JP2011080398A - Control device for electric supercharger - Google Patents
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- JP2011080398A JP2011080398A JP2009232478A JP2009232478A JP2011080398A JP 2011080398 A JP2011080398 A JP 2011080398A JP 2009232478 A JP2009232478 A JP 2009232478A JP 2009232478 A JP2009232478 A JP 2009232478A JP 2011080398 A JP2011080398 A JP 2011080398A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、車両に搭載された内燃機関の排気ガス若しくは電動機により駆動されて前記内燃機関への過給を行なう電動過給機の制御装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a control device for an electric supercharger that is driven by an exhaust gas or an electric motor of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle to supercharge the internal combustion engine.
自動車等の車両の低燃費を実現することを目的として、内燃機関の出力を増加させるために内燃機関の吸気通路上に電動機で駆動し得る電動過給機を設ける技術が知られている。この電動過給機は、内燃機関の排気ガスにより駆動されるタービンホイールを備えたタービンと、タービンホイールにより駆動されて内燃機関の吸気通路内の吸気を圧縮して内燃機関への過給を行なうコンプレッサホイールを備えたコンプレッサと、コンプレッサホイールを必要に応じて駆動し得る電動機とを備える。通常、その電動機は、タービンホイールとコンプレッサホイールの共通軸上に配設される。 For the purpose of realizing low fuel consumption of vehicles such as automobiles, a technique is known in which an electric supercharger that can be driven by an electric motor is provided on an intake passage of the internal combustion engine in order to increase the output of the internal combustion engine. This electric supercharger is provided with a turbine having a turbine wheel driven by exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and is supercharged to the internal combustion engine by compressing intake air in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine driven by the turbine wheel. A compressor including a compressor wheel and an electric motor capable of driving the compressor wheel as necessary are provided. Usually, the electric motor is arranged on a common shaft of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel.
このような電動過給機に於いて、内燃機関に過給が必要なときに内燃機関の排気ガスが不足して所望の過給圧が得られない場合や内燃機関の低回転時には、電動機によりコンプレッサを駆動するように制御され、又、内燃機関の排気ガスが十分に存在する場合には、排気ガスにより駆動されるタービンにより電動機を駆動して回生発電を行うように制御される。 In such an electric supercharger, when the internal combustion engine needs to be supercharged, when the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is insufficient and a desired supercharging pressure cannot be obtained, or when the internal combustion engine is running at a low speed, Control is performed to drive the compressor, and when there is a sufficient amount of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, control is performed so that regenerative power generation is performed by driving an electric motor by a turbine driven by the exhaust gas.
周知のように、過給機による過給により内燃機関の吸気量が増大し内燃機関の出力が向上するが、一方、内燃機関の動作点によっては、内燃機関が過給を必要としない場合でも、排気ガスによりタービンホイールが駆動され、コンプレッサホイールの回転により過給圧が高まることがある。しかしながら、このように高められた過給圧は、スロットルバルブにより吸気通路の流路を狭められることにより、後段のインテークマニホールド内の吸気圧力（以下、インマニ圧と称する）としては負圧となるように制御される。つまり、内燃機関が過給を必要としない場合に高められた過給圧は、不要な過給となるケースが多い。 As is well known, supercharging by the supercharger increases the intake amount of the internal combustion engine and improves the output of the internal combustion engine. However, depending on the operating point of the internal combustion engine, even if the internal combustion engine does not require supercharging, The turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas, and the supercharging pressure may be increased by the rotation of the compressor wheel. However, the boost pressure thus increased becomes a negative pressure as the intake pressure (hereinafter referred to as intake manifold pressure) in the intake manifold at the rear stage by narrowing the flow path of the intake passage by the throttle valve. Controlled. In other words, the boost pressure that is increased when the internal combustion engine does not require supercharging often becomes unnecessary supercharging.
そこで、従来、内燃機関の回転数とアクセル開度とにより決まる発電領域、若しくは過給圧が所定の過大過給圧設定値より大である場合は、電動過給機の電動機を発電機として動作させるようにした装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Therefore, conventionally, when the power generation region determined by the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and the accelerator opening, or when the supercharging pressure is larger than a predetermined excessive supercharging pressure set value, the electric supercharger motor operates as a generator. There has been proposed an apparatus that can be used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
又、従来、電動過給機の実回転数を検知し、その実回転数が目標回転を上回る場合は、電動過給機の電動機を発電機として動作させるようにした装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。 Conventionally, an apparatus has been proposed in which the actual rotational speed of the electric supercharger is detected and when the actual rotational speed exceeds the target rotation, the electric supercharger motor is operated as a generator (for example, , See Patent Document 2).
