JP2011122811A - Temperature/humidity management system and method for greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology capable of efficiently managing a temperature and a humidity of a greenhouse by a simple means, in a temperature/humidity management system and a temperature/humidity management method of the greenhouse utilizing a heat pump-type heater/cooler. <P>SOLUTION: This temperature/humidity management system 1 of the greenhouse includes an inner room 10 for cultivating crops P, an outer room 20 covering the inner room 10 and having air flow channels (S<SB>1</SB>, S<SB>2</SB>, S<SB>3</SB>), and a heat pump-type heating/cooling device 30 composed of an outdoor unit 32 and an indoor unit 34. In operating the heat pump-type heating and cooling device 30, the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is raised and guided to a space formed between the inner room 10 and the outer room 20, heat exchange is performed by utilizing the temperature difference between an outside air temperature and a temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32, and further the humidity of the air is lowered, so that the heat exchanged and dehumidified air is guided to the inner room 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a greenhouse temperature and humidity management system and a temperature and humidity management method, and more particularly, to a greenhouse temperature and humidity management system and a temperature and humidity management method using a heat pump air conditioner.

  When cultivating a crop in a greenhouse, it is necessary to control the temperature and humidity suitable for the crop. However, it should be noted that easy temperature change leads to an increase in humidity and causes many diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold caused by high humidity.

  Humidity during the daytime in the greenhouse is unlikely to become excessive if you open and close the skylights, but if you close the greenhouse during the night or in the rain, water vapor is generated from the soil and crops, increasing the humidity in the greenhouse. I will do it. Moreover, when temperature falls, the amount of saturated water vapor will fall and it will become high humidity.

  For example, it is known that when the temperature decreases by 1 ° C., the relative humidity increases by 5%. That is, if the humidity at the time of closing the skylight at 60 ° C in the evening is 60%, when the night temperature is lowered to 12 ° C (that is, 8 ° C), the humidity will increase by 40%. Humidity becomes 100%.

  In order to solve such problems, conventionally, petroleum fuel is burned, and the temperature is increased by 2 to 3 ° C. to increase the amount of saturated water vapor (reducing the relative humidity), thereby preventing high humidity. However, the cost of petroleum fuel is a major burden nowadays when the price of crude oil fluctuates significantly, and it is no longer at a level that can be overcome only by the efforts of farmers who operate institutional horticulture.

  Under such circumstances, there is a movement to use a heat pump air conditioner for facility horticulture as an alternative oil technology. Generally, a heat pump air conditioner is composed of an outdoor unit provided with a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger (also referred to as a condenser), and an indoor unit provided with an expansion valve and an indoor heat exchanger (also referred to as an evaporator). The refrigerant circulates in the pipe between the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. When the refrigerant expands, the temperature decreases, and when compressed, the temperature increases. For example, if the refrigerant is expanded to −10 ° C., the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outside air in the outdoor unit even if the outside air is as low as 0 ° C. It can be used for heating because the temperature rises. On the other hand, if the refrigerant is compressed and the temperature is raised to 50 ° C., even if the room is as high as 40 ° C., the refrigerant absorbs the heat in the room and releases it to the outside air, which can be used for cooling. The value of “output heat quantity / consumed energy” corresponding to the thermal efficiency at this time is called a coefficient of performance (COP). In the case of an electric heater, the upper limit of COP is 1, but the latest heat pump air conditioner reaches 6-7. That is, the amount of heat obtained with one energy consumption reaches from 6 to 7. Even in the case of cooling, the principle is basically the same except that the cycle is reversed, and the COP also reaches 6 to 7. Thus, the heat pump type air conditioner has high energy efficiency, and the expectation as a temperature / humidity management means replacing petroleum fuel is increasing.

  A conventional example in which a heat pump type air conditioner is used for temperature and humidity management in a greenhouse is shown in FIGS. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conventional example in the case of heating a greenhouse using a heat pump type air conditioner. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the greenhouse 100 includes an inner chamber 120 in which crops P are planted and an outer chamber 110 that covers the inner chamber 120, and the ceiling portion of the inner chamber 120 suppresses heat release. It is covered with a double-layer curtain 122. The heat pump air conditioner includes an outdoor unit 102 installed outside the greenhouse 100 and an indoor unit 104 installed inside the inner chamber 120.

  The heat collected by the outdoor unit 102 is transmitted through a refrigerant (not shown) and released from the indoor unit 104. For example, when the temperature in the inner chamber 120 is set to 15 ° C., air having a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 25% is released from the indoor unit 104. However, when something with a temperature difference comes into contact, heat moves. That is, since heat moves from the higher temperature to the lower temperature, the heat released into the inner chamber 120 moves while lowering the temperature toward the outside air when the outside air temperature is 8 ° C.

  When considering the formula of (input energy)-(heat radiation energy), the heat in the greenhouse 100 causes a temperature increase if it is positive, and a temperature decrease if it is negative. In the case shown in FIG. 13, the temperature moves from the room temperature 15 ° C. in the inner chamber 120 → the temperature 12 ° C. in the two-layer curtain 122 → the temperature 10 ° C. on the two-layer curtain 122 → the outside air 8 ° C. In this case, heat does not move from outside air into the greenhouse 100.

