JP2011125246A - Wall surface-greening panel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wall surface-greening panel to which plants are readily and easily planted while having an extremely light and compact structure, so as to perform watering in an ideal environment. <P>SOLUTION: The wall surface-greening panel includes a fiber mat plate 1 obtained by three-dimensionally aggregating fibers in a prescribed thickness and having water permeability and water retention owing to minute spaces formed between the fibers. The fiber mat plate 1 opens at the front surface and is provided with a plurality of planting-retention holes 2 into which plants S are planted to be retained. The wall surface-greening panel supplies water to the roots of the plants S planted in the planting-retention holes 2 through the fiber mat plate 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a wall greening panel for a vegetation base used for planting a plant on a wall surface that is an inclined surface or a vertical surface such as an outer wall of a building, an indoor wall, or a wall of a building.

  The most common structure for planting a wall of a building is a structure in which a large number of flower pots are fixed to a wall surface at a predetermined interval and plants are planted in the flower pot. This structure has disadvantages that a flowerpot protrudes from the wall surface and that it takes time to irrigate each flowerpot. A wall greening panel has been developed in which this disadvantage is solved and plants are planted on a flat wall. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2)

  As shown in FIG. 1, the wall greening panel of Patent Document 1 is provided with a first gap 81 and a second gap 82 inside, and a plurality of leads connected to the first gap 81 or the second gap 82 on the surface. The hollow base body 80 provided with the through hole 83 is provided. The plant S is planted so that the root side is housed in the first gap 81 and the tip side is inserted into the through hole 83 and protrudes from the surface of the base body 80. Further, in this wall surface greening panel, the plant S is planted in the first gap 81 as a greening portion 85, and the second gap 82 is used as the sound absorbing portion 86. A long mat member 84 is fixed to the greening portion 85, and the roots of the plant S are planted on the mat member 84. The mat member 84 is obtained by laminating a mesh sheet on a nonwoven fabric, and is planted on the mat member 84 in a state where the roots of the plant S are sandwiched between the nonwoven fabric and the mesh sheet.

  Furthermore, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the wall greening panel of Patent Document 2 is a porous in which a water retention mat 91 having a large water retention capacity is fixed to a wall surface with anchor bolts 92 and plants S are planted on the surface of the water retention mat 91. The greening base 93 made of concrete is overlapped, and the four corners of the wire mesh 96 covering the surface of the greening base 93 are fixed to the wall 90 with anchor bolts 97, and the greening base 93 is attached so as to be pressed against the water retaining mat 91. An irrigation pipe 94 having a large number of drip holes 95 is provided along the upper edge of the water retention mat 91, and the irrigation pipe 94 supplies water to the greening base 93 through the water retention mat 91.

JP 10-248393 A JP 2002-77 A

  The wall greening panels shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 have drawbacks that it takes time to plant plants and that it is difficult to irrigate the planted plants in an ideal state. In particular, the wall greening panel of FIG. 1 is planted in a mat material in which the roots of plants are fixed in the internal space, and is cultivated by passing through the surface through-holes. There is. Furthermore, when the planted plants are depleted, there is a drawback that planting new seedlings is more laborious. Since the wall greening panel of FIG. 2 is planted in porous concrete, the plant cannot grow in an ideal environment, and it takes time and effort to plant, and because it is heavy, it cannot be easily and easily constructed. .

  The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide a wall greening panel in which plants can be planted easily and easily while having an extremely light and compact structure, and can be irrigated in an ideal environment.

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention

  The wall surface greening panel of the present invention includes a fiber mat plate 1 in which fibers are three-dimensionally gathered to a predetermined thickness and water permeability and water retention are realized by fine gaps formed between the fibers. Yes. The fiber mat plate 1 is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes 2 that open to the front surface and plant and hold the plant S. The wall greening panel supplies water from the fiber mat plate 1 to the roots of the plant S planted in the planting holding hole 2.

  The wall greening panel described above has the advantage that it can be irrigated in an ideal environment by planting plants easily and easily while having an extremely light and compact structure. The wall greening panel of the present invention is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes in a fiber mat plate in which fibers are three-dimensionally assembled to a predetermined thickness to achieve water permeability and water retention. This is because water is supplied from the fiber mat plate to the roots of the plants planted in the planting holding holes. This wall greening panel can plant a plant in the fiber mat plate very easily because the plant is planted in a planting holding hole opened in the front surface of the fiber mat plate. Furthermore, this wall greening panel supplies water to the roots of the plant from a fiber mat plate that has water permeability and water retention, so that the water supplied from the outside is supplied to the plant in an ideal environment, making the plant ideal. Can grow naturally.

The wall surface greening panel of the present invention comprises a plurality of mats in which a fiber mat plate 1 is formed by three-dimensionally gathering fibers to a predetermined thickness to achieve water permeability and water retention with fine voids formed between the fibers. The planted holding hole 2 can be provided by being formed of a laminate of the layers 11 and penetrating through the plurality of mat layers 11.
Since the wall greening panel has a plurality of mat layers stacked to form a fiber mat plate, the thickness of the fiber mat plate can be easily adjusted by variously changing the number of mat layers to be stacked. Therefore, a fiber mat plate having an optimum thickness can be easily and easily manufactured according to the installation conditions and installation environment of the wall greening panel, the type of plant to be grown, and the like.

