JP2011106794A - Underground heat exchange system - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、地下水を利用した地中熱交換システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an underground heat exchange system using groundwater.
地下水を利用した地中熱交換システムとしては、例えば、不透水層に達する深さまで設けられた、対向する一対の地中連続壁の間に、熱交換を行う流体が循環されるパイプが敷設された地中熱交換システムが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような地中熱交換システムでは、対向する地中連続壁の地下水位より下の位置に、地下水の通水口と排水口とが設けられており、通水口から流入し排水口から流出する地下水がパイプの近傍を流れることにより熱交換が行われる。 As an underground heat exchange system using groundwater, for example, a pipe through which a fluid for heat exchange is circulated is installed between a pair of opposed underground continuous walls provided to a depth reaching the impermeable layer. An underground heat exchange system is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In such a geothermal heat exchange system, groundwater flow outlets and drainage outlets are provided at positions below the groundwater level of the opposing underground continuous wall, and groundwater flows into and out of the drainage openings. Heat exchange is performed by flowing in the vicinity of the pipe.
上記地中熱交換システムは、対向する地中連続壁の、地下水位より低い位置に地下水の通水口と排水口とが設けられており、通水口と排水口とが設けられている部位の間にパイプが設けられている。このため、パイプを敷設する際には、対向する地中連続壁の間を掘削する必要があるが、掘削する領域には通水口から地下水が流入するので、地下水が掘削作業の妨げとなり作業効率が悪いという課題がある。 The above ground heat exchange system is provided with ground water outlets and drain outlets at positions lower than the ground water level on the opposing underground continuous wall, and between the parts where the water inlets and drain outlets are provided. There is a pipe. For this reason, when laying pipes, it is necessary to excavate between opposing underground continuous walls. However, groundwater flows into the excavation area from the water entrance, which hinders excavation work and improves work efficiency. There is a problem that is bad.
本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、止水性が確保された地中連続壁を利用して効率良く熱交換を行うことが可能な地中熱交換システムを提供することにある。 This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, The place made into the objective is the underground heat exchange which can perform heat exchange efficiently using the underground continuous wall with which water stop was ensured. To provide a system.
かかる目的を達成するために本発明地中熱交換システムは、不透水層に達する地中連続壁と、前記地中連続壁に囲まれた領域が掘削されて形成された掘削空間の掘削底に敷設された熱交換パイプと、前記熱交換パイプが敷設された部位に前記不透水層より深い被圧帯水層の地下水を供給する供給管と、を有することを特徴とする地中熱交換システムである。
このような地中熱交換システムによれば、熱交換パイプは、不透水層に達する地中連続壁に囲まれた領域が掘削された掘削空間の掘削底に敷設されているので、熱交換パイプを敷設する際には、地中連続壁に囲まれた領域内は遮水されているので、容易に掘削して熱交換パイプを敷設することが可能である。
In order to achieve such an object, the underground heat exchange system of the present invention includes an underground continuous wall that reaches the impermeable layer, and an excavation bottom of an excavation space formed by excavating a region surrounded by the underground continuous wall. An underground heat exchange system, comprising: a heat exchange pipe laid; and a supply pipe that supplies groundwater of a confined aquifer deeper than the impermeable layer to a site where the heat exchange pipe is laid. It is.
According to such an underground heat exchange system, the heat exchange pipe is laid on the excavation bottom of the excavation space where the region surrounded by the underground continuous wall reaching the impermeable layer is excavated. Since the area surrounded by the underground continuous wall is shielded from water, it is possible to easily excavate and lay the heat exchange pipe.
また、不透水層より深い被圧帯水層の地下水が供給管により、熱交換パイプが敷設されている部位に供給されるので、供給された地下水にて効率がよい熱交換が行われる地中熱交換システムを提供することが可能である。 In addition, the groundwater of the confined aquifer deeper than the impermeable layer is supplied to the site where the heat exchange pipe is laid by the supply pipe. It is possible to provide a heat exchange system.
かかる地中熱交換システムであって、前記地中連続壁は、前記熱交換パイプと接続される装置が設けられた建物の地下躯体を構築する際に構築される山留壁であり、前記供給管は、前記被圧帯水層の圧力を減圧する減圧井戸の採水管であることが望ましい。
このような地中熱交換システムによれば、地下躯体を構築する際に構築された山留壁と被圧帯水層の圧力を減圧する減圧井戸の採水管とを利用することにより、地中熱交換システムのためだけに大がかりな工事を行うことなく効率の良い地中熱交換システムを構築することが可能である。このため、施工コストを抑えるとともに短い工期にて施工することが可能である。
In this underground heat exchange system, the underground continuous wall is a mountain wall constructed when constructing an underground frame of a building provided with a device connected to the heat exchange pipe, and the supply The pipe is preferably a vacuum well sampling pipe for reducing the pressure of the pressurized aquifer.
According to such a subsurface heat exchange system, by using the retaining wall constructed when constructing the underground frame and the water sampling pipe of the decompression well that depressurizes the pressure of the confined aquifer, It is possible to construct an efficient underground heat exchange system without carrying out extensive construction just for the heat exchange system. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the construction cost and perform construction in a short construction period.
本発明によれば、止水性が確保された地中連続壁を利用して効率良く熱交換を行うことが可能な地中熱交換システムを提供することが可能である。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is possible to provide the underground heat exchange system which can perform heat exchange efficiently using the underground continuous wall with which water stop was ensured.
以下、本発明に係る一実施形態について図を用いて詳細に説明する。
図１は、本実施形態に係る地中熱交換システムのモデル図である。
本実施形態の地中熱交換システム１は、例えば建物としてのビル３の空調装置に用いられる地中熱交換システム１であり、当該ビル３内に設けられた空調設備とビル３の地下躯体３ａの下に設けられた熱交換用の地下ピット１０と、空調設備と繋がって液体が循環される熱交換パイプ２０とを有している。
Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of the underground heat exchange system according to the present embodiment.
The geothermal heat exchange system 1 of the present embodiment is, for example, a geothermal heat exchange system 1 used in an air conditioner of a building 3 as a building. The air conditioning equipment provided in the building 3 and the underground frame 3a of the building 3 An underground pit 10 for heat exchange provided below and a heat exchange pipe 20 that is connected to the air conditioning equipment and circulates liquid.
空調設備は、ビル３内の各室に設けられたファンコイルユニット３０、ヒートポンプ３１、ファンコイルユニット３０とヒートポンプ３１とを接続する循環パイプ３２とを有している。
熱交換パイプ２０は、ポリエチレン等の樹脂製であり、ヒートポンプ３１を介して循環パイプ３２と接続されるとともに、地下ピット１０の底部となる基礎１２の下に埋設されている。
The air conditioning equipment includes a fan coil unit 30, a heat pump 31, and a circulation pipe 32 that connects the fan coil unit 30 and the heat pump 31 provided in each room in the building 3.
The heat exchange pipe 20 is made of a resin such as polyethylene, is connected to the circulation pipe 32 via the heat pump 31, and is embedded under the foundation 12 that becomes the bottom of the underground pit 10.
一方、循環パイプ３２側にはファンコイルユニット３０が設けられており、液体が循環する間にファンコイルユニット３０を通過するように構成されている。すなわち、熱交換パイプ２０と循環パイプ３２とは、内部を液体が循環可能に環状に接続されており、熱交換パイプ２０内を流れた液体がヒートポンプ３１を通って循環パイプ３２に流れ込み、循環パイプ３２の途中に設けられたファンコイルユニット３０内を通過してヒートポンプ３１に戻り、ヒートポンプ３１から再び熱交換パイプ２０へ流れて循環するように構成されている。 On the other hand, a fan coil unit 30 is provided on the circulation pipe 32 side, and is configured to pass through the fan coil unit 30 while the liquid circulates. That is, the heat exchange pipe 20 and the circulation pipe 32 are connected in an annular shape so that liquid can circulate therein, and the liquid that has flowed through the heat exchange pipe 20 flows into the circulation pipe 32 through the heat pump 31, and the circulation pipe. It passes through the inside of the fan coil unit 30 provided in the middle of 32, returns to the heat pump 31, and is configured to flow from the heat pump 31 to the heat exchange pipe 20 and circulate again.
地下ピット１０は、ビル３の地下躯体３ａを構築するために地盤Ｇが掘削される際に、掘削する掘削領域を囲むように構築される山留壁１１と、山留壁１１に囲まれた領域が所定深さまで掘削された掘削底１３の上面に形成された基礎１２とにより形成されている。 The underground pit 10 is surrounded by a mountain retaining wall 11 constructed so as to surround an excavation area to be excavated when the ground G is excavated to construct the underground frame 3 a of the building 3, and the mountain retaining wall 11. The region is formed by the foundation 12 formed on the upper surface of the excavation bottom 13 excavated to a predetermined depth.
山留壁１１は、例えばＳＭＷ工法により構築されたソイルセメントの地中連続壁であり、高い止水性を有している。この山留壁１１は、地盤Ｇのシルトや粘土などの不透水層７に達する深さまで構築されている。このため、地盤Ｇには山留壁１１と不透水層７とにより囲まれて、地下水を蓄積可能な領域が形成されている。 The mountain retaining wall 11 is a soil cement underground continuous wall constructed by, for example, the SMW method, and has a high water-stopping property. This mountain retaining wall 11 is constructed to a depth that reaches the impermeable layer 7 such as silt or clay of the ground G. For this reason, the ground G is surrounded by the mountain retaining wall 11 and the impermeable layer 7 to form an area where groundwater can be accumulated.
基礎１２は、山留壁１１に囲まれた領域において、不透水層７より浅い位置まで掘削された掘削底１３にコンクリートが打設されて形成されている。 The foundation 12 is formed by placing concrete on an excavation bottom 13 excavated to a position shallower than the impermeable layer 7 in an area surrounded by the mountain retaining wall 11.
ところで、不透水層７には、不透水層７より被圧帯水層８の地下水の圧力が作用している。このため、図２に示すように、掘削する掘削領域の掘削底１３が地下水位ＷＬより低い場合には、掘削領域を掘削して、不透水層７の上方から、掘削した土の重さが除去されると、不透水層７が上方に押圧されて掘削底１３が膨らむ虞がある。 By the way, the pressure of the groundwater of the pressurized aquifer 8 is acting on the impermeable layer 7 from the impermeable layer 7. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2, when the excavation bottom 13 of the excavation area to be excavated is lower than the groundwater level WL, the excavation area is excavated, and the weight of the excavated soil is increased from above the impermeable layer 7. If removed, the impermeable layer 7 may be pressed upward and the excavation bottom 13 may swell.
掘削底１３が地下水により膨らむことを防止するために、地盤Ｇを掘削する前に予めボーリング等を行い、地盤Ｇの地下水位ＷＬ及び不透水層７に作用する圧力を調査する。調査の結果、掘削により土を除去することにより掘削底１３が膨らむ虞がある場合には、減圧井戸を設けておく。本実施形態のように、掘削底１３が地下水位ＷＬより低い場合に、減圧井戸が設けられる。 In order to prevent the excavation bottom 13 from being swollen by groundwater, before excavating the ground G, drilling or the like is performed in advance, and the pressure acting on the groundwater level WL of the ground G and the impermeable layer 7 is investigated. As a result of the investigation, if there is a possibility that the excavation bottom 13 may swell by removing soil by excavation, a decompression well is provided. As in this embodiment, when the excavation bottom 13 is lower than the groundwater level WL, a decompression well is provided.
減圧井戸は、不透水層７の下の被圧帯水層８と地盤Ｇ上の空間又は掘削領域が掘削された掘削底１３上の空間とを連通し地下水を供給する供給管としての採水管１８を備えている。採水管１８は、掘削作業の前に、下端が被圧帯水層８に至るように、掘削する面積に応じて複数本埋設され、掘削作業は埋設した採水管１８にポンプ（不図示）及びバルブ１９を設けて地下水を排出しつつ進められていく。ここで、減圧井戸は、例えば、４００ｍ２に１本の割合で設けられている。 The decompression well communicates the pressured aquifer 8 under the impermeable layer 7 and the space on the ground G or the space on the excavation bottom 13 where the excavation area is excavated, and a sampling pipe as a supply pipe for supplying groundwater. 18 is provided. Prior to the excavation work, a plurality of water sampling pipes 18 are buried in accordance with the area to be excavated so that the lower end reaches the confined aquifer 8, and excavation work is pumped (not shown) and A valve 19 is provided to proceed while discharging groundwater. Here, for example, one decompression well is provided at a rate of 400 m 2 .
減圧井戸は、不透水層７の上部に、掘削にて除去した土の重さより重い重さが作用すると、実質的に不要となる。すなわち、山留壁１１にて囲まれた領域内に、地下躯体３ａ及びビル３が構築され、構築された地下躯体３ａ及びビル３の重さが、掘削にて除去した土の重さより重くなると不要となる。本発明においては、この採水管１８をそのまま残し、熱交換パイプ２０が埋設されている透水部１６への地下水の供給と不透水層７と透水部１６との熱の伝達経路として、ビル３が完成した後も使用する。 The decompression well becomes substantially unnecessary when a weight heavier than the soil removed by excavation acts on the upper portion of the impermeable layer 7. That is, when the underground frame 3a and the building 3 are constructed in the area surrounded by the mountain retaining wall 11, the weight of the constructed underground frame 3a and the building 3 becomes heavier than the weight of the soil removed by excavation. It becomes unnecessary. In the present invention, the water sampling pipe 18 is left as it is, and the building 3 is used as a heat transfer path between the water-permeable layer 7 and the water-permeable portion 16 for supplying groundwater to the water-permeable portion 16 in which the heat exchange pipe 20 is embedded. Use after completion.
具体的には、山留壁１１にて囲まれた領域内を掘削する際に、掘削底１３の上面側に、熱交換パイプ２０を配設可能な凹部１４を形成しておく。凹部１４内には、熱交換パイプ２０を敷設した後に、砕石を入れて透水部１６を形成し、熱交換パイプ２０を埋設する。その上に捨てコンクリートを打設し、その上に基礎１２を施工する。すなわち、熱交換パイプ２０は基礎１２下にて透水部１６内に埋設されている。 Specifically, when excavating the area surrounded by the mountain retaining wall 11, a recess 14 in which the heat exchange pipe 20 can be disposed is formed on the upper surface side of the excavation bottom 13. After the heat exchange pipe 20 is laid in the recess 14, crushed stone is put to form the water permeable part 16, and the heat exchange pipe 20 is buried. Abandoned concrete is cast on it, and the foundation 12 is constructed thereon. That is, the heat exchange pipe 20 is embedded in the water permeable part 16 under the foundation 12.
図３は、基礎下に設けられた熱交換パイプの配管の一例を示す平断面図である。
凹部１４は、例えば平面形状が矩形状をなし、熱交換パイプ２０の直径より十分に深い深さを有している。凹部１４内には、ビル３の空調装置として必要な長さを有する熱交換パイプ２０を、図３に示すように、所定方向に沿って配置すると共に、所定方向の端部にてＵ字状に屈曲させ、折り返された熱交換パイプ２０が折り返される前の熱交換パイプ２０とほぼ平行になるように順次配置しておく。
FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing an example of the piping of the heat exchange pipe provided under the foundation.
For example, the concave portion 14 has a rectangular planar shape and has a depth sufficiently deeper than the diameter of the heat exchange pipe 20. In the recess 14, a heat exchange pipe 20 having a length necessary as an air conditioner for the building 3 is arranged along a predetermined direction as shown in FIG. 3 and is U-shaped at an end in the predetermined direction. The heat exchange pipes 20 that are bent back and are sequentially arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the heat exchange pipe 20 before being turned back.
図４は、基礎下に設けられた熱交換パイプと採水管を説明するための図である。
図４に示すように、凹部１４内には、減圧井戸として使用した採水管１８の上部が、凹部１４内に地下水を供給できるように長さ及び向きが変更されて配置されている。このため、凹部１４内に不透水層７より下方の被圧帯水層８の地下水を導いて、凹部１４内に地下水を浸透させることにより、熱交換パイプ２０内を循環する液体と地下水との間にて熱交換が行われるように構成される。
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a heat exchange pipe and a water sampling pipe provided under the foundation.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the recess 14, the upper part of the water sampling pipe 18 used as a decompression well is arranged with its length and orientation changed so that groundwater can be supplied into the recess 14. For this reason, by introducing the groundwater of the confined aquifer 8 below the impermeable layer 7 into the recess 14 and infiltrating the groundwater into the recess 14, the liquid circulating in the heat exchange pipe 20 and the groundwater It is comprised so that heat exchange may be performed in between.
被圧帯水層８の地下水は、安定した地熱により、夏は外気より低く、冬は外気より高い温度を維持している。このため、熱交換パイプ２０が敷設された凹部１４に被圧帯水層８の地下水が浸透されることにより、単に基礎１２上に敷設された熱交換パイプ２０より効率良く熱交換が行われる。 The groundwater in the confined aquifer 8 is maintained at a temperature lower than the outside air in summer and higher than the outside air in winter due to stable geothermal heat. For this reason, the ground water of the pressurized aquifer 8 is infiltrated into the concave portion 14 in which the heat exchange pipe 20 is laid, so that heat exchange is performed more efficiently than the heat exchange pipe 20 simply laid on the foundation 12.
特に、本発明の地中熱交換システム１は、透水部１６と被圧帯水層８とを連通する採水管１８が設けられており、透水部１６内に浸透されている水と被圧帯水層８の地下水とが繋がっているので、透水部１６と被圧帯水層８との間でも熱交換が行われるため、透水部１６の水の温度変化も抑えられる。このため、熱交換パイプ２０が埋設されている、基礎１２下の温度を、夏は外気より低く、冬は外気より高い温度に維持させて、高い熱交換性能を維持させることが可能である。 In particular, the underground heat exchanging system 1 of the present invention is provided with a water sampling pipe 18 that allows the water permeable portion 16 and the pressurized aquifer 8 to communicate with each other. Since the groundwater of the water layer 8 is connected, heat exchange is also performed between the water permeable portion 16 and the pressurized aquifer 8, so that the temperature change of the water in the water permeable portion 16 is also suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to maintain high heat exchange performance by maintaining the temperature under the foundation 12 in which the heat exchange pipe 20 is embedded at a temperature lower than the outside air in summer and higher than the outside air in winter.
また、本発明の地中熱交換システム１は、ビル３等の建物を構築する際に地盤Ｇを掘削して形成された山留壁１１と、地下水の圧力により掘削底１３が膨れることを防止するために設けた減圧井戸に用いた採水管１８とを利用しているので、地中熱交換システム１だけのために、大がかりな工事を必要としない。このため、施工コストを抑えるとともに短い工期にて施工することが可能である。すなわち、工期を延ばすことなく熱交換効率の高い地中熱交換システム１を構築することが可能である。 In addition, the underground heat exchange system 1 of the present invention prevents the bottom wall 13 from being swollen by the pressure of the ground wall 11 and the mountain wall 11 formed by excavating the ground G when building a building 3 or the like. Since the water sampling pipe 18 used for the decompression well provided for this purpose is utilized, a large-scale construction is not required only for the underground heat exchange system 1. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the construction cost and perform construction in a short construction period. That is, it is possible to construct the underground heat exchange system 1 with high heat exchange efficiency without extending the construction period.
また、減圧井戸は、地上の建物が構築されて不透水層７に、掘削した土と同様の重量が作用するまで必要なものなので、一般的には、建物が完成した後には撤去されるものであるが、採水管１８を地中熱交換システム１としても使用するので、採水管１８を撤去する手間も省けるため、工期を短縮することが可能である。 In addition, the decompression well is necessary until the same weight as the excavated soil is applied to the impermeable layer 7 after the building on the ground is constructed, so it is generally removed after the building is completed. However, since the water sampling pipe 18 is also used as the underground heat exchange system 1, the labor for removing the water sampling pipe 18 can be saved, so that the construction period can be shortened.
上記実施形態は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定して解釈するためのものではない。本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に、本発明にはその等価物が含まれることはいうまでもない。 The above embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and it is needless to say that the present invention includes equivalents thereof.
１ 地中熱交換システム、３ ビル、３ａ 地下躯体、７ 不透水層、
８ 被圧帯水層、１０ 地下ピット、１１ 山留壁、１２ 基礎、１３ 掘削底、
１４ 凹部、１８ 採水管、１９ バルブ、２０ 熱交換パイプ、
３０ ファンコイルユニット、３１ ヒートポンプ、３２ 循環パイプ、
Ｇ 地盤、ＷＬ 地下水位
1 underground heat exchange system, 3 building, 3a underground building, 7 impermeable layer,
8 Underwater aquifer, 10 underground pit, 11 mountain retaining wall, 12 foundation, 13 excavated bottom,
14 recesses, 18 water sampling pipes, 19 valves, 20 heat exchange pipes,
30 fan coil unit, 31 heat pump, 32 circulation pipe,
G Ground, WL Groundwater level
Claims (2)
前記地中連続壁に囲まれた領域が掘削されて形成された掘削空間の掘削底に敷設された熱交換パイプと、
前記熱交換パイプが敷設された部位に前記不透水層より深い被圧帯水層の地下水を供給する供給管と、
を有することを特徴とする地中熱交換システム。 Underground continuous wall reaching the impermeable layer,
A heat exchange pipe laid on the excavation bottom of the excavation space formed by excavating the region surrounded by the underground continuous wall;
A supply pipe for supplying groundwater of a confined aquifer deeper than the impermeable layer to a site where the heat exchange pipe is laid;
An underground heat exchange system characterized by comprising:
前記地中連続壁は、前記熱交換パイプと接続される装置が設けられた建物の地下躯体を構築する際に構築される山留壁であり、
前記供給管は、前記被圧帯水層の圧力を減圧する減圧井戸の採水管であることを特徴とする地中熱交換システム。 The underground heat exchange system according to claim 1,
The underground continuous wall is a mountain retaining wall constructed when constructing a basement of a building provided with a device connected to the heat exchange pipe,
The underground heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein the supply pipe is a vacuum well sampling pipe for reducing the pressure of the pressurized aquifer.
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| JP2013185718A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-19 | Shimizu Corp | Heat pump system and control method for the same |
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