  When the heat pump type air conditioner is normally operated for heating, the outdoor unit 102 is installed outside the greenhouse 100. Therefore, when the outside air temperature decreases to 5 ° C. or lower, the heat exchange efficiency decreases. Moreover, since the outdoor unit 102 is frosted, defrosting operation must be performed. However, thermal energy does not enter the greenhouse 100 during the defrosting operation. On the other hand, since the heat continues to move to the outside air, the room temperature gradually becomes lower than the set temperature. As the temperature gradually decreases, the amount of saturated water vapor decreases and the humidity becomes high, and diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold are likely to occur.

  FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conventional example in the case of cooling a greenhouse using a heat pump type air conditioner. The basic configuration is the same as in FIG.

  For example, when the outside air temperature is 28 ° C. and the room temperature is set to 19 ° C., the temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 102 is 48 ° C., and the temperature from the indoor unit 104 in the inner chamber 104 is 9 ° C. and the relative humidity 99. % Air is released.

  Cooling means that heat enters the greenhouse 100 at 19 ° C. from outside air at 28 ° C. The intruding heat is collected by the indoor unit 104 of the heat pump type air conditioner and released from the outdoor unit 102.

  However, since heat enters from the outside air (28 ° C) on the double-layer curtain 122 (25 ° C) → in the double-layer curtain 122 (22 ° C) → indoors (19 ° C), the heat pump type air conditioner maintains the room temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to continue cooling operation.

  As an example of managing the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse using a heat pump type air conditioner, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-116178, air conditioning is performed when a greenhouse is heated, and air generated from an indoor unit is cooled. Is sent to the space between the roof and the double-layer curtain through the duct, and a heat insulation layer is formed between the outside air and the greenhouse to increase the heat insulation effect in the greenhouse and to cool the greenhouse. On the contrary, the heating operation is performed in reverse, and the warm air generated from the indoor unit is sent to the space between the roof and the double-layer curtain through the duct, and the air-conditioning is formed between the outside air and the greenhouse. A method is described (Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-116178 A

  In the invention described in the above-mentioned patent document, when heating the inside of the house, the operation mode of the heat pump is set to the cooling operation, and in order to perform the automatic operation based on the temperature, another thermostat is installed and ON / OFF is set. There is no choice but to perform energy saving operation using an inverter. The same applies to the cooling operation. In addition, when the indoor air is deprived of energy by a heat pump and air is sent onto the two-layer curtain, if the entire amount is sent as it is, the cooling or heating efficiency may be lowered.

  Therefore, there has been a demand for a system and method that can efficiently manage the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse with simpler means.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of efficiently performing temperature and humidity management of a greenhouse with simpler means in a temperature and humidity management system and a temperature and humidity management method of a greenhouse using a heat pump type air conditioner.

  The present invention includes an inner chamber for cultivating crops, an outer chamber that forms a fixed space and covers the entire inner chamber, and a heat pump air-conditioning / heating device that includes the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. A temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor unit sucks air in the inner chamber and exhausts it into a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber, and is exhausted in the space. Provided is a greenhouse temperature and humidity management system characterized in that heat is exchanged by utilizing a temperature difference from the outside air temperature and humidity is reduced, and air that has undergone heat exchange and has reduced humidity is led to the inner chamber. Is.

  The present invention also includes an inner chamber for cultivating crops, an outer chamber that forms a certain space and covers the entire inner chamber, and a heat pump air conditioner that includes an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, A temperature and humidity management method for a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor unit sucks air in the inner chamber and exhausts it into a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber, and is exhausted in the space. A temperature and humidity management method for a greenhouse is provided, in which heat is exchanged using the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and humidity is reduced, and air whose heat has been reduced through heat exchange is led to the inner chamber. To do.

  According to the greenhouse temperature / humidity management system and the greenhouse temperature / humidity management method of the present invention, dehumidification can be efficiently performed at a low cost, so that crop diseases can be prevented. The most important thing to be aware of when growing crops is illness. Although 90% or more of the causes of crop diseases are caused by mold, the generation of mold can be suppressed by reducing the humidity. Other causes are bacteria, but the same effect as mold can be obtained by reducing the humidity of bacteria.

It is the schematic of the temperature / humidity management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the short circuit means in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example which uses an integrated heat pump type | formula air conditioning apparatus. It is a figure which shows the example provided with the short circuit means in embodiment of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the change of temperature and humidity when the temperature / humidity management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention carries out heating operation. It is a figure for demonstrating the change of the temperature and humidity when the temperature / humidity management system which concerns on other embodiment of this invention carries out heating operation. It is a figure for demonstrating the mechanism of dew condensation water generation. It is a figure for demonstrating the change of the temperature and humidity when the temperature / humidity management system which concerns on embodiment of this invention carries out air_conditionaing | cooling operation. It is a figure which shows the Example of a short circuit means. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of temperature and humidity when the inverter of the ventilation fan 60 is set to 30 cycles. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of temperature and humidity when the inverter of the ventilation fan 60 is set to 20 cycles. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of temperature and humidity when the inverter of the ventilation fan 60 is set to 15 cycles. It is a figure for demonstrating the prior art example at the time of heating operation of the heat pump type air conditioning apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the prior art example at the time of air_conditionaing | cooling operation of a heat pump type | formula air conditioning apparatus.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a greenhouse temperature and humidity management system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a temperature and humidity management system 1 for a greenhouse according to the present invention includes an inner chamber 10 for cultivating a crop P, and a fixed space (S ₁ , S covering the entire inner chamber 10 and through which air passes. ₂ and S ₃ ), and a heat pump air-conditioning / heating device 30 including an outdoor unit 32 and an indoor unit 34. The inner chamber 10 has a gap that allows air to be introduced from the outer chamber 20. As will be described later, air that has undergone heat exchange in the outer chamber 20 and has reduced humidity can be introduced into the inner chamber 10. It is like that. The gap may be formed over the entire circumference of the inner chamber 10 or may be formed in part.