In the wall greening panel of the present invention, the aggregate density of the fibers of the plurality of mat layers 11 that are laminated can be set to different densities.
Since this wall greening panel forms a fiber mat plate by laminating a plurality of mat layers having different fiber assembly densities, it is possible to supply moisture to the plant roots in a more ideal state.

The wall surface greening panel of the present invention can fix a plurality of mat layers 11 with a fixing sheet 5 that is bonded to the outer peripheral surface.
In this wall surface greening panel, the outer peripheral surfaces of a plurality of mat layers are bonded to each other with a fixing sheet to form a fiber mat plate. Therefore, the plurality of mat layers can be easily and easily connected to each other in a laminated state. Furthermore, since this wall greening panel adheres a fixing sheet to the outer peripheral surface of the fiber mat plate composed of a plurality of mat layers, the plant roots are exposed to the outside from the outer peripheral surface of the fiber mat plate while making the wall greening panel have a clean appearance. Stretching can be suppressed with a fixed sheet.

The wall surface greening panel of the present invention can be laminated with a plurality of mat layers 11 in a non-adhesive state.
Since this wall greening panel laminates a plurality of mat layers without adhering a plurality of mat layers, that is, without providing an adhesive layer on the boundary surface between each other, the adhesive layer is formed at the boundary portion of the laminated mat layers. This does not prevent the diffusion of water. For this reason, there is no root growth suppression by the adhesive layer, and there is a feature that the water can be smoothly transferred and the plant can be grown in a preferable environment.

In the wall greening panel of the present invention, the thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 can be 3 cm or more. Moreover, the wall surface greening panel of this invention can make the thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 thinner than 10 cm.
This wall greening panel can grow in a favorable environment while stably holding a plant by inserting it into a planting holding hole.

In the wall greening panel of the present invention, the fiber mat plate 1 can bond the intersections of the fibers with a binder.
The fiber mat plate in which the intersections of the fibers are bonded with a binder can firmly bond the fibers and improve the strength of the fiber mat plate. For this reason, the plant inserted in the planting holding hole can be stably held.

Moreover, the wall surface greening panel of this invention can couple | bond a fiber with the fiber mat plate 1 by a needle punch.
A fiber mat plate in which fibers are bonded by a needle punch can be mass-produced at low cost.

The wall surface greening panel of the present invention can incline the planting holding hole 2 of the fiber mat plate 1 in an upward gradient toward the front surface.
This wall greening panel has a feature that can stably hold a plant inserted and planted in a planting holding hole so as not to fall from the planting holding hole.

In the wall greening panel of the present invention, the fiber mat plate 1 has a through hole 12 provided in the mat layer 11 formed by laminating the lower inner surface 12A of the through hole 12 of the mat layer 11 laminated on the front surface. It can arrange | position above 12 A of lower inner surfaces.
In this wall greening panel, the lower inner surface of the through hole is arranged upward from the back side to the front side of the laminated mat layer, so that the planting holding hole of the fiber mat plate is substantially directed from the back side to the front side. The plant that is provided upwards and is inserted into the planting holding hole and planted can be stably held so as not to fall from the planting holding hole. In particular, this fiber mat plate is provided with through holes in a plurality of mat layers laminated in the front and back, and then laminated while shifting the position of the lower inner surface of these through holes, thereby making it easy to plant and hold the hole. Can be provided upward. In addition, in the state where a plurality of mat layers are stacked, the planting holding holes can be inclined upwardly toward the front surface while the planting holding holes are vertically provided in each laminated fiber mat plate. For this reason, a planting holding hole can be easily provided in the fiber mat plate with a Thomson blade or the like.

It is a perspective view of the conventional wall surface greening panel. It is sectional drawing of the other conventional wall surface greening panel. It is a perspective view of the wall surface greening panel concerning one Example of this invention. It is the bottom perspective view which looked at the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. 3 from the lower side. It is the VV sectional view taken on the wall greening panel shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which planted the plant on the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which greens a wall surface with the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the wall surface greening panel concerning the other Example of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which planted the plant on the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which plants a plant on the wall surface greening panel shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the wall surface greening panel concerning the other Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the Example shown below illustrates the wall surface greening panel for materializing the technical idea of this invention, and this invention does not specify a wall surface greening panel to the following.

  Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

  The wall greening panel shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 includes a fiber mat plate 1 in which fibers are three-dimensionally assembled. The fiber mat plate 1 is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes 2 for planting and holding the plant S in the front surface. As shown in FIG. 8, the wall greening panel is fixed in a posture perpendicular to the wall surface 30 of the building, or fixed in a posture perpendicular to a fence or a wire mesh, and planted in the planting holding hole 2. To grow the wall 30 green.

  The fiber mat plate 1 is a three-dimensionally aggregated fiber having a predetermined thickness, and achieves water permeability and water retention by fine voids formed between the fibers. The fiber mat plate 1 having water permeability and water retention stores water supplied from the outside while permeating it, and supplies water to the roots of the plant S planted in the planting holding hole 2 opened in the front surface. Grow plants. The fiber mat plate 1 is a state in which waste fibers separated from waste waste of woven fabric braided with synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled and pressed with a predetermined pressure to create innumerable voids between the waste fibers. In this case, the intersections of the waste fibers are bonded with a binder.

