JP2011107057A - Wind direction/wind velocity sensor - Google Patents
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本発明は、風向き及び風速センサ技術に関する。 The present invention relates to wind direction and wind speed sensor technology.
空調機を制御する環境で用いる風向・風速センサにおいて、空調装置毎、あるいは、サーバラック毎に風向・風速センサを配置するような大規模センシングシステムでは、個々のセンサは、小型化、低コスト化、および省電力化が必須となる。 In a large-scale sensing system in which a wind direction / wind speed sensor used in an environment for controlling an air conditioner is arranged for each air conditioner or server rack, each sensor is reduced in size and cost. And power saving is essential.
一般に風向と風速を計測できるセンサは、風杯型（あるいは風車型）の風速センサと風見鶏型の風向センサを組み合わせた方式がほとんどで、上記方式では小型化、低コスト化に限界がある。 In general, most of the sensors that can measure the wind direction and the wind speed are a combination of a wind cup type (or windmill type) wind speed sensor and a windcock type wind direction sensor, and the above methods have limitations in downsizing and cost reduction.
また、別の方式として、超音波を使用した風向・風速センサもあるが、この方式の場合、小型化は可能であるがコストが非常に高価となる。 As another method, there is a wind direction / velocity sensor using ultrasonic waves. In this method, the size can be reduced, but the cost is very high.
上述したセンサは、小規模（少数）の使用、あるいは、十分にスペースのある広い環境での使用においては大きな問題とならないが、今後発展が予想される大量のセンサを使用する大規模センシングシステムや、サーバラックなど、限られた空間内の詳細な気流を計測するセンシングシステムには不向きである。 The above-mentioned sensors are not a big problem in small-scale (small number) use or in a large environment with sufficient space, but large-scale sensing systems that use a large number of sensors that are expected to develop in the future. It is not suitable for a sensing system that measures detailed airflow in a limited space such as a server rack.
これに対し、サーミスタ（温度依存型抵抗素子）による風速センサと温度センサを一つの管の中に直線的に設置し、風向・風速を計測する方法が提案されている。 On the other hand, a method of measuring a wind direction and a wind speed by linearly installing a wind speed sensor and a temperature sensor by a thermistor (temperature dependent resistance element) in one pipe has been proposed.
しかしながら、図１１に示すように、風速センサと温度センサをすべてサーミスタで構成した場合、最低でも３つのサーミスタを必要とするためコスト高となる。また、温度センサ（図中、７ａ、７ｂ）において、熱せられた風の流れを検知するには、サーミスタによる大きな発熱量を必要とし、電力が増大する。さらに、サーミスタの上流側に配置された温度センサがサーミスタに流れてくる気流を乱すため、風速の計測精度が低下する、などの問題を抱える。 However, as shown in FIG. 11, when all the wind speed sensors and temperature sensors are thermistors, at least three thermistors are required, resulting in high costs. Moreover, in order to detect the flow of the heated wind in the temperature sensor (7a, 7b in the figure), a large amount of heat generated by the thermistor is required, and the power increases. Furthermore, since the temperature sensor arranged on the upstream side of the thermistor disturbs the airflow flowing to the thermistor, there is a problem that the measurement accuracy of the wind speed is lowered.
発明の一つの態様は、管内に配置し流入する風に乱流を生じさせる乱流発生構造体と、前記菅内においてその軸方向に前記乱流発生構造体を挟むように配置した複数のサーミスタと、前記複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を測定する測定回路と、前記複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を比較し、前記乱流発生構造体を挟んで、当該抵抗値が大きくなるサーミスタ側を上流側として風向きを判定する風向判定手段とを有することを特徴とする風向・風速センサに関する。 One aspect of the invention includes a turbulent flow generating structure that is arranged in a pipe and generates turbulent flow in an incoming wind, and a plurality of thermistors that are arranged so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generating structure in the axial direction in the cage. The resistance value of each of the plurality of thermistors is compared with the measurement circuit that measures the resistance values of the plurality of thermistors, and the thermistor side where the resistance value increases is sandwiched upstream of the turbulent flow generation structure. The present invention relates to a wind direction / velocity sensor having a wind direction determination unit for determining a wind direction as a side.