In this embodiment, the “greenhouse” is a so-called normal meaning for growing flowers, vegetables and fruit trees in a space defined by a synthetic resin plate or sheet such as polycarbonate and vinyl in addition to glass. Greenhouses, simple greenhouses such as plastic houses, greenhouses with solar housing, solariums, houses, rooms where sunlight is sufficiently inserted into parts of the rooftops of buildings, and relatively steep ordinary houses Attic room with a glass roof on part of the roof, veranda,
Temporary items made on terraces are also included.

  In the present embodiment, the “crop” is not particularly limited as long as it is generally referred to as a crop, and any crop is targeted. Among the crops, a horticultural crop is preferable, and among them, a horticultural crop whose quality is greatly influenced by the management of temperature and humidity can further enjoy the effects of the present invention. Here, “horticultural crops” means flowers, vegetables and fruit trees.

  Specific examples of horticultural crops include, for example, roses, carnations, orchids, gerberas, turkeys and the like as florets, and tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and the like as vegetables, Examples include strawberry, mandarin orange, mango, grape, and pear.

The outdoor unit 32 includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger (not shown), and the indoor unit 34 includes an expansion valve and an indoor heat exchanger (not shown). The outdoor unit 32 and the indoor unit 34 are connected by a pipe (not shown), and the refrigerant circulates in the pipe. Further, the outdoor unit 32 has an intake port exposed to the inner chamber 10 side and an exhaust port exposed to the outer chamber 20, and sucks air from the inner chamber 10 and discharges it to the flow path (S ₁ ) of the outer chamber 20. It is configured as follows. On the other hand, the indoor unit 34 is installed in the inner chamber 10.

The outdoor unit 32 is preferably equipped with a wind direction guide 40 as means for raising the air (arrow) discharged from the outdoor unit 32 when operating the heat pump type air conditioner 30. In the present embodiment, the “wind direction guide” refers to a space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by changing the wind direction of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 to raise the air. Therefore, it is attached to the exhaust port portion of the outdoor unit 32. The shape can be appropriately changed within a range in which the above object can be achieved. The wind direction guide 40 is also referred to as a wind direction adjusting plate, a blowout guide, a guide louver, or the like by a manufacturer.

By using the airflow direction guide 40, the air (arrow) discharged from the outdoor unit 32 can be guided to the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20, and therefore, from the outdoor unit 32 The discharged air can be slowly circulated in the temperature and humidity management system 1.

An opening 50 is formed at the boundary between the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 (the two-layer curtain 14) and the outer chamber 20 and the space (S ₁ ) where the outdoor unit 32 is installed. The air (arrow) raised by the wind direction guide 40 is guided to the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 through the opening 50. The shape of the opening 50 is not particularly limited. For example, the opening 50 may have any shape such as a quadrilateral cross section, a triangular cross section, a circular cross section, or a cylindrical duct. However, in the case of a heat pump of 8 to 10 horsepower From the viewpoint of securing a desired air volume, it is preferable that the area is at least 0.5 m ² or more.

At this time, it is preferable to introduce the air (arrow) discharged from the outdoor unit 32 into the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 using the blower fan 60. The position of the blower fan 60 is not particularly limited, but by providing it in the vicinity of the opening 50, the discharged air can be more reliably introduced into the space (S ₂ ). It also plays a role of diffusing discharged air into the space (S ₂ ). Note that “in the vicinity of the opening 50” refers to a position closer to the opening 50 than half of the entire space (S ₂ ) or a position closer to the opening 50 than half of the entire space (S ₁ ) with respect to the opening 50. Means position.

The air guided to the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 has a temperature difference between the outside air temperature (Tmp2) and the temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 20 (Tmp1). Heat is exchanged using it, and humidity decreases. At this time, the air volume introduced into the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 is 60 to 70 m ³ / min in the case of a model having a heating and cooling capacity of 22 to 28 kw. It is preferable that If air moves in the space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber with the air volume in such a range, heat exchange and humidity reduction can be performed efficiently. The air that has been subjected to heat exchange and humidity reduction is a space between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 because the outdoor unit 32 sucks the air in the inner chamber 10 and the inner chamber 10 is slightly pulled. It moves to the inner chamber 10 through the space (S ₃ ) formed in ( ₁ ).

  For example, when heating is performed to raise the room temperature of the inner room 10 using the system of the present embodiment, the temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is relatively low and the humidity is relatively high. When the relationship between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air is Tmp1 <Tmp2, heat moves from the outside air into the temperature and humidity management system 1 (A). That is, the heat energy of the outside air can be introduced into the temperature and humidity management system 1. Since the warmed air has a high saturated water vapor amount, it moves to the inner chamber 10 in a state where the relative humidity is low. As a result, the humidity of the inner chamber 10 can be lowered.