  The fiber mat plate 1 is manufactured by effectively using waste waste, which is a piece of woven fabric generated in a large amount at a sewing factory. Waste cloth waste can be opened and processed into fibers. However, it goes without saying that the fiber mat plate can contain not only fibers opened from waste waste but also virgin fibers. In the fiber opening, for example, waste waste of the woven fabric is pulled from the surface with a needle and processed into a fiber shape. However, the present invention does not specify a method for separating waste waste into fibers. As a method for processing waste waste into waste fiber, all methods currently used or developed in the future can be used.

  The fiber mat plate 1 uses waste waste of woven fabric containing synthetic fibers. As the synthetic fiber contained in the waste waste, a polyester synthetic fiber, for example, Tetoron (registered trademark) is suitable. Polyester synthetic fibers are tough, rich in durability, and excellent in chemical resistance, so that they can be used stably for a long period of time. Therefore, the waste waste preferably contains 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and most preferably 80% by weight or more of polyester-based synthetic fiber. However, synthetic waste such as polyamide synthetic fibers and polyacrylic synthetic fibers, or natural fibers can be used as the waste waste.

  The waste fibers separated into fibers are gathered to a predetermined thickness without directivity so that the directions of the fibers are not aligned. A fiber mat plate that joins the intersections of fibers with a binder adds binder fibers to bind the waste fibers. A polyester fiber having a low melting point is used as the binder fiber. However, as the binder fiber, a fiber other than the polyester fiber having a low melting point, that is, a fiber having a lower melting point than the waste fiber can be used. The added amount of the binder fiber is 5 to 30% by weight of the whole. If the added amount of the binder fiber is small, the waste fiber cannot be sufficiently bonded. When there is too much addition amount of a binder fiber, while the porosity between waste fibers will fall, raw material cost will become high. This is because the binder fiber is not produced from waste waste, but is added as a separately produced raw material.

  The binder fiber is added to the waste fiber and uniformly dispersed. The waste fibers to which the binder fibers are added gather in a predetermined thickness in a three-dimensional direction and are then heated and pressurized to bond the intersection points of the waste fibers with the heat-melted binder fibers. The ratio of pressing and thinning the waste fibers assembled to a predetermined thickness is set to an optimum value depending on the use of the fiber mat plate. For example, 10 to 50% of the aggregate thickness is optimally optimized. Is about 25%.

  When the collected waste fibers are pressed thinly, the voids of the waste fibers become smaller and densely gathered. For this reason, the voids of the waste fibers become fine, the water retention is improved, and the drainage is reduced. On the other hand, when the press is thick, the drainage is improved, but the water retention is reduced. Therefore, the ratio of pressing the aggregated waste fibers is set to an optimum value for the plant to be cultivated in consideration of water retention and drainage. Since the wall surface greening panel of the present invention is used for cultivation of various plants, the plant can be grown in a more comfortable environment by adjusting the fiber mat plate 1 for water retention and drainage optimal for the plant to be cultivated.

  The thickness for collecting the waste fibers is adjusted so that the thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 becomes an optimum thickness. The fiber mat plate 1 can be thickened to improve water retention. However, if the fiber mat plate is thickened, the manufacturing cost increases and the wall greening panel cannot be disposed in a space-saving manner. Therefore, in consideration of these points, the wall greening panel has a thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 of 3 cm or more and is thinner than 10 cm. The thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 is preferably 4 to 8 cm, and most preferably about 6 cm. The fiber mat plate 1 is pressed to add the binder fibers to gather the waste fibers so as to have this thickness.

  A method in which binder fibers are added to the waste fibers and gathered to a predetermined thickness, and then heated and pressed to bond the waste fibers at the intersection, without reducing the gaps between the waste fibers, that is, with water retention. The waste fibers can be bonded to a predetermined thickness without deteriorating drainage. The method of bonding the waste fiber by melting the binder fiber with heat is, for example, heating the waste fiber assembled to a predetermined thickness to a temperature at which the binder fiber melts, and then pressing to cool the binder fiber. Can be cured to bind waste fibers. This method can be most efficiently produced in large quantities using a thermal bond machine. Furthermore, this method can also press the aggregated waste fibers with a cold press. However, as a method of binding the waste fibers, a hot press can be used to press the aggregated waste fibers while heating them with a hot plate to melt the binder fibers and bond the waste fibers.

  Furthermore, the fiber mat plate 1 sprays a liquid or paste-like binder in an uncured state when collecting the waste fibers without using the binder fibers, and then presses the binder to cure the waste fibers. Can also be combined.

  Furthermore, the three-dimensionally gathered fiber waste can be entangled and bonded by a needle punch or a water jet. The fibers assembled in this state have more voids between the fibers. Therefore, water can be absorbed into the fine voids of the fiber by capillary action. Furthermore, in order to reduce the voids of the fibers, the collected fiber waste is pressed. At this time, if the press pressure is too high, there are no voids between the fiber scraps, so pressing is performed in a state where innumerable voids exist between the aggregated fibers. In a state where the fiber waste is pressed, the fibers are bonded to the intersections and cured into a pressed state.