また、発明の別な態様は、互いに交わる方向に延在する複数の配管を連結した連結管の結合部に設置された乱流発生構造体と、前記乱流発生構造体を挟むように各方向の配管内に配置した複数のサーミスタと、前記各方向の配管内の複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を測定する測定回路と、前記各方向の配管内において、前記乱流発生構造体を挟んで、前記抵抗値が大きい方のサーミスタ側を上流側として各配管の風速を求め、該各配管の風速を基にベクトル計算することによって前記連結管の風向と風速を算出する手段を有することを特徴とする風向・風速センサに関する。 In another aspect of the invention, a turbulent flow generating structure installed at a connecting portion of a connecting pipe connecting a plurality of pipes extending in directions intersecting each other, and each direction so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generating structure A plurality of thermistors arranged in the pipe, a measuring circuit for measuring the resistance values of the thermistors in the pipes in the respective directions, and the turbulent flow generation structure in the pipes in the respective directions. And a means for calculating a wind speed and a wind speed of the connecting pipe by calculating a wind speed of each pipe with the thermistor side having a larger resistance value as an upstream side and calculating a vector based on the wind speed of each pipe. It relates to the wind direction and wind speed sensor.
上記本発明の一態様によれば、１つの軸に対し、最低２つのサーミスタを使用するだけで、風向きを計測することができ、小型化が可能となる。 According to the above aspect of the present invention, the wind direction can be measured and the size can be reduced only by using at least two thermistors for one axis.
以下、本発明の風向・風速センサの実施形態につき、図面に基づいて説明する。以下では、２つの実施例を取り上げ、実施例１として、一軸の円筒状管内に２つのサーミスタを設けた場合のセンサ例を、また、実施例２として、二軸の直交する十字管内に４つのサーミスタを設けたセンサ例を説明する。 DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a wind direction / wind speed sensor of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following, two examples are taken, and as Example 1, an example of a sensor when two thermistors are provided in a uniaxial cylindrical tube, and as Example 2, four sensors are arranged in a biaxial orthogonal cross tube. An example of a sensor provided with a thermistor will be described.
（実施例１）
以下の実施例１では、一軸の円筒状管内に２つのサーミスタを配置した風向・風速センサの例を説明する。
Example 1
In Example 1 below, an example of a wind direction / wind speed sensor in which two thermistors are arranged in a uniaxial cylindrical tube will be described.
図１は、本発明の実施の形態になる風向・風速センサの一基本構成を示す。風向・風速センサは、一軸の円筒状の管４内の中央に設置され、管４に取り込んだ気流を乱流とする乱流発生構造体３、および該乱流発生構造体３を挟んで前後に配置された２つサーミスタ（１、２）を有する。 FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a wind direction / velocity sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wind direction / velocity sensor is installed in the center of the uniaxial cylindrical tube 4, and the turbulent flow generating structure 3 that makes the airflow taken in the tube 4 turbulent, and the front and rear of the turbulent flow generating structure 3 Have two thermistors (1, 2).
さらに、電流を投入し自己加熱状態としたサーミスタが気流に晒されたときに変化する抵抗値を電圧（Ｖ１、Ｖ２）として測定する測定回路５、２つのサーミスタから検出された電圧Ｖ１とＶ２を比較（すなわち、サーミスタ抵抗値の変化量を比較）して風向を判定する風向判定手段６、および風向判定手段６によって上流側と判定されたサーミスタにおいて、電圧を風速に変換する変換テーブル１００に基づいて風速を算出する風速算出手段７を有する。 Furthermore, the resistance V which changes when the thermistor which supplied the electric current and was made into the self-heating state is exposed to an airflow is measured as voltage (V1, V2), and the voltages V1 and V2 detected from the two thermistors are measured. Based on the conversion table 100 that converts the voltage into the wind speed in the wind direction determining means 6 that determines the wind direction by comparing (that is, comparing the amount of change in the thermistor resistance value) and the thermistor determined to be upstream by the wind direction determining means 6. Wind speed calculating means 7 for calculating the wind speed.
本発明の風向・風速センサは、抵抗値の変化量の大きい方のサーミスタの風速をセンサの風速計測値とすることを特徴とする。 The wind direction / wind speed sensor according to the present invention is characterized in that the wind speed of the thermistor having the larger change amount of the resistance value is used as a wind speed measurement value of the sensor.
