JP2011082343A - Cooling apparatus for superconduction equipment - Google Patents
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 On the other hand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、超電導変圧器などの超電導応用機器について、その高温超電導体を極低温容器に収容した液体窒素中に浸漬して冷却するようにした超電導機器の冷却装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a superconducting equipment cooling apparatus in which superconducting application equipment such as a superconducting transformer is cooled by immersing the high-temperature superconductor in liquid nitrogen contained in a cryogenic container.
昨今では、液体窒素温度(77K)以上で超電導状態に転移する高温超電導体の出現に伴い、この高温超電導体を通電中に臨界温度以下に保持する冷却手段として、液体窒素を冷媒に使用した超電導機器の冷却システムの研究,開発が進んでいる。 Recently, with the advent of high-temperature superconductors that transition to a superconducting state at liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) or higher, superconductivity using liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium as a cooling means to keep the high-temperature superconductor below the critical temperature during energization. Research and development of equipment cooling systems is progressing.
また、超電導体は冷却温度が低いほど臨界電流値などの超電導特性が向上することから、前記冷却システムとして、極低温容器(真空断熱容器などで構成されたクライオスタット)に収容した液体窒素をGM冷凍機(ギフォード・マクマホン冷凍機)で代表される極低温冷凍機により大気圧下で例えば63K以上,70K以下の過冷却温度(サブクール温度)に冷却するようにした超電導体機器の冷却システムが実用化に向けて開発されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。 In addition, since the superconductor improves the superconducting characteristics such as the critical current value as the cooling temperature is lower, the liquid nitrogen contained in the cryogenic container (a cryostat composed of a vacuum heat insulating container) is GM refrigerated as the cooling system. Practical use of cooling system for superconductor equipment that is cooled to a supercooling temperature (subcooling temperature) of 63K or more and 70K or less under atmospheric pressure by a cryogenic refrigerator represented by the machine (Gifford McMahon refrigerator) (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
前記の非特許文献1に開示されている冷却システムでは、極低温容器を超電導機器の高温超電導体(超電導変圧器のコイル)を収容した機器ユニットの容器と、極低温冷凍機を装備した冷凍機ユニットの容器とに分け、冷凍機ユニットにて大気圧下の過冷却温度に冷却した液体窒素をポンプにより機器ユニットに循環送液して超電導体を冷却するようにしている。なお、液体窒素を収容した極低温容器は、液面上のガス空間が略大気圧を保つように実質大気側に開放している。 In the cooling system disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, a cryogenic container is a container of an equipment unit that houses a high-temperature superconductor (coil of a superconducting transformer) of a superconducting device, and a refrigerator equipped with a cryogenic refrigerator. The superconductor is cooled by dividing it into containers of the unit and circulating and feeding liquid nitrogen cooled to the supercooling temperature under atmospheric pressure by the refrigerator unit to the equipment unit by a pump. Note that the cryogenic container containing liquid nitrogen is opened to the substantial atmosphere side so that the gas space on the liquid surface maintains a substantially atmospheric pressure.
一方、前記構成とは別なタイプとして、液体窒素を収容した単一の極低温容器に超電導体,および冷凍機を配置し、超電導機器の稼働時には冷凍機を運転して液体窒素を過冷却温度に冷却し、超電導体の通電に伴う熱負荷を除熱するようにした冷却装置も知られている。 On the other hand, as a type different from the above configuration, a superconductor and a refrigerator are arranged in a single cryogenic container containing liquid nitrogen, and when the superconducting equipment is in operation, the refrigerator is operated to supercool the liquid nitrogen. There is also known a cooling device that cools the heat conductor and removes the heat load caused by energization of the superconductor.
この種の冷却装置は、機器ユニットと冷凍機ユニットに分けて構成した非特許文献1の構成と比べて極低温容器が一つで済む利点があるが、一方では1台の冷凍機で超電導体の熱負荷、および外部から極低温容器に侵入する熱負荷に対応して容器内に収容した液体窒素を適正な冷却温度に保持する冷却制御が難しい問題がある。 This type of cooling device has the advantage that only one cryogenic container is required as compared with the configuration of Non-Patent Document 1, which is configured by dividing the equipment unit and the refrigerator unit. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to control the cooling of the liquid nitrogen stored in the container at an appropriate cooling temperature in response to the heat load and the heat load entering the cryogenic container from the outside.