  Furthermore, the fiber mat plate 1 shown in the figure disperses and supplies fertilizer grains 13 between fibers when the fibers such as waste fibers are gathered to a predetermined thickness, and disperses zeolite as a holding material 16. Supply. Since the zeolite which is the holding material 16 once holds part of the fertilizer eluted in water and then gradually releases it, the fertilizer can be supplied to the plant S over a long period of time. However, pearlite, ceramic, charcoal, etc. can be used for the holding material supplied to the fiber mat plate. The fiber mat plate 1 is provided with fertilizer grains 13 and holding materials 16 dispersed in fiber gaps. For this reason, when the plant S is grown, the fertilizer component is supplied from the fertilizer grains 13, and a part of the fertilizer eluted into the water from the holding material 16 is gradually released, so that the plant S can be propagated well. There is. The fertilizer grains 13 and the holding material 16 are held inside the fiber mat plate 1 as grains having a size that does not move from the gaps between the fibers. A fiber mat plate, which will be described later, formed by laminating a plurality of mat layers, can also be disposed by dispersing fertilizer grains and holding materials between the mat layers. The fertilizer grains and the holding material can be disposed between the mat layers by adhering to the surface of the mat layer through a binder. As described above, the fiber mat plate 1 containing the fertilizer grains 14 and the holding material 16 can grow the plant S in a more ideal state. However, the fiber mat plate does not necessarily need to contain fertilizer grains and a holding material, and can also contain only one of the fertilizer grains and the holding material (see FIG. 9).

  Furthermore, the fiber mat plate 1 shown in the figure is provided with a surface protective layer 4 on the front surface. The surface protective layer 4 protects the surface of the fiber mat plate 1 from sunlight and wind and rain to prevent the fiber mat plate 1 from deteriorating. The surface protective layer 4 can be provided by adhering a protective sheet made of polyester fibers having excellent weather resistance to the front surface of the fiber mat plate 1, or it can be weather resistant on the front surface of the fiber mat plate 1. An excellent paint can be applied and provided, or alternatively, a weather-resistant paint can be applied to the surface of the protective sheet adhered to the front surface of the fiber mat plate 1. Thus, the wall greening panel provided with the surface protection layer 4 having excellent weather resistance on the front surface of the fiber mat plate 1 effectively prevents the deterioration of the fiber mat plate 1 even in a severe environment exposed to sunlight and wind and rain. Thus, the fiber mat plate 1 can be protected over a long period of time.

  The wall greening panel shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 uses a fiber mat plate 1 as a laminate of a plurality of mat layers 11. The illustrated fiber mat plate 1 has three mat layers 11 stacked and connected. In the fiber mat plate 1 that is a laminate of a plurality of mat layers 11, the thickness of the fiber mat plate 1 is determined by the thickness and number of mat layers 11 to be laminated. In the fiber mat plate 1 shown in the figure, the thickness of each mat layer 11 is about 2 cm, and three mat layers 11 are laminated to a total thickness of about 6 cm. However, the fiber mat plate is a single-layer mat layer 11 as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, or a laminate of two mat layers (not shown), or four or more mat layers. It can also be set as a laminated body. As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the fiber mat plate 1 including the single-layer mat layer 11 sets the thickness of the mat layer 11 within the above-described range.

  In the fiber mat plate 1 composed of a laminate of a plurality of mat layers 11, a plurality of mat layers 11 laminated with each other have different fiber aggregate densities. The fiber mat plate 1 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 has a higher density of mat layers 11 stacked on the front side than that of mat layers 11 stacked on the middle or back side. The fiber mat plate 1 can strengthen and reinforce the mat layer 11 on the front side. The fiber mat plate can reinforce both surfaces firmly by using a mat layer laminated on the back side with a high aggregate density. The laminated mat 11 laminated in the middle has a lower assembly density than the mat layer 11 on the front side, increases the fiber gap, and is more flexible than the mat layer 11 on the front side. The flexible mat layer 11 having a large fiber gap can ideally grow by allowing the roots of the plant S to smoothly enter the fiber gap.

  Further, the fiber mat plate 1 made of a plurality of mat layers 11 penetrates the plurality of mat layers 11 and is provided with planting holding holes 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the fiber mat plate 1 is provided with a through hole 12 at a predetermined position of the mat layers 11 stacked on each other to form a planting holding hole 2. The plurality of mat layers 11 have through holes 12 at positions facing each other. As shown in FIG. 5, the plurality of mat layers 11 are connected to each other in a state where the plurality of mat layers 11 are stacked. The planting holding hole 2 is configured.

  The planting holding hole 2 can be provided by cutting the mat layer 11 so as to be punched with a Thomson blade (not shown). The mat layer 11 cut with the Thomson blade can form a cylindrical cut piece at the planting holding hole 2 portion. The cut piece can be inserted so as not to fall into the planting holding hole 2. The cut piece can be used as a lid for closing a planting holding hole where a plant is not planted. Therefore, in a state where the plant is not planted in all planting holding holes, the planting holding hole where the plant is not planted is closed with the cut piece. This wall surface greening panel can hold the planting holding hole of the wall surface greening panel in a clean state until the partially planted plant covers the entire surface of the wall surface greening panel. This is because it is possible to prevent the planting holding hole where the plant is not planted from being exposed on the surface of the wall greening panel and conspicuous.