測定回路５については、とくに制限は無く、例えば、サーミスタに数ｍＡ程度の電流を流し、２つのサーミスタの抵抗値の変化を電圧として計測する回路を用意し、必要に応じてオペアンプを用いたゲイン調整を行い、ＡＤＣ（Analog-Digital Converter）回路などを用いてデジタル信号として取り出すことが可能である。 The measurement circuit 5 is not particularly limited. For example, a circuit that measures a change in resistance value of two thermistors as a voltage by passing a current of about several mA through the thermistor is prepared. It is possible to perform adjustment and take out as a digital signal using an ADC (Analog-Digital Converter) circuit or the like.
上述したように、本発明の風向・風速センサでは、１つの軸管に対し、最低２つのサーミスタを使用するだけで、風向と風速を計測することができ、従来方式に比べ、小型化、低コスト化が可能となる。 As described above, the wind direction / wind speed sensor of the present invention can measure the wind direction and the wind speed by using at least two thermistors for one axial tube, and is smaller and lower in size than the conventional method. Cost can be reduced.
また、サーミスタの熱を他のセンサに伝える必要がないため、サーミスタ自身が検知できる程度の熱量を発生させるだけでよく、消費電力が抑制できる。 Further, since it is not necessary to transmit the heat of the thermistor to other sensors, it is only necessary to generate an amount of heat that can be detected by the thermistor itself, and power consumption can be suppressed.
さらに、風速計測に使う上流側サーミスタの上流には気流を妨げるものがないため、高精度に風速を計測できる。 Furthermore, since there is nothing to block the airflow upstream of the upstream thermistor used for wind speed measurement, the wind speed can be measured with high accuracy.
図２は、本発明の実施の形態になる風向・風速センサによる計測の仕組みを説明する図である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a measurement mechanism using a wind direction / velocity sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
サーミスタの温度抵抗特性としては、例えば、以下の式１（Steinhart-Hart式）に示すような関係があり、上記の加熱状態において、管４内に風が流入した場合、流入側のサーミスタは整流の風により冷却されるため、放熱量が大きく、サーミスタ抵抗値が大きく増加する。逆に、流出側のサーミスタは乱流発生構造体により乱された乱流の風により冷却されるため、放熱量が小さく、サーミスタ抵抗値の増加量が小さくなる。 As the temperature resistance characteristics of the thermistor, for example, there is a relationship as shown in the following equation 1 (Steinhart-Hart equation). When the wind flows into the tube 4 in the above heating state, the inflow thermistor rectifies Therefore, the amount of heat radiation is large and the thermistor resistance value is greatly increased. On the contrary, since the thermistor on the outflow side is cooled by the turbulent wind disturbed by the turbulent flow generating structure, the heat dissipation amount is small and the increase in the thermistor resistance value is small.
図２のように、管４内に乱流発生構造体３を挟んで配置された２つの風速計測用サーミスタ（自己加熱）を備えた風向・風速センサの右側から風が流入した場合に、流入側のサーミスタ２の抵抗値は、整流された風によって冷却され増大し、流出側のサーミスタ１の抵抗値は、乱流発生構造体３を通過した乱流の風で増加量が小さくなる。 As shown in FIG. 2, when the wind flows from the right side of the wind direction / wind speed sensor provided with two thermistors for wind speed measurement (self-heating) arranged with the turbulent flow generation structure 3 sandwiched in the pipe 4, The resistance value of the thermistor 2 on the side is cooled and increased by the rectified wind, and the amount of increase in the resistance value of the thermistor 1 on the outflow side is reduced by the turbulent wind passing through the turbulent flow generation structure 3.
上記２つのサーミスタ（１、２）の抵抗値（Ｒ１、Ｒ２）を電圧（Ｖ１、Ｖ２）に変換した上で比較し、抵抗値（電圧）の大きいサーミスタ側を上流として風向を判定する。 The resistance values (R1, R2) of the two thermistors (1, 2) are converted into voltages (V1, V2) and compared, and the wind direction is determined with the thermistor side having a large resistance value (voltage) as the upstream.
また、上流側のサーミスタの抵抗値（電圧）から風速を算出する。上流側のサーミスタを使用することによって、風が乱されることなく風速を計測することが可能となる。 Also, the wind speed is calculated from the resistance value (voltage) of the upstream thermistor. By using the upstream thermistor, the wind speed can be measured without being disturbed by the wind.