かかる点、特許文献1の冷却装置では、液体窒素中に浸漬した冷凍機の冷却ヘッドの挿入高さ位置を可変調節する冷凍機の昇降手段と、冷凍機の冷凍能力(出力)を調整する例えばインバータ制御手段を備え、超電導機器の稼働状況(運転,休止)に対応して冷凍機の冷却ヘッドを適正な位置に昇降して液体窒素の冷却制御を行うことで、冷却効率の向上,および超電導機器の停止中における外部からの侵入熱量の低減を図るようにしている。 In this respect, the cooling device of Patent Document 1 adjusts the elevating means of the refrigerator that variably adjusts the insertion height position of the cooling head of the refrigerator immersed in liquid nitrogen, and the refrigerating capacity (output) of the refrigerator, for example. Equipped with inverter control means, raising and lowering the cooling head of the refrigerator to an appropriate position and controlling cooling of liquid nitrogen in response to the operating status (running, resting) of superconducting equipment, improving cooling efficiency and superconducting It is intended to reduce the amount of heat entering from the outside while the equipment is stopped.
ところで、前記特許文献1の冷却装置には次記のような課題が残る。すなわち、液面上にガス空間を残して液体窒素を収容した単一の極低温容器に超電導体機器と冷凍機を一緒に配置した構成の冷却装置においては、冷凍機には次記のような二面の冷却機能が要求される。 By the way, the following problems remain in the cooling device of Patent Document 1. That is, in a cooling device having a configuration in which a superconductor device and a refrigerator are disposed together in a single cryogenic container containing liquid nitrogen while leaving a gas space on the liquid surface, the refrigerator is as follows. A two-sided cooling function is required.
すなわち、超電導体の熱負荷に対して極低温容器に収容した液体窒素を過冷却温度(例えば、63K以上,70K以下)に保持するには、冷凍機の冷却ヘッドを液体窒素の液面下に浸漬させた上で、その冷却ヘッドの冷熱温度(冷却ヘッドの表面に生成する寒冷の温度)が前記過冷却温度に対応する温度となるように運転制御する必要がある。 That is, in order to keep the liquid nitrogen contained in the cryogenic container at the supercooling temperature (for example, 63K or more and 70K or less) with respect to the heat load of the superconductor, the cooling head of the refrigerator is placed below the liquid nitrogen level. After the immersion, it is necessary to control the operation so that the cooling temperature of the cooling head (the temperature of the cooling generated on the surface of the cooling head) becomes a temperature corresponding to the supercooling temperature.
一方、超電導体の熱負荷とは別に、極低温容器には容器壁,および該容器の蓋部を貫通して設置した冷凍機を通じて容器外方の常温側から熱侵入があるため、容器上部のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスと接している液面付近の液体窒素はこの影響を受け易くなる。そのために、容器外方からの侵入熱量が大きいと、液面付近の液体窒素は沸騰現象(液体窒素の大気圧下における沸点は77K)により蒸発量が大きくなる。しかも、この状態が長時間継続すると、蒸発した窒素ガスでガス空間の蒸気圧が大気圧以上となって窒素ガスが容器外方に逸散し、このままでは当初に極低温容器に補填した液体窒素の量が次第に減量し、そのために液体窒素の液面レベルが低下して超電導体の冷却性能にも影響が及ぶようになる。 On the other hand, apart from the heat load of the superconductor, the cryogenic container has heat intrusion from the room temperature side outside the container through a refrigerator installed through the container wall and the lid of the container. Liquid nitrogen near the liquid surface in contact with the nitrogen gas filling the gas space is susceptible to this effect. For this reason, when the amount of heat entering from the outside of the container is large, the amount of evaporation of liquid nitrogen near the liquid surface increases due to the boiling phenomenon (the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 K under atmospheric pressure). In addition, if this state continues for a long time, the vapor pressure of the gas space becomes greater than atmospheric pressure due to the vaporized nitrogen gas, and the nitrogen gas diffuses outside the container, and in this state liquid nitrogen initially filled in the cryogenic container As a result, the liquid level of liquid nitrogen is lowered and the cooling performance of the superconductor is affected.