  The planting holding hole 2 of the fiber mat plate 1 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is formed by laminating a lower inner surface 12A, which is an inner surface of the through hole 12 of the mat layer 11 laminated on the front side, on the rear side. It arrange | positions above 12 A of lower side inner surfaces which are the inner surfaces of the through-hole 12 provided in the mat layer 11 which becomes. In the illustrated fiber mat plate 1, the heights of the through holes 12 provided in the back mat layer 11 and the lower inner surface 12 </ b> A of the through holes 12 provided in the intermediate mat layer 11 are made equal to each other. The lower inner surface 12 </ b> A of the through hole 12 provided in the upper side is disposed above the lower inner surface 12 </ b> A of the through hole 12 provided in the back side and the intermediate mat layer 11. Since the fiber mat plate 1 has the lower inner surface 12A of the through hole 12 arranged upward from the back side to the front side of the mat layer 11 to be laminated, the plant S to be inserted and planted in the planting holding hole 2. In addition, there is a feature that the planting material 3 filled in the planting holding hole 2 can be stably held so as not to fall from the planting holding hole 2. In the illustrated fiber mat plate, the lower inner surface 12A of the through hole 12 of the back mat layer 11 and the lower inner surface of the through hole 12 of the intermediate mat layer 11 have the same height, but are provided in a plurality of mat layers. The height of the lower inner surface of the through hole can be gradually increased from the back side toward the front side.

  Furthermore, in the fiber mat plate 1 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the inner shape of the through-hole 12 of the mat layer 11 arranged on the front side is different from the inner shape of the through-hole 12 of the mat layer 11 arranged on the back side. Is also small. The fiber mat plate 1 shown in the figure has the same inner shape of the through hole 12 provided in the back mat layer 11 and the through hole 12 provided in the intermediate mat layer 11 and provided in the front mat layer 11. The inner shape of the through-hole 12 is made smaller than the through-hole 12 provided in the back surface side and the intermediate mat layer 11. Since this fiber mat plate 1 can increase the inner shape of the planting holding hole 2 from the front side to the back side of the mat layer 11 to be laminated, the root of the plant S to be planted in the planting holding hole 2 is planted. There is a feature that can be stably stored in the inner part of the holding hole 2. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the plant S can be ideally grown by filling a large depth of the planting holding hole 2 with a large amount of the planting material 3. Further, by making the through hole 12 on the front side small, the plant S and the planting material 3 inserted into the planting holding hole 2 can be effectively prevented from spilling out from the planting holding hole 2. In the fiber mat plate 1 described above, the opening portions can be easily and easily formed by laminating the front and rear mat layers 11 after opening the through holes 12 having different sizes in the plurality of mat layers 11 and shifting the centers. As upward, the planting holding hole 2 which makes a back part wide can be provided. However, the through-holes opened in the plurality of mat layers stacked in the front-rear direction can be the same-sized through-holes without necessarily changing the size in the front-rear direction.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, the planting holding hole 2 provided in the fiber mat plate 11 can be opened by being inclined upward from the back side toward the front side. The fiber mat plate 1 can be provided with a planting holding hole 2 by opening a through-hole 12 having a downward slope from the front surface to the back surface, for example. Since this planting holding hole 2 can also make the lower inner surface 12A of the through hole 12 downward from the front side to the back side, the plant S and the planting material 3 to be planted by being inserted into the planting holding hole 2 can be used. There is a feature that can be stably held so as not to fall from the planting holding hole 2.

  The above fiber mat plate 1 is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes 2 for planting the plants S at predetermined positions on the front surface. The fiber mat plate 1 shown in the figure is provided with five planting holding holes 2 opened at equal intervals on the diagonal line with the center. However, in the fiber mat plate, the number of planting holding holes to be opened may be 4 or less, or 6 or more. These fiber mat plates can also ideally grow plants planted here by providing a plurality of planting holding holes at equal intervals.

  The planting holding hole 2 shown in FIGS. 3, 6, 10, and 12 is circular and has an inner diameter of about 5 cm so that the plant S can be planted. However, the planting holding hole can have an inner diameter of 3 cm to 10 cm. Moreover, the planting holding hole is not limited to a circular shape, but may be a polygonal shape or an elliptical shape. The illustrated fiber mat plate 1 is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes 2 at a predetermined interval, but the spacing (d) of the planting holding holes can be set to, for example, 5 cm to 30 cm.

  A fiber mat plate 1 that is a laminate of a plurality of mat layers 11 has each mat layer 11 laminated in a non-adhered state. In the fiber mat plate 1 of FIGS. 3 to 7, a plurality of mat layers 11 are fixed by a fixing sheet 5 bonded to the outer peripheral surface, and the mat layers 11 are laminated in a non-adhered state. However, the fiber mat plate can be connected in a non-adhered state by sewing a plurality of mat layers. Since the mat layer 11 laminated in a non-adhesive state is laminated without providing an adhesive layer at the boundary portion, the adhesive layer does not prevent the diffusion of water, and the adhesive layer prevents the root of the mat layer between the layers. Growth is not suppressed. For this reason, there is a feature that a plant root can be ideally grown while smoothly transferring moisture, and the plant can be grown in a preferable environment. However, the plurality of mat layers can be partially bonded, or bonded and laminated in a water-permeable state. This fiber mat plate can laminate a plurality of mat layers more firmly.

  The fiber mat plate 1 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 10 has a fixing sheet 5 bonded to both sides and upper and lower sides, and a plurality of mat layers 11 are connected and fixed on the outer peripheral surface. The mat layer 11 to be laminated has the same outer shape and a flat outer peripheral surface, and the fixing sheet 5 is bonded thereto. The fixing sheet 5 may be a non-woven fabric or a plastic sheet that allows moisture to pass through but does not allow plant roots to pass through. The fixing sheet 5 that allows water to permeate can be supplied to the inner fiber mat plate 1 through permeated water supplied from the outside, for example, water sprayed from above or rainwater. Further, the fixing sheet 5 that does not allow plant roots to pass through effectively prevents the roots of the plant S planted in the planting holding hole 2 from extending outside the wall greening panel, and the wall greening panel has a clean appearance over a long period of time. Can be. 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11 remove the fixing sheet 5 (see FIGS. 6 and 10) adhered to the lower surface and remove the back surface of the fiber mat plate 1. The water guide diffusion sheet 7 laminated on the bottom is pulled out from the lower surface. The fiber mat plate 1 for projecting the water guide diffusion sheet 7 from the lower surface will be described in detail later, but the lower end of the water guide diffusion sheet 7 is disposed in the water supply part provided below the wall greening panel. Water can be replenished from the inside of the fiber mat plate 1 by absorbing water from 7.