なお、風向・風速センサの２つのサーミスタは、図に示すように、測定対象気流に対して垂直に配置することが好ましい。 In addition, it is preferable to arrange | position two thermistors of a wind direction and a wind speed sensor perpendicularly | vertically with respect to measurement object airflow, as shown in a figure.
以上述べたように、本風向・風速センサは、管の一方から風が流入した場合、風による放熱でサーミスタ抵抗値が増大するが、流入側のサーミスタは整流の風による冷却で抵抗値が大きく増大するのに対し、流出側のサーミスタは乱流の風となり風速が低下するため冷却作用が弱まり抵抗値の増大量が小さくなる仕組みを利用するものである。 As described above, when the wind flows from one side of the pipe, the thermistor resistance value increases due to heat dissipation by the wind, but the resistance value of the thermistor on the inflow side increases due to cooling by the rectified wind. On the other hand, the thermistor on the outflow side becomes a turbulent wind, and the wind speed is lowered, so that the cooling action is weakened and the mechanism of increasing the resistance value is reduced.
図３は、本発明の実施の形態になる乱流発生構造体の構造例を示す。図には、乱流を発生させる乱流発生構造体３の代表例として好適な構造として、メッシュ構造、パンチング（貫通孔）構造、およびグリル（スリット）構造を示している。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 FIG. 3 shows a structural example of a turbulent flow generation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a mesh structure, a punching (through hole) structure, and a grille (slit) structure are shown as typical structures of the turbulent flow generating structure 3 that generates turbulent flow. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
図４は、本発明の実施の形態になる風速の変換テーブルとして適用するサーミスタの計測電圧と風速の関係を表す図である。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the measurement voltage of the thermistor applied as the wind speed conversion table and the wind speed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
横軸は、測定回路５で検出されたサーミスタの電圧Ｖを示し、縦軸は実験的に得られた風速ｍ／ｓを示す。なお、グラフは、電圧−風速の特性イメージを表したものであり、個々のサーミスタに固有の曲線となる。また、測定回路や部品構成によっても異なった特性となる。 The horizontal axis represents the thermistor voltage V detected by the measurement circuit 5, and the vertical axis represents the experimentally obtained wind speed m / s. The graph represents a voltage-wind speed characteristic image and is a curve unique to each thermistor. In addition, the characteristics vary depending on the measurement circuit and component configuration.
図５は、本発明の実施の形態になる風向・風速センサの計測フローを示す。 FIG. 5 shows a measurement flow of the wind direction / velocity sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
まず、ステップＳ１１において、サーミスタ１、２に電流を流し、サーミスタを自己加熱状態とする。つぎに、ステップＳ１２、１３において、測定回路５によりサーミスタ１、２抵抗値Ｒ１、Ｒ２を電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２として計測する。 First, in step S11, a current is passed through the thermistors 1 and 2 to bring the thermistor into a self-heating state. Next, in steps S12 and S13, the measurement circuit 5 measures the thermistor 1, 2 resistance values R1, R2 as voltages V1, V2.
そして、ステップＳ１４において、風向判定手段６は、計測された電圧Ｖ１とＶ２を比較し、Ｖ１＞Ｖ２であれば、ステップＳ１５において、風向きをサーミスタ１側が上流にあると判定する。つぎに、ステップＳ１６において、風速算出手段７は、計測電圧Ｖ１と予め実験値をもとに作成された電圧−風速の変換テーブルを参照し、風速を算出する。 In step S14, the wind direction determining means 6 compares the measured voltages V1 and V2, and if V1> V2, the wind direction is determined in step S15 that the thermistor 1 side is upstream. Next, in step S16, the wind speed calculation means 7 refers to the voltage-wind speed conversion table created based on the measured voltage V1 and experimental values in advance, and calculates the wind speed.
また、Ｖ１＝Ｖ２であれば、ステップＳ１７において、無風と判定する。さらに、Ｖ１＜Ｖ２であれば、ステップＳ１９において、風向きをサーミスタ２側が上流にあると判定する。つぎに、ステップＳ２０において、風速算出手段７は、計測電圧Ｖ２と予め実験値をもとに作成された電圧−風速の変換テーブルを参照し、風速を算出する。 If V1 = V2, it is determined that there is no wind in step S17. Further, if V1 <V2, it is determined in step S19 that the wind direction is upstream of the thermistor 2 side. Next, in step S20, the wind speed calculation means 7 refers to the voltage-wind speed conversion table created based on the measured voltage V2 and experimental values in advance, and calculates the wind speed.