したがって、極低温容器に装備した冷凍機には、超電導体の熱負荷に対応して容器内に収容した液体窒素を過冷却温度(例えば、63K以上,70K以下)に保持させる冷却機能のほかに、外方から容器内に侵入する熱負荷によって液体窒素が液面上で過度に蒸発するのを抑えるように、ガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスを凝縮して液体窒素に戻す冷却機能が必要となる。なお、この場合に窒素ガスの凝縮が過度に行われるとガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスの圧力が大気圧に対して負圧となり、このために容器内に外気(湿気を含んだ空気)が侵入して液体窒素の絶縁耐力が低下する問題が派生するおそれがあるので、液面付近では液体窒素をできるだけ77K(大気圧での沸点)に近い温度に保持する必要がある。 Therefore, the refrigerator equipped in the cryogenic container has a cooling function for keeping the liquid nitrogen contained in the container at the supercooling temperature (for example, 63K or more, 70K or less) corresponding to the heat load of the superconductor. In order to prevent the liquid nitrogen from excessively evaporating on the liquid surface due to the heat load that enters the container from the outside, a cooling function that condenses the nitrogen gas filling the gas space and returns it to liquid nitrogen is required. Become. In this case, if the nitrogen gas is excessively condensed, the pressure of the nitrogen gas filling the gas space becomes a negative pressure with respect to the atmospheric pressure. For this reason, the outside air (humid air) is generated in the container. Since there is a possibility that the problem that the dielectric strength of liquid nitrogen decreases due to intrusion, it is necessary to keep liquid nitrogen as close to 77 K (boiling point at atmospheric pressure) as possible near the liquid surface.
上記のような冷却機能の要求に対して、特許文献1のように極低温容器に装備した冷凍機で液体窒素を過冷却温度に冷却するように構成した冷却装置では、前記した二つの冷却機能の要求を1台の冷凍機で同時に対応させることが非常に困難である。 In response to the above cooling function requirement, the cooling device configured to cool liquid nitrogen to a supercooling temperature with a refrigerator equipped in a cryogenic container as in Patent Document 1, the two cooling functions described above It is very difficult to meet these requirements simultaneously with a single refrigerator.
この発明は上記の点に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は極低温容器に収容して超電導体を浸漬した液体窒素を大気圧下で過冷却温度を保持して高い冷却性能を確保し、一方では容器外方からの侵入熱により液体窒素が過剰に蒸発するのを抑制し、メンテナンスフリーのまま極低温容器に収容した液体窒素の減量,液面レベルの低下を抑えて長期安定した冷却性能が発揮できるように改良した超電導機器の冷却装置を提供することにある。 This invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to secure high cooling performance by maintaining a supercooling temperature under atmospheric pressure with liquid nitrogen housed in a cryogenic container and immersed in a superconductor, On the other hand, liquid nitrogen is prevented from excessively evaporating due to intrusion heat from the outside of the container, and the cooling performance is stable for a long time by reducing the amount of liquid nitrogen stored in the cryogenic container and reducing the liquid level while maintaining maintenance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling device for superconducting equipment which is improved so that the above can be exhibited.
前記の目的を達成するために、この発明によれば、略大気圧状態に保持された極低温容器に液体窒素を収容した上で、超電導機器の高温超電導体を液体窒素中に浸漬して冷却する超電導機器の冷却装置であって、前記極低温容器に極低温冷凍機を搭載装備し、液体窒素の液面上にガス空間を残して容器に収容した液体窒素を前記冷凍機により大気圧下の過冷却温度に冷却するようにしたものにおいて、
前記極低温容器に2台の極低温冷凍機を装備し、第1の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドを液体窒素の液面から離して液体窒素中に浸漬配置するとともに、第2の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドの少なくとも一部を前記ガス空間に露呈させて液体窒素の液面近傍に配置し、超電導体の熱負荷に対応して液体窒素を過冷却温度に冷却する冷却機能と、容器外方から侵入する熱負荷によって液面から蒸発する液体窒素の蒸発量を抑制する冷却機能を、前記第1,第2の冷凍機で別々に分担させるようにする(請求項1)。
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, liquid nitrogen is contained in a cryogenic container maintained at a substantially atmospheric pressure state, and then the high temperature superconductor of the superconducting device is immersed in liquid nitrogen and cooled. A superconducting device cooling apparatus, wherein the cryogenic vessel is equipped with a cryogenic refrigerator and the liquid nitrogen contained in the vessel is left under atmospheric pressure by the refrigerator, leaving a gas space on the liquid nitrogen surface. In what is cooled to the supercooling temperature of
The cryogenic container is equipped with two cryogenic refrigerators, the first refrigerator is placed in the liquid nitrogen so that its cooling head is separated from the liquid nitrogen surface, and the second refrigerator is A cooling function in which at least a part of the cooling head is exposed to the gas space and disposed near the liquid surface of the liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen is cooled to a supercooling temperature corresponding to the heat load of the superconductor, and from the outside of the container The cooling function for suppressing the amount of liquid nitrogen that evaporates from the liquid surface due to the invading heat load is shared by the first and second refrigerators (claim 1).
