JP2011103621A - Remote control system, and light reception device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce influence of disturbance light, in a remote control system for remotely operating a controlled device using a control light ray, and a light reception device. <P>SOLUTION: The remote control system includes: a controlled device 1; a control light ray output device 5 outputting a control light ray CB including control information CI for remotely operating the control object device 1; and a light reception device 40 including a light reception part 20 for converting the control light ray CB to an electric signal ES when the control light ray CB has been received and a signal processing part 30 for extracting the control information to be transmitted to the controlled device, A plurality of photoelectric conversion parts 15 are arranged in the light reception part. The signal processing part 30 extracts the control information to be transmitted to the controlled device when at least one of the photoelectric conversion parts receives the control light ray. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a remote control system for remotely operating a device to be controlled with a control beam and a light receiving device for receiving the control beam.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a remote control system for remotely operating a control target device with a control beam, one using infrared rays as a control beam has been widely known. In this remote control system, since infrared rays cannot be seen by human eyes, for example, when controlling the same type of lighting fixtures installed on the ceiling, the infrared rays are also applied to lighting fixtures other than the specific lighting fixture to be controlled. May cause an undesirable lighting device to malfunction.

  Thus, for example (Patent Documents 1 to 3), a remote control system is proposed in which a control target apparatus is remotely operated using laser light in a visible light range visible to human eyes as a control light beam. Among these documents, (Patent Document 2) specifically describes the remote control of a television using laser light as a control beam, and (Patent Document 3) uses laser light as a control beam. It is specifically described to be used to remotely control a luminaire.

  Since the irradiation range (beam diameter) of the laser beam is small, using the laser beam as a control beam makes it difficult for the device other than the target device to irradiate the control beam, thereby suppressing malfunction of the device other than the device to be controlled. it can. In addition, since laser light has high directivity, long-distance remote operation is facilitated when used as a control beam. In order to separate disturbance light such as illumination light of a fluorescent lamp and control light, for example (Non-Patent Document 3), a high-pass filter is used from an electrical signal obtained by removing the disturbance light from incident light using a frequency filter. In other words, only necessary input signal components are extracted using a low-pass filter or the like.

JP-A-2-228138 JP-A-4-72996 Registered Utility Model No. 3025613

OMRON TECHNICS Vol. 43 No. 3 Volume 147 No. 2003

  However, when ambient light such as room illumination light or sunlight exists in the installation environment of the control target device, the disturbance light enters the light receiving unit for receiving the control light in addition to the control light for remote operation. Thus, there is a problem that the device to be controlled malfunctions or cannot be controlled.

  In the above (Patent Document 1), attempts have been made to remove disturbance light by providing a transmission color filter having a narrow wavelength band corresponding to the wavelength of the laser light on the light receiving surface side of the laser light. Is expensive and obstructs the reduction in thickness and weight of the light receiving section. Another problem is that the manufacturing process of the light receiving device is complicated. Furthermore, a color filter with a transmittance of 100% is unrealistic, and the laser light for remote operation is also cut to some extent by the color filter, so that the sensitivity of the light receiving unit is also lowered.

  Moreover, some disturbance lights, such as illumination light of a fluorescent lamp, can be removed from incident light using a frequency filter as described in (Non-Patent Document 1), and the incident light obtained by removing the disturbance light is used. Only necessary input signal components can be extracted from the electrical signal of the light by using a high-pass filter, low-pass filter, etc., but for each type of luminaire that causes disturbance light, such as glow start fluorescent lamps and inverter fluorescent lamps. However, there is a problem that a circuit design for removing the disturbance light is required. Furthermore, when the emitted light from sunlight or white light emitting diodes, which have been widely used as illumination lamps in recent years, is disturbance light, the disturbance light does not have frequency characteristics, and therefore there is a problem that the frequency filter cannot cope with it. is there.

In general, in an optical sensor that detects light, the illuminance is larger than the illuminance at the time of receiving disturbance light when irradiated with light having a narrow irradiation range such as laser light. Therefore, if the light receiving area of the light receiving unit in the remote control system is about the laser light irradiation range, for example, about 5 mm ² , the signal level when the control light is received and the signal when the disturbance light is received A threshold can be provided between the level and the influence of ambient light can be reduced.

  However, when a human has a laser light source and irradiates the light receiving unit of the control target device with the laser light from the laser light source, it is necessary to increase the area of the light receiving unit of the control target device to some extent. In particular, when the control target device is remotely operated from a long distance, for example, a distance of several tens of meters, if the area of the light receiving unit is small, it is difficult to irradiate the light receiving unit with laser light.

  For example, when a person holds a portable laser output device (laser pointer) in his hand and remotely controls the device to be controlled, the laser on the light receiving unit must be increased unless the area of the light receiving unit is increased according to the remote operation distance. Cannot irradiate with light pinpoint.

  On the other hand, if the area of the light receiving unit is too large, a threshold value cannot be provided between the signal level due to the disturbance light and the signal level due to the laser beam, which hinders the operation of the control target device.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system and a light receiving device that can easily detect a control light beam by reducing the influence of disturbance light when the control target device is remotely operated using the control light beam. is there.

  The remote control system of the present invention includes a control target device, a control light output device that can output control light including control information for remotely operating the control target device, and the control light when receiving the control light. A remote control system including a light receiving unit that converts an electric signal into an electric signal and a light receiving device that has a signal processing unit that extracts control information from the electric signal and sends the control information to a device to be controlled. The light receiving unit transmits light to the light receiving surface side. A plurality of photoelectric conversion units disposed on the back side of the light-transmissive electrode layer via the photoelectric conversion layer, and the signal processing unit includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units. This is a system in which control information is taken out and sent to a control target device when at least one receives a control beam.

  In addition, the light receiving device of the present invention includes a light receiving unit that converts a control beam into an electrical signal when receiving a control beam including control information for remotely operating the control target device, and extracts the control information from the electrical signal. A light-receiving device having a signal processing unit to be sent to a control target device, wherein the light-receiving unit has a light-transmitting electrode layer disposed on the light-receiving surface side and a photoelectric conversion layer on the back side of the light-transmitting electrode layer. The signal processing unit is a device that takes out control information when at least one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units receives a control beam and sends the control information to a control target device. is there.

  In the remote control system and the light receiving device according to the present invention, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units are formed in the light receiving unit. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the size and arrangement of the individual photoelectric conversion units, the light receiving region in the light receiving unit is widened. However, a threshold value can be provided between the electric signal level due to disturbance light and the electric signal level due to control light. For this reason, when the control target apparatus is remotely operated using the control light beam, it is easy to reduce the influence of disturbance light and to easily detect the control light beam.

Schematic showing an example of a remote control system of the present invention Schematic showing the light receiving device shown in FIG. Schematic of the cross section along the III-III line shown in FIG. Schematic diagram showing an enlarged view of the light receiving area shown in FIG. Schematic showing a specific configuration example of the signal processing unit shown in FIG. The graph which shows an example of the correspondence of the intensity | strength of the electric signal which arises in a photoelectric conversion part by each irradiation of disturbance light, and control light, and the area of a photoelectric conversion part FIG. 6 is a correlation diagram showing the magnitude relationship between the area of the control beam irradiation range and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit when the intensity of the electric signal and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit have a specific relationship in the correspondence shown in FIG. The graph which shows one specific example of the correspondence of the intensity | strength of the electric signal which arises in a photoelectric conversion part by irradiation of disturbance light and each control light beam, and the area of a photoelectric conversion part Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the distance between the photoelectric conversion units and whether or not control light can be received by the photoelectric conversion units Schematic for explaining the interval between photoelectric conversion parts Process drawing showing an example of manufacturing process of light receiving part in light receiving device Schematic which shows the other example of the remote control system of this invention Schematic which shows the further another example of the remote control system of this invention Sectional drawing which shows roughly an example of the light-receiving part where each photoelectric conversion part was covered with the sealing part

  Hereinafter, the basic concept and the configuration of each of the remote control system and the light receiving device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments. In addition, this invention is not limited to the form demonstrated below.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a remote control system of the present invention. The illustrated remote control system 50 is a system that uses an indoor lighting fixture as the control target device 1, and the remote control system 50 includes control information for remotely operating the control target device 1 in addition to the control target device 1. A control light beam output device 5 capable of outputting a control light beam CB including CI and a light receiving device 40 that extracts control information CI from the control light beam CB and outputs the control information CI to the control target device 1 are provided. In this remote control system 50, the person Hu operates the control light beam output device 5 to irradiate the light receiving device 40 with the control light beam CB, thereby remotely operating the control target device 1.

  When the control light beam CB is irradiated from the control light beam output device 5 to the light receiving device 40, the light receiving device 40 converts the control light beam CB into an electric signal, extracts control information CI from the electric signal, and sends it to the control target device 1. . When the control target device 1 is an indoor lighting fixture, the control information CI includes information related to control such as lighting, extinguishing, or dimming.

  It is possible to install a plurality of light receiving devices 40 so that the human Hu appropriately selects the light receiving devices 40 to be irradiated with the control light beam CB according to the control contents. When only one light receiving device 40 is installed, the control light beam output device 5 may be configured so that a plurality of types of control light beams CB including different control information CI can be emitted.

  In the remote control system 50 of FIG. 1, the light receiving device 40 is provided in the control target device 1, but the light receiving device 40 may be installed near or away from the control target device 1. Since the remote control system 50 is characterized by the configuration of the light receiving device 40, the configuration of the light receiving device 40 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS.

  2 is a schematic view showing the light receiving device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line III-III shown in FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view showing the light receiving region shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a specific configuration example of the signal processing unit shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the light receiving device 40 receives the control light beam CB from the control light beam output device 5, converts the control light beam CB into an electric signal ES, and the control signal CI from the electric signal ES. And a signal processing unit 30 that sends the information to the control target device 1.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the light receiving unit 20 is formed on a substrate 10 whose one side is a light receiving surface (hereinafter referred to as “transparent substrate 10”) and a surface opposite to the light receiving surface of the transparent substrate 10. The plurality of light transmissive electrode layers 11 and the plurality of back electrode layers 13 disposed on the transparent substrate 10 via the photoelectric conversion layer 12 so as to intersect each of the plurality of light transmissive electrode layers 11. And have. In the light receiving unit 20, the intersection of the light transmissive electrode layer 11 and the back electrode layer 13 becomes the photoelectric conversion unit 15 together with the photoelectric conversion layer 12 between the electrode layers 11 and 13.

  In the illustrated example, five light-transmitting electrode layers 11 are formed in parallel to each other to form a row electrode group RE (see FIG. 2), and five back electrodes are orthogonal to these light-transmitting electrode layers 11. The layers 13 are formed in parallel to each other to form a column electrode group CE (see FIG. 2), and a total of 25 photoelectric conversion units 15 are arranged in a matrix.

  Each light transmissive electrode layer 11 is connected to the signal processing unit 30 by a wiring 32, and each back electrode layer 13 is connected to the signal processing unit 30 by a wiring 34. The thickness of the light transmissive electrode layer 11, the photoelectric conversion layer 12, and the back electrode layer 13 is actually about several hundred nanometers to several nanometers, and the width of the light transmissive electrode layer 11 and the back electrode layer 13 is It is about several hundred micrometers to several hundred millimeters. A region where the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is formed in the light receiving unit 20 is hereinafter referred to as a light receiving region LR (see FIG. 2).

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the light receiving region LR, when the control light beam CB is irradiated from the control light beam output device 5, at least one photoelectric conversion unit 15 receives the control light beam CB while the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 15. , The interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent in the row direction, the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent in the column direction, and the size of each photoelectric conversion unit 15 are selected so that the control beam CB is not received. ing. In FIG. 4, a range IR irradiated with the control light beam CB (hereinafter referred to as “control light irradiation range IR”) is indicated by a solid circle.

  When the control light beam CB is irradiated to the light receiving region LR, the control light beam CB is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric conversion layer 12 in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 in the control light beam irradiation range IR. As shown in FIG. 2, the electrical signal ES is transmitted from the light transmissive electrode layer 11 to the signal processing unit 30 via the wiring 32 and from the back electrode layer 13 to the signal processing unit 30 via the wiring 34. . The signal processing unit 30 extracts the control information CI from these electric signals ES and sends the control information CI to the control target device 1. In the remote control system 50 (see FIG. 1), the control target device 1 is remotely operated by the control information CI. In FIG. 2, the light receiving unit 20 is seen through from the transparent substrate 10 side, and in FIG. 4, the light receiving region LR is seen through from the transparent substrate 10 (see FIG. 2) side.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the signal processing unit 30 includes an amplification unit and an IV (current-voltage) conversion unit 21, a polarity conversion unit 22, an AD (analog-digital) conversion circuit 23, an OR circuit 24, a logic The circuit 25 and the output circuit 26 can be used. In FIG. 5, illustration of various capacitors, resistors, power supply sources, and the like is omitted.

  The electrical signal generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 irradiated with the control light beam CB is sent to the signal processing unit 30 through the light transmissive electrode layer 11 and the back electrode layer 13 constituting the photoelectric conversion unit 15. The signal is amplified by the “amplifying unit and IV converting unit 21” in the signal processing unit 30 and converted into a current voltage to be an analog voltage signal.

  These analog voltage signals are converted to the AD conversion circuit 23 after the polarity of the analog voltage signal from one electrode layer (in the illustrated example, the analog voltage signal from the light-transmissive electrode layer 11) is converted by the polarity converter 22. The signal is converted into a digital signal by the AD conversion circuit 23 and sent to the OR circuit 24. Therefore, when one or more photoelectric conversion units 15 are irradiated with the control light beam CB, an output signal is obtained by the OR circuit 24.

  For example, the logic circuit 25 outputs an electric signal including control information for turning off the indoor lighting device when the indoor lighting device which is the control target device 1 (see FIG. 1) is turned on and turning on the indoor lighting device. It is configured to obtain from the output signal. Of course, the configuration of the logic circuit 25 is appropriately optimized according to the type of the control target device 1 and the control content.

  The electric signal obtained by the logic circuit 25 is sent to the output circuit 26, and is sent from the output circuit 26 to the control target device 1. The operation of the control target device 1 is controlled by the control information CI in the electric signal sent from the signal processing unit 30. As a result, the control target device 1 is remotely operated by the control light beam CB.

  In the light receiving device 40 (see FIG. 2) having the light receiving unit 20 and the signal processing unit 30 described above, since a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 15 (see FIG. 2) are formed in the light receiving unit 20, each photoelectric conversion unit By appropriately selecting the area 15 (area in plan view), it is easy to reduce the influence of disturbance light and to easily detect the control light beam CB. Hereinafter, the relationship between the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 and the influence of disturbance light will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between the intensity of an electric signal generated in the photoelectric conversion unit and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit by irradiation with disturbance light and control light. Since disturbance light is normally irradiated on the entire surface of the light receiving region LR (see FIG. 2) of the light receiving device 40, the photoelectric conversion unit 15 increases as the area of each photoelectric conversion unit 15 (see FIG. 2) increases. The amount of disturbance light incident on the beam increases. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the electrical signal (photocurrent) generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 by the irradiation of disturbance light becomes stronger in proportion to the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15.

On the other hand, the intensity of the electrical signal (photocurrent) generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 by the irradiation of the control light beam CB (see FIG. 2) is the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 and the control light beam irradiation range IR (see FIG. 3). It changes according to the size relationship with the area A _IR . That is, the above-described electrical signal becomes stronger in proportion to the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is equal to or less than the area A _IR of the control light beam irradiation range IR. If the illuminance of the control light beam CB is higher than the illuminance of disturbance light, the proportionality constant at this time is larger than the proportionality constant when the disturbance light is received. On the other hand, when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is _{equal to} or _larger than the area A IR of the control light beam irradiation range IR, the amount of the control light beam CB to be received is constant, so that the intensity of the electric signal is also constant.

Therefore, when the illuminance of the control light beam CB is higher than the illuminance of disturbance light, when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 exceeds a certain value A _Th , the electric signal level generated by the disturbance light irradiation is more control light CB. It becomes higher than the electric signal level produced by irradiation.

  7 (a) to 7 (d) show control beam irradiation when the strength of the electric signal (photocurrent) and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit are in a specific relationship in the correspondence shown in FIG. It is a correlation diagram which shows the magnitude relationship between the area of a range, and the area of a photoelectric conversion part. In each of FIGS. 7A to 7D, the graph on the right side shows the correspondence between the intensity of the electrical signal (photocurrent) shown in FIG. 6 and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit. The schematic diagram of FIG. 6 shows the magnitude of the control light beam irradiation range IR and the photoelectric conversion unit 15 when the intensity of the electric signal (photocurrent) and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 have a specific relationship indicated by a black circle in the graph on the right side. Showing the relationship.

As shown in FIG. 7A, when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is smaller than the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR, the electric signal generated by the control light beam CB irradiation is the electric power generated by the disturbance light irradiation. It becomes stronger than the signal. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, even when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is equal to the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR, the electric signal generated by the control light beam CB is generated by the disturbance light irradiation. It becomes stronger than the electrical signal. As shown in FIG. 7C, even when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is larger than the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR and less than the predetermined value A _Th , the electric signal generated by the control light beam CB is emitted. Becomes stronger than the electric signal generated by the irradiation of disturbance light.

However, as shown in FIG. 7D, when the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 becomes larger than the predetermined value _ATh , the electric signal generated by the disturbance light irradiation is more than the electric signal generated by the control light beam CB irradiation. Become stronger.

  In order to enable the light receiving device 40 (see FIG. 2) to extract the control information CI (see FIG. 2) in the control light beam CB substantially without being affected by disturbance light, the electricity generated by the irradiation of the control light beam CB. It is desirable that the signal level is higher than the electric signal level generated by the irradiation of ambient light. As shown in FIG. 7D, if the electric signal generated by the irradiation of the disturbance light becomes stronger than the electric signal generated by the irradiation of the control light beam CB, a malfunction due to the disturbance light becomes a concern.

Therefore, in the remote control system 50 (see FIG. 1), the illuminance of the control light beam CB is made higher than the illuminance of disturbance light, and the area of each photoelectric conversion unit 15 is a value as indicated by an arrow A in FIG. It is required to be less than A _Th .

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing a specific example of a correspondence relationship between the intensity of an electric signal generated in the photoelectric conversion unit and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit by irradiation with disturbance light and control light. In the illustrated example, disturbance light having a brightness of 200 lux (lux), which is required for rough visual work in a factory according to the JIS illuminance standard, is assumed, and the control light output device 5 (see FIG. 2) is portable. A laser pointer is assumed. According to the Consumer Product Safety Law, the manufacture and sale and import / sale of laser pointers (battery-driven portable laser application devices) with an output of 1 mW or more (class 2 or more) are prohibited. The maximum output of the pointer is 1 mW, and the control beam irradiation range IR (see FIG. 2) by the laser pointer is a circle with a diameter of 1 mm that can be detected by human eyes even from a certain distance.

Assuming that the wavelength of the control light beam CB (laser light) output from the laser pointer as the control light beam output device 5 is 555 nm (spectral luminous efficacy = 1), the light flux amount of the control light beam CB when the output is 1 mW is 683 ×. Since the area of the control beam irradiation range IR is 0.785 mm ² (0.5 [mm] × 0.5 [mm] × 3.14), the illuminance of the control beam CB is 10 ⁻³ [lm; lumen]. , The following formula (i)
(Illuminance of control beam CB) = 683 × 10 ⁻³ [lm] /0.785 [mm ² ] (i)
From this, 536155lux is obtained.

On the other hand, the illuminance of disturbance light is only 200 lux, but the entire photoelectric conversion unit 15 (see FIG. 2) is irradiated. In order to be able to detect the control light beam CB from the disturbance light, the light amount of the control light beam CB in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 must be larger than the light amount of the disturbance light. The amount of light in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is expressed by the following equation (ii)
(Light quantity) = (area of irradiation range) × (illuminance) (ii)
In order to make it possible to detect the control light beam CB from the disturbance light, the following equation (iii)
(Area of control light irradiation range) x (Illuminance of control light)
≧ (Irradiation area of disturbance light) × (Illuminance of disturbance light)
= (Area of photoelectric conversion unit) × (Illuminance of disturbance light) (iii)
Must hold.

From the above formula (iii), the area A _Th of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 in which the strength of the electric signal (electric signal level) due to the disturbance light is equal to the strength of the electric signal (electric signal level) due to the control light beam CB is ,
(Photoelectric conversion area)
≦ (area of control light irradiation range) × (illuminance of control light) / (illuminance of ambient light)
= (0.785 [mm ² ]) × (536155 [lux]) / (200 [lux])
= 2100 [mm ² ]
It is obtained.

Therefore, in the remote control system in which the correspondence relationship between the intensity of the electric signal generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 15 by the irradiation of the disturbance light and the control light beam CB and the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is shown in FIG. It is desirable that the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is less than the value A _Th in FIG. 8, that is, less than 2100 mm ² .

At this time, there is no problem in the function of the light receiving device 40 (see FIG. 2) even if the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is 0.785 mm ² or less, but the more the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is reduced, the more Since the photoelectric conversion unit 15 must be formed, the number of wirings 32 and 34 shown in FIG. 2 is increased and the structure of the signal processing unit 30 is complicated. Therefore, as indicated by an arrow B in FIG. 8, it is practical that the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is equal to or larger than the area A _IR equivalent to the area (0.785 mm ² ) of the control light irradiation range IR and less than 2100 mm ^2. Above preferred.

  However, if the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other in the light receiving region LR (see FIG. 2) is too wide, the control light beam CB is incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 15 even if the control light beam CB is irradiated to the light receiving region LR. It becomes easy to imitate the situation of not doing. In order to facilitate the detection of the control light beam CB by the light receiving device 40, it is preferable to appropriately select the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 according to the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR that can be irradiated by the control light beam CB.

  FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C are schematic diagrams illustrating the relationship between the distance between the photoelectric conversion units and whether the control light can be received by the photoelectric conversion units, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, when the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other in the light receiving region LR is smaller than the diameter of the control light beam irradiation range IR of the control light beam CB, When the control light beam CB is emitted from the control light beam output device 5 toward the light receiving region LR, the control light beam CB necessarily enters the at least one photoelectric conversion unit 15. Even if the irradiation position of the control light beam CB is blurred, the signal processing unit 30 always detects the electrical signal ES (see FIG. 2).

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9C, when the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other is wider than the control light beam irradiation range IR of the control light beam CB, the control light beam output device 5 moves toward the light receiving region LR. When the control light beam CB is emitted, the control light beam CB may not enter any of the photoelectric conversion units 15. Depending on the fluctuation of the irradiation position of the control light beam CB, the signal processing unit 30 may or may not detect the electrical signal ES (see FIG. 2).

  In order to stably perform remote operation of the control target device 1 (see FIG. 1) constituting the remote control system 50, when the signal processing unit 30 detects the electric signal ES continuously for a preset time or more, It is desirable to configure the signal processing unit 30 so as to extract the control information CI from the electrical signal ES. For this purpose, even if the irradiation position of the control light beam CB in the light receiving region LR is slightly shifted, at least one photoelectric conversion unit 15 is used. It is preferable that the light receiving device 40 is configured such that the control light beam CB is always incident thereon.

  Accordingly, the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other in the light receiving region LR is selected to be smaller than the diameter of the control light beam irradiation range IR according to the width of the control light beam irradiation range IR of the control light beam CB. It is preferable to do. When the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 is selected in this way, the control light beam CB can be easily detected by the light receiving device 40, so that the remote operation of the control target device 1 can be easily performed stably.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining an interval between photoelectric conversion units. As shown in the figure, the “interval between photoelectric conversion units” when a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 15 are arranged in a matrix is the interval S _R between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other in the row direction. There are a total of two intervals S _C between the photoelectric conversion units 15 adjacent to each other in the column direction. In order to ensure that the control light beam CB is incident on at least one photoelectric conversion unit 15 even if the irradiation position of the control light beam CB from the control light beam output device 5 is slightly shifted, the above two intervals S _R , S It is preferable that _C is smaller than the diameter of the control beam irradiation range IR.

For example, a portable laser pointer with a maximum output of 1 mW (maximum luminous flux amount: 683 × 10 ⁻³ lm) is used as the control beam output device 5, and the control target device 1 (see FIG. 1) in an environment where the ambient light illuminance is 200 lux. When remote-controlling, the following formula (iv)
(Area of control light irradiation range) ≦ 683 × 10 ⁻³ [lm] / 200 [lux] (iv)
It is preferable to set the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR to 3415 × 10 ⁻⁶ m ² or less so that the illuminance of the control light beam CB is higher than the illuminance 200 lux of disturbance light.

At this time, since the control beam irradiation region IR can be generally regarded as a circle, the diameter (beam diameter) of the control beam CB is
2 × (3415 × 10 ⁻⁶ /3.14) ^−1/2 = 66 [mm]
It is obtained.

Therefore, when the above portable laser pointer is used as the control beam output device 5, it is preferable that the intervals S _R and S _C shown in FIG.

  In the remote control system 50 shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 15 (see FIG. 2) are formed in the light receiving device 40 constituting the remote control system 50, and the areas of these photoelectric conversion units 15 (plan view). The upper area) and the interval between the photoelectric conversion units 15 are the illuminance of the control light beam CB (see FIGS. 1 and 2) emitted from the control light beam output device 5 and the area of the control light beam irradiation range IR (see FIG. 3). It can be selected as described above in consideration. Therefore, even if the light receiving region LR in the light receiving unit 20 is widened, a threshold value can be provided between the electric signal level due to the disturbance light and the electric signal level due to the control light beam CB.

  Therefore, the remote control system 50 and the light receiving device 40 can easily detect the control light beam CB by reducing the influence of disturbance light.

  The light receiving unit 20 in the light receiving device 40 can be manufactured by various methods. Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 11, a specific example of a method for manufacturing the light receiving unit 20 will be described.

  FIG. 11A to FIG. 11D are process diagrams illustrating an example of a manufacturing process of a light receiving portion in a light receiving device. In the illustrated example, first, a transparent conductive film TC is formed on the transparent substrate 10 as shown in FIG. The transparent conductive film TC can be formed by a physical vapor deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method, a coating method, a printing method, or the like.

  Next, the transparent conductive film TC is patterned to form a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers 11 on the transparent substrate 10 as shown in FIG. The patterning of the transparent conductive film TC is performed, for example, by applying a resist material on the transparent conductive film TC, pre-baking the resist material, exposing the resist material, forming an etching mask by developing the resist material, and using the etching mask. Etching of the transparent conductive film TC, peeling of the etching mask, and rinsing treatment are sequentially performed in this order.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 11C, the photoelectric conversion layer 12 is formed on the transparent substrate 10 so as to cover each light transmissive electrode layer 11. The photoelectric conversion layer 12 is formed of, for example, an organic photoelectric conversion material. Formation of the photoelectric conversion layer 12 by an organic photoelectric conversion material is prepared, for example, by preparing an organic solvent solution of a desired organic photoelectric conversion material, applying the organic solvent solution by a method such as a spin coating method or a spray method, and drying the solution. Is done.

  Thereafter, a plurality of back electrode layers 13 are formed on the photoelectric conversion layer 12 so as to intersect with each light transmissive electrode layer 11 in plan view. The back electrode layer 13 is formed by, for example, a physical or chemical vapor deposition method using a deposition mask having a desired shape. By forming up to the back electrode layer 13 on the transparent substrate 10, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 15 are formed on the transparent substrate 10, and the light receiving unit 20 is obtained.

  The remote control system and the light receiving device of the present invention have been described with reference to the embodiments. However, as described above, the remote control system and the light receiving device of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. For example, control target devices constituting a remote control system include an air conditioner, an automatic opening / closing window, an automatic opening / closing blind, an automatic opening / closing shutter, a display board, a toy, and a light gun in addition to the indoor lighting fixture. Any device that can be remotely operated, such as a playground equipment to be used, may be used, and the content of control by remote operation is appropriately selected according to the type of the device to be controlled.

  FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a remote control system. The illustrated remote control system 50A is a system in which a display board is a control target device 2, and the control target device (display board) 2 includes a display unit 2a, a printing unit 2b, and a projector 2c. A light receiving device 40A including a plurality of light receiving units 20 is disposed on the side of the display unit 2a.

  In this remote control system 50A, when the human Hu irradiates the predetermined light receiving unit 20 from the control light output device 5 with the control light beam CB including the modulation signal, the light receiving device 40A converts the control light beam CB into an electric signal and demodulates it. Then, the predetermined control information is sent to the projector 2c, and the projector 2c receiving the control information projects the predetermined image information on the display unit 2a. When another light receiving unit 20 is irradiated with the control light beam CB, remote operations such as erasing the display image, sending to the next image, and returning to the previous image can be performed.

  It is also possible to print the image displayed on the display unit 2a on the printing unit 2b. It is also conceivable to remotely control the movement of the control target apparatus 2 itself with the control light beam CB. It is also possible to add a display function to the display unit 2a so that the display unit 2a itself displays image information in accordance with control information from the control light beam CB.

  FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of the remote control system. The illustrated remote control system 50 </ b> B is a system that uses a toy (play equipment model car) as the control target device 3, and a light receiving device (not shown) is mounted on the control target device 3. In this remote control system 50B, the human Hu irradiates the light receiving device from the control light output device 5 with the control light beam CB including the modulation signal, so that the control target device 3 can start, stop, change direction, and the like. it can.

  The control light beam output device constituting the remote control system of the present invention may be any device that outputs a control light beam in the visible region (wavelength of about 380 nm to 780 nm) whose irradiation range is somewhat narrow. If laser light is used as the control light, it will be possible to control long distances of several hundred meters to several kilometers, so it is possible to perform remote control in the field, such as operation of construction equipment, or to be controlled in an environment where human hands cannot reach Remote control, remote control from outside the area of the device to be controlled in the area where people are prohibited.

  When a light emitting diode is used as the light source of the control light, it is possible to narrow down the emitted light from the light source with an optical system using a lens or the like at the appropriate time. Further, by including the modulated signal in the control light beam, communication with the control target device is possible. Depending on the type of the control target device, voice, text, image, or the like can be transmitted. The control beam output device may be operated by a human or a machine.

  The number of photoelectric conversion units in the light receiving device is not limited to 25 described in the embodiment, and may be a desired number of 2 or more. Further, the light transmissive electrode layer and the back electrode layer constituting the photoelectric conversion portion do not have to be orthogonal to each other when viewed in plan, but may be crossed obliquely or on the substrate surface. You may mutually oppose through a photoelectric converting layer.

  The photoelectric conversion unit can be formed on a non-transparent substrate in addition to being formed on a transparent substrate. When forming a photoelectric conversion part on a non-transparent substrate, the electrode layer on the non-transparent substrate side of the two electrode layers constituting the photoelectric conversion part is used as a back electrode, and the remaining electrode layer is a light-transmitting electrode layer. The light transmissive electrode layer side is the light receiving surface. Of course, when forming the photoelectric conversion part on the transparent substrate, the electrode layer on the transparent substrate side of the two electrode layers constituting the photoelectric conversion part is used as the back electrode, and the remaining electrode layer is used as the light transmissive electrode layer. It is also possible to make the light-transmitting electrode layer side the light receiving surface.

  When the photoelectric conversion layer is formed of an organic photoelectric conversion material, when the organic photoelectric conversion material is deteriorated by oxygen or moisture, each photoelectric conversion portion is covered with a sealing portion, and oxygen or moisture of the photoelectric conversion layer is covered. It is preferable to suppress intrusion. By suppressing the intrusion of oxygen and moisture into the photoelectric conversion layer, the element lifetime of the photoelectric conversion unit can be extended.

  FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of a light receiving unit in which each photoelectric conversion unit is covered with a sealing unit. The light receiving part 20A shown in the figure has a configuration in which a sealing part 17 is added to the light receiving part 20 shown in FIG. Among the constituent elements shown in FIG. 14, those common to the constituent elements shown in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 3 and description thereof is omitted.

  The illustrated sealing portion 17 has a cap-shaped sealing material 17b with a desiccant 17a attached to the inside of the top surface portion and is disposed on the transparent substrate 10 so that each photoelectric conversion portion 15 is accommodated in the recess. , And fixed to the photoelectric conversion layer 12 and the back electrode layers 13 by the sealing adhesive resin 17c. In the light receiving portion 20A provided with the sealing portion 17, each photoelectric conversion portion 15 is separated from the outside air by the sealing material 17b and the sealing adhesive resin 17c, and oxygen and moisture that have entered the internal space of the sealing material 17b. Is adsorbed by the desiccant 17a, so that intrusion of oxygen and moisture into the photoelectric conversion layer 12 constituting the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is suppressed.

  A photoelectric conversion layer using an organic photoelectric conversion material has an advantage that it can be formed by a simple process such as a coating method, and an advantage that it can be collectively formed even when a certain area is required. ing. Such a photoelectric conversion layer has a configuration including, for example, a mixture of an electron donating organic material and an electron accepting organic material.

  The term “mixture” as used herein refers to a mixture obtained by putting a liquid or solid material in a container and adding a solvent if necessary, followed by stirring and the like. The mixed state of the mixture does not need to be uniform and may be mixed non-uniformly or only a part may form the mixture. Further, a plurality of types of electron donating organic materials and electron accepting organic materials may be included. Furthermore, the electron-donating organic material and the electron-accepting organic material may be separately formed in layers. In that case, the electron-donating organic material and the electron-accepting organic material can be formed by different methods. In addition, the layer of the electron donating organic material and the layer of the electron accepting organic material may not be completely mixed or completely separated. Only the part may form the mixed state.

  Specific examples of the electron-donating organic material include, for example, phenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, fluorene and derivatives thereof (particularly, fluorene copolymers having a quinoline group or a pyridine group in the skeleton (P0F66, P1F66, PFPV)), fluorene-containing aryl Polymers such as amine polymers, carbazole and derivatives thereof, indole and derivatives thereof, pyrene and derivatives thereof, pyrrole and derivatives thereof, picoline and derivatives thereof, thiophene and derivatives thereof, acetylene and derivatives thereof, diacetylene and derivatives thereof, and the like Derivatives, as well as a group of polymeric materials collectively referred to as dendrimers, and the like.

Furthermore, it is not limited to a polymer, for example, porphyrin compounds such as porphine, tetraphenylporphine copper, phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, titanium phthalocyanine oxide, 1,1-bis (4- (di-p-tolylamino) ) Phenyl) cyclohexane, 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethyltriphenylamine, N, N, N ′, N
'-Tetrakis (p-tolyl) -p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N, N-di-p-tolylamino) naphthalene, 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) -2-2'-dimethyltriphenylmethane, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di-m-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, N-phenyl Aromatic tertiary amines such as carbazole, and stilbenes such as 4-di-p-tolylaminostilbene and 4- (di-p-tolylamino) -4 ′-(4- (di-p-tolylamino) styryl) stilbene Compounds, triazole and derivatives thereof, oxazizazole and derivatives thereof, imidazole and derivatives thereof, polyarylalkanes and derivatives thereof, pyrazolines and derivatives thereof, Lazolone and derivatives thereof, phenylenediamine and derivatives thereof, annealed amine and derivatives thereof, amino-substituted chalcones and derivatives thereof, oxazole and derivatives thereof, styrylanthracene and derivatives thereof, fluorenone and derivatives thereof, hydrazone and derivatives thereof, silazane and derivatives thereof Polysilane-based aniline-based copolymers, polymer oligomers, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidin-based compounds, poly-3-methylthiophene, and the like can also be used as the electron-donating organic material. In addition, if it is an organic material, it can also modify chemically and can adjust the light absorption wavelength characteristic.

  Examples of the electron-accepting organic material include, in addition to the low-molecular and high-molecular materials similar to the electron-donating organic material described above, for example, 1,3-bis (4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl) ) Oxadiazole and its derivatives such as phenylene (OXD-7), fluorene and its derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, diphenylquinone and its derivatives, fullerene and its derivatives (especially PCBM ([6,6]- A polymer having a repeating unit such as phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester)), carbon nanotubes and derivatives thereof, and a copolymer with other monomers, and a group of polymer materials collectively referred to as dendrimers, etc. it can. In addition, if it is an organic material, it can also modify chemically and can adjust the light absorption wavelength characteristic.

  As a method for producing the photoelectric conversion layer, any vacuum process such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or a wet process such as spin coating may be used. Can be arbitrarily selected. Various printing methods such as an ink jet method are also preferably used.

  Hereinafter, specific materials and construction methods used for each part when the light receiving part is produced using the above-described organic material as the material of the photoelectric conversion layer will be described in detail.

  The substrate constituting the light receiving unit may be any substrate as long as it has mechanical and thermal strength and can hold each photoelectric conversion unit. The substrate is preferably electrically insulating, but is not particularly limited, and may have conductivity within a range that does not hinder the operation of photoelectric conversion or depending on the application.

Examples of the material of the substrate include soda quartz glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and inorganic oxide glass such as quartz glass, inorganic fluoride glass, As, and the like. Metal oxides such as chalcogenide glasses such as ₂ S ₃ , As ₄₀ S ₁₀ and S ₄₀ G ₁₀ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , SiO, Si ₃ N ₄ , HfO ₂ , and TiO ₂ High molecular materials such as nitride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether sulfone, polyvinyl fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylate, amorphous polyolefin, and fluorine resin, materials containing pigments, and the like, and The surface is insulated Or the like can be used a metal material. Further, a laminated substrate in which a plurality of kinds of substrate materials described above are selected and laminated may be used. However, when using one side of the substrate as the light receiving surface and forming the photoelectric conversion part on the opposite surface, select the material so that the substrate has light transmission that allows control light to pass through. It becomes necessary to do.

The light transmissive electrode layer and the back electrode layer constituting the photoelectric conversion part are preferably capable of efficiently taking out an electric signal generated in the photoelectric conversion layer to the outside. In addition, when a function of transmitting the control light is required, it is desirable to set the thickness to 500 nm or less in order to provide sufficient transparency. Examples of the electrode material include indium tin oxide (ITO), coating type ITO, tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), zinc oxide (ZnO), SnO: Sb (antimony), ZnO: Al (aluminum), and IZO (In Metal oxides such as ₂ O ₃ : ZnO), metal thin films such as Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Ti (titanium), and Ag (silver) with a thickness that does not impair transparency, and a mixture of these metals Examples thereof include a thin film or a laminated thin film, and conductive polymer compounds such as polypyrrole, polythiophene (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), etc.), polyphenylene vinylene, and polyfluorene. Furthermore, what laminated | stacked multiple types of said material can also be used as an electrode material.

  For example, metals such as Al (aluminum), In (indium), Mg (magnesium), Ti (titanium), Ag (silver), Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), Li (lithium), and the like of these metals Oxides, fluorides, alloys thereof, laminates, and the like are generally used as electrode materials.

  The light transmissive electrode layer and the back electrode layer can be prepared by vacuum polymerization, resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering, various polymerization methods such as electric field polymerization, and spin coating and ink jet methods. A coating method or the like is applied depending on the electrode material. Each electrode layer preferably has a thickness of 1 nm or more in order to have sufficient conductivity and to prevent uneven light transmission and reflection due to unevenness of the substrate surface.

