JP2011190350A - Carbonization apparatus for organic waste, and heat exchanger plate - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain high calorie carbohydrate and to prevent the blocking of dry distillation gas discharge duct due to the deposition of tar. <P>SOLUTION: A carbonization apparatus includes: an external heating type carbonization furnace 7 that generates dried sludge to be a fuel by transporting organic waste charged therein in a horizontal direction while heating; an exhaust tower 19 that is provided on an outlet side of carbonization furnace 7 in a direction intersecting a transfer direction of the organic waste, and composes an exhaust pathway where dry distillation gas generated by a carbonization treatment is exhausted; and a heat exchanger plate 41 that is provided on an inner wall of the exhaust tower 19 and where the tar content included in the dry distillation gas precipitates and deposits. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus for organic waste having a low-temperature carbonization furnace that generates carbide that can be used as boiler fuel for power plants from organic waste such as livestock excrement and sewage sludge, and heat transfer used in the carbonization apparatus. Regarding the board.

  Conventionally, low temperature carbonization furnaces are known that generate carbides that can be used as boiler fuel in power plants and the like from livestock droppings such as pig droppings, cow droppings and chicken droppings, and organic waste such as sewage sludge. In the low-temperature carbonization furnace, high-calorie carbide can be obtained by carbonizing organic waste at a low temperature, leaving a combustion calorie component in the carbide.

  As a low-temperature carbonization furnace, there is a rotary kiln having a raw material input port at one end, a discharge port at the other end, and a gas discharge port in the middle. In addition, the rotary furnace includes direct heating in which hot air is blown into the furnace with a burner, or indirect heating in which heating is performed from the outside of the furnace with a heater or the like, and the raw material is carbonized by any heating method. Moreover, in order to discharge | release the gas generated when carbonizing, the outlet of the gas which leads to a chimney is provided in the discharge port side of the carbide | carbonized_material in a carbonization furnace.

  In such a carbonization apparatus, it is desirable to perform carbonization at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. in order to completely remove volatile components such as tar that cause odor. On the other hand, since high temperature carbonization does not leave volatile components in the carbide, the calorie possessed by the calorie is low and the added value as fuel is low.

  Therefore, carbonization is performed at a low temperature of 400 to 500 ° C., for example, in order to leave volatile components and increase the calorie content of the carbide.

JP 2002-364816 A JP 2001-192667 A JP 7-268346 A

  However, in such low-temperature carbonization, the tar content volatilized along with the dry distillation gas generated during carbonization of the raw material is discharged from the dry distillation gas outlet, but the temperature decreases because this outlet is close to the outside air. There is a problem that the volatilized tar deposits and accumulates on the inner surface of the outlet, and gradually closes the vicinity of the outlet.

  Conventionally, as a countermeasure against the problem of tar deposition and blocking the outlet, a method of heating the outlet to prevent tar precipitation (see Patent Document 1) and a method of covering a portion in contact with outside air with a heat insulating material (Patent Document) 2). However, since tar easily precipitates with a slight temperature drop, precipitation cannot be completely prevented by heating only a part of the tar.

  There is also a method (see Patent Document 3) for preventing tar from depositing on the equipment after the discharge port without flowing tar from the discharge port by flowing a cooling gas such as air from the outside of the discharge port. However, it is impossible to make the temperature distribution of the inner wall of the outlet uniform even if the dry distillation gas is simply cooled with cooling gas, and tar is easily precipitated and solidified with a slight temperature drop, so it must be somewhere on the inner wall. There is a problem that tar is deposited and eventually the inside of the discharge port is blocked.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in the case where volatile components are left in carbonization at a low temperature of, for example, about 400 ° C. in order to leave the combustion calories of the carbide in the carbide. In addition, it is possible to recover the evaporated tar into carbide and obtain a high-calorie carbide, and at the same time to prevent clogging of the dry distillation gas discharge duct due to precipitation by tar, and to be used in this carbonization apparatus The purpose is to provide a heat transfer plate.

  According to the experimental results of the present inventors, it is known that although tar has various types of tar components, it precipitates and solidifies at approximately 200 to 500 ° C. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the problem of clogging due to tar deposition always occurs even if the outlet portion is heated or kept warm.

  Moreover, although precipitation of tar can be prevented if the temperature is raised to 600 ° C. or higher, since the dry distillation gas is normally burned by the secondary combustion device at the outlet of the discharge port, the discharged tar becomes ash, and the secondary combustion device It has also been confirmed that ash accumulates inside the subsequent devices. Maintenance work is required for ash accumulation.