図６は、本発明の実施の形態になる複数のサーミスタによる風向・風速センサの構成例を示す図である。図６は、風向／風速計測用サーミスタは、２つに限らず複数個配置した例を示している。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a wind direction / wind speed sensor using a plurality of thermistors according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows an example in which a plurality of thermistors for wind direction / wind speed measurement are arranged, not limited to two.
サーミスタの抵抗値は、乱流発生構造体３によって区切られた領域ごとにそれぞれのサーミスタ群（１ａ、１ｂ）、（２ａ、２ｂ）の平均値として取得する構成としている。本構成によって、より高精度にサーミスタの抵抗値変化の検出が可能となる。 The resistance value of the thermistor is obtained as an average value of each of the thermistor groups (1a, 1b) and (2a, 2b) for each region partitioned by the turbulent flow generation structure 3. With this configuration, it is possible to detect the thermistor resistance value change with higher accuracy.
（実施例２）
以下の実施例２では、二軸の直交する十字管内に４つのサーミスタを配置した風向・風速センサの例を説明する。
(Example 2)
In Example 2 below, an example of a wind direction / wind speed sensor in which four thermistors are arranged in a biaxial orthogonal cross tube will be described.
図７は、本発明の実施の形態になる十字菅の中央に乱流発生構造体を配置させた風向・風速センサの構造例を示す。 FIG. 7 shows a structural example of a wind direction / velocity sensor in which a turbulent flow generating structure is arranged at the center of the crosshairs according to the embodiment of the present invention.
図に示すように、十字管構造の風向・風速センサは、Ｘ軸方向の管４とＹ軸方向の管４’を直交させた十字管の結合部（中央部側）に設置した４つの乱流発生構造体３と、各乱流発生構造体３と対向する十字管の各位置に配置させた４つのサーミスタ（１１、１２、２１、２２）を備える。 As shown in the drawing, the wind direction / wind speed sensor of the cross tube structure has four disturbances installed at the cross tube connecting portion (center side) in which the tube 4 'in the X-axis direction and the tube 4' in the Y-axis direction are orthogonal to each other. The flow generating structure 3 and four thermistors (11, 12, 21, 22) arranged at each position of the cross tube facing each turbulent flow generating structure 3 are provided.
また、Ｘ軸方向の管４におけるサーミスタ（１１、１２）およびＹ軸方向の管４’におけるサーミスタ（２１、２２）の抵抗変化をそれぞれ検出する測定回路５、５’と、各軸の管のサーミスタで検出される電圧から風向きを判定する風向判定手段６と、風向判定手段６によって上流側と判定された各軸の管のサーミスタにおいて、電圧を風速に変換する変換テーブル１００に基づいて風速を算出する風速算出手段７と、を有する。 Also, measurement circuits 5 and 5 ′ for detecting resistance changes of the thermistors (11 and 12) in the tube 4 in the X-axis direction and the thermistors (21 and 22) in the tube 4 ′ in the Y-axis direction, and the tubes of the respective axes In the wind direction determination means 6 for determining the wind direction from the voltage detected by the thermistor, and the thermistor of the tube of each axis determined to be upstream by the wind direction determination means 6, the wind speed is determined based on the conversion table 100 for converting the voltage into the wind speed. Wind speed calculating means 7 for calculating.
上記４つのサーミスタの抵抗比率から風向を判定し、各管において直線状に配置された２つのサーミスタの内、抵抗値の変化量の最も大きいサーミスタ２つの風速から風速計測値を算出することとなる。 The wind direction is determined from the resistance ratio of the above four thermistors, and the wind speed measurement value is calculated from the wind speeds of the two thermistors having the largest resistance value change out of the two thermistors arranged linearly in each pipe. .
図８は、本発明の実施の形態になる十字管に配置した風向・風速センサによる計測の仕組みを説明する図である。 FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a measurement mechanism by a wind direction / wind speed sensor arranged in the cross tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
図では、十字管の中央に乱流発生構造体３が設置され、各軸で上記乱流発生構造体３を挟むように風速計測用のサーミスタ１１、１２、２１、２２が配置された十字構造の風向・風速センサにおいて、斜め右上から風が管４、４‘のサーミスタ１２、２１側から流入する場合を示している。 In the figure, a cross structure in which a turbulent flow generating structure 3 is installed at the center of the cross pipe, and the thermistors 11, 12, 21, and 22 for measuring wind speed are arranged so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generating structure 3 on each axis. In the wind direction / wind speed sensor, the wind flows from the upper right side of the thermistors 12, 21 of the tubes 4, 4 '.