  When the relationship between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 during the heating operation and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air is Tmp1> Tmp2, the heat moves from the temperature / humidity management system 1 to the outside air (B). . At this time, condensation occurs inside the outer chamber 20, and water vapor in the air condenses and adheres as water droplets d. Further, when water vapor in the air condenses into water droplets d, condensation heat of about 550 to 560 kcal is generated. Condensation heat is heat (latent heat) released when gas becomes liquid by condensation. The movement of heat toward the outside air is suppressed until the temperature of the water drop d is deprived by the outside air and the temperature drops. That is, the water droplet d plays a role as a heat insulating material. Furthermore, coupled with the heat moving from the inner chamber 10 toward the outer chamber 20, the temperature once decreased (Tmp1) increases again. If the temperature of the water drop d is deprived by the outside air and the temperature drops, it moves from the temperature / humidity management system 1 to the outside air again, and dew condensation → water droplet d generation → condensation heat generation → heat insulation → inner chamber 10 to outer chamber 20 The process of heat transfer to the air → air temperature rise is repeated.

In this way, a kind of dehumidifying effect is obtained, and since the water droplet d also functions as a heat insulating material, the amount of heat released from the inside of the outer chamber 20 to the outside air can be suppressed. The dehumidified air then moves to the inner chamber 10 through the flow path (S ₃ ). As a result, the humidity of the inner chamber 10 can be lowered. The generated water droplets are discharged outside the temperature / humidity management system 1 along the inner wall of the outer chamber 20.

  As described above, even when the relationship between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 during the heating operation and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outdoor air is Tmp1> Tmp2, the intake port of the outdoor unit 32 is Since it is installed so as to be exposed to the room 10 side, heat can be used from the air in the room. For this reason, there is no worry that the defrosting operation is performed no matter how much the outside air temperature is lowered, and the heat pump air conditioner 30 can be used even in a cold region.

  On the other hand, when cooling is performed to lower the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 using the system of the present embodiment, the temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is 15 to 20 ° C. higher than the air sucked into the intake port. Thus, if the temperature increases by 1 ° C., the humidity decreases by 5%, so the humidity of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is low. The relationship between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air exhausted from the outdoor unit 32 and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air is Tmp1> Tmp2. Therefore, heat moves from the temperature / humidity management system 1 to the outside air (B). At this time, the amount of saturated water vapor decreases, so that the relative humidity increases. However, since the saturated water vapor amount does not exceed 100%, condensation does not occur. Further, even if the relative humidity increases, it does not become higher than the absolute humidity in the inner chamber 10. Therefore, the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 can be lowered, and air having a humidity lower than the humidity in the inner chamber 10 is introduced into the inner chamber 10, so that the cooling and humidity can be efficiently performed. It is possible to perform the reduction. In addition, compared with the general greenhouse cooling (refer FIG. 14) which does not use the temperature / humidity management system of the greenhouse of this embodiment, power consumption can be saved 20-30%.

  Conventionally, when a large facility such as a greenhouse or a factory is heated or cooled using a heat pump type air conditioner, the outdoor unit must be installed outside the building. In general, the larger the greenhouse, the longer the distance between the refrigerant pipes connecting the outdoor unit and the indoor unit of the heat pump air conditioner. For example, in a greenhouse having a scale of 100 m × 100 m or more, the price of the refrigerant pipe is the heat pump. In some cases, it was more expensive than the main unit price. Moreover, the longer the refrigerant piping, the lower the heat pump efficiency.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, since the indoor unit and the outdoor unit can be installed in the greenhouse in both the heating operation and the cooling operation, the length of the refrigerant pipe is suppressed to within a few meters even in a large greenhouse. The facility cost can be greatly reduced, and the decrease in heat pump efficiency can be suppressed. In addition, since the air intake of the outdoor unit is exposed to the inner chamber and the air in the inner chamber is sucked and discharged to the flow path of the outer chamber, the temperature and humidity management system for the greenhouse of the present invention is implemented. The longer the operation time is, the more high temperature and low humidity air can be used for heating operation, and the low temperature and low humidity air can be used for cooling operation. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of the temperature and humidity management system increases with the passage of time.

  In the present embodiment, it is preferable to provide the indoor fan 10 in the inner chamber 10. Since there are places with high / low temperatures or places with high / low humidity in the inner chamber 10, the temperature and humidity are kept uniform by circulating the air in the inner chamber 10 using the indoor fan 12. be able to.

  The inner chamber 10 is preferably provided with a curtain 14 composed of a plurality of layers between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20. By providing the curtain 14 composed of a plurality of layers, the effect of keeping the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 constant can be enhanced. For example, when the curtain is made of two layers, the heat retention effect is improved by 17.5% compared to the case of one layer.

  Further, it is preferable that short circuit means for generating a so-called “short circuit” is provided in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 32. The short circuit means returns a part of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 to the inner chamber 10, mixes the returned air with the air in the inner chamber 10, and then mixes the mixed air with the inner chamber 10 by the outdoor unit 32. It is for discharging to a space formed between the chamber 20.

