JP2011109875A - Series-parallel connection switching type capacitor power supply unit and system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply device that can finely adjust the output voltage of each capacity while suppressing the variation of voltages between the capacitors. <P>SOLUTION: An energy storage module type power supply unit is provided that includes: first to third storage module groups, each composed of 2n storage modules having the same capacity; and a first switch group. The first switch group switches a connection state between a three-parallel connection state, wherein the storage modules included in the first to third storage module groups are connected in series to form first to third strings of storage modules and the first to third strings of storage modules are connected in parallel, and a two-parallel connection state, wherein a fourth string of storage modules formed by connecting all the storage modules included in the first storage module group and n storage modules included in the second storage module group in series, the remaining n storage modules in the second storage module group that are different from the n storage modules included in the fourth string of storage modules, and a fifth string of storage modules formed by connecting all the storage modules included in the third storage module group in series are connected in parallel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply unit and system using a storage capacitor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a power supply unit and a system for controlling an output voltage within a certain range while suppressing variations in the voltage of each capacitor by switching a series number and a parallel number of capacitors using a switch.

  In general, when any device is operated by electric power, it is necessary to supply power within a predetermined operating voltage range determined by the characteristics of the device. This is because electronic devices operate within a predetermined voltage range according to individual characteristics, but operation becomes unstable or non-operation outside the operating voltage range. In particular, when an electric double layer capacitor (including a hybrid capacitor, a redox capacitor, etc.) having a very high electric capacity is used as a power source, the output voltage varies depending on the state of charge / discharge in the electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, some voltage conversion device for converting the fluctuating output voltage into the voltage within the operating range of the electronic device is required.

  As means for converting a power supply voltage supplied from a power source into an operating voltage range, a DC-DC converter using a transformer or a coil has been widely used. However, in such a transformer, the size of the circuit including the coil becomes relatively large, the weight of the transformer as a whole increases due to components such as an iron core, and loss. There are disadvantages such as an increase in.

  Therefore, a capacitor power supply apparatus has been proposed in which the fluctuation range of the output voltage is reduced by switching the connection state between the capacitors C1 and C2 using the switches Q1 to Q3 as shown in FIG. Reference 1). In this power supply device, a mode in which capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel by turning on switches Q1 and Q2 and a mode in which capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series by turning on switch Q3 are switched. As a result, the output voltage can be adjusted stepwise.

  2A and 2B show a connection state and a current path during discharge of the unit of FIG. In the initial state at the start of discharge, as shown in FIG. 2A, Q1 and Q2 are on, and C1 and C2 are connected in parallel. In other words, the circuit is connected in one series and two in parallel, and the output voltage is equal to each of the voltage of C1 and the voltage of C2.

  As the discharge progresses, the output voltage decreases. As a result, before the output voltage falls below a certain value (typically, the lower limit value of the operating voltage range of the electronic device operated by the power supply device) in order to avoid the output voltage being out of the operating voltage range of the device. In addition, the switches Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and the switch Q3 is turned on. As a result of this switching, the circuit connection state becomes a two-series, one-parallel state in which C1 and C2 are connected in series as shown in FIG. 2B. Therefore, the output voltage value rises to the sum of the voltages of C1 and C2.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, a method of switching the serial / parallel connection in multiple stages has been proposed (Patent Document 2).

  4A to 4C show a connection state and a current path when the unit of FIG. 3 is discharged. In the initial state at the start of discharge, as shown in FIG. 4A, Q1 and Q2 are on, and C1 and C2 and C3 and C4 are connected in series. That is, the entire circuit has a configuration of 2 series 2 parallel, and the output voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages of C1 and C2 and the sum of the voltages of C3 and C4.

  As the discharge progresses, the output voltage decreases. To prevent the output voltage from deviating from the operating voltage range of the device, switch the output voltage before it falls below a certain value (typically the lower limit of the operating voltage range of the electronic device operated by the power supply). Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and switches Q3 and Q5 are turned on at the same time. This switches the circuit to the connected state shown in FIG. 4B. In FIG. 4B, C3, a circuit in which C1 and C4 are connected in parallel, and C2 are connected in series, and the entire circuit has a three-series configuration. At this time, the output voltage rises to the sum of the voltages of C3, C1 (or C4), and C2.

  When the discharge further proceeds and the output voltage decreases, the switches Q3 and Q5 are turned off and the switch Q4 is turned on at the same time, whereby the circuit is switched to the connection state shown in FIG. 4C. At this time, all the capacitors C1 to C4 are connected in series, and the entire circuit has a 4-series configuration. Therefore, the output voltage rises to the sum of the voltages of C1 to C4.

JP 08-168182 A JP 2000-253572 A

  However, depending on the single power supply device shown in FIG. 1, the number of capacitors connected in series can only be switched between 1 series and 2 series. That is, the adjustment ratio of the output voltage is limited to 1: 2, and it is not possible to cope with finer adjustment.

  In this regard, according to the power supply device of FIG. 3, the output voltage can be adjusted in multiple stages according to the number of capacitors connected in series by switching the connection state in multiple stages. However, in the power supply device of FIG. 3, there arises a problem that variations in the voltage of each capacitor cannot be avoided in at least one of the connection states corresponding to each stage of switching. That is, even if all of the capacities of C1 to C4 are equal and all the capacitors are charged at the start of discharging, the circuit composed of C1 and C4 is in parallel in the connection state of FIG. Since the capacitors are in one parallel state, the current flowing through each of the capacitors C1 to C4 is not uniform. Therefore, variation occurs in the discharge speed of each capacitor, resulting in variation in voltage. Note that, by configuring the capacitance ratio of C1, C2, C3, and C4 to be 1: 2: 2: 1, voltage variations in the connection state of FIG. 4B can be avoided, but in this case, FIG. And in each connection state shown by FIG. 4C, the dispersion | variation in voltage is unavoidable. That is, when the power supply device of FIG. 3 is used, the voltage of each capacitor varies at least at any stage as the switch is switched.

  Therefore, there is a demand for a power supply device that enables fine adjustment of the output voltage while suppressing variations in the voltage of each capacitor.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the first invention of the present invention is the first power storage module group, the second power storage module group, and the 3 power storage module groups and a first switch group, all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group and the second power storage module group, in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series A third storage unit connected in series, and a third storage unit connected in parallel to each other, and a first storage unit A fourth power storage module in which all power storage modules included in the module group and n power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. And the remaining n power storage modules different from the n power storage modules, and all the power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series. And a first switch group for switching between two parallel connection states in which the fifth power storage module row is connected in parallel.

  As will be described in detail in the embodiments to be described later, by switching between the 3 parallel connection state and the 2 parallel connection state in the power storage module power supply unit having the above-described configuration, the output voltage can be adjusted in units smaller than those in the past. Furthermore, as described above, the output voltage can be adjusted while suppressing variations in voltage in each mode by specifying the capacity and number of each power storage module and the circuit configuration in each mode realized by switch switching. Is possible.

  The power storage module in this specification may be any single power storage element including a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor module, a lithium ion capacitor, and a secondary battery, or includes a plurality of such power storage elements. Any power storage means may be used.

  The second invention of the present invention is a first power storage module group composed of one or more power storage modules, a second power storage module group composed of two or more power storage modules, and a third power storage module group composed of one or more power storage modules; A first switch group, a first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series, and all power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. A third power storage module row in which all the power storage modules included in the second power storage module row and the third power storage module group are connected in series is connected in parallel. 4th electrical storage module in which the electrical storage module and one or more electrical storage modules contained in the 2nd electrical storage module group are connected in series And the remaining one or more power storage modules different from the one or more power storage modules included in the second power storage module group and all the power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series. Provided is a power storage module power supply unit including a first switch group that switches between two parallel connection states in which five power storage module rows are connected in parallel.

  In the power supply unit having a more generalized configuration, the capacity and number of power storage modules included in each power storage module group, distribution of power storage modules in the second power storage module group between three parallel and two parallel connection states, etc. By selecting as appropriate, it is possible to adjust the output voltage within a desired adjustment range after arbitrarily adjusting the voltage ratio to each power storage module. For example, when configuring a power supply unit that includes multiple types of modules such as electric double layer capacitor modules, lithium ion capacitors, secondary batteries, etc., the material life, allowable maximum voltage, etc. of each module Accordingly, the ratio of applied voltages can be adjusted in advance.

  The capacities of the power storage modules included in the first power storage module group, the second power storage module group, and the third power storage module group can be made equal to each other. Further, the number of power storage modules included in the first power storage module row, the second power storage module row, and the third power storage module row can be made equal to each other. Furthermore, the number of power storage modules included in the fourth power storage module row can be made equal to the number of power storage modules included in the fifth power storage module row.

  By taking such a configuration, it is possible to suppress variations in voltage in each power storage module in each connection state.

