter 63 is set to VT1 (output, medium) larger than the normal output VT0. Then, the process ends. In the normal case, the output of the downverter 63 may be set to the normal output VT0.

図６は図４のフローチャートにおいて、ステップＳ１１で冬季と判定された場合の１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電方法を説明するタイムチャートである。
図６に示すように、燃料電池システム１０が発電状態になったときからこのタイムチャートはスタートしている。なお、ダウンバータ６３の出力は通常時の出力ＶＴ０よりも大きい出力ＶＴ１に設定されている。 FIG. 6 is a time chart for explaining the charging method of the 12V battery 60 when it is determined in step S11 that the winter season in the flowchart of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, this time chart starts when the fuel cell system 10 is in a power generation state. The output of the downverter 63 is set to an output VT1 that is larger than the normal output VT0.

燃料電池１１の発電中に、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧監視部７４において１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖを電圧センサ６５によって検出し、１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部７５において電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１と低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２との間の電圧値になっているか否かを判定する。   During power generation of the fuel cell 11, the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 is detected by the voltage sensor 65 in the 12VBATT voltage monitoring unit 74, and the voltage V is detected by the 12VBATT voltage determination unit 75 as the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 and the low temperature charge end voltage. It is determined whether or not the voltage value is between the threshold value V2.

１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１以下になると、ダウンバータ６３の出力を出力ＶＴ１よりもさらに大きい出力ＶＴ２に設定して、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を促進する。   When the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 becomes equal to or lower than the low temperature charging start voltage threshold V1, the output of the downverter 63 is set to an output VT2 that is larger than the output VT1, and the charging of the 12V battery 60 is promoted.

そして、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２以上になると、ダウンバータ６３の出力を小さくして、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を終了する。   When the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 becomes equal to or higher than the low-temperature charging end voltage threshold V2, the output of the downverter 63 is reduced and the charging of the 12V battery 60 is ended.

本実施形態によれば、低温判定部７１において、温度センサ４２によって検出された温度Ｔが所定温度Ｔ０よりも低い低温状態であると判定した場合に、低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１を通常時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ３よりも高く設定するように構成したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧が低下しすぎる前に充電を開始することができる。したがって、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧を確実に保護することができる。   According to the present embodiment, when the low temperature determination unit 71 determines that the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 42 is in a low temperature state lower than the predetermined temperature T0, the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1 is charged in the normal time. Since it is configured to set higher than the start voltage threshold value V3, charging can be started before the voltage of the 12V battery 60 decreases too much. Therefore, the voltage of the 12V battery 60 can be reliably protected.

また、低温判定部７１において低温状態であると判定した場合に、低温時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ２を通常時充電終了電圧閾値Ｖ４よりも高く設定するように構成したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０に十分充電させることができる。したがって、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧を確実に保護することができるとともに、１２Ｖバッテリ６０を有効に利用することができる。   In addition, when the low temperature determination unit 71 determines that the temperature is low, the low temperature charge end voltage threshold V2 is set to be higher than the normal charge end voltage threshold V4, so that the 12V battery 60 is sufficiently charged. Can do. Therefore, the voltage of the 12V battery 60 can be reliably protected and the 12V battery 60 can be used effectively.

また、低温判定部７１において低温状態であると判定した場合に、ダウンバータ６３の出力を通常時よりも大きくするように構成したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電を促進することができる。したがって、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電効率を向上することができる。   In addition, when the low temperature determination unit 71 determines that the temperature is low, the output of the downverter 63 is configured to be larger than normal, so that charging of the 12V battery 60 can be promoted. Therefore, the charging efficiency to the 12V battery 60 can be improved.

さらに、低温判定部７１において低温状態であると判定し、かつ、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１以下になった場合に、ダウンバータ６３の出力をさらに大きくするように構成したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電をさらに促進することができる。したがって、１２Ｖバッテリ６０への充電効率を向上することができる。   Further, when the low temperature determination unit 71 determines that the temperature is low and the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 is equal to or lower than the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1, the output of the downverter 63 is further increased. Therefore, charging to the 12V battery 60 can be further promoted. Therefore, the charging efficiency to the 12V battery 60 can be improved.

そして、燃料電池システム１０の発電停止中で、低温判定部７１において低温状態であると判定し、かつ、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧Ｖが低温時充電開始電圧閾値Ｖ１以下になった場合に、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の充電を開始するように構成したため、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧が低下しすぎる前に充電を開始することができる。したがって、１２Ｖバッテリ６０の電圧を確実に保護することができる。   When the power generation of the fuel cell system 10 is stopped, the low temperature determination unit 71 determines that the temperature is low, and the voltage V of the 12V battery 60 becomes equal to or lower than the low temperature charge start voltage threshold V1. Since the charging of 60 is started, charging can be started before the voltage of the 12V battery 60 decreases too much. Therefore, the voltage of the 12V battery 60 can be reliably protected.

なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、上述した実施形態に種々の変更を加えたものを含む。すなわち、実施形態で挙げた具体的な構造や形状などはほんの一例に過ぎず、適宜変更が可能である。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention. That is, the specific structure and shape described in the embodiment are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.

例えば、本実施形態では、燃料電池１１に直接温度センサ４２を設けた場合の説明をしたが、アノードオフガス排出配管３５におけるアノードオフガス排出用連通孔１４の直後（下流側）に、温度センサを設け、該温度センサの検出値に基づいて１２Ｖバッテリの充電可否を判定するように構成してもよい。また、温度センサを２箇所以上に設置し、それらの平均値によって１２Ｖバッテリの充電可否を判定するように構成してもよい。
また、本実施形態では、低温時の状況を冬季の低温環境下として例示したが、四季の温度差が少ない地域での利用を考慮するときなどでは、特定の低温状況下にあるか否かの見方でフローチャートを設定してもよい。 For example, in the present embodiment, the case where the temperature sensor 42 is directly provided in the fuel cell 11 has been described. However, a temperature sensor is provided immediately after (on the downstream side) the anode offgas discharge communication hole 14 in the anode offgas discharge pipe 35. Further, it may be configured to determine whether or not the 12V battery can be charged based on the detection value of the temperature sensor. Moreover, you may comprise so that the temperature sensor may be installed in two or more places, and the chargeability of a 12V battery may be determined by those average values.
Further, in this embodiment, the situation at low temperature is exemplified as a low temperature environment in winter, but when considering use in an area where the temperature difference between the four seasons is small, whether or not it is under a specific low temperature situation. A flowchart may be set according to the viewpoint.

１０…燃料電池システム １１…燃料電池 ４２…温度センサ ４５…ＥＣＵ（制御部） ６０…１２Ｖバッテリ（蓄電装置） ６３…ダウンバータ（蓄電装置充電手段） ６５…電圧センサ（蓄電装置監視手段） ７１…低温判定部（低温判定手段） ７２…１２ＶＢＡＴＴ充電電圧閾値変換部（電圧閾値変更手段） ７３…ダウンバータ出力変換部（出力変更手段） ７５…１２ＶＢＡＴＴ電圧判定部（電圧判定手段） Ｖ１…低温時充電開始電圧閾値 Ｖ２…低温時充電終了電圧閾値 Ｖ３…通常時充電開始電圧閾値 Ｖ４…通常時充電終了電圧閾値   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fuel cell system 11 ... Fuel cell 42 ... Temperature sensor 45 ... ECU (control part) 60 ... 12V battery (power storage device) 63 ... Downverter (power storage device charging means) 65 ... Voltage sensor (power storage device monitoring means) 71 ... Low temperature determination unit (low temperature determination unit) 72... 12 VBATT charge voltage threshold conversion unit (voltage threshold change unit) 73. Downverter output conversion unit (output change unit) 75... 12 VBATT voltage determination unit (voltage determination unit) V1. Start voltage threshold V2 ... Low temperature charge end voltage threshold V3 ... Normal charge start voltage threshold V4 ... Normal charge end voltage threshold

Claims (5)

アノード電極に燃料ガスを、カソード電極に酸化剤ガスを供給し発電を行う燃料電池と、
該燃料電池で発電された電力を蓄電可能な蓄電装置と、
該蓄電装置に前記電力を充電する際に、前記燃料電池と前記蓄電装置との間に配される蓄電装置充電手段と、
前記燃料電池に関する温度を検出可能な温度センサと、
該温度センサによって検出された前記温度が所定温度よりも低いか否かを判定する低温判定手段を有する制御部と、を備えた燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記制御部は、
前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置への充電を開始する低温時充電開始電圧閾値を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の通常時充電開始電圧閾値よりも高く設定する電圧閾値変更手段を備えていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell that generates power by supplying fuel gas to the anode electrode and oxidant gas to the cathode electrode; and
A power storage device capable of storing electric power generated by the fuel cell;
A power storage device charging means disposed between the fuel cell and the power storage device when charging the power to the power storage device;
A temperature sensor capable of detecting a temperature related to the fuel cell;
A fuel cell system comprising: a controller having low temperature determination means for determining whether or not the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined temperature;
The controller is
When the low temperature determination means determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the low temperature charge start voltage threshold value for starting charging the power storage device is a normal value when the temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. A fuel cell system comprising a voltage threshold value changing means for setting a voltage higher than the hourly charging start voltage threshold value. 前記電圧閾値変更手段は、
前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置への充電を終了する低温時充電終了電圧閾値を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の通常時充電終了電圧閾値よりも高く設定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 The voltage threshold value changing means includes
When the low temperature determination means determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the low temperature charge end voltage threshold for ending charging of the power storage device is normal when the temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system is set to be higher than an hourly charge end voltage threshold value. 前記制御部は、
前記低温判定手段において前記温度が前記所定温度よりも低いと判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力を、前記温度が前記所定温度以上と判定した場合の前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力よりも大きくする出力変更手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の燃料電池システム。 The controller is
When the low temperature determination unit determines that the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the output of the power storage device charging unit is greater than the output of the power storage device charging unit when the temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. The fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising output changing means for increasing the output. 前記蓄電装置の電圧を監視する蓄電装置監視手段を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になったか否かを判定する電圧判定手段を有し、
該電圧判定手段において前記電圧が前記所定電圧以下であると判定した場合に、前記出力変更手段は前記蓄電装置充電手段の出力をさらに大きく設定することを特徴とする請求項３に記載の燃料電池システム。 Power storage device monitoring means for monitoring the voltage of the power storage device,
The controller is
Voltage determining means for determining whether or not the voltage of the power storage device has become equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage;
4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein when the voltage determination unit determines that the voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, the output changing unit sets the output of the power storage device charging unit to be larger. system. 前記蓄電装置の電圧を監視する蓄電装置監視手段を備え、
前記燃料電池の発電停止中に、
前記制御部は、
前記蓄電装置の電圧が所定電圧以下になったか否かを判定する電圧判定手段を有し、
前記蓄電装置監視手段により前記電圧を定期的に監視し、
前記電圧判定手段において前記電圧が前記所定電圧以下であると判定した場合に、前記蓄電装置充電手段により前記蓄電装置の充電を開始することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の燃料電池システム。 Power storage device monitoring means for monitoring the voltage of the power storage device,
During the power generation stop of the fuel cell,
The controller is
Voltage determining means for determining whether or not the voltage of the power storage device has become equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage;
The voltage is regularly monitored by the power storage device monitoring means,
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the voltage determination unit determines that the voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, charging of the power storage device is started by the power storage device charging unit. .
JP2010059322A 2010-03-16 2010-03-16 Fuel cell system Pending JP2011192594A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2930052A3 (en) * 2014-04-08 2015-12-09 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Fuel cell hybrid system
CN106064560A (en) * 2015-04-20 2016-11-02 高雄应用科技大学 Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System And Control Method Thereof
CN110015158A (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-07-16 蔚来汽车有限公司 Vehicle A-battery management system and vehicle A-battery management method
CN112440744A (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-05 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Control method for electric quantity management of storage battery, vehicle control unit and management system
JP2023509173A (en) * 2019-12-31 2023-03-07 永安行科技股▲フン▼有限公司 Power supply method and system for hydrogen fuel cell stack, hydrogen fuel-powered moped vehicle and its transmission method and system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2930052A3 (en) * 2014-04-08 2015-12-09 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Fuel cell hybrid system
CN106064560A (en) * 2015-04-20 2016-11-02 高雄应用科技大学 Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System And Control Method Thereof
CN110015158A (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-07-16 蔚来汽车有限公司 Vehicle A-battery management system and vehicle A-battery management method
CN112440744A (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-05 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Control method for electric quantity management of storage battery, vehicle control unit and management system
CN112440744B (en) * 2019-08-29 2022-05-17 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Control method for electric quantity management of storage battery, vehicle control unit and management system
JP2023509173A (en) * 2019-12-31 2023-03-07 永安行科技股▲フン▼有限公司 Power supply method and system for hydrogen fuel cell stack, hydrogen fuel-powered moped vehicle and its transmission method and system
JP7352995B2 (en) 2019-12-31 2023-09-29 永安行科技股▲フン▼有限公司 Power supply method and system for hydrogen fuel cell stack, hydrogen fuel-powered moped vehicle and its transmission method and system

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