  Based on the above knowledge, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an externally heated carbonization furnace that generates dry sludge as a fuel by transporting the input organic waste in the horizontal direction while heating. An exhaust tower provided on the outlet side of the carbonization furnace in a direction intersecting the transport direction of the organic waste and constituting a discharge path for discharging dry distillation gas generated by the carbonization process; and an inner wall surface of the exhaust tower And a heat transfer plate that deposits and deposits a tar content contained in the dry distillation gas.

  In addition, an external heating means for heating the heat transfer plate from the outside is provided, and the heat transfer plate is heated to a temperature at which the tar adhering to the surface of the heat transfer plate becomes liquid and falls by the external heating means. It is a feature.

  Furthermore, a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the surface of the heat transfer plate and the temperature of the space portion of the discharge path is provided, and when the difference between the measured temperatures becomes a predetermined temperature (for example, 50 ° C.) or less, It is characterized by raising the heating temperature of the heat transfer plate.

  According to the present invention, in an external heating type carbonization furnace in which dry matter such as livestock dung and sewage sludge is used as a raw material and carbonized, the high-calorie carbide is produced. The tar is returned to the carbide. Therefore, since organic sludge such as livestock dung and sewage sludge can be carbonized at a low temperature, a high-calorie carbide can be obtained. In addition, tar generated by low-temperature carbonization can be removed by adhering to the heat transfer plate, so that tar can be prevented from precipitating near the discharge port of the carbonization furnace and blocking the discharge port. Become.

The block diagram which shows embodiment of the carbonization apparatus of the organic waste which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows an example of the plane structure of the heat exchanger plate which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows the other example of the heat exchanger plate which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows the BB line cross section of the heat exchanger plate shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows other embodiment of the carbonization apparatus of the organic waste which concerns on this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory view showing an embodiment of a carbonization apparatus for organic waste according to the present invention.

  As shown in the figure, the carbonization apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is a carbonization process of organic sludge to produce carbide as a fuel. The carbonization apparatus 1 is composed mainly of a multistage low-temperature carbonization furnace, A rotary kiln type carbonization furnace main body 7 provided with an outer cave 5 and formed in a horizontal cylindrical shape, a sludge supply device 11 attached to the sludge intake 9 side of the carbonization furnace main body 7, and sludge of the carbonization furnace main body 7 A carbonized sludge cooling conveyor 15 that is provided on the discharge port 13 side and conveys the carbonized sludge while cooling, and is also provided on the sludge discharge port 13 side of the carbonization furnace main body, and discharges the dry distillation gas 16 generated by the carbonization treatment. An exhaust tower 19 serving as a dry distillation gas discharge channel 17 is provided.

  The sludge supply device 11 includes a sludge input hopper 23 that primarily stores the input sludge 21, a sludge screw conveyor 25 that feeds the stored sludge in the sludge input hopper 23 into the carbonization furnace body 7, and an electric motor 27 that drives the sludge screw conveyor 25. And.

  The carbonization furnace body 7 is a cylindrical rotary drum type, and conveys sludge forward by rotating with the driving force of the drive motor 29. In order to promote this feeding, it is possible to provide a gradient or provide a screw blade on the inner peripheral surface. Further, a heater 31 is provided between the inner cavities 3 and the outer cavities 5 of the carbonization furnace main body 7, and the introduced sludge is transported to the sludge discharge port 13 side while being dried by the heat from the heaters 31. Then, it is discharged as dried sludge 33.

  Moreover, the exhaust tower 19 provided in the sludge discharge port 13 side of the carbonization furnace main body 7 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and discharges the dry distillation gas 16 containing tar content generated together with the dry sludge during the carbonization process. It is discharged out of the system through the flow path 17. Further, in order to discharge the dry distillation gas 16 out of the system, the dry distillation gas 16 generated in the carbonization furnace is drawn out by using a chimney effect or by some method such as suction.

  The carbonized sludge cooling conveyor 15 has a cylindrical shape with a water cooling jacket attached thereto, and a screw 35 is internally provided therein. When the motor 37 is driven by the motor 35, the carbide is sent forward. And the carbide | carbonized_material 39 is discharged | emitted by the lower end of the discharge port drooping to the front end.

<Heat transfer plate>
In the carbonization apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, a heat transfer plate 41 made of a metal plate such as copper, stainless steel, or aluminum is disposed on the inner surface side along the dry distillation gas discharge passage 17 of the exhaust tower 19.

  FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of heat transfer plates 41 (six in this embodiment) are attached along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder in the direction of the center of the cylinder. These heat transfer plates 41 are provided with a heater 43 for supplying heat from the outside, and the tar adhering to the heat transfer plate 41 is liquefied and removed by heating of the heater 43. .

  In the above configuration, the tar component is contained in the dry distillation gas 16 generated in the carbonization process, and the tar component contained in the dry distillation gas is cooled and deposited on the surface of the heat transfer plate 41 cooled by the outside air. To do. At this time, an electric current is supplied to the heater 43 attached to the heat transfer plate 41 so that the tar attached to the heat transfer plate 41 becomes liquid and falls. As a result, the attached tar flows downward due to gravity and enters the carbide near the lower carbide outlet.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, organic sludge such as livestock dung and sewage sludge can be carbonized at a low temperature, so that a high calorie carbide can be obtained. Further, since tars generated by low-temperature carbonization can be removed by adhering to the heat transfer plate 41, tar is deposited near the discharge port 13 and the dry distillation gas discharge channel 17 of the carbonization furnace, and the discharge port 13 and the dry distillation gas. It is possible to prevent the discharge channel 17 from being blocked.

  FIG. 3 shows another example of the heat transfer plate according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. In FIG. 4, hatching is omitted.

  The heat transfer plate 41 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is arranged in a comb shape on each of the wall surfaces 47a and 47b facing each other in the exhaust tower 19 having the square exhaust passage 47, and the wall surfaces 47a and 47b facing each other. The heat transfer plates 41 are alternately arranged with a predetermined interval without contacting each other.

  In the above configuration, when dry organic sludge 21 is charged into the sludge charging hopper 23, the organic sludge 21 is supplied into the carbonization furnace body 7 by the sludge screw conveyor 25. The carbonization furnace main body 7 rotates with the driving force of the motor 29 and conveys organic sludge forward. The organic sludge is gradually carbonized while moving through the carbonization furnace body 7, and the generated dry distillation gas 16 is discharged from the exhaust tower 19.

  The dehydrated cake is carbonized at about 400 to 500 ° C. in the carbonization furnace body 7 and volatile substances are discharged as dry distillation gas. The carbonization furnace body in which the tar component is contained in the dry distillation gas 16 and the dry distillation gas 16 is high temperature. When it goes outside from 7, the dry distillation gas temperature is lowered by the outside air, and tar is deposited. At this time, the tar component contained in the dry distillation gas is cooled and deposited on the surface of the heat transfer plate 41 cooled by the outside air. A current is supplied to the heater 43 attached to the heat transfer plate 41 so that the tar adhering to the heat transfer plate 41 becomes a liquid and falls to a temperature at which the tar adheres downward due to gravity. It flows into the carbide near the lower carbide outlet.

  Therefore, also in this configuration, as in the above embodiment, organic sludge such as livestock dung and sewage sludge can be carbonized at a low temperature, so that a high calorie carbide can be obtained. Further, since tars generated by low-temperature carbonization can be removed by adhering to the heat transfer plate 41, it is possible to prevent tar from depositing near the discharge port of the carbonization furnace and closing the discharge port. It becomes.

<Temperature control of heat transfer plate>
As shown in FIG. 4, a thermometer 45a that measures the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 and a thermometer 45b that measures the gas temperature near the discharge port of the dry distillation gas are provided, and the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 is the gas temperature. The current to be supplied to the heater 43 as the heating means is set so that the temperature is slightly lower than that.

  Usually, since the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 measured by the thermometer 45a is lower than the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 45b, the tar contained in the dry distillation gas is deposited on the heat transfer plate 41. However, when the difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the heat transfer plate is small, the tar has fluidity and is discharged along with the carbide from the lower carbide discharge port through the heat transfer plate 41.

  It is desirable that the temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 be set in view of the amount of tar components contained in the carbide. Since the current flowing through the heater 43 is controlled to be constant, if the fluidity of the tar deposited on the heat transfer plate 41 is lost, the heat will not be taken from the heat transfer plate 41 when the tar liquefies and falls. The temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 rises, and tar again liquefies and falls. Therefore, the heater 43 that heats the heat transfer plate 41 is set to constant current control, not constant temperature control.

  By such control, the temperature also changes according to the amount and quality of the tar adhering to the heat transfer plate 41, so that the tar is stably deposited, liquefied and dropped, and the tar can be recovered in the carbide.

  The optimum temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 differs depending on the carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace body 7 and the sludge component.

  Further, when tar adhering to the surface of the heat transfer plate for some reason during operation is solidified, the tar becomes liquid from the heat transfer plate 41 and does not peel off, so that no heat is released and the temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 rises. . As described above, when the temperature of the heat transfer plate 41 rises and approaches the temperature of the dry distillation gas and the difference becomes a predetermined temperature or less, for example, when the difference becomes about 50 ° C., the heat transfer is once performed. After raising the temperature of the plate 41 to liquefy tar, the tar component can be removed from the dry distillation gas by lowering the temperature again.

  The above temperature control can be performed manually or automatically by a programmable controller.

<Other embodiments>
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the example in which the heat transfer plate 41 is provided over the entire surface of the exhaust tower 19 is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. A heat transfer plate may be provided only near the exhaust port of the tower 19.

  In the above embodiment, the heat transfer plate 41 is fixedly provided along the wall surface of the exhaust tower 19, but may be provided detachably on the exhaust tower 19. In this case, a method is provided in which notches are provided in the exhaust tower 19 so that the heat transfer plates 41 are inserted one by one, or a housing in which the heat transfer plates 41 are previously incorporated is as shown in FIGS. It may be configured so as to be detachably fitted to the inner surface of the exhaust tower 19. In this case, it is preferable that the heat transfer plate 41 is detachably provided only near the exhaust port of the exhaust tower 19 as shown in FIG. Thus, by making the heat transfer plate 41 detachable, maintenance is facilitated, and replacement when the aging deteriorates and increase / decrease in the number of heat transfer plates 41 are facilitated.

  Further, as the external heating method of the carbonization furnace, the heater 31 is used in each of the above embodiments, but a hot air method of heating with hot air may be used.

  Further, in the above embodiment, in order to discharge the dry distillation gas 16 out of the system, the dry distillation gas 16 generated in the carbonization furnace is drawn out by using a chimney effect or by some method such as suction. However, as an example of suction, suction may be performed by a suction blower (not shown), and an outlet for a combustion gas such as propane is provided in an exhaust tower (chimney). A suction action may be obtained by an upward air flow or momentum generated when burning.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Carbonization apparatus 3 ... Inner cave 5 ... Outer cave 7 ... Carbonization furnace main body 9 ... Sludge intake 11 ... Sludge supply apparatus 13 ... Sludge discharge port 15 ... Carbonized sludge cooling conveyor 17 ... Dry distillation gas discharge flow path 19 ... Exhaust tower 21 ... Organic sludge (input sludge)
23 ... Sludge charging hopper 25 ... Sludge screw conveyor 27 ... Electric motor 29 ... Drive motor 31 ... Heating heater 33 ... Dry sludge 35 ... Screw 37 ... Motor 39 ... Carbide 41 ... Heat transfer plate 43 ... Heater 43 ... Heat transfer plate 45 ... Temperature 45a, 45b ... Thermometer 47 ... Exhaust passage 47a, 47b ... Wall surface

Claims (7)

An externally heated carbonization furnace that generates dried sludge to be transported in the horizontal direction while heating the input organic waste,
On the outlet side of the carbonization furnace, an exhaust tower provided in a direction intersecting with the transport direction of the organic waste and constituting an exhaust path for discharging dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization process;
A heat transfer plate that is provided on the inner wall surface of the exhaust tower and deposits and deposits tar content contained in the dry distillation gas;
An organic waste carbonization apparatus comprising: The carbonization apparatus for organic waste according to claim 1,
An external heating means for heating the heat transfer plate from the outside is provided, and the heat transfer plate is heated to a temperature at which tar attached to the surface of the heat transfer plate becomes liquid and drops by the external heating means. Organic waste carbonization equipment. The carbonization apparatus for organic waste according to claim 2,
Temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer plate surface and the temperature of the space portion of the discharge path is provided, and the heating temperature of the heat transfer plate is raised when the difference between the measured temperatures becomes a predetermined temperature or less. An organic waste carbonization device characterized by that. In the carbonization apparatus of the organic waste according to claim 3,
As a result of the temperature measurement by the temperature measuring means, when the surface temperature of the heat transfer plate rises and approaches the temperature of the dry distillation gas, once the temperature of the heat transfer plate is raised to liquefy tar, the temperature is lowered again. An organic waste carbonization device characterized by that.   A heat transfer characterized by being formed by a metal plate and provided along a discharge path of dry distillation gas generated when carbonizing organic waste, and depositing and adhering tar content contained in the dry distillation gas Board. The heat transfer plate according to claim 5,
A heat transfer plate comprising an external heating means for heating to a temperature at which a tar content adhering to a surface becomes liquid and falls. The heat transfer plate according to claim 5 or 6,
A heat transfer plate configured to be detachable from the discharge path.

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