  Moreover, this 3rd invention is 1st 6th electrical storage module and 1st switch group, Comprising: The 1st electrical storage module row | line | column which the 1st electrical storage module and the 2nd electrical storage module are connected in series, 3rd A third power storage module row in which a power storage module and a fourth power storage module are connected in series, and a third power storage module row in which a fifth power storage module and a sixth power storage module are connected in series are connected in parallel. A connected state, a fourth power storage module row in which the first power storage module, the second power storage module, and the third power storage module are connected in series, and the fourth power storage module, the fifth power storage module, and the sixth power storage module are connected in series. A first switch group that switches between two parallel connection states in which the fifth power storage module row formed in parallel is connected, and the second power storage module and the fourth storage Module, and a power storage module power supply unit in which the third power storage module and the fifth power storage module are respectively connected in parallel, and in the three parallel connection state, the first power storage module, the third power storage module, the fifth power storage module, The combined capacity of the circuit, the second storage module, the fourth storage module, the sixth storage module, and the combined capacity of the circuit are equal, and in the two parallel connection state, the first storage module, A combined capacity of a circuit composed of six power storage modules, a circuit composed of a second power storage module, a fourth power storage module, a combined capacity of a circuit composed of a third power storage module, and a fifth power storage module Provided is a power storage module power supply unit characterized by having the same capacity.

  In this case, it is not always required that the capacities of all the power storage modules are equal in order to suppress variations in voltage among the power storage modules. Specifically, as will be described in detail in Example 2 described later, according to the specific configuration of the power storage module unit, some specific mathematical formulas that are determined by the condition that the capacity of each power storage module is the above-mentioned constant composite capacity It is possible to switch the connection state while suppressing the variation in voltage on condition that the relationship defined in (1) is satisfied. Such a configuration increases the degree of freedom in selecting the capacity of the power storage module.

  In the above configuration, each of the first to sixth power storage modules may be a power storage module in which one or more power storage elements each having the same capacity are connected in series.

  Even in this case, as described above, it is possible to adjust the output voltage while suppressing variations in voltage on condition that the combined capacitances are equal between the three parallel connection state and the two parallel connection state.

  In addition, by appropriately selecting the capacity and number of power storage elements included in each power storage module group, and the distribution of the power storage modules in the second power storage module group between the three parallel and two parallel connection states, etc. It is possible to adjust the output voltage within a desired adjustment range after arbitrarily adjusting the voltage ratio. For example, when configuring a power supply unit that includes multiple types of modules such as electric double layer capacitor modules, lithium ion capacitors, secondary batteries, etc., the material life, allowable maximum voltage, etc. of each module Accordingly, the ratio of applied voltages can be adjusted in advance.

  Further, the power storage module power supply unit includes one or more rectifiers connected in parallel to a switch included in the first switch group, the switch being turned on in the three parallel connection state and turned off in the two parallel connection state. One or more switches connected in parallel to a first rectifying element group of elements and a switch included in the first switch group, which is turned off in the three parallel connection state and turned on in the two parallel connection state At least one of the second rectifying element group including the rectifying elements may be provided.

  When switching between the two parallel connection state and the three parallel connection state, all the switches may be temporarily turned off. Even in such a case, instantaneous interruption of the power supply can be prevented by providing the rectifying element group. In addition, by selecting either the first rectifying element group or the second rectifying element group, it is possible to select which connection state is realized when all the switches are turned off.

  Furthermore, the power storage module power supply unit includes both a first rectifying element group and a second rectifying element group, and the first rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off a discharge current, and the second rectifying element The group can be configured as including rectifying elements configured to not block the charging current.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent a momentary interruption both during charging and discharging. That is, when all the switches are temporarily turned off during discharging, one of the connection states before and after switching is realized by the first rectifying element group, and all the switches are temporarily turned off during charging. In such a case, the second rectifying element group realizes the other of the connection states before and after switching, thereby preventing instantaneous interruption.

  In the fourth invention, the first power storage module group including n power storage modules having the same capacity (n is an integer of 1 or more), and twice the power storage modules included in the first power storage module group A second power storage module group configured by 2n power storage modules having a capacity, and a third power storage module group configured by n power storage modules having a capacity equal to that of the power storage modules included in the first power storage module group A first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series and n power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. And the n storage modules included in the second storage module group and the first parallel circuit in which the second storage module array formed in parallel is connected in parallel. The third power storage module row in which the remaining n power storage modules different from the module are connected in series and the fourth power storage module row in which all the power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series are parallel. The connected second parallel circuit is connected in series, and the two parallel circuits are connected in series, the second storage module row, the first storage module row, and the fourth storage module row are connected in parallel. A power storage module comprising: a first switch group that switches between a series connection state of one parallel circuit and two power storage module columns, in which a third parallel circuit and a third power storage module column are connected in series Provide a power supply unit.

  Also with the power storage module power supply unit having such a configuration, it is possible to adjust the output voltage in smaller units than in the past while suppressing variations in voltage in each power storage module.

  Moreover, this 5th invention is the 1st electrical storage module group which consists of 1 or more electrical storage modules, the 2nd electrical storage module group which consists of 2 or more electrical storage modules, the 3rd electrical storage module group which consists of 1 or more electrical storage modules, A first switch group, in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series, and one or more power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. A first parallel circuit in which the second power storage module row is connected in parallel, and a third power storage module that is included in the second power storage module group, and the remaining power storage modules different from the one or more power storage modules are connected in series. A power storage module row and a fourth power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series are in parallel. A series connection state of two parallel circuits in which a second parallel circuit is connected in series, a second power storage module row, a first power storage module row, and a fourth power storage module row are connected in parallel. A power storage module comprising: a first switch group that switches between a series connection state of one parallel circuit and two power storage module columns, in which a third parallel circuit and a third power storage module column are connected in series Provide a power supply unit.

  In the power supply unit having a more generalized configuration, the capacity and number of power storage modules included in each power storage module group, and the serial connection state of two parallel circuits and one parallel circuit and two power storage module rows Output voltage within a desired adjustment range after arbitrarily adjusting the voltage ratio to each power storage module by appropriately selecting the distribution of the power storage modules in the second power storage module group between the series connection states Adjustment is possible. For example, when configuring a power supply unit that includes multiple types of modules such as electric double layer capacitor modules, lithium ion capacitors, secondary batteries, etc., the material life, allowable maximum voltage, etc. of each module Accordingly, the ratio of applied voltages can be adjusted in advance.

  In the serial connection state of two parallel circuits, the combined capacity of the first parallel circuit and the combined capacity of the second parallel circuit are equal, and in the serial connection state of one parallel circuit and two storage module rows, the second storage The power supply unit can be configured such that the combined capacity of the power storage modules included in the module row, the combined capacity of the third parallel circuit, and the combined capacity of the power storage modules included in the third power storage module row are equal. . Further, the capacities of the power storage modules included in the first power storage module row are all equal, the capacities of the power storage modules included in the second power storage module row are all equal, and the capacities of the power storage modules included in the third power storage module row are all equal, The power storage module power supply unit can be configured on the assumption that the power storage modules included in the fourth power storage module row have the same capacity. Further, the number of power storage modules included in the first power storage module column, the number of power storage modules included in the second power storage module column, the number of power storage modules included in the third power storage module column, and the fourth power storage module column The power supply unit can be configured assuming that the number of power storage modules included is equal.

  By taking such a configuration, it is possible to suppress variations in voltage in each power storage module in each connection state.

  Further, the power storage module power supply unit is a switch included in the first switch group, and is turned on when two parallel circuits are connected in series and turned off when one parallel circuit and two power storage module rows are connected in series. A first rectifying element group composed of one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel to the switch, and a switch included in the first switch group, which is turned off in a series connection state of two parallel circuits. The switch may be provided with at least one of a second rectifying element group including one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel to a switch that is turned on in a series connection state of the parallel circuit and the two storage module rows. .

  When switches are switched between a series connection state of two parallel circuits and a series connection state of one parallel circuit and two storage module rows, all the switches may be temporarily turned off. Even in such a case, instantaneous interruption of the power supply can be prevented by providing the rectifying element group. In addition, by selecting either the first rectifying element group or the second rectifying element group, it is possible to select which connection state is realized when all the switches are turned off.

  The first rectifying element group includes both a first rectifying element group and a second rectifying element group, the first rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off the discharge current, and the second rectifying element group does not cut off the charging current. The power supply unit can be configured to include the rectifying element configured as described above.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent a momentary interruption both during charging and discharging. That is, when all the switches are temporarily turned off during discharging, one of the connection states before and after switching is realized by the first rectifying element group, and all the switches are temporarily turned off during charging. In this case, the other of the connection states before and after the switching is realized by the other of the second rectifying element groups, thereby preventing an instantaneous interruption.

  Further, according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first power storage unit, the second power storage unit, and the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit, which are any of the power storage module power supply units described above, are connected in series. And a second switch group that switches between a series connection state of the two power storage units and a parallel connection state of the two power storage units in which the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit are connected in parallel. Provide a power system.

  In this way, by using the power storage module power supply unit according to the present invention as a component, and configuring a system that can further switch the connection state, fine output voltage adjustment in multiple stages becomes possible. Here, the adjustment step size when adjusting the output voltage by switching the second switch group is determined according to the output voltage of each power storage unit determined by switching the first switch group. Therefore, 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 output voltages are obtained by switching the first switch group included in each of the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit in two ways and switching the second switch group in two ways. Can be realized. Note that, as will be described later in the embodiments, even when the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit are provided as units having the same configuration in order to suppress variations in the voltage of each power storage module, the output voltage is set to four levels. It is possible to adjust with.