  Furthermore, the wall surface greening panel shown in the figure has a water diffusion sheet 7 laminated on the back surface of the fiber mat plate 1. Further, the wall greening panel shown in the figure has a reinforcing plate 6 laminated and fixed on the back surface. The wall greening panel in this figure is formed by laminating a water diffusion sheet 7 between the fiber mat plate 1 and the reinforcing plate 6 and fixing the reinforcing plate 6 to the fiber mat plate 1 via the fixing sheet 5. Yes. The wall greening panel shown in FIG. 4 is bonded by extending the side edge of the fixed sheet 5 from the outer peripheral surface of the fiber mat plate 1 to the back surface of the reinforcing plate 6.

  The water guide diffusion sheet 7 is laminated on the back surface portion of the fiber mat plate 1, so that the supplied water penetrates the whole and uniformly supplies the fiber mat plate 1. The water guide diffusion sheet 7 is a sheet that diffuses water by capillarity, and densely aggregates submerged synthetic fibers that are thinner than the fibers of the fiber mat plate 1. However, as the water guide diffusion sheet, any material that can quickly absorb the supplied water and pass the water, for example, cloth, filter paper, woven fabric, plastic foam sheet having fine open cells, and the like can be used. Furthermore, as the water diffusion sheet, the above sheet material can be used alone, or a laminate of a plurality of sheets can be used. The water guide diffusion sheet 7 diffuses water by a capillary phenomenon, shifts water in a region with a high moisture content to a region with a low moisture content, diffuses the water throughout the fiber mat plate 1, and makes the moisture content uniform. Adjust to. The wall greening panel shown in FIG. 5 has a lower end of the water guide diffusion sheet 7 protruding from the lower surface, so that moisture can be absorbed from this portion and supplied to the fiber mat plate 1. As shown by the chain line in FIG. 5, the wall greening panel has a lower end of the water guide diffusion sheet 7 disposed in the water supply section 9 disposed below, and draws water from the water supply section 9 to the fiber mat plate 1. Can supply. The water supply part 9 shown to a figure is a trough of upper opening. The water guide diffusion sheet 5 is disposed with its lower end extended to the bottom of the ridge, and water is sucked from this portion and supplied to the fiber mat plate 1.

  The reinforcing plate 6 is disposed on the back surface of the fiber mat plate 1 to reinforce the fiber mat plate 1. The reinforcing plate 6 can be a fiber plate in which waste fibers are gathered and pressed into a thin plate shape via a binder. The reinforcing plate 6 has a structure in which fibers are pressed and consolidated, so that the whole is lightweight and flexible, and further, it effectively prevents deterioration due to sunlight and wind and rain, and the fiber mat plate is used over a long period of time. 1 can be reinforced. However, a plastic plate can be used as the reinforcing plate instead of the fiber plate formed by pressing and solidifying the fibers.

  Furthermore, the fiber mat plate 1 formed by laminating a plurality of mat layers 11 shown in FIG. 13 is provided with a diffusion layer 14 having a higher water diffusibility than the mat layer 11 between the mat layers 11. The diffusion layer 14 is a collection of fibers that are thinner than the mat layer 11, and quickly diffuses water by capillary action. The same sheet as the water guide diffusion sheet 7 can be used for the diffusion layer 14. However, since the water guide diffusion sheet absorbs water from the lower end and raises it by capillary action, a sheet that can raise water more effectively than the diffusion layer sheet, that is, by capillary action, is used. The diffusion layer 14 diffuses the supplied water throughout and supplies it uniformly to the fiber mat plate 1. The diffusion layer 14 diffuses the moisture of the fiber mat plate 1 to the whole by transferring the water in the high moisture content region to the low moisture content region. The water in the diffusion layer 14 that has been uniformly diffused as a whole moves to the laminated mat layer 11 and makes the moisture content of the fiber mat plate 1 uniform. That is, the diffusion layer 14 shifts the moisture supplied to the fiber mat plate 1 in the vertical direction and diffuses it throughout, and the diffused moisture moves to the fiber mat plate 1 so that the moisture on the entire surface of the fiber mat plate 1 is transferred. Adjust the rate. The diffusion layer 14 has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm and can quickly diffuse the supplied water. If the diffusion layer is made thick, the water retention and water conductivity can be increased to improve the water diffusibility, but the cost is increased. On the other hand, if it is made thinner, the diffusibility of water decreases. Therefore, the thickness of the diffusion layer is set to the above-mentioned range in consideration of these matters.