  In the present embodiment, the “short circuit” means that a part of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 travels to the inlet side of the outdoor unit 32 and is mixed with the air in the inner chamber 10, and then the mixed air is again A state of being discharged from the outdoor unit 32. In general, the short circuit is considered to cause the air conditioner to malfunction due to the inability to exhaust heat from the outdoor unit, such as a decrease in operation capability or shutdown, but in this embodiment, the outdoor unit 32 is caused by causing a short circuit. Since the heat of the air exhausted from the air can be taken into the inner chamber 10 again and the amount of heat energy released can be suppressed, the energy consumption consumed by the heat pump air conditioner 30 can be increased and the energy saving effect can be further enhanced. it can.

  Note that “the vicinity of the outdoor unit 32” means the top surface, bottom surface, side surface of the outdoor unit 32, or the vicinity thereof, and a part of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 returns to the inner chamber 10 and a short circuit is formed. It means a position that wakes up.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the short circuit means in the embodiment of the present invention. The outdoor unit 32 discharges air having a temperature of about 10 ° C. lower than the room temperature during the heating operation. Therefore, for example, when the indoor temperature is set to 16 ° C., the temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is about 6 ° C. A part of the discharged air is returned to the room through a short circuit opening 52 provided in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 32, and once mixed with the air in the inner chamber 10, the air is sucked again from the intake port of the outdoor unit 32. By discharging to the space (S ₂ ) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20, a so-called short circuit state is formed. At this time, air having a temperature lower than that of the first discharged air is discharged, and discharge of heat energy in the inner chamber 10 can be suppressed. Further, since the temperature difference between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air becomes larger, the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air is taken into the temperature and humidity management system 1 more efficiently. be able to.

  In addition, although the example which provided the short circuit opening part 52 in the upper part of the outdoor unit 32 was shown in FIG. 2, the position of the short circuit opening part 52 is not limited to this, The lower part, left side surface, or right side surface of the outdoor unit 32 A short circuit opening 52 may be provided.

  The amount of air that causes a short circuit can be changed as appropriate by adjusting the size of the short circuit opening 52 and the discharge amount of the outdoor unit 32.

  In addition, raising a short circuit is effective even during cooling operation, and the principle is the same as that when raising a short circuit during heating operation.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although the example which used one heat-pump type | formula air conditioning apparatus for one greenhouse was shown, it is not limited to this, It should use two or more according to the scale of a greenhouse, the temperature of external air, etc. You can also.

  3 and 4 show another embodiment of the present invention. Note that the crop P is omitted for convenience of explanation. FIG. 3 shows an example in which an integrated heat pump air conditioner 80 in which the outdoor unit 80a and the indoor unit 80b are combined is used. The outdoor unit 80a includes a compressor and a heat exchanger (not shown), and the indoor unit 80b includes an expansion valve and a heat exchanger (not shown). The outdoor unit 80a and the indoor unit 80b are connected by a pipe (not shown), and the refrigerant circulates in the pipe.

  One end of a duct 82 is connected to the exhaust port side of the outdoor unit 80 a, and the other end is disposed in a space formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 via the two-layer curtain 14. On the other hand, one end of the duct 84 is also connected to the exhaust port side of the indoor unit 80b, and the other end is movably directed into the inner chamber 10.

  Since the integrated heat pump type air conditioner 80 is installed in the inner chamber 10, it includes a drain pipe 81 for discharging drain water generated by heat exchange to the outside of the temperature and humidity management system 1.

  When temperature / humidity management is performed using such an integrated heat pump type air conditioner 80, the blower fan 86 rotates and the outdoor unit 80a sucks air in the inner chamber 10, and exhaust air is blown by the wind pressure of the blower fan 86. The duct 82 is raised and discharged into a space (S) formed between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 on the two-layer curtain 14. And air moves to the inner chamber 10 through the space formed in the inner chamber 10 through the space on the side surfaces of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 with heat exchange and a decrease in humidity. The mechanism of heat exchange and humidity reduction is the same as that described in FIG.

  On the other hand, on the indoor unit 80b side, the blower fan 88 rotates and the air in the inner chamber 10 is sucked from the intake port, and the heat exchanged through the duct 84 by the wind pressure of the blower fan 88 is the space in the inner chamber 10. To be discharged.

  FIG. 4 is an embodiment in which short circuit means is added to the embodiment shown in FIG. This embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that a part of the duct 82 is branched as a short circuit means and a shortcut duct 85 is provided in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 80a. A plurality of air holes are formed in the shortcut duct 85 so that a part of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 80a is sucked again from the intake port of the outdoor unit 80a (that is, a short circuit is generated). It is configured.

The Example which performed temperature / humidity management in rose cultivation using the temperature / humidity management system 1 of the greenhouse shown in FIG. 1 is shown. In addition, the greenhouse 10 and the outer chamber 20 use a greenhouse using an agricultural polyvinyl chloride film having a thickness of 0.1 mm, and the heat pump air conditioner 30 (Hitachi Appliances, model RPI-AP224) The wind direction guide 40 uses an outdoor unit wind direction guide (Hitachi Appliances, model SP-HK-3), and the blower fan 60 and indoor fan 12 (Mitsubishi Sawa, model DF-40ETD1) It was used. Further, the air volume moving air flow passage formed between the inner chamber 10 and outer chamber 20 _{(S 1, S 2, S} 3) was 65 m ³ / min.