各軸において上記のサーミスタ抵抗値を電圧に変換した上で比較し、抵抗値（電圧）の大きいサーミスタ側を上流として、各軸の風速を算出する。 The above thermistor resistance values are converted into voltages for each axis and compared, and the wind speed of each axis is calculated with the thermistor side having a large resistance value (voltage) as the upstream.
その後、各軸の上流判定とその風速をもとに、最終的な風向、風速を算出する。 Then, the final wind direction and wind speed are calculated based on the upstream determination of each axis and the wind speed.
ここで、サーミスタ１、２の電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２の比較により得られた風速をＷ１、サーミスタ３、４の電圧Ｖ３、Ｖ４の比較により得られた風速をＷ２とすると、風向（角）：θ、風速：Ｗは、それぞれ以下の式で算出できる。 Here, when the wind speed obtained by comparing the voltages V1 and V2 of the thermistors 1 and 2 is W1, and the wind speed obtained by comparing the voltages V3 and V4 of the thermistors 3 and 4 is W2, the wind direction (angle): θ, Wind speed: W can be calculated by the following equations.
なお、風向／風速計測用サーミスタは、各軸に２つに限らず複数個ずつ設置して、乱流発生構造体で区切られた領域ごとの平均値を取得してもかまわない。 The wind direction / wind speed measuring thermistors are not limited to two on each axis, and a plurality of thermistors may be installed to obtain an average value for each region partitioned by the turbulent flow generating structure.
以上述べたように、２軸（あるいは３軸）に直交するように連結した管の結合部に乱流発生構造体を設置するとともに、各軸において、乱流発生構造体を挟むように対向する風速計測用サーミスタを配置し、各軸の対向するサーミスタ抵抗値を比較し、各軸で抵抗値の大きいサーミスタの抵抗値から各軸の風速を算出し、ベクトル計算により風向を判定することができる。 As described above, the turbulent flow generating structure is installed at the joint portion of the pipes connected so as to be orthogonal to two axes (or three axes), and the turbulent flow generating structure is opposed to each axis so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generating structure. Thermistors for wind speed measurement are arranged, the resistance values of the thermistors facing each axis are compared, the wind speed of each axis is calculated from the resistance value of the thermistor with a large resistance value on each axis, and the wind direction can be determined by vector calculation .
図９は、本発明の実施の形態になる十字管に配置した球状乱流発生構造体の例を示す。なお、十字管構造の風向・風速センサに適用する乱流発生構造体３については、図３に示したメッシュ構造、パンチング構造、グリル構造の構造体が同様に適用される。 FIG. 9 shows an example of a spherical turbulent flow generation structure arranged on the cross tube according to the embodiment of the present invention. The turbulent flow generating structure 3 applied to the cross-wind structure wind direction / velocity sensor is similarly applied to the mesh structure, punching structure, and grill structure shown in FIG.
また、十字管構造の風向・風速センサでは、乱流発生構造体は、例えば、上記メッシュ構造、パンチング構造、およびグリル構造の構造体を球状に形成したものでも良い。 In the cross direction wind direction / wind speed sensor, the turbulent flow generation structure may be, for example, a spherical structure of the mesh structure, the punching structure, and the grill structure.
図１０は、本発明の実施の形態になる十字管に配置した風向・風速センサによる計測フローを示す。 FIG. 10 shows a measurement flow by the wind direction / velocity sensor arranged on the cross tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
まず、ステップＳ２１において、サーミスタ１１、１２、２１、２２に電流を流し、サーミスタを自己加熱状態とする。つぎに、ステップＳ２２〜２５において、測定回路５によりサーミスタ１１、１２、２１、２２の抵抗値を電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２、Ｖ３、Ｖ４として計測する。 First, in step S21, a current is passed through the thermistors 11, 12, 21, and 22 to bring the thermistor into a self-heating state. Next, in steps S22 to S25, the measurement circuit 5 measures the resistance values of the thermistors 11, 12, 21, and 22 as voltages V1, V2, V3, and V4.
そして、ステップＳ２６において、風向判定手段６は、計測電圧Ｖ１とＶ２を比較し、Ｖ１≧Ｖ２であれば、風向きをサーミスタ１側が上流にあると判定し、ステップＳ２７において、風速算出手段７は、計測電圧Ｖ１と予め実験値をもとに作成された電圧−風速の変換テーブルを参照し、風速Ｗ１を算出する。 In step S26, the wind direction determining means 6 compares the measured voltages V1 and V2, and if V1 ≧ V2, the wind direction is determined to be upstream of the thermistor 1, and in step S27, the wind speed calculating means 7 The wind speed W1 is calculated with reference to the voltage-wind speed conversion table prepared based on the measured voltage V1 and the experimental value in advance.
また、Ｖ１＜Ｖ２であれば、風向きをサーミスタ２側が上流にあると判定し、ステップＳ２８において、風速算出手段７は、検出電圧Ｖ２と変換テーブルをもとに風速Ｗ１を算出する。 If V1 <V2, the wind direction is determined to be upstream of the thermistor 2, and in step S28, the wind speed calculating means 7 calculates the wind speed W1 based on the detected voltage V2 and the conversion table.
一方、ステップＳ２９において、風向判定手段６は、計測電圧Ｖ３とＶ４を比較し、Ｖ３≧Ｖ４であれば、風向きをサーミスタ３側が上流にあると判定し、ステップＳ３０において、風速算出手段７は、計測電圧Ｖ３と予変換テーブルをもとに風速Ｗ２を算出する。 On the other hand, in step S29, the wind direction determining means 6 compares the measured voltages V3 and V4, and if V3 ≧ V4, the wind direction is determined to be upstream of the thermistor 3, and in step S30, the wind speed calculating means 7 Wind speed W2 is calculated based on measurement voltage V3 and the pre-conversion table.
また、Ｖ３＜Ｖ４であれば、風向きをサーミスタ４側が上流にあると判定し、ステップＳ３１において、風速算出手段７は、検出電圧Ｖ２と変換テーブルをもとに風速Ｗ２を算出する。 If V3 <V4, it is determined that the wind direction is upstream of the thermistor 4 side. In step S31, the wind speed calculation means 7 calculates the wind speed W2 based on the detected voltage V2 and the conversion table.
つぎに、ステップＳ３２において、Ｘ方向の管４で得られた風速Ｗ１とＹ方向の管４’で得られた風速Ｗ２を用い、式２及び式３のベクトル計算によって風向角度と真の風速Ｗとを求める。本フローにより、十字管構造の風向・風速センサに４個のサーミスタを適用することで、風向と風速を正確に捉えることができ、従来の風杯型、風見鶏型の風向センサに比べ小型化が可能となる。 Next, in step S32, using the wind speed W1 obtained by the X-direction tube 4 and the wind speed W2 obtained by the Y-direction tube 4 ′, the wind direction angle and the true wind speed W are calculated by the vector calculation of Equations 2 and 3. And ask. With this flow, four thermistors are applied to the wind direction / wind speed sensor with a cross tube structure, so that the wind direction and wind speed can be accurately captured, which is smaller than conventional wind cup type and weathercock type wind direction sensors. It becomes possible.
以上、本発明により、（１）個々のサーミスタでは自己加熱の変化分だけを検出すればよいので、過度の加熱をする必要はなく消費電力が低減できる、（２）風速計測側の上流には気流を乱すものがないため、高精度に風速を計測できる、（３）乱流発生構造を管内に設置することで上流と下流の気流が大きく変わり、風向検知の判定制度が向上する等の効果を生じる。 As described above, according to the present invention, (1) since each individual thermistor only needs to detect a change in self-heating, it is not necessary to overheat, and power consumption can be reduced. (2) Upstream on the wind speed measurement side Since there is nothing that disturbs the airflow, the wind speed can be measured with high accuracy. (3) By installing the turbulent flow generation structure in the pipe, the upstream and downstream airflows change significantly and the wind direction detection judgment system improves. Produce.
このように、従来型に比べ、小型、低コスト、省電力の風向・風速センサを製造することが可能となり、数百〜数万個オーダーのセンサ数を必要とする大規模センシングシステムにおいて、大幅な省スペース化、コストダウンにつながる。 In this way, it is possible to manufacture wind direction / velocity sensors that are smaller, lower cost, and power-saving than conventional models, and are greatly improved in large-scale sensing systems that require hundreds to tens of thousands of sensors. Space saving and cost reduction.
とくに、特に逆流の防止等、対向方向のみの風向・風速を計測する場合には、サーミスタ２つだけの構成にすることで、さらなるコストダウンが可能になる。 In particular, when measuring the wind direction / wind speed only in the opposite direction, such as for preventing backflow, the cost can be further reduced by using only two thermistors.
工場、データセンタ、オフィス等、空調機を制御する環境で用いる風向・風速センサの分野。 The field of wind direction and speed sensors used in environments that control air conditioners, such as factories, data centers, and offices.
１、２ サーミスタ
３ 乱流発生構造体
４、４’ 管
５、５’ 測定回路
６ 風向判定手段
７ 風速算出手段
１１、１２、２１、２２ サーミスタ
１００ 変換テーブル
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Thermistor 3 Turbulence generating structure 4, 4 'pipe 5, 5' Measurement circuit 6 Wind direction determination means 7 Wind speed calculation means 11, 12, 21, 22 Thermistor 100 Conversion table
Claims (6)
前記菅内においてその軸方向に前記乱流発生構造体を挟むように配置した複数のサーミスタと、
前記複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を測定する測定回路と、
前記複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を比較し、前記乱流発生構造体を挟んで、当該抵抗値が大きくなるサーミスタ側を上流側として風向きを判定する風向判定手段とを有することを特徴とする風向・風速センサ。 A turbulent flow generating structure that is arranged in a pipe and generates turbulence in the incoming wind;
A plurality of thermistors arranged so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generating structure in the axial direction in the cage;
A measurement circuit for measuring a resistance value of each of the plurality of thermistors;
Wind resistance determination means for comparing the resistance values of each of the plurality of thermistors and determining the wind direction with the thermistor side having the increased resistance value as the upstream side across the turbulent flow generation structure. Wind direction / speed sensor.
前記乱流発生構造体を挟むように各方向の配管内に配置した複数のサーミスタと、
前記各方向の配管内の複数のサーミスタのそれぞれの抵抗値を測定する測定回路と、
前記各方向の配管内において、前記乱流発生構造体を挟んで、前記抵抗値が大きい方のサーミスタ側を上流側として各配管の風速を求め、該各配管の風速を基にベクトル計算することによって前記連結管の風向と風速を算出する手段を有することを特徴とする風向・風速センサ。 A turbulent flow generating structure installed at a connecting portion of a connecting pipe connecting a plurality of pipes extending in directions intersecting each other;
A plurality of thermistors arranged in the piping in each direction so as to sandwich the turbulent flow generation structure;
A measurement circuit for measuring the resistance value of each of the plurality of thermistors in the pipe in each direction;
In the pipe in each direction, the wind speed of each pipe is obtained with the turbulent flow generation structure sandwiched between the thermistor side having the larger resistance value as the upstream side, and vector calculation is performed based on the wind speed of each pipe. A wind direction / wind speed sensor comprising means for calculating a wind direction and a wind speed of the connecting pipe.
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| WO2013114528A1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | 富士通株式会社 | Air-conditioning system |
| JP2014013099A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | Local air conditioning system and control device of the same |
| CN106153980A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of low speed wind direction and wind velocity direct reading measurement instrument |
| CN106290975A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-01-04 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of low speed wind direction and wind velocity direct reading measurement instrument |
| CN108931663A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-04 | 深圳木瓦科技有限公司 | Sensor and the method for utilizing the sensor measurement wind speed and direction |
| CN112577200A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Wind speed measuring assembly, gas combustion equipment and control method of gas combustion equipment |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013114528A1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | 富士通株式会社 | Air-conditioning system |
| JPWO2013114528A1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-05-11 | 富士通株式会社 | Air conditioning system |
| JP2014013099A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | Local air conditioning system and control device of the same |
| CN106153980A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of low speed wind direction and wind velocity direct reading measurement instrument |
| CN106290975A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-01-04 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of low speed wind direction and wind velocity direct reading measurement instrument |
| CN108931663A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-04 | 深圳木瓦科技有限公司 | Sensor and the method for utilizing the sensor measurement wind speed and direction |
| CN112577200A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Wind speed measuring assembly, gas combustion equipment and control method of gas combustion equipment |
| CN112577199A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Water heating device |
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