When covering each photoelectric conversion part with a sealing part, as a sealing material constituting the sealing part, for example, SiON, SiO, SiN, SiO ₂ formed by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a coating method, A thin film made of inorganic oxide such as Al ₂ O ₃ or LiF, inorganic nitride, or inorganic fluoride, or a glass film or glass plate made of inorganic oxide, inorganic nitride, inorganic fluoride, or a mixture thereof. Can be used.

  The sealing adhesive resin that fixes the sealing material on the substrate has an adhesive function that can fix the sealing material to the substrate, and blocks the outside air (especially water and oxygen) to keep the photoelectric conversion layer for a long time. Anything that can be kept stable is acceptable. Specific examples of the sealing adhesive resin include a photocurable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin, a thermosetting resin, and a silane polymer material having a sealing effect. These can be applied by a coating method such as a nozzle coating method.

  The light receiving part can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, an ITO film having a thickness of 160 nm is formed on a transparent glass substrate, and the ITO film is patterned by a photolithography method to form a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers.

  A resist material is applied onto the ITO film by a spin coating method, pre-baked to form a resist film having a thickness of 10 μm, the resist film is exposed using a photomask having a predetermined shape, developed, and the resist The film is formed into an etching mask having a predetermined shape. The ITO film on which this etching mask is formed is immersed in 50% hydrochloric acid at a liquid temperature of 60 ° C., and after etching the portion of the ITO film on which the etching mask is not formed, the etching mask is peeled off and rinsed. A plurality of light transmissive electrode layers made of an ITO film are obtained.

  Next, poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) and [5,6] -PCBM ([5,6] -phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) A chlorobenzene solution in which is dissolved at a weight ratio of 1: 4 is applied by spin coating to form a photoelectric conversion layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

Finally, a film of about 2 nm of LiF (lithium fluoride) is deposited in a vapor deposition range defined by a predetermined vapor deposition mask in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum of 0.27 mPa (= 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr) or less. A plurality of back electrode layers are formed by forming a film with a thickness and subsequently forming an aluminum metal film with a thickness of about 100 nm. The light receiving part can be manufactured by the above process.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a remote control system for remotely controlling a control target device with a control light beam including visible light and a light receiving device that receives the control light beam and extracts control information. By using visible light as the control light, the remote operability of the device to be controlled is improved. In addition, since the influence of disturbance light can be reduced, the control target device can be remotely operated even in the presence of disturbance light such as room illumination light or sunlight.

1 Controlled device (indoor lighting equipment)
2 Controlled device (display board)
2a Display unit 2b Printing unit 2c Projector 3 Control target device (playing equipment model car)
5 Control beam output device 10 Substrate (transparent substrate)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Light transmissive electrode layer 12 Photoelectric converting layer 13 Back surface electrode layer 15 Photoelectric converting part 17 Sealing part 17a Desiccant 17b Sealing material 17c Sealing adhesive resin 20, 20A Light receiving part 21 Amplifying part and IV converting part 22 Polarity converting part 23 AD conversion circuit 24 OR circuit 25 logic circuit 26 output circuit 30 signal processing unit 40, 40A light receiving device 50, 50A, 50B remote control system CB control beam CE column electrode group CI control information ES electrical signal Hu human IR control beam irradiation region LR light receiving region RE row electrode group TC transparent conductive film

Claims (8)

Control target device, control light output device capable of outputting control light including control information for remotely operating the control target device, and light reception for converting the control light into an electrical signal when the control light is received And a light receiving device having a signal processing unit that extracts the control information from the electrical signal and sends the control information to the control target device,
The light receiving unit includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units in which a light transmissive electrode layer is disposed on a light receiving surface side, and a back electrode layer is disposed on the back side of the light transmissive electrode layer via a photoelectric conversion layer,
The signal processing unit is a remote control system that takes out the control information and sends it to the device to be controlled when at least one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units receives the control light beam. The light receiving unit includes a transparent substrate having a light receiving surface on one side, a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers formed on a surface opposite to the light receiving surface of the transparent substrate, and a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers. A plurality of back electrode layers disposed on the transparent substrate via the photoelectric conversion layer so as to intersect each other, and the intersection of the light transmissive electrode layer and the back electrode layer is the photoelectric layer. The remote control system according to claim 1, which functions as a conversion unit. The electric signal level in the photoelectric conversion unit when the photoelectric conversion unit is irradiated with the control light beam is higher than the electric signal level in the photoelectric conversion unit when disturbance light is irradiated on the photoelectric conversion unit. The remote control system according to claim 1. Area of a plan view of the photoelectric conversion unit is 0.785 mm ² or more, a remote control system according to claim 1, I characterized in that it is 2100 mm ² or less. The remote control system according to claim 1, wherein an interval between the photoelectric conversion units in the light receiving unit is smaller than a diameter of an irradiation range of the control light beam. The remote control system according to claim 1, wherein an interval between the photoelectric conversion units is 66 mm or less. When receiving a control beam including control information for remotely operating the control target device, a light receiving unit for converting the control beam into an electrical signal, and extracting the control information from the electrical signal and sending the control information to the control target device A light receiving device having a signal processing unit,
The light receiving unit includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units in which a light transmissive electrode layer is disposed on a light receiving surface side, and a back electrode layer is disposed on the back side of the light transmissive electrode layer via a photoelectric conversion layer,
The signal processing unit is a light receiving device that takes out the control information and sends it to the device to be controlled when at least one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units receives the control light beam. The light receiving unit includes a transparent substrate having a light receiving surface on one side, a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers formed on a surface opposite to the light receiving surface of the transparent substrate, and a plurality of light transmissive electrode layers. A plurality of back electrode layers disposed on the transparent substrate via the photoelectric conversion layer so as to intersect each other, and the intersection of the light transmissive electrode layer and the back electrode layer is the photoelectric layer. The light receiving device according to claim 7, which functions as a conversion unit.

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