1. Temperature and humidity management of the greenhouse by heating operation (Tmp1 <Tmp2) FIG. 5 shows that the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is higher than the outside temperature (Tmp2) using the temperature and humidity management system 1 of the greenhouse. When the temperature is low (Tmp1 <Tmp2), an example in which the heating operation is performed so that the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 of the greenhouse where the rose R is cultivated is 15 ° C. is shown.

  At this time, the outside air temperature (Tmp2) was 8 ° C., and the air discharged from the indoor unit 34 of the heat pump air conditioner 30 had a temperature of 33 ° C. and a humidity of 25%. On the other hand, the temperature of the air in the inner chamber 10 that exchanges heat with the indoor unit 34 was 13 ° C. In order to make the temperature and humidity of the inner chamber 10 uniform, the indoor air was recirculated by the indoor fan 12.

The outdoor unit 32 discharges air having a temperature lower by 10 ° C. than the room temperature during the heating operation. Therefore, the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 was 3 ° C., and the humidity was 99%. The discharged air rises in the flow path (S ₁ ) by the wind direction guide 40 and is formed between the two-layer curtain 14 of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by the blower fan 60 installed in the vicinity of the opening 50. Introduced into the space (S ₂ ).

As the air moves through the space (S ₂ ), heat exchange and a decrease in humidity occur, the exhaust temperature that was 3 ° C increased by 4 ° C to 7 ° C, and the humidity that was 99% decreased by 20%. 79%. Then, the air whose temperature was increased and humidity was lowered moved from the gap of the inner chamber 10 into the inner chamber 10 through the flow path (S ₃ ).

  During the heating operation, the temperature in the inner chamber 10 was maintained at 15 ° C. and the humidity was maintained at 70 to 80%, and the effect of the temperature and humidity management system 1 was demonstrated.

  In addition, since the heat energy could be taken into the greenhouse by daylight during the daytime, the effect of the temperature / humidity management system 1 was further enhanced. In addition, it is considered that the heat generated when the heat pump type air conditioner 30 is operated and the heat released from the cultivation space where the roses R are cultivated are also used.

  Further, when the same operation was performed during the rainy season, it was found that the dehumidifying ability was enhanced when the outside air was 15 ° C. or higher.

2. Temperature and humidity management of the greenhouse by heating operation (Tmp1> Tmp2) FIG. 6 shows that the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is higher than the outside temperature (Tmp2) using the temperature and humidity management system 1 of the greenhouse. When the temperature is high (Tmp1> Tmp2), an example in which the heating operation is performed so that the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 of the greenhouse where the rose R is cultivated is 15 ° C. will be described.

  At this time, the outside air temperature (Tmp2) was 0 ° C., and the air discharged from the indoor unit 34 of the heat pump air conditioner 30 had a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 25%. On the other hand, the air in the inner chamber 10 that exchanges heat with the indoor unit 34 was 15 ° C. However, the temperature of the air taken into the intake port of the outdoor unit 32 was 13 ° C. In addition, in order to make the temperature and humidity of the inner chamber 10 uniform, the indoor air was recirculated by the indoor fan 12.

The temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 was 5 ° C., and the humidity was 99%. The discharged air rises in the flow path (S ₁ ) by the wind direction guide 40 and is formed between the two-layer curtain 14 of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by the blower fan 60 installed in the vicinity of the opening 50. Led to the created space (S ₂ ).

As the air moved through the space (S ₂ ), heat exchange and dehumidification were performed, and the exhaust temperature that was 5 ° C. was deprived of heat by the outside air, and the temperature dropped to 2.5 ° C. At this time, dew condensation occurred inside the outer chamber 20, and water vapor in the air condensed and adhered as water droplets d.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a state in which condensation has occurred. When dew condensation occurs and water droplets d adhere to the inside of the outer chamber 20, condensation heat is generated when water vapor in the air condenses, and the temperature of the boundary surface inside the outer chamber 20 becomes higher than 2.5 ° C. . This is because 597 cal heat is generated from 1 cc of water. The movement of heat toward the outside air was suppressed until the temperature of the water drop d was taken away by the outside air and the temperature decreased. This is because the water droplet d plays a role as a heat insulating material. Furthermore, since heat moved from the two-layer curtain 14 of the inner chamber 10 toward the outer chamber 20, the temperature once lowered to 2.5 ° C rose to 4 ° C.

That is, in the space (S ₂ ) between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20, dew condensation → water droplet d generation → condensation heat generation → heat insulation → heat moves from the inner chamber 10 toward the outer chamber 20 → air temperature The process of increasing was repeated, and the temperature changed from 5 ° C to 2.5 ° C to 4 ° C. At this time, the humidity was 99% at 2.5 ° C., but decreased to 90% at 4 ° C., and the water droplet d moved toward the ground along the slope of the roof of the outer chamber 20. Finally, since it was discharged out of the temperature / humidity management system 1, it is clear that the amount of heat released from the inside of the outer chamber 20 to the outside air is suppressed and the dehumidification is performed efficiently. It was.