特許文献１に開示された従来の装置は、内燃機関の回転数とアクセル開度により決まる発電領域、若しくは過給圧が所定の過大過給圧設定値より大である場合に、電動過給機の電動機を発電機として動作させるため、タービンの仕事、つまりタービンの出力のうち、コンプレッサを駆動するためのコンプレッサ仕事を用いて電動機の回生発電を行なうものであり、それ以外のタービンの仕事は電動機の回生発電に利用されないという課題がある。 The conventional device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is an electric supercharger in a power generation region determined by the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine and an accelerator opening, or when a supercharging pressure is larger than a predetermined supercharging pressure setting value. In order to operate the motor of the motor as a generator, the turbine work, that is, the compressor work for driving the compressor out of the output of the turbine is used to perform regenerative power generation of the motor. There is a problem that it is not used for regenerative power generation.
又、特許文献２に開示された従来の装置は、電動過給機の実回転数を検知し、その実回転数が目標回転数を上回る場合に電動過給機の電動機を発電機として動作させるものであり、電動過給機の目標回転数は、最小空気流量と最小過給圧から計算されるパラメータであるため、特許文献１に開示された従来の装置の場合と同様に、タービンのコンプレッサ仕事以外の仕事が電動機の回生発電に利用されないという課題がある。 Further, the conventional device disclosed in Patent Document 2 detects the actual rotational speed of the electric supercharger, and operates the electric supercharger motor as a generator when the actual rotational speed exceeds the target rotational speed. Since the target rotational speed of the electric supercharger is a parameter calculated from the minimum air flow rate and the minimum supercharging pressure, the compressor work of the turbine is the same as in the case of the conventional device disclosed in Patent Document 1. There is a problem that other jobs are not used for regenerative power generation of electric motors.
この発明は、従来の装置に於ける前述の課題に鑑みてなされたもので、タービンのコンプレッサ仕事のみならずその他の仕事をも電動機の回生発電に用いるようにすることで、電動過給機に於ける電動機の最適な回生発電制御を行い得る電動過給機の制御装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the conventional apparatus. By using not only the compressor work of the turbine but also other work for the regenerative power generation of the electric motor, the electric supercharger can be used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device for an electric supercharger capable of performing optimal regenerative power generation control of the electric motor in the motor.
この発明による伝動過給機の制御装置は、
車両に搭載された内燃機関の排気通路内に設置され前記内燃機関の排気ガスにより駆動されるタービンホイールを有するタービンと、前記タービンホイールにシャフトを介して連結されたコンプレッサホイールが前記内燃機関の吸気通路内に設置されたコンプレッサと、前記シャフトに回転子が連結された電動機とを備え、前記タービンと前記電動機とのうちの少なくとも一方により前記コンプレッサを駆動して前記吸気通路内の吸気を圧縮して前記内燃機関への過給を行うと共に、必要に応じて前記タービンホイールにより前記電動機を駆動して発電を行うようにした電動過給機の制御装置であって、
前記コンプレッサにより圧縮された吸気が前記内燃機関へ過給される過給圧を検出する過給圧検出手段と、
前記電動過給機の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、
前記内燃機関のインテークマニホールド内の吸気圧力を検出するインマニ圧検出手段と、
前記タービンの出力を検出するタービン出力検出手段と、
前記タービンホイールを経由しないで前記排気ガスを流通させるバイパス通路を開閉するウェストゲートの開度を検出するウェストゲート開度検出手段と、
を備え、
前記過給圧検出手段により検出された過給圧と、前記回転数検出手段により検出された前記電動過給機の回転数と、前記インマニ圧検出手段により検出されたインマニ圧と、前記タービン出力検出手段により検出されたタービン出力と、前記ウェストゲート開度検出手段により検出されたウェストゲート開度とのうち、少なくとも何れか一つに基づいて前記電動機の発電量を制御するようにしたものである。
The control device for the transmission supercharger according to the present invention is:
A turbine having a turbine wheel installed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle and driven by exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and a compressor wheel connected to the turbine wheel via a shaft include an intake air of the internal combustion engine A compressor installed in the passage, and an electric motor having a rotor connected to the shaft, and the compressor is driven by at least one of the turbine and the electric motor to compress the intake air in the intake passage. A control device for the electric supercharger that performs supercharging to the internal combustion engine and generates electric power by driving the electric motor with the turbine wheel as necessary,
A supercharging pressure detecting means for detecting a supercharging pressure at which the intake air compressed by the compressor is supercharged to the internal combustion engine;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of the electric supercharger;
Intake manifold pressure detecting means for detecting intake pressure in the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine;
Turbine output detecting means for detecting the output of the turbine;
Wastegate opening degree detecting means for detecting the opening degree of the wastegate that opens and closes the bypass passage for circulating the exhaust gas without passing through the turbine wheel;
With
The supercharging pressure detected by the supercharging pressure detecting means, the