  Further, the power system is a switch included in the second switch group, and is connected in parallel to a switch that is turned off when the two power storage units are connected in series and turned on when the two power storage units are connected in parallel. A switch included in the second rectifying element group and the second switch group, which is turned on when the two power storage units are connected in series and turned off when the two power storage units are connected in parallel. And a fourth rectifying element group including one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel to the switch.

  When the switch is switched between the parallel connection state of the two power storage units and the series connection state of the two power storage units, all the switches may be temporarily turned off. Even in such a case, instantaneous interruption of the power supply can be prevented by providing the rectifying element group. Note that by selecting either the third rectifying element group or the fourth rectifying element group, it is possible to select which connection state is realized when all the switches are turned off.

  In addition to providing both the third rectifying element group and the fourth rectifying element group, the third rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off the discharge current, and the fourth rectifying element group receives the charging current. The power supply system can be configured as including a rectifying element configured not to be cut off.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent a momentary disconnection associated with switch switching during charge / discharge.

  The power storage module preferably includes a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, or a secondary battery. Further, at least a part of the power storage module may be a power storage module including two or more power storage elements. Even when two or more power storage elements are connected in series and in parallel, it is possible to handle them in the same manner as a single power storage element by appropriately calculating the combined capacity.

  Note that the first switch group and the second switch group are preferably composed of electronic switches (semiconductor switches) using FETs, thyristors, photo MOS relays, or the like. Or the said switch group may be comprised from mechanical switches with a slow response speed, such as a power relay.

  By using the power supply unit according to the present invention, for example, by switching the connection state of the capacitors constituting the power supply unit between 2 series 3 parallel and 3 series 2 parallel, the output voltage can be changed without causing voltage variation of each capacitor. It becomes possible to make fine adjustments. Further, by providing a diode in parallel to each switch constituting the power supply unit, it is possible to switch the connection state without interruption even during charging and discharging.

  In addition, by using the power supply system according to the present invention, for example, by switching the connection state of the capacitors constituting the power supply system between 2 series, 3 series, 4 series, and 6 series, voltage variation of each capacitor can be generated. Therefore, the output voltage can be adjusted in multiple stages. Further, by providing a diode in parallel to each switch constituting the power supply system, it is possible to switch the connection state without interruption even during charging and discharging.

This is a conventional power supply unit for switching between 1 series 2 parallel and 2 series 1 parallel. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 1 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 1, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 series 1 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 1, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. This is a conventional power supply unit for switching the connection state in multiple stages. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 3, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 3 series connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 3, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 4 series connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 3, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is an electrical storage module power supply unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 series 3 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 5, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 3 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 5, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a schematic diagram which shows the time transition of an output voltage and a capacitor cell voltage at the time of discharge of the power supply unit of FIG. It is an electrical storage module power supply unit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 series 3 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 8, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 3 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 8, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is an electrical storage module power supply unit which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 series connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 10, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 3 series connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 10, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is an electrical storage module power supply unit which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a 2-series / 3-parallel connection state and a current path during discharge in the power supply unit of FIG. 12. FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a state in which all switches are turned off in the power supply unit of FIG. 12 and a current path during discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the current path at the time of the 3 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 12, and discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the current path at the time of the 3 series 2 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 12, and charge. FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a state in which all switches are turned off in the power supply unit of FIG. 12 and a current path during charging. It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2 current 3 parallel connection state in the power supply unit of FIG. 12, and the current path at the time of charge. It is an electrical storage module power supply system which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating a connection state of mode 1 and a current path during discharging in the power supply system of FIG. 15. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a connection state of mode 2 and a current path during discharging in the power supply system of FIG. 15. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a connection state of mode 3 in the power supply system of FIG. 15 and a current path during discharging. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating a connection state of mode 4 and a current path during discharging in the power supply system of FIG. 15. It is a schematic diagram which shows the time transition of an output voltage and a capacitor cell voltage at the time of discharge of the power supply system of FIG. It is an electrical storage module power supply system which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the switch sequence at the time of the connection state of the system of FIG. 21 being switched from the mode 1 to the mode 2. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 1 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 1-1 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 2 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a schematic diagram which shows the switch sequence at the time of the connection state of the system of FIG. 21 being switched from the mode 2 to the mode 3. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of mode 2-1 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of mode 2-2 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of mode 2-3 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the current pathway at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of mode 2-4 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a connection state of mode 2-5 in the power supply system of FIG. 21 and a current path during discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 3 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing a switch sequence when the connection state of the system of FIG. 21 is switched from mode 3 to mode 4. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 3-1 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 3-2 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 3-3 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the electric current path | route at the time of discharge. It is a circuit diagram which shows the connection state of the mode 4 in the power supply system of FIG. 21, and the current pathway at the time of discharge.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a power storage module power supply unit and a power storage module power supply system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The power storage module power supply unit in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is composed of six capacitors, and the power storage module power supply unit in the embodiment of FIG. 10 is composed of four capacitors, but these are merely exemplary embodiments. Thus, the number of capacitors included in the power supply module of the present invention is arbitrary. Although each power storage module is described as a capacitor, it may be an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, an arbitrary element that can be charged and discharged, such as a secondary battery, or a module composed of a plurality of elements. The capacity of each power storage element may also be different. Similarly, the specific configuration of the switch group and the rectifying element group is not limited to the specific configuration shown in the figure, and can be arbitrarily changed within the scope of the present invention.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIG. 5 shows a power storage module power supply unit 1 that can be used as an example of the first invention and the second invention. The power supply unit 1 is composed of six capacitors C1 to C6 having the same capacity and switches Q1 to Q5, and is connected to an arbitrary electronic device or the like connected between the first terminal 3 and the second terminal 4. It can be used as a power source.

  Here, as already described, the elements specifically used as capacitors and the number thereof can be changed as appropriate. That is, as an example of the second invention, for example, each of C1 to C6 may be configured as a module formed by connecting arbitrary n (n is an integer of 1 or more) capacitors in series, or C1 to C6. C6 may be a power storage module including a different number of arbitrary power storage elements. It is not an essential condition that the capacitors C1 to C6 have the same capacity. This is because the voltage ratio to each capacitor can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the capacitance of each capacitor as described above. This embodiment is an example for equalizing each voltage by equalizing the capacitance of each capacitor.

  Similarly, as the element specifically used as the switch, any switch element such as a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch can be used according to the size and response speed allowed in the power supply unit. The arrangement of each switch in the circuit is not limited to the specific pattern shown in FIG. 5, and if the connection state of mode 1 and mode 2 described below can be realized, what pattern each switch has It may be arranged. The same applies to Examples 2 to 6 described later.

  The first switch group consisting of the switches Q1 to Q5 includes a mode 1 in which Q1, Q3 and Q5 are turned on and Q2 and Q4 are turned off, and Q2 and Q4 are turned on and Q1, Q1 are turned on by control of a switch control means (not shown). The mode is switched to mode 2 in which Q3 and Q5 are turned off. For example, when a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET is used as the switch, an arbitrary switch driver can be used as the switch control means.

Operation of power storage module power supply unit 1 Next, a discharge operation when a voltage is output to any electronic device or the like by the power storage module power supply unit 1 will be described.

  First, as a preparation for discharging, capacitors C1 to C6 are each charged with an equal voltage. Further, the first switch group is controlled so as to be in the connection state of mode 1 in this initial state (or all the switches may be turned off). By connecting both terminals of an electronic device or the like (hereinafter simply referred to as a load) to both terminals of the power storage module power supply unit 1 (when all switches are off, the first switch group is further switched to mode 1). By switching), the discharge is started.

  FIG. 6A shows a circuit connection state and a current path during discharge in mode 1. FIG. The switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned on, and the capacitors C1 and C2, C3 and C4, and C5 and C6 are connected in series, respectively. Furthermore, these three series circuits are connected in parallel, that is, the power supply unit as a whole has a 2 series 3 parallel configuration. Therefore, a voltage corresponding to the sum of the voltages applied to the two capacitors (C1 and C2, or C3 and C4, or C5 and C6) is output to the load.

  In this state, the discharge current flows through three paths as shown in FIG. 6A, but since the combined capacitance of the capacitors existing in each path is equal, the current is uniformly distributed through the three paths. That is, the capacitors C1 to C6 are all discharged at an equal speed, and their voltage drops are also equal, so that there is no voltage variation among the capacitors.

  As the discharge progresses, the output voltage decreases. That is, if the discharge in mode 1 is continued, the output voltage will eventually fall outside the operating voltage range of the load. In order to avoid this, the switch control means may switch the first switch group to increase the output voltage. Specifically, before the output voltage falls below a predetermined value (typically the lower limit value of the operating voltage range), the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned off, and the switches Q2 and Q4 are turned on instead. As a result, the connection state is switched to mode 2 and the output voltage rises.

  The output voltage is compared with the predetermined value, for example, by any voltage detection means (not shown) such as a voltmeter connected to both terminals of the power storage module power supply unit 1 or both ends of the capacitors C1 to C6. Can be executed. Typically, the output voltage is reported from the voltage detection means to the switch control means every time a predetermined time elapses, and the output voltage and the above-mentioned value are output in the switch control means or in the comparison operation circuit connected to the switch control means. A comparison with a predetermined value can be performed, and a switching command can be sent to the first switch group according to the comparison result.

  FIG. 6B shows a circuit connection state and a current path at the time of discharging in mode 2. Switches Q2 and Q4 are on, capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and C4, C5, and C6 are connected in series, respectively. Furthermore, these two series circuits are connected in parallel, that is, the power supply unit as a whole has a 3 series 2 parallel configuration. Therefore, a voltage corresponding to the sum of the voltages applied to the three capacitors (C1, C2, and C3, or C4, C5, and C6) is output to the load, and the output voltage is compared with that immediately before switching. And 1.5 times. FIG. 7 shows the discharge in mode 1, the change from mode 1 to mode 2, the change in output voltage accompanying the discharge in mode 2, and the change in each capacitor voltage.

  In this state, the discharge current flows through two paths as shown in FIG. 6B, but since the combined capacitance of the capacitors existing in each path is all equal, the current is uniformly distributed through the two paths. That is, the capacitors C1 to C6 are all discharged at an equal speed, and their voltage drops are also equal, so that there is no voltage variation among the capacitors.

  As described above, in this embodiment, switching between the two-series three-parallel configuration and the three-series two-parallel configuration is enabled by switching the connection state of the capacitors using the switches Q1 to Q5. Furthermore, since the current flowing through each capacitor is always uniform in both modes, voltage variations do not occur positively throughout the series of discharge operations involving mode switching. Since mode 1 has a three-parallel configuration and mode 2 has a two-parallel configuration, if the output current of power supply unit 1 is constant, the current flowing through each capacitor in mode 2 is mode 1 It is larger than the current of each capacitor. That is, in mode 1, each capacitor is discharged by a current that is 1/3 of the output current (assuming all the capacitances are equal), whereas in mode 2, each capacitor is 1/2 the output current. It is discharged by the current. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the voltage gradient of each capacitor in mode 2 is larger than the voltage gradient in mode 1.

  The capacitors C1 to C6 may each be configured as a module formed by connecting n capacitors having the same capacity in series. This is because even such a module can be handled in the same manner as a single capacitor having a combined capacitance calculated for a series of connected capacitors. In this case, as long as the capacitances of the capacitors constituting each of the modules are all equal, the voltage does not actively vary.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIG. 8 shows a power storage module power supply unit 1 that can be used as an example of the third invention. In addition to the configuration of FIG. 5, C2 and C4, and C3 and C5 are further connected in parallel. Similar to the first embodiment, the first switch group including the switches Q1 to Q5 includes a mode 1 in which Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned on and Q2 and Q4 are turned off under the control of a switch control unit (not shown), and Q2. , Q4 is turned on and the mode 2 is switched to Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned off.

Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 Next, a discharge operation when a voltage is output to an arbitrary electronic device or the like by the power storage module power supply unit 1 of the second embodiment will be described. Similar to the first embodiment, the capacitors C1 to C6 are charged with the same voltage at the initial time point, and discharge is started in the connection state of mode 1.

  FIG. 9A shows a circuit connection state and a current path during discharge in mode 1. FIG. The power supply unit 1 is configured as a two-series, three-parallel grid circuit in which a parallel circuit in which C1, C3, and C5 are connected in parallel and a parallel circuit in which C2, C4, and C6 are connected in parallel are connected in series. Has been. As shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. 9A, the current is also output through the three paths in the second embodiment, but the current also flows along the path indicated by the broken line in FIG. 9A. When the current flows through the broken line path, voltage variations between C1, C3, and C5 and between C2, C4, and C6, which are connected in parallel, do not occur.

Moreover, if the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C1, C3, and C5 is equal to the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C2, C4, and C6, voltage variation between the parallel circuits connected in series can also occur. Therefore, voltage variation does not occur between all capacitors. That is, the conditions for preventing voltage variations among all capacitors during discharge in mode 1 are as follows.
C1 + C3 + C5 = C2 + C4 + C6 (1)

  Here, the symbols C1 to C6 in the above formula (1) represent the magnitudes of the capacitors C1 to C6, respectively. The same applies to the following mathematical expressions. As described in the first embodiment, each of C1 to C6 may be a module including n capacitors, or may be a module including any number of capacitors having different capacities. In this case, C1 to C6 in the above formula (1) should be calculated assuming that each is the combined capacity of such modules.

  As the discharge progresses, the output voltage decreases. Similar to the first embodiment, the first switch group is switched to the mode 2 before the output voltage falls below a predetermined value. As a result, the output voltage rises.

  FIG. 9B shows a circuit connection state and a current path at the time of discharging in mode 2. In the power supply unit 1, three parallel circuits of a parallel circuit in which C1 and C6 are connected in parallel, a parallel circuit in which C2 and C4 are connected in parallel, and a parallel circuit in which C3 and C5 are connected in parallel are connected in series. Further, it is configured as a three-series, two-parallel grid-like circuit. As indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. 9B, the current is output through the two paths in the second embodiment as well, but the current also flows on the path indicated by the broken line in FIG. 9B. When the current flows through the broken line path, there is no voltage variation between C1 and C6, C2 and C4, and C3 and C5, which are connected in parallel.

If the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C1 and C6, the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C2 and C4, and the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C3 and C5 are equal, it is between the parallel circuits connected in series. Therefore, no voltage variation occurs between all the capacitors. In other words, the conditions for preventing voltage variations among all capacitors during discharge in mode 2 are as follows.
C1 + C6 = C2 + C4 = C3 + C5 (2)

  When C1 to C6 are modules each composed of n capacitors, or when the modules are composed of any number of capacitors having different capacities, such modules are represented as C1 to C6 in the above formula (2). The combined capacity of may be used.

  If the capacitances C1 to C6 of each capacitor are selected so as to satisfy both of the above formulas (1) and (2), voltage variation does not occur over the entire series of discharge operations involving mode switching. That is, by selecting the capacitance so that C1 = C6 and the expression (2) is satisfied, voltage variations during discharging (and during charging) can be prevented.

  Capacitors C1 to C6 can be configured as modules in which n capacitors having the same capacity are connected in series (“equal capacity” herein refers to, for example, n capacitors that constitute C1) It means having the same capacity, and does not limit whether or not all of the 6n capacitors constituting C1 to C6 have the same capacity.) Also in this case, if the combined capacitance calculated as described above is equal in both modes, the voltage of each capacitor does not actively vary.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIG. 10 shows a power storage module power supply unit 1 that can be used as an example of the fourth invention and the fifth invention. In the circuit shown in FIG. 8, the capacitors C2 and C5 are removed, and the capacitances of the capacitors C3 and C4 are twice that of the capacitors C1 and C6. Such a configuration of FIG. 10 is equivalent to a configuration in which all capacitors have the same capacitance in the circuit of FIG. As in the first and second embodiments, the output voltage can be adjusted stepwise by switching between the two modes using the first switch group.

  Here, as already described, the elements specifically used as capacitors and the number thereof can be changed as appropriate. That is, as an example of the fifth aspect of the present invention, for example, the capacity ratio of C1, C3, C4, and C6 may be changed as appropriate, or C1, C3, C4, and C6 are each composed of a different number of arbitrary power storage modules. It may be a power storage module group. This is because the voltage ratio to each capacitor can be arbitrarily adjusted by making such a change. This embodiment is an example for equalizing the respective voltages by setting the capacitance ratio of C1, C3, C4, and C6 to 1: 2: 2: 1.

Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 Next, a discharge operation when a voltage is output to an arbitrary electronic device or the like by the power storage module power supply unit 1 of the third embodiment will be described. Similar to the first and second embodiments, the capacitors C1, C3, C4, and C6 are charged with the same voltage at the initial time, and the discharge is performed in the connection state of the mode 1 in which the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned on. Be started.

  FIG. 11A shows a circuit connection state and a current path during discharge in mode 1. FIG. The power supply unit 1 is configured as a two-series two-parallel grid-like circuit in which a parallel circuit in which C1 and C3 are connected in parallel and a parallel circuit in which C4 and C6 are connected in parallel are connected in series. In this case, current is output through three paths, as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 11A.

Here, if the combined capacity of the parallel circuit made up of C1 and C3 is equal to the combined capacity of the parallel circuit made up of C4 and C6, there will be no voltage variation between the parallel circuits connected in series. There will be no voltage variation between the capacitors. That is, the conditions for preventing voltage variations among all capacitors during discharge in mode 1 are as follows.
C1 + C3 = C4 + C6 (3)

  In the third embodiment, since C1 = C6 and C3 = C4, the above expression (3) is satisfied. However, C1 and C6 do not necessarily have the same capacity, and the capacity of each capacitor may be arbitrarily selected as long as the expression (3) is satisfied.

  Note that there is no voltage variation between C1 and C3 and C4 and C6 connected in parallel. Specifically, as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 11A, a current twice as large as the current flowing in C1 and C6 flows through C3 and C4, while the capacitance of C3 and C4 is C1 and C6. This is because the voltage drop of each capacitor is equal because it is twice the capacitance of the capacitor.

  As the discharge proceeds, the first switch group is switched to mode 2. The connection state and current path in mode 2 are shown in FIG. 11B.

  The power supply unit 1 has a three-series configuration in which C4, a parallel circuit in which C1 and C6 are connected in parallel, and C3 are connected in series. In this case, current is output through two paths, as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 11B.

Here, if the capacity of C4, the combined capacity of the parallel circuit composed of C1 and C6, and the capacity of C3 are equal, no voltage variation occurs between the circuits connected in series, and therefore, between all capacitors. Thus, voltage variation does not occur. In other words, the conditions for preventing voltage variations among all capacitors during discharge in mode 2 are as follows.
C4 = C1 + C6 = C3 (4)

  In the third embodiment, since C1 = C6, C3 = C4, and C3 = 2C1, the above formula (4) is satisfied. However, C1 and C6 and the like do not necessarily have the same capacity, and the capacity of each capacitor may be arbitrarily selected as long as Expression (4) is satisfied.

  As in the first and second embodiments, the capacitors C1, C3, C4, and C6 may be configured as modules in which n capacitors each having the same capacitance are connected in series (here, “capacities are equal”). Means, for example, that n capacitors constituting C1 have the same capacity, and whether or not all 4n capacitors constituting C1, C3, C4, and C6 have the same capacity, Not limited to.) Even in this case, the voltage does not actively vary on condition that the combined capacitance calculated as described above is equal in both modes.

  As described above, only the operation at the time of discharging has been described as the operation of the first to third embodiments. However, the operation can be performed by the same principle at the time of charging.

  In the first to third embodiments described above, the connection state is switched by simultaneously turning on / off the group of switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 and the group of switches Q2 and Q4. However, it is considered that a certain error due to the performance of the switch driver used, the response speed of each switch, or the like may occur in the on / off timing. When switching the actual connection state, if both the switch Q1, Q3, Q5 set and the switch Q2, Q4 set are temporarily turned on due to such an error, the capacitor and the switch are damaged. There is a risk of inviting. For example, when the switches Q1 and Q2 are turned on at the same time, the capacitor C3 of the first embodiment falls into a short state. At this time, a large current flows through the capacitor C3, which may damage the capacitor C3 and the switches Q1 and Q2.

  Thus, in order to avoid simultaneously turning on the switches that should be turned on in the separate modes, the set of switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 and the set of switches Q2 and Q4 are both in actual use. It is necessary to provide a dead time period for turning off. However, since all the switches that should be turned on in each mode are in the off state during this dead time period, an instantaneous interruption state occurs in which the power supply to the load is cut off. In order to prevent such an instantaneous interruption state, in Example 4, a diode is connected in parallel with each switch.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIG. 12 shows a power storage module power supply unit 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The configuration of FIG. 12 enables prevention of instantaneous interruption at the time of mode switching by attaching diodes D1 to D5 in parallel to the switches Q1 to Q5 in the configuration shown in FIG. 5 as the first embodiment. Is. In this power supply unit 1 as well, as in the first embodiment, the output voltage can be adjusted stepwise by switching between the two modes using the first switch group.

Discharge Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C show connection states and current paths during discharge. FIG. 13A corresponds to mode 1 and FIG. 13C corresponds to mode 2 in the same manner as FIGS. 6A and 6B, but in addition to this, the dead time when switching between mode 1 and mode 2 The connection state and current path during the period are shown in FIG. 13B.

  Discharging is started in the mode 1 connection state. The current path at this time is the same as the current path in FIG. 6A as shown in FIG. 13A. When the capacitance of each capacitor is equal, there is no voltage variation.

  As the discharge progresses, the switches Q1 to Q5 are switched to the mode 2. Here, when switching, a dead time period is provided to avoid a short circuit as described above, and all the switches are temporarily turned off.

  The connection state and current path during the dead time period are shown in FIG. 13B. As shown in the drawing, the current flowing through the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 in the mode 1 flows through the diodes D1, D3, and D5 connected in parallel with the switches during the dead time period. That is, even during the dead time period, the current is not momentarily interrupted, and the same state as in mode 1 is maintained.

  Thereafter, the power supply unit 1 is switched to the mode 2 by turning on the switches Q2 and Q4. In mode 2, the current that was flowing through the diodes D1, D3, and D5 during the dead time period flows through the switches Q2 and Q4. The current path at this time is the same as the current path in FIG. 6B as shown in FIG. 13C. The output voltage rises, and thereafter discharge proceeds in the mode 2 connection state.

Charging Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply Unit 1 FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C show connection states and current paths during charging. Unlike discharging, charging is started in the connection state of mode 2 shown in FIG. 14A, and after a dead time period in which all the switches are turned off as shown in FIG. 14B, the mode 1 is shown in FIG. 14C. Can be switched.

  The current path at the start of discharge is the same as the current path in FIG. 6B, as shown in FIG. 14A. When the capacitance of each capacitor is equal, there is no voltage variation. As an example, when charging the power storage module power supply unit 1 composed of capacitors C1 to C6 having equal capacitances, switches Q1 to Q5, and diodes D1 to D5 with a DC constant pressure power supply, each capacitor has a power supply voltage by charging in this mode 2. It is charged to 1/3 of the voltage. Further, as shown in FIG. 14A, the current from the power supply branches into two paths and then flows through each capacitor.

  When charging in mode 2 is completed and current stops flowing (or when any condition is satisfied, such as when the current falls below a predetermined value), switches Q1-Q5 are switched to mode 1. Here, when switching, a dead time period is provided to avoid a short circuit as described above, and all the switches are temporarily turned off.

  The connection state and the current path during the dead time are shown in FIG. 14B. As shown in the drawing, the current flowing through the switches Q2 and Q4 in the mode 2 flows through the diodes D2 and D4 connected in parallel with the switches during the dead time period. That is, even during the dead time period, the current is not momentarily interrupted, and the same state as in mode 2 is maintained.

  Thereafter, the power supply unit 1 is switched to the mode 1 by turning on the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5. The current that was flowing through the diodes D2 and D4 during the dead time period flows through the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 in mode 1. The current path at this time is the same as the current path in FIG. 6A as shown in FIG. 14C. When the capacitors C1 to C6 have the same capacity, charging in this mode 1 charges each capacitor to half the power supply voltage.

  As shown in FIG. 14C, in mode 1, the current from the power supply branches into three paths and then flows through each capacitor. That is, if the power supply current is the same, charging in mode 1 of each capacitor is slower than charging in mode 2. Therefore, for efficient charging, as shown in the present embodiment, first in each mode, each capacitor is charged to 1/3 of the power supply voltage, and then the connection state is switched to mode 1, and then each capacitor is continued. Is preferably charged to half the power supply voltage. However, the connection state switching method at the time of charging is not limited to this, and it is possible to charge in mode 1 from the beginning, or to switch modes in the reverse order of the present embodiment.

  As described above, the current path switching after providing the dead time period between the modes is executed as a commutation from the switch to the diode or from the diode to the switch. Therefore, the current is not momentarily interrupted when the mode is switched.

  In this embodiment, the configuration in which a diode is connected in parallel with each switch in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has been particularly described. However, the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and the third embodiment shown in FIG. Also in the embodiment, instantaneous interruption of charging / discharging is prevented by providing a diode in the same manner. That is, in the configuration of FIGS. 8 and 10 as in the case of the configuration of FIG. 5 described above, the diodes D1 to D5 are attached in parallel to the switches Q1 to Q5 to prevent instantaneous interruption at the time of mode switching. The If the polarity of each diode is selected in the same way as the polarity shown in FIG. 12, the discharge current flows through the diodes D1, D3, and D5 during the dead time period during discharging, and during the dead time period during charging. A charging current flows through the diodes D2 and D4. This prevents an instantaneous interruption of current during charging / discharging.

  In the said Examples 1-4, the means to switch a connection state especially between 2 series and 3 series was demonstrated. However, from the viewpoints of stabilizing the operation and efficiency of electronic devices by minimizing fluctuations in the output voltage, and from the viewpoint of using the energy of capacitors that greatly change voltage in a short time due to discharge without waste. It is desirable that the output voltage can be finely adjusted by switching the connection state in multiple stages.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply System 2 FIG. 15 shows a power storage module power supply system 2 as an example of the sixth invention that enables such fine voltage adjustment. In the configuration of FIG. 15, a power storage module unit 5 including capacitors C1 to C6 and switches Q1 to Q5, a power storage module unit 6 including capacitors C7 to C12 and switches Q6 to Q10, and switches Q11 to Q13. (Hereinafter referred to as a second switch group) constitutes the power supply system 2 and is configured to apply a voltage to an arbitrary load connected between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8. ing. The power storage module units 5 and 6 are the power supply units described in the first embodiment. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, the mode is switched between the mode 1 and the mode 2 by controlling the switches Q1 to Q5 or Q6 to Q10. As a whole, the power supply system 2 has a configuration in which each capacitor is replaced by the storage module power supply units 5 and 6 in the power supply unit shown in FIG.

Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply System 2 Next, a discharge operation when a voltage is output to an arbitrary electronic device or the like by the power storage module power supply system 2 of the fifth embodiment will be described. As in the previous Examples 1 to 4, it is assumed that the capacitors C1 to C12 are charged with the same voltage at the initial time point. The power supply units 5 and 6 are switched to the connection state of mode 1 in the first embodiment and the like at the start of discharge. In the fifth embodiment, modes 1 to 4 are newly defined as connection states determined for the entire power supply system 2.

  FIG. 16 shows a circuit connection state and a current path at the start of discharge. In the fifth embodiment, such a connection state is defined as mode 1. In mode 1, Q1, Q3, and Q5, and Q6, Q8, and Q10 are on, and the power supply units 5 and 6 are in a 2-series / 3-parallel state. Since Q11 and Q12 are on, the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in parallel. That is, the power supply system 2 as a whole is in a state of 2 series 6 parallel.

  As indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 16, in mode 1, the current first branches into two paths toward the power supply units 5 and 6, and further flows into three paths within each power supply unit. Eventually, the currents flowing through these six paths merge and are output to the load. In this case, if the capacitances of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8, C9 and C10, and C11 and C12 are equal, no voltage variation occurs between the capacitors. Each capacitor may be a power storage module formed by connecting a plurality of arbitrary power storage elements. In this case, the combined capacity of these power storage elements may be used as C1 to C12. The same as 4. The output voltage is the sum of two capacitor voltages connected in series, such as C1 and C2.

  The time transition of the output voltage at this time is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the output voltage decreases as the discharge progresses. Before the output voltage falls below a predetermined value, Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q6, Q8, Q10 are turned off, and at the same time, Q2, Q4, Q7, Q9 are turned on. In the fifth embodiment, a connection state realized by such switching as shown in FIG. Each of the power supply units 5 and 6 has a 3 series 2 parallel configuration, and a 3 series 4 parallel connection state is realized as a whole system. Therefore, the output voltage rises as shown in FIG. If four sets of three capacitors connected in series, including C1, C2, and C3, are composed of capacitors of the same capacity, voltage variation does not occur even in mode 2.

  Since mode 1 has a 6-parallel configuration and mode 2 has a 4-parallel configuration, if the output current of power supply system 2 is constant, the current flowing in each capacitor in mode 2 is mode 1 It is larger than the current of each capacitor. That is, in mode 1, each capacitor is discharged by a current that is 1/6 of the output current (assuming all the capacitances are equal), whereas in mode 2, each capacitor is 1/4 the output current. It is discharged by the current. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, the voltage gradient of each capacitor in mode 2 is larger than the voltage gradient in mode 1.

  Thereafter, discharge proceeds in mode 2, and the output voltage once increased continues to decrease again. Before the output voltage falls below a predetermined value, Q2, Q4, and Q7, Q9 are turned off, and at the same time, Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q6, Q8, Q10 are turned on. At the same time as these switching operations, Q11 and Q12 are turned off and Q13 is turned on, so that the connection of the power supply units 5 and 6 is switched in series. In the fifth embodiment, the connection state realized by such switching as shown in FIG. Each of the power supply units 5 and 6 has a 2 series 3 parallel configuration, and a 4 series 3 parallel connection state is realized as a whole system. Therefore, the output voltage rises as shown in FIG.

  In mode 3, if the combined capacitances of the capacitors included in power supply units 5 and 6 are equal, the voltages of both power supply units are equal. In addition, if six sets of two capacitors connected in series such as C1 and C2 are each composed of capacitors of the same capacity, voltage variation does not occur even in mode 3.

  Since mode 2 has a 4-parallel configuration and mode 3 has a 3-parallel configuration, if the output current of power supply system 2 is constant, the current flowing in each capacitor in mode 3 is mode 2 It is larger than the current of each capacitor. That is, in mode 2, each capacitor is discharged by a current that is ¼ of the output current (assuming that the capacitances are all equal), whereas in mode 3, each capacitor is 大 き the output current. It is discharged by the current. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, the voltage gradient of each capacitor in mode 3 is larger than the voltage gradient in mode 2.

  Thereafter, discharge proceeds in mode 3, and the output voltage once increased continues to decrease again. Before the output voltage falls below a predetermined value, Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q6, Q8, and Q10 are turned off, and Q2, Q4, and Q7, Q9 are turned on at the same time. In the fifth embodiment, a connection state realized by such switching as shown in FIG. Each of the power supply units 5 and 6 has a 3 series 2 parallel configuration, and a 6 series 2 parallel connection state is realized as a whole system in which these units are connected in series. Therefore, the output voltage rises as shown in FIG.

  In mode 4, if the combined capacitances of the capacitors included in power supply units 5 and 6 are equal, the voltages of both power supply units are equal. In addition, if four sets of three capacitors connected in series, such as C1, C2, and C3, are composed of capacitors of the same capacity, voltage variation does not occur even in mode 4.

  Since mode 3 has a three-parallel configuration and mode 4 has a two-parallel configuration, if the output current of power supply system 2 is constant, the current flowing through each capacitor in mode 4 is mode 3 It is larger than the current of each capacitor. That is, in mode 3, each capacitor is discharged by a current that is 1/3 of the output current (assuming all the capacitances are equal), whereas in mode 4, each capacitor is 1/2 the output current. It is discharged by the current. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, the voltage gradient of each capacitor in mode 4 is larger than the voltage gradient in mode 3.

  As described above, if the system configuration shown in FIG. 15 is adopted, the number of capacitors connected in series can be switched between 2 series, 3 series, 4 series, and 6 series. The current flowing in each capacitor is the same as in the previous embodiments as long as the capacitance of each capacitor satisfies the conditions described in each mode. Therefore, voltage variation does not occur positively.

  In addition, although the operation | movement at the time of discharge was demonstrated here, it can operate | move on the same principle also at the time of charge. Similarly, in the fifth embodiment, the case where the power supply unit described in the first embodiment is used as the power supply units 5 and 6 has been described. However, each unit of the second or third embodiment is used as the power supply unit 5 or 6. However, the power supply system can operate according to the same principle.

  In the fifth embodiment, the operation has been described on the assumption that the switches are turned on / off at the same time. However, in order to prevent a short circuit by providing a diode in parallel with each switch as in the fourth embodiment. It is possible to switch the connection state without instantaneous interruption while providing the dead time period. An example is shown below.

Configuration of Power Storage Module Power Supply System 2 FIG. 21 shows a power storage module power supply system 2 that is an example of the sixth aspect of the present invention. The configuration of FIG. 21 enables prevention of instantaneous interruption at the time of mode switching by attaching diodes D1 to D13 in parallel to the switches Q1 to Q13 in the configuration shown in FIG. 15 as the fifth embodiment. Is. That is, the power supply units 5 and 6 used in the sixth embodiment are the power supply units described in the fourth embodiment with reference to FIG. In the power supply system 2 as well, as in the fifth embodiment, the first switch group in each of the power supply units 5 and 6 and the second switch group including Q11 to Q13 are respectively switched, so that 2 series 6 parallel, 3 Stepwise adjustment of the output voltage is possible using four modes consisting of a series 4-parallel, 4-series 3-parallel, and 6-series 2-parallel connection states.

Discharge Operation of Power Storage Module Power Supply System 2 Next, the discharge operation performed by the power supply system 2 of the sixth embodiment, which is performed while sequentially switching the four modes, will be described.

Switching Operation from Mode 1 to Mode 2 First, the operation of switching the connection state of the power supply system 2 from the initial mode 1 to the mode 2 through the intermediate connection mode 1-1 will be described.

  FIG. 23, FIG. 24, and FIG. 25 show the connection state and current path at each time point in switching from mode 1 to mode 2. FIG. FIG. 23 corresponds to mode 1 and FIG. 25 corresponds to mode 2 in the same way as FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, but in addition, in the middle of switching between mode 1 and mode 2 The connection state and current path are shown in FIG. The state during the switching shown in FIG. 24 is hereinafter referred to as mode 1-1. The state of each switch in each of mode 1, mode 1-1, and mode 2 is shown in FIG.

  At the time of discharging, in the initial mode 1 (FIG. 23), Q1, Q3, Q5 and Q6, Q8, Q10 are turned on, and the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in two series and three in parallel. It has become. Further, since Q11 and Q12 are turned on, the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in parallel, and the power supply system 2 constitutes a 2-series 6-parallel connection state as a whole.

  By turning off Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q6, Q8, Q10 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 1-1 in FIG. At this time, the current flowing through Q1, Q3, Q5 and Q6, Q8, Q10 quickly moves to D1, D3, D5, and D6, D8, D10, so even during the dead time period. The output is not momentarily interrupted. Thereafter, by turning on Q2, Q4, and Q7, Q9, the power supply units 3 and 4 are switched to a 3-series / 2-parallel state, and the power supply system 1 shifts to mode 2 shown in FIG.

  Here, at the time of switching from mode 1-1 to mode 2, only one of the power supply units 5 and 6 is first switched to the 3 series 2 parallel state due to a slight shift in the switch switching timing. That can happen. For example, when Q2 and Q4 are turned on before Q7 and Q9, the power supply unit 5 is switched to the 3 series 2 parallel state, while the power supply unit 6 remains in the 2 series 3 parallel state. It is.

  At this time, if no dead time period is provided and Q6, Q8, and Q10 remain on corresponding to mode 1, the 3 series power supply unit 3 and the 2 series power supply unit 4 are short-circuited. As a result, a large current flows from the power supply unit 5 to 6, which may cause a failure of the element. However, in mode 1-1, Q6, Q8, and Q10 are off, and the diodes D6, D8, and D10 provided to prevent instantaneous interruption are also connected to the power supply units 5 to 6 as shown in FIG. Do not pass current in the direction. Therefore, even if the switch switching timing in each power supply unit is deviated, it does not cause a big problem.

  The specific switching order of the individual switches is merely an example of a sequence for switching the connection state from 2 series 6 parallel to 3 series 4 parallel. It is possible to adopt a switching order different from the above sequence as long as the short circuit and the instantaneous interruption of the output can be prevented, or any other means provided for avoiding such a failure. Individual switches may be switched in order.

Switching operation from mode 2 to mode 3 Next, power is supplied from mode 2 to mode 3 through modes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5, which are intermediate connection states. An operation for switching the connection state of the system 2 will be described.

  25 and FIGS. 27 to 32 show connection states and current paths at each time point in switching from mode 2 to mode 3. FIG. 25 corresponds to mode 2 and FIG. 32 corresponds to mode 3 in the same manner as in FIGS. 17 and 18, but in addition, in the middle of switching between mode 2 and mode 3 Connection states and current paths are shown in FIGS. The state during the switching shown in FIGS. 27 to 31 is hereinafter referred to as modes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. The state of each switch in each of mode 2, modes 2-1 to 2-5, and mode 3 is shown in FIG.

  At the time of discharge, first, in mode 2 (FIG. 25), Q2, Q4, and Q7, Q9 are turned on, and power supply units 5 and 6 are in a three-series and two-parallel connection state, respectively. Furthermore, since Q11 and Q12 are turned on, the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in parallel, and the power supply system 2 constitutes a 3 series 4 parallel connection as a whole.

  By turning off Q11 and Q12 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 2-1 in FIG. At this time, since the current flowing through Q11 and Q12 quickly moves to D11 and D12, the output is not interrupted even during the dead time period.

  Next, by further turning off Q7 and Q9 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 2-2 in FIG. In the mode 2-2, the switches Q6 to Q10 are all turned off, but the output current can flow in the same direction as before switching through the diodes D6, D8, and D10.

  However, the voltage supplied from the power supply unit 6 to output a current through such a path is a voltage output by a capacitor of two series configuration, such as C7 and C8. That is, the voltage from the power supply unit 6 is smaller than the voltage supplied from the power supply unit 5 having a three-series configuration. Therefore, the current is output via only the power supply unit 5 as indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. In addition, since the current from the power supply unit 5 to the power supply unit 6 is blocked by D12, a large current does not flow between the power supply units.

  Next, when Q6, Q8, and Q10 are turned on from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 2-3 in FIG. Similarly to mode 2-2, in the connected state of mode 2-3, the voltage supplied from the power supply unit 6 having the 2-series configuration is smaller than the voltage supplied from the power supply unit 5 having the 3-series configuration. Continues through the power supply unit 5 only.

  Next, when Q13 is turned on from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 2-4 in FIG. By this switching, the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in series. Therefore, the subsequent output current is output via the power supply unit 6, the switch Q13, and the power supply unit 5 without passing through D11.

  In the connection state of mode 2-4, 3 series 2 parallel capacitor units 5 and 2 series 3 parallel capacitor units 6 are connected in series. Therefore, the power supply system 2 has a five-series configuration as a whole, and a voltage corresponding to five capacitors is output. In this state, the output current branches into two paths in the power supply unit 5, while it branches into three paths in the power supply unit 6. That is, the current flowing through each capacitor is not uniform, and if the output in mode 2-4 is continued for a long time, there is a risk of voltage variation between the capacitors. Therefore, when switching from mode 2-3 to mode 2-4, it is preferable to perform the next switching operation within a short time as much as possible.

  Next, by further turning off Q2 and Q4 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 2-5 in FIG. In this state, the switches Q1 to Q5 in the power supply unit 5 are all turned off, and the current flowing through Q2 and Q4 starts to flow through D1, D3, and D5. Accordingly, the power supply units 5 and 6 are all connected in series as a 2 series 3 parallel configuration, and the power supply system 2 can be regarded as a 4 series 3 parallel configuration as a whole.

  Next, by turning on Q1, Q3, and Q5 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 3 in FIG. The current flowing through D1, D3, and D5 immediately moves to Q1, Q3, and Q5.

  The specific switching order from 3 series 4 parallel to 4 series 3 parallel in the above description is merely an example of a sequence. It is also possible to switch the connection state by controlling each switch at a timing different from the above. In the above example, the connection state of the power supply unit 6 is first switched from 3 series 2 parallel to 2 series 3 parallel, and then the power supply unit 6 remains in the 3 series 2 parallel connection state. A sequence in which the connection state of the power supply unit 5 is switched from 3 series 2 parallel to 2 series 3 parallel is adopted. However, it is also possible to adopt a sequence or the like in which, for example, the power supply units 5 and 6 are switched in advance to a 2 series 3 parallel state, and then the two units are connected in series.

Operation for switching from mode 3 to mode 4 Next, operation for switching the connection state of power supply system 2 from mode 3 to mode 4 through modes 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 which are intermediate connection states Will be described.

  32 and FIGS. 34 to 37 show connection states and current paths at various points in switching from mode 3 in the 4 series 3 parallel state to mode 6 in the 6 series 2 parallel state. FIG. 32 corresponds to mode 3 and FIG. 37 corresponds to mode 4 in the same manner as in FIGS. 18 and 19, but in addition, in the middle of switching between mode 3 and mode 4 Connection states and current paths are shown in FIGS. The state in the middle of switching shown in FIGS. 34 to 36 is hereinafter referred to as modes 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. FIG. 33 shows the state of each switch in mode 3, modes 3-1 to 3-3, and mode 4.

  At the time of discharging, first, in mode 3 (FIG. 32), Q1, Q3, Q5 and Q6, Q8, Q10 are turned on, and the power supply units 5 and 6 are in a 2-serial 3-parallel connection state, respectively. Yes. Furthermore, since Q13 is turned on, the power supply units 5 and 6 are connected in series, and the power supply system 2 constitutes a 4-series / 3-parallel connection state as a whole.

  From this state, Q6, Q8, and Q10 are first turned off to switch the connection state to mode 3-1 shown in FIG. At this time, since the current flowing through Q6, Q8, and Q10 quickly moves to D6, D8, and D10, the output is not interrupted even during the dead time period.

  Next, by turning on Q7 and Q9 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 3-2 in FIG. In mode 3-2, the power supply system 2 as a whole has a 5-series configuration in which a power supply unit 5 having a 2 series and 3 parallel configuration and a power supply unit 6 switched to a 3 series and 2 parallel configuration are connected in series. Yes. Therefore, in mode 3-2, a voltage corresponding to five capacitors is output.

  Next, by turning off Q1, Q3, and Q5 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 3-3 in FIG. Since the current flowing through Q1, Q3, and Q5 quickly changes to D1, D3, and D5, there is no instantaneous output interruption.

  Next, by turning on Q2 and Q4 from this state, the connection state shifts to mode 4 in FIG. The current flowing through D1, D3, and D5 immediately moves to Q2 and Q4, and the power supply unit 5 is switched to the 3 series 2 parallel configuration. At this time, since both power supply units 5 and 6 have a 3 series 2 parallel configuration, the entire system has a 6 series 2 parallel configuration.

  The specific switching order from 4 series 3 parallel to 6 series 2 parallel in the above description is merely an example of a sequence. It is also possible to switch the connection state by controlling each switch at a timing different from the above. In the above example, the connection state of the power supply unit 6 is first switched from 2 series 3 parallel to 3 series 2 parallel, and then the connection state of the power supply unit 5 is switched from 3 series 2 parallel to 2 series 3 parallel. The sequence was adopted. However, for example, the power supply unit 5 may be switched to the 3 series 2 parallel state first, and then the power supply unit 6 may be switched to the 3 series 2 parallel state.

  In the sequence specifically described above, first, one of the power supply units 5 and 6 is switched to 3 in series and 2 in parallel, so that the power supply unit goes through 5 parallel connection states. This is effective in preventing a significant change in the output voltage, but since the connection state passes through different states between the power supply units, the capacitor voltage may vary when switching is delayed. Therefore, by switching the power supply units 5 and 6 from 2 series 3 parallel to 3 series 2 parallel at the same time, a sequence of switching from 4 series 3 parallel to 6 series 2 parallel without going through an intermediate state is also effective. is there.

  The power supply system of the sixth embodiment can operate on the same principle during charging. During the discharge, during the period when all the switches Q11 to Q13 are turned off (in the periods of modes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3), the discharge current is prevented from being interrupted by D11 and D12. When switching the corresponding switches Q11 to Q13 during charging, the charging current is prevented from being interrupted by D13. The power supply units 5 and 6 have been described as being the power supply unit in the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 12 in particular. However, as in the fourth embodiment, the power supply unit is shown in FIG. Even if the power supply unit of Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention indicated by 10 is appropriately provided with a diode, the power supply system 2 can operate on the same principle.

  The power supply device according to the present invention can be used to supply power to any device that operates on electric power. For example, in order to start a heavy moving body such as a bus or truck, it is necessary to supply a large amount of power instantaneously. However, a battery through a chemical reaction can sufficiently meet such a demand. I can't. On the other hand, since the power supply unit according to the present invention can be constituted by a capacitor capable of instantaneous charge and discharge, it can be used for such applications. In particular, if the power supply system according to the present invention is combined with a conventional diesel engine or the like, a large vehicle with low fuel consumption and low pollution can be expected.

1 power supply unit 2 power supply system 3 first terminal 4 second terminals 5 to 6 power supply unit 7 first terminal 8 second terminal

Claims (19)

A first power storage module group, a second power storage module group, and a third power storage module group, each of which is composed of 2n (n is an integer of 1 or more) power storage modules having the same capacity;
A first switch group,
A first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series; a second power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series; And a three parallel connection state in which a third power storage module array in which all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series is connected in parallel,
A fourth power storage module array in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group and n power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series; and the second power storage module group The remaining n power storage modules different from the n power storage modules included, and the fifth power storage module row in which all the power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series are connected in parallel. Two parallel connection states,
A first switch group for switching between,
With
Power storage module power supply unit. A first power storage module group composed of one or more power storage modules, a second power storage module group composed of two or more power storage modules, and a third power storage module group composed of one or more power storage modules;
A first switch group,
A first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series; a second power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series; And a three parallel connection state in which a third power storage module array in which all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series is connected in parallel,
A fourth power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group and one or more power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series; and the second power storage module group A remaining one or more power storage modules different from the one or more power storage modules and a fifth power storage module array in which all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series are connected in parallel Two parallel connection states,
A first switch group for switching between,
With
Power storage module power supply unit.   Capacity of all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group, capacity of all power storage modules included in the second power storage module group, capacity of all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 2, wherein   The number of power storage modules included in the first power storage module row, the number of power storage modules included in the second power storage module row, and the number of power storage modules included in the third power storage module row are equal to each other. The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 2 or 3.   5. The number of power storage modules included in the fourth power storage module row is equal to the number of power storage modules included in the fifth power storage module row, according to claim 2. Power storage module power supply unit. First to sixth power storage modules;
A first switch group,
A first power storage module row in which the first power storage module and the second power storage module are connected in series; a second power storage module row in which the third power storage module and the fourth power storage module are connected in series; and A third parallel connection state in which a third power storage module row in which a fifth power storage module and the sixth power storage module are connected in series is connected in parallel;
A fourth power storage module array in which the first power storage module, the second power storage module, and the third power storage module are connected in series; and the fourth power storage module, the fifth power storage module, and the sixth power storage module. Two parallel connection states in which the fifth power storage module row connected in series is connected in parallel;
A first switch group for switching between,
A power storage module power supply unit in which the second power storage module and the fourth power storage module, and the third power storage module and the fifth power storage module are respectively connected in parallel,
In the three parallel connection state,
A combined capacity of a circuit including the first power storage module, the third power storage module, and the fifth power storage module;
A combined capacity of a circuit including the second power storage module, the fourth power storage module, and the sixth power storage module;
Are equal,
In the two parallel connection state,
A combined capacity of a circuit including the first power storage module, the sixth power storage module, and
A combined capacity of a circuit including the second power storage module, the fourth power storage module, and
A combined capacity of a circuit including the third power storage module, the fifth power storage module, and
A power storage module power supply unit characterized in that   The power supply module unit according to claim 6, wherein each of the first to sixth power storage modules is a power storage module in which one or more power storage elements having the same capacity are connected in series. A first rectifier comprising one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel to a switch included in the first switch group, the switch being turned on in the three parallel connection state and turned off in the two parallel connection state A group of elements;
A second rectifier comprising one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel to a switch included in the first switch group, the switch being turned off in the three parallel connection state and turned on in the two parallel connection state; A group of elements;
The power storage module power supply unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising at least one of them.   The first rectifying element group includes both a first rectifying element group and the second rectifying element group, and the first rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off a discharge current, and the second rectifying element group receives a charging current. The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 8, comprising a rectifying element configured not to be cut off. A first power storage module group composed of n power storage modules having the same capacity (n is an integer of 1 or more);
A second power storage module group configured by 2n power storage modules having twice the capacity of each power storage module included in the first power storage module group;
A third power storage module group composed of n power storage modules having the same capacity as the power storage modules included in the first power storage module group;
A first switch group,
A first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series and a second power storage module row in which n power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. And a third parallel storage module in which the remaining n storage modules different from the n storage modules included in the second storage module group are connected in series. Of two parallel circuits in which a column and a second parallel circuit in which a fourth power storage module column in which all power storage modules included in the third power storage module group are connected in series are connected in parallel are connected In series connection state,
The second power storage module row, the third power storage module row, the third power storage module row, and the third power storage module row are connected in series. A series connection state of the parallel circuit and the two storage module rows;
A first switch group for switching between,
With
Power storage module power supply unit. A first power storage module group comprising one or more power storage modules;
A second power storage module group comprising two or more power storage modules;
A third power storage module group comprising one or more power storage modules;
A first switch group,
A first power storage module row in which all power storage modules included in the first power storage module group are connected in series and a second power storage module row in which one or more power storage modules included in the second power storage module group are connected in series. A first storage circuit connected in parallel, and a third storage module array in which the remaining storage modules different from the one or more storage modules included in the second storage module group are connected in series, A series connection of two parallel circuits in which a fourth storage module array in which all the storage modules included in the third storage module group are connected in series and a second parallel circuit in which they are connected in parallel are connected in series State and
The second power storage module row, the third power storage module row, the third power storage module row, and the third power storage module row are connected in series. A series connection state of the parallel circuit and the two storage module rows;
A first switch group for switching between,
With
Power storage module power supply unit. In the serial connection state of the two parallel circuits, the combined capacity of the first parallel circuit is equal to the combined capacity of the second parallel circuit,
In a serial connection state of the one parallel circuit and the two storage module rows, a combined capacity of the storage modules included in the second storage module row, a combined capacity of the third parallel circuit, and the third storage module row The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 11, wherein a combined capacity of the power storage modules included in the power storage module is equal.   All the storage modules included in the first storage module row have the same capacity, all the storage modules included in the second storage module row have the same capacity, and all the storage modules included in the third storage module row have the same capacity. The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the capacities of the power storage modules included in the fourth power storage module row are all equal.   The number of power storage modules included in the first power storage module row, the number of power storage modules included in the second power storage module row, the number of power storage modules included in the third power storage module row, and the fourth power storage module 14. The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 11, wherein the number of power storage modules included in the column is equal. A switch included in the first switch group, wherein the switch is turned on in a series connection state of the two parallel circuits and turned off in a series connection state of the one parallel circuit and two storage module rows. A first rectifying element group comprising one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel;
A switch included in the first switch group, wherein the switch is turned off in a series connection state of the two parallel circuits and turned on in a series connection state of the one parallel circuit and two storage module rows. A second rectifying element group composed of one or more rectifying elements connected in parallel;
The power storage module power supply unit according to any one of claims 10 to 14, further comprising at least one of them.   The first rectifying element group includes both a first rectifying element group and the second rectifying element group, and the first rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off a discharge current, and the second rectifying element group receives a charging current. The power storage module power supply unit according to claim 15, comprising a rectifying element configured not to be cut off. A first power storage unit and a second power storage unit, which are the power storage module power supply unit according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
The first power storage unit and the second power storage unit are connected in series, and the two power storage units are connected in series, and the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit are connected in parallel. A second switch group for switching between parallel connection states of the energy storage units;
With
Power storage module power supply system. One or more switches that are included in the second switch group and that are connected in parallel to a switch that is turned off in a serial connection state of the two power storage units and turned on in a parallel connection state of the two power storage units A third rectifying element group consisting of rectifying elements of
One or more switches that are included in the second switch group and that are connected in parallel to a switch that is turned on when the two power storage units are connected in series and turned off when the two power storage units are connected in parallel A fourth rectifying element group consisting of rectifying elements of
The power storage module power supply system according to claim 17, further comprising at least one of them.   The third rectifying element group includes both a third rectifying element group and the fourth rectifying element group, and the third rectifying element group includes a rectifying element configured not to cut off a discharge current, and the fourth rectifying element group receives a charging current. The power storage module power supply system according to claim 18, comprising a rectifying element configured not to be cut off.

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