The dehumidified air then moved to the inner chamber 10 through the flow path (S ₃ ). As a result, the temperature in the inner chamber 10 was maintained at 15 ° C. and the humidity was maintained at 70 to 80%, and the effect of the temperature and humidity management system 1 was proved.

  As described above, even when the relationship between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 during the heating operation and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outdoor air is Tmp1> Tmp2, the outdoor unit 32 is placed in the outer chamber 20. Because it was installed, heat could be used from indoor air. In addition, the defrosting operation was not performed no matter how much the outside air temperature decreased, and the heat pump air conditioner 30 could be used even in cold regions.

3. Temperature and humidity management of the greenhouse by cooling operation (Tmp1> Tmp2) FIG. 8 shows that the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is higher than the outside temperature (Tmp2) using the temperature and humidity management system 1 of the greenhouse. When the temperature is high (Tmp1> Tmp2), an example in which the cooling operation is performed so that the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 of the greenhouse where the rose R is cultivated is 19 ° C. will be described.

  At this time, the outside air temperature (Tmp2) was 28 ° C., and the air discharged from the indoor unit 34 of the heat pump air conditioner 30 had a temperature of 9 ° C. and a humidity of 99%. On the other hand, the temperature of the air in the inner chamber 10 that exchanges heat with the indoor unit 34 was 19 ° C. In order to make the temperature and humidity of the inner chamber 10 uniform, the indoor air was recirculated by the indoor fan 12. Note that, when the indoor unit 34 exchanges heat with the air in the inner chamber 10, the condensed water of water vapor in the air is discharged out of the temperature and humidity management system 1 as drain water, so that the absolute humidity in the inner chamber 10 is lowered.

The temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 was 38 ° C., and the humidity was 30%. Note that the humidity decreased to 30% because the temperature increased. The discharged air rises in the flow path (S ₁ ) by the wind direction guide 40 and is formed between the two-layer curtain 14 of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by the blower fan 60 installed in the vicinity of the opening 50. Introduced into the space (S ₂ ).

As the air moves through the space (S ₂ ), heat exchange is performed, and the cold air escaping from the inner chamber 10 onto the two-layer curtain 14 is caught, and the exhaust temperature that was 38 ° C. is 12 ° C. The temperature decreased to 26 ° C., thereby increasing the relative humidity to 30%, which was 70% (however, since the dehumidification is performed by the indoor unit 34 as described above, the absolute humidity of the inner chamber 10 is decreased). To do).

Then, the temperature is lowered, the air absolute humidity is lowered and moved from the gap between the inner chamber 10 through the flow path (S ₃₎ into the inner chamber 10.

  During the cooling operation, the temperature in the inner chamber 10 was maintained at 19 ° C. and the humidity was about 80%, and the effect of the temperature / humidity management system 1 was proved. Further, in the system of this example, the power consumption was reduced by 20 to 30% as compared with the normal cooling operation (conventional example).

  In addition, when the temperature difference between the temperature (Tmp1) of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 and the temperature (Tmp2) of the outside air is 10 ° C., the heat radiation amount from the greenhouse surface is about 150,000 kcal per 10a. The operating heat of the heat pump type air conditioner 30 is about 22000 kcal per 8 horsepower heat pump type air conditioner, and even if three units are used during cooling, only about 66000 kcal is generated in total. Therefore, the influence which the operating heat of the heat pump type air conditioner 30 has on the room temperature of the inner chamber 10 can be ignored.

4). Temperature and humidity management of a greenhouse using a short circuit FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a short circuit means. As shown in FIG. 9, a short circuit opening 52 of 100 cm × 50 cm is provided as a short circuit means at the lower part of the outdoor unit 32, and a part of the air exhausted from the outdoor unit 32 passes through the bottom of the outdoor unit 32. A so-called short circuit that returns to the inner chamber 10 was generated. And the temperature and humidity at the time of performing a heating operation using the temperature / humidity management system configured so that the temperature of the air rising through the flow path (S ₁ ) by the wind direction guide 40 becomes lower over time. It was measured.

  At this time, the relationship between the room temperature (Tmp1) and the outside air temperature (Tmp2) is as described in 2. above. Similar to (FIG. 6), Tmp1> Tmp2.

  The amount of air exhausted from the outdoor unit 32 (in other words, the amount of exhausted air returned to the inner chamber 10) is provided with a duct 70 provided with a blower fan 60 for experiment, and the inverter of this blower fan 60 is It adjusted by setting to 30 cycles, 20 cycles, and 15 cycles, respectively. The room temperature was set to 16 ° C. after 10 pm and 18 ° C. from 6 am to 10 pm.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the air in the inner chamber 10 is taken into the intake port of the outdoor unit 32 and discharged from the exhaust port, a part of the discharged air is introduced into the short circuit opening 52 and the inner chamber. Return to 10. Then, it is mixed with the air in the inner chamber 10 and taken into the intake port of the outdoor unit 32 again and discharged from the exhaust port. Therefore, air having a temperature lower than that of the temperature and humidity management system that does not include the short circuit opening 52 is discharged from the outdoor unit 32.

  The temperature of the air discharged from the outdoor unit 32 is 7 to 8 ° C. in the inverter 30 cycle, 5 to 6 ° C. in the inverter 20 cycle, and 15 cycles of the inverter when the temperature of the air in the inner chamber 10 is set to 18 ° C. Then, it was 2 to 3 ° C.