  The wall greening panel described above is grown by planting the plant S in the planting holding hole 2. The plant S planted in the planting holding hole 2 is held at a fixed position via the planting material 3 filled in the planting holding hole 3. As the implant 3, as shown in FIG. 7, the above-described mat layer 11 is a fiber particle 3 </ b> A formed by crushing into an unspecified random shape having a predetermined size and not a fixed shape, or As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a fiber string 3 </ b> B formed by three-dimensionally gathering fiber scraps in an infinite number of voids and connecting them in a string shape can be used. However, when a plant is planted in the planting holding hole, it is not always necessary to fill the planting holding hole with a planting material, and a general soil medium can also be used. That is, plant seedlings can be planted with the soil culture medium adhering to the roots intact, but can also be planted through the planting material.

  The implant material that is the fiber grain 3A is obtained by crushing the above-described mat layer 11 into an unspecified random shape having a predetermined size and not a fixed shape. The mat layer 11 can be made into fiber particles by crushing the entire mat. However, when the mat layer is used for other purposes, the cutting waste generated when the mat layer is cut is crushed to produce fiber particles. You can also For example, when the mat layer 11 is cut into a predetermined shape, the end of the mat layer 11 is cut into ear dust. Further, the mat layer 11 is a step of opening the planting holding hole 2, and scraps are generated when the through hole 12 is cut. These cutting wastes can be collected and crushed into fiber particles 3A to form an implant 3. Thus, the method of crushing the cutting waste into the fiber particles 3A can effectively use the mat layer 11 without wasting the cutting waste and eliminate the waste waste. The implant material that is a fiber grain has an average particle size of, for example, 3 to 30, preferably 5 to 20 mm. Furthermore, it is preferable that large fiber particles and small fiber particles are mixed.

  Further, the planting material can be mixed with fertilizer and holding material after the mat layer is crushed into fiber particles. This planting material mixes and blends the granular or powdery fertilizer and holding material into the fiber particle 3A crushed into a random shape in the crushing step. Perlite, ceramic, zeolite, charcoal or the like can be used as the holding material mixed in the fiber particles 3A. Since these holding materials once hold | maintain some fertilizers eluted to water and discharge | release gradually, a fertilizer can be supplied with respect to a plant over a long period of time. These holding materials and fertilizers can be used alone or mixed as a composite material obtained by combining them. As described above, the planting material in which the fertilizer and the holding material for growing the plant are blended has a feature that the plant can be cultivated in a more ideal state.

  The above planting material is filled in the planting holding hole 2 of the fiber mat plate 1 to hold the plant 3 in place as shown in FIG. Since the planting material 3 filled in the planting holding hole 2 has crushed the mat layer into a granular shape, a gap is formed between the planting material 3 adjacent thereto. This gap allows air to pass smoothly. For this reason, this implant material 3 implement | achieves outstanding air permeability and drainage by the clearance gap which can be formed between the implant materials 3, maintaining each particle | grains excellent water retention. Further, the planted material 3 can be planted by filling the planting material 3 crushed into granules into the planting holding holes 2 of various shapes and sizes easily and easily and quickly.

  Furthermore, the density which fills the planting holding hole 2 with the planting holding hole 2, in other words, the condition of packing into the planting holding hole 2 can be adjusted to adjust the water retention, drainage and breathability. The implant material 3 is elastically deformed because the fiber waste is crushed into granules. Therefore, it can be packed densely or roughly. If the planting material 3 is packed closely, water retention can be improved while restricting drainage and air permeability. For this reason, the frequency | count of watering can be reduced. This filling state is suitable for cultivation of plants that require a large amount of moisture. On the other hand, when the planting material 3 is roughly filled in the planting holding hole 2, drainage and air permeability can be improved while limiting water retention. This filling state is suitable for cultivation of plants that are weak against overhumidity and strong in drought resistance.

  Furthermore, the implant 3 shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 is a fiber string 3B in which fiber waste is three-dimensionally gathered in a state where innumerable voids are formed and connected in a string shape. The fiber string 3B has an average thickness of 2 to 30 mm without being pressurized so that it can be used in the same manner as the moss. As shown in FIG. 12, the planting material 3 can be filled in the planting holding hole 2 while being wound around the root portion of the plant S. However, the planting holding hole can be filled without necessarily being wound around the root.

  The fiber cord 3B can be used without being processed or twisted as it is with the discarded ears of the fabric. Abandon ears are wastes generated in large quantities in the textile manufacturing process. In the braiding method using a water jet or an air jet instead of the traditional shuttle to move the weft yarn between the warp yarns stretched in parallel, irregular portions are formed on both sides of the braided fabric. The waste produced by cutting both side portions is the discarded ear of the fabric. The discarded ear is a continuous string-like shape and has a strength that does not break even when pulled. Furthermore, since the discard ears are connected so that innumerable fibers gather and entangle with each other, there are innumerable fine voids between the fibers. For this reason, the implant material which is an abandonment ear has water absorption and water retention suitable for plant cultivation by itself. Furthermore, the waste ear can be twisted to increase the density of fibers and improve water absorption and water retention. A waste ear is a waste produced in the process of manufacturing a fabric. Therefore, when this is used as an implant, the waste can be effectively reused and the cost can be significantly reduced.

  Similarly to the granular implant material, the implant material 3 which is a discarded ear can adjust the density filled in the planting holding hole 2 to adjust water retention, drainage, and air permeability. That is, the water retention, drainage, and air permeability can be adjusted by adjusting the density of the planting material 3 that is a waste ear around the root or the density of filling the planting holding hole 2. Since the implant material 3 which is the abandon ear also collects the fiber waste in a string shape, the surface can be elastically deformed. For this reason, it can be tightly wound around the root, densely packed in the planting holding hole 2, or roughly wrapped around the root, or roughly packed in the planting holding hole 2. When the planting material 3 is tightly wound or closely packed in the planting holding hole 2, water retention can be improved while restricting drainage and air permeability. For this reason, the frequency | count of watering can be reduced. This filling state is suitable for cultivation of plants that require a large amount of moisture. On the other hand, when the planting material 3 is roughly wound around the root or the planting holding hole 2 is roughly filled, drainage and air permeability can be improved while limiting water retention. This filling state is suitable for cultivation of plants that are weak against overhumidity and strong in drought resistance.

  The planting material 3 which is a discarded ear can be made cheaper than the planting material for crushing the mat layer. This is because both processing costs and raw material costs can be significantly reduced. In particular, since the implant material that uses the discarded ear as waste is effectively reused as it is, the cost can be significantly reduced. Further, the planting material 3 does not need to add fiber waste as a binder, as the planting material 3 produced by crushing the mat layer described above does not require binding of fiber waste with a binder, It is not necessary to use a binder for binding fibers, and the fiber can be made of 100% fiber waste.

  Since the discarded ear is a cut woven fabric, it is composed of the same fiber as that of the woven fabric. There are woven fabrics in which synthetic fibers and natural fibers are mixed, synthetic fibers only, or natural fibers only. Synthetic fibers do not corrode and have excellent durability, and natural fibers corrode and disappear naturally. For this reason, the implant material which consists of the discard ear | edge with the high mixing rate of a synthetic fiber and the discard ear | edge which does not mix a natural fiber has durability, and can lengthen a use period. On the other hand, the implant material, which is an abandoned ear with a high mixing ratio of natural fibers, has the feature that it can disappear naturally. Therefore, a planted material that requires durability uses a discarded ear with a high mixing ratio of synthetic fibers, and a planted material that naturally disappears uses a discarded ear with a high proportion of natural fibers. In general use, the mixing rate of synthetic fibers is increased, and an excellent durable implant can be used conveniently. Therefore, the mixing rate of synthetic fibers is preferably 50% by weight or more, preferably Use a throwing ear of 60% by weight or more, optimally 70% by weight or more. In particular, the disposable ear implant with 100% synthetic fiber has extremely excellent durability and does not lose its excellent properties over many years. In particular, the polyester synthetic fiber can be used stably for a very long time because the polyester synthetic fiber is strong, durable, and excellent in chemical resistance. However, the abandon ear can also use what contains fibers, such as a polyamide synthetic fiber and a polyacrylic synthetic fiber, as a synthetic fiber.

  However, the wall surface greening panel can be used alone or in a blend of inorganic or organic powders without using fiber grains or fiber strings as a planting material. For example, zeolite or pearlite can be used as the implantable material, and coconut fiber or peat moss can be used as the organic powder.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fiber mat plate 2 ... Planting holding hole 3 ... Implanting material 3A ... Fiber grain
3B ... Fiber string 4 ... Surface protection layer 5 ... Fixed sheet 6 ... Reinforcement plate 7 ... Water guide diffusion sheet 9 ... Water supply part 11 ... Mat layer 12 ... Through hole 12A ... Lower inner surface 13 ... Fertilizer grain 14 ... Diffusion layer 16 ... Holding Material 30 ... Wall surface 80 ... Base body 81 ... 1st space | gap 82 ... 2nd space | gap 83 ... Through-hole 84 ... Mat material 85 ... Greening part 86 ... Sound absorption part 90 ... Wall 91 ... Water retention mat 92 ... Anchor bolt 93 ... Greening Base 94 ... Irrigation tube 95 ... Drip hole 96 ... Wire mesh 97 ... Anchor bolt S ... Plant

Claims (11)

  Provided with a fiber mat plate (1) that realizes water permeability and water retention by fine gaps formed between fibers in a three-dimensionally aggregated manner with a predetermined thickness. 1) is provided with a plurality of planting holding holes (2) that open to the front surface and plant and hold the plant, and fibers in the root of the plant (S) planted in the planting holding hole (2) Wall greening panel designed to replenish water from the mat plate (1).   The fiber mat plate (1) includes a plurality of mat layers (11) configured to realize water permeability and water retention in a minute gap formed between fibers by three-dimensionally gathering fibers to a predetermined thickness. The wall surface greening panel according to claim 1, wherein the wall greening panel is formed of a laminate and has a planting holding hole (2) penetrating through the plurality of mat layers (11).   The wall surface greening panel according to claim 2, wherein the aggregate density of the fibers of the plurality of mat layers (11) laminated is different.   The wall surface greening panel according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a plurality of mat layers (11) are fixed by a fixing sheet (5) bonded to the outer peripheral surface.   The wall surface greening panel according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of mat layers (11) are laminated in a non-adhered state.   The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fiber mat plate (1) has a thickness of 3 cm or more.   The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fiber mat plate (1) has a thickness of less than 10 cm.   The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fiber mat plate (1) is formed by bonding intersections of fibers with a binder.   The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fiber mat plate (1) is formed by binding fibers by a needle punch.   The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the planting holding hole (2) of the fiber mat plate (1) is inclined upwardly toward the front surface.   The fiber mat plate (1) is provided with the lower inner surface (12A) of the through hole (12) of the mat layer (11) laminated on the front surface on the mat layer (11) laminated on the rear surface. The wall surface greening panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the wall greening panel is disposed above the lower inner surface (12A) of the through hole (12).

Images