ここで、前記2台の極低温冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドの冷熱温度を個別に設定して運転制御するようにし、第1の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドの冷熱温度で超電導体を浸漬した液体窒素を大気圧下の過冷却温度に保持するように運転制御し、第2の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドの冷熱温度で液面付近の液体窒素,および液面上のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスを液体窒素の沸点温度状態に保持するように運転制御する(請求項2)。 Here, the two cryogenic refrigerators are individually controlled to operate by setting the cooling temperature of the cooling head, and the first refrigerator is liquid nitrogen in which the superconductor is immersed at the cooling temperature of the cooling head. Is controlled so as to be maintained at a supercooling temperature under atmospheric pressure, and the second refrigerator has liquid nitrogen near the liquid surface and nitrogen gas filling the gas space above the liquid surface at the cooling temperature of the cooling head. Is controlled so as to maintain the boiling point temperature of liquid nitrogen.
また、前記構成の冷却装置において、極低温容器には、該容器内のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスを略大気圧に保持する調整手段を備えるものとし(請求項3)、具体的には前記調整手段は、容器内圧力が大気圧より所定の圧力だけ上昇した際に窒素ガスを容器外に放出する窒素ガス放出機構と、容器内圧力が大気圧より所定の圧力だけ降下した際に窒素ガスを極低温容器に補給する窒素ガス供給機構とで構成する(請求項4)。 Further, in the cooling device having the above-described configuration, the cryogenic container is provided with adjusting means for maintaining the nitrogen gas filling the gas space in the container at a substantially atmospheric pressure (Claim 3). The adjusting means includes a nitrogen gas release mechanism that releases nitrogen gas to the outside of the container when the container pressure rises from the atmospheric pressure by a predetermined pressure, and nitrogen gas when the container pressure falls from the atmospheric pressure by a predetermined pressure. And a nitrogen gas supply mechanism for supplying gas to the cryogenic container (claim 4).
この発明によれば、次記効果を奏することができる。
(1)極低温容器に装備した2台の極低温冷凍機についてはその冷却ヘッドの冷熱温度を個別に設定し、液体窒素の液面下に浸漬配置した第1の冷凍機はその冷凍能力により超電導体を浸漬した周囲の液体窒素を過冷却温度に冷却し、液面近傍に配置した第2の冷凍機はその冷凍能力により液面からの液体窒素の蒸発量を抑制するように個別に運転制御でき、これによりメンテナンスフリーのまま極低温容器に収容した液体窒素の減量,液面の変動を抑制しつつ、超電導体を過冷却温度に冷却した液体窒素により効率よく冷却できる。
(2)また、前記第2の冷凍機による冷却機能のバックアップ手段として、極低温容器に該容器内のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスを略大気圧に保持する調整手段を備えたことにより、極低温容器のガス空間を略大気圧状態に保持して湿気を含んだ外気の侵入,外気侵入による電気的な絶縁耐力低下を防ぐことができて冷却装置の信頼性向上が図れる。
According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.
(1) For the two cryogenic refrigerators installed in the cryogenic container, the cooling temperature of the cooling head is set individually, and the first refrigerator placed immersed under the liquid nitrogen surface depends on its refrigerating capacity. The liquid nitrogen around the superconductor is cooled to the supercooling temperature, and the second refrigerator placed in the vicinity of the liquid level is individually operated to suppress the amount of liquid nitrogen evaporation from the liquid level due to its refrigerating capacity. Thus, the superconductor can be efficiently cooled by the liquid nitrogen cooled to the supercooling temperature while suppressing the reduction of the liquid nitrogen contained in the cryogenic container and the fluctuation of the liquid level without maintenance.
(2) Further, as a backup means for the cooling function by the second refrigerator, the cryogenic container is provided with an adjusting means for maintaining the nitrogen gas filling the gas space in the container at a substantially atmospheric pressure. Maintaining the gas space of the cryogenic container at a substantially atmospheric pressure state can prevent intrusion of moisture-containing outside air, and prevent a decrease in electrical dielectric strength due to the entry of outside air, thereby improving the reliability of the cooling device.
以下、この発明による実施の形態を図1,図2に示す実施例に基づいて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in FIGS.
まず、この発明の請求項1,2に対応する実施例を図1で説明する。図において、1は真空断熱容器の構成になる極低温容器、1aは極低温容器1のトップフランジ(蓋部)、2は超電導機器の超電導体(例えば、超電導変圧器のコイル)、3,4はGM冷凍機(ギフォード・マクマホン冷凍機)で代表される第1の極低温冷凍機,および第2の極低温冷凍機、5は極低温容器1に収容した液体窒素、5aは液体窒素5の液面上に残る極低温容器1のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスである。なお、極低温容器1は先記した従来の極低温容器と同様に、容器内の空間を実質大気側に開放して略大気圧を保持するようにしている。
First, an embodiment corresponding to
ここで、前記の超電導体2はトップフランジ1aに支持構造物(不図示)を介して容器1内に吊り下げ支持し、液体窒素5に浸漬するよう配備されている。また、第1,第2の極低温冷凍機3,4はそれぞれトップフランジ1aに据付けた上で、第1の極低温冷凍機3はその先端の冷却ヘッド3a(冷凍機の運転により表面に寒冷が発生する部分)が液体窒素5の液面高さHから下方に距離L(L:100mm以上)だけ離して液体窒素の中に浸漬するような高さ位置に配置されている。一方、第2の極低温冷凍機4はその冷却ヘッド4aを液体窒素5の液面高さHに合わせ、冷却ヘッド4aの一部がガス空間を満たしている窒素ガス5a側に露呈するような高さ位置に設定して配置されている。
Here, the
なお、前記第1,第2の極低温冷凍機3,4はGM冷凍機やパルス管冷凍機などの小型冷凍機であって、この構造,動作原理は周知でありここではその説明は省略するが、冷却ヘッド3a,4aは次記のように第1の極低温冷凍機3と第2の極低温冷凍機4とで異なる冷熱温度を発生するように設定して冷凍機を運転制御している。
The first and second cryogenic refrigerators 3 and 4 are small-sized refrigerators such as a GM refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator, and their structures and operating principles are well known, and the description thereof is omitted here. However, the
すなわち、第1の極低温冷凍機3は、大気圧下で極低温容器1に収容した液体窒素5を63K〜70Kの過冷却温度に保持するように冷却ヘッド3aの冷熱温度を設定して運転制御する。これに対して、第2の極低温冷凍機4は、その冷却ヘッド4aの冷熱温度を液体窒素の沸点に相当する77Kに設定して運転制御するようにしている。
That is, the first cryogenic refrigerator 3 is operated by setting the cooling temperature of the
上記の構成で、超電導機器2の稼働状態(運転,休止)に合わせて第1,第2の極低温冷凍機3,4を運転制御することにより、第1の極低温冷凍機3は、その冷凍能力で超電導機器1を浸漬した周囲の液体窒素5をその過冷却温度に冷却して超電導体2の熱負荷を効率よく除熱することができる。
With the above configuration, the first and second cryogenic refrigerators 3 and 4 are controlled by operating the first and second cryogenic refrigerators 3 and 4 in accordance with the operating state (operation and suspension) of the
一方、第2の極低温冷凍機4は、その冷凍能力で液面付近の液体窒素、および液面上のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスが77Kを維持するように冷却する。これにより、容器外方からの侵入熱によって液体窒素5が液面上から過度に蒸発するのを抑制するとともに、過剰な窒素ガスを凝縮して液体窒素に戻すことができる。したがって、容器外方からの侵入熱に起因して蒸発した窒素が極低温容器1から大気側に逸出して液体窒素が減量するのを防ぎ、当初に極低温容器1に収容した液体窒素5の液面レベルをメンテナンスフリーのままで長期に安定保持できる。
On the other hand, the second cryogenic refrigerator 4 cools so that liquid nitrogen in the vicinity of the liquid surface and nitrogen gas filling the gas space on the liquid surface maintain 77K by its refrigerating capacity. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the
次に、先記実施例1の構成に加えて、極低温容器1のガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスを略大気圧に保持する調整手段を追加装備したこの発明の請求項3,4に係わる実施例を図2に示す。 Next, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, according to claims 3 and 4 of the present invention, which is additionally equipped with adjusting means for maintaining the nitrogen gas filling the gas space of the cryogenic vessel 1 at substantially atmospheric pressure. An embodiment is shown in FIG.
すなわち、この実施例では前記調整手段として、極低温容器1のトップフランジ1aには、ガス空間を満たしている窒素ガスが大気圧より予め定めた圧力だけ上昇した際に、窒素ガスを容器外に放出する窒素ガス放出機構(安全弁)6と、前記とは逆にガス空間が大気圧より予め定めた圧力だけ下降した際に外部の窒素ガス供給源7aから窒素ガスを極低温容器1に補給する窒素ガス供給機構7をガス空間に追加装備している。なお、8は圧力計である。
That is, in this embodiment, as the adjusting means, when the nitrogen gas filling the gas space rises from the atmospheric pressure by a predetermined pressure to the
極低温容器1に前記調整手段を追加装備することにより、超電導機器の稼働中に大きな熱負荷変動が生じたり、極低温冷凍機の運転制御系に異常が生じたりして冷却装置の冷却制御機能が乱れ、このために液体窒素の蒸発量が増加したり、逆に窒素ガスの凝縮が過度になってガス空間の内圧が増減変化した場合でも、極低温容器1のガス空間を略大気圧に維持して外気侵入を防ぎ、装置の冷却運転を安全に継続することができる。 By installing the adjustment means in the cryogenic vessel 1, the cooling control function of the cooling device may occur due to large fluctuations in the thermal load during operation of the superconducting equipment or abnormalities in the operation control system of the cryogenic refrigerator. Therefore, even if the evaporation amount of liquid nitrogen increases or the internal pressure of the gas space increases or decreases due to excessive nitrogen gas condensation, the gas space of the cryogenic container 1 is brought to substantially atmospheric pressure. It can be maintained to prevent intrusion of outside air, and the cooling operation of the apparatus can be continued safely.
1:極低温容器
1a:トップフランジ
2:超電導体
3:第1の極低温冷凍機
4:第2の極低温冷凍機
3a,4a:冷却ヘッド
5:液体窒素
6:窒素ガス放出機構
7:窒素ガス供給機構
1:
Claims (4)
前記極低温容器に2台の極低温冷凍機を装備し、第1の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドを液体窒素の液面から離して液体窒素中に浸漬配置するとともに、第2の冷凍機はその冷却ヘッドの少なくとも一部を前記ガス空間に露呈させて液体窒素の液面近傍に配置したことを特徴とする超電導機器の冷却装置。 A cooling apparatus for superconducting equipment that contains liquid nitrogen in a cryogenic container maintained at a substantially atmospheric pressure and cools the superconducting equipment by immersing the high-temperature superconductor in liquid nitrogen, and the cryogenic container contains the cryogenic container. In what is equipped with a refrigerator and the liquid nitrogen stored in the container leaving a gas space on the liquid surface of the liquid nitrogen is cooled to a supercooling temperature under atmospheric pressure by the refrigerator,
The cryogenic container is equipped with two cryogenic refrigerators, the first refrigerator is placed in the liquid nitrogen so that its cooling head is separated from the liquid nitrogen surface, and the second refrigerator is A cooling apparatus for a superconducting device, wherein at least a part of a cooling head is exposed to the gas space and disposed near the liquid surface of liquid nitrogen.
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