Part of the air whose temperature has been reduced by the short circuit is raised in the flow path (S ₁ ) by the blower fan 60, and 2. Heat exchange and dehumidification were carried out by the same mechanism as described in FIG. 6 and moved to the inner chamber 10. This was repeated and the temperature and humidity were controlled for a certain time. The results are shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes over time in temperature and humidity when the inverter of the blower fan 60 is set to 30 cycles. When the inverter is set to 30 cycles, the temperature of the inner chamber 10 is in the range of 14.1 to 16.6 ° C. and the humidity is 56 to 65 even if the outside air temperature is −5.3 to −6.4 ° C. It was possible to control within the range of% RH. As a result, in the system of the present embodiment, the above 2. Compared with the temperature / humidity management system (Fig. 6), energy consumption was reduced by about 10%.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing temporal changes in temperature and humidity when the inverter of the blower fan 60 is set to 20 cycles. When the inverter is set to 20 cycles, the temperature of the inner chamber 10 is in the range of 14.4 to 17.3 ° C. and the humidity is 58 to 65 even if the outside air temperature is −3.5 to −5.4 ° C. It was possible to control within the range of% RH. As a result, 2. Compared with the temperature and humidity management system (FIG. 6), energy consumption was reduced by about 20%.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing temporal changes in temperature and humidity when the inverter of the blower fan 60 is set to 15 cycles. When the inverter is set to 15 cycles, the temperature of the inner chamber 10 is in the range of 14.0 to 17.5 ° C and the humidity is 58 to 72% even if the outside air temperature is -4.4 to -5.7 ° C. Control was possible within the range of RH. As a result, 2. Compared to the temperature and humidity management system (Fig. 6), energy consumption was reduced by about 15%.

  According to the present embodiment, the amount of energy used for the heat pump type air conditioner 30 remains the same, the ratio of exhausting warm air in the inner chamber 10 is reduced, and the temperature of the air exhausted from the outdoor unit 32 using a short circuit. Therefore, the amount of heat energy released in the inner chamber 10 can be further reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Temperature / humidity management system 10 ... Inner room 12 ... Indoor fan 14 ... Two-layer curtain 20 ... Outer room 30 ... Heat pump air conditioner 32 ... Outdoor unit 34 ... Indoor unit 40 ... Wind direction guide 50 ... Opening 52 ... Short circuit Opening 60 ... Blower fan 70 ... Duct 80 ... Integral heat pump air conditioner 80a ... Outdoor unit 80b ... Indoor unit 81 ... Drain pipes 82, 84 ... Duct 85 ... Short ducts 86, 88 ... Blower fan 100 ... Greenhouse 102 ... Outdoor unit 104 ... Indoor unit 110 ... Outer room 120 ... Inner room 122 ... Double-layer curtains S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ ... Air flow path P ... Crop R ... Rose d ... Water droplets

Claims (11)

The temperature of a greenhouse provided with an inner room for cultivating crops, an outer room that forms a fixed space and covers the entire inner room, and a heat pump type air conditioner that includes the outdoor unit and the indoor unit A humidity management system,
The outdoor unit sucks air in the inner chamber and exhausts it into a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber;
In the space, the exhausted air is heat-exchanged using a temperature difference from the outside air temperature and the humidity is lowered.
It is characterized by guiding the heat-exchanged air with reduced humidity to the inner chamber,
Greenhouse temperature and humidity management system.   The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the outdoor unit is provided such that an intake port is exposed to the indoor side and an exhaust port is exposed to the outer chamber side.   As a means for raising the air exhausted from the outdoor unit, a wind direction guide mounted on the outdoor unit or a blower fan installed in a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber is provided. The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The opening part is formed in the boundary of the space formed between the said inner chamber and the said outer chamber, and the space in which the said outdoor unit was installed, The any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The temperature and humidity management system for greenhouses as described in the section.   The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to claim 3, wherein the blower fan is provided in the vicinity of the opening.   The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an indoor blower fan is provided in the inner chamber.   The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inner chamber includes a curtain having a plurality of layers between the inner chamber and the outer chamber.   The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to any one of 1 to 7, wherein the crop is a horticultural crop. The outdoor unit and the indoor unit of the heat pump air conditioner are integrally formed,
One end is connected to the exhaust port of the outdoor unit, and the other end includes a duct disposed in a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber.
The temperature-humidity management system for greenhouses according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Short circuit means for introducing a part of the air discharged from the outdoor unit into the inner chamber;
After the air introduced from the short circuit means is mixed with the air in the inner chamber, the mixed air is discharged into a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber by the outdoor unit. The temperature and humidity management system for a greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 9. Temperature and humidity of a greenhouse using an inner room for cultivating crops, an outer room that forms a fixed space and covers the entire inner room, and a heat pump air-conditioning and heating device that includes the outdoor unit and the indoor unit A management method,
The outdoor unit sucks air in the inner chamber and exhausts it into a space formed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber;
In the space, the exhausted air is heat-exchanged using a temperature difference from the outside air temperature and the humidity is lowered.
It is characterized by guiding the heat-exchanged air with reduced humidity to the inner chamber,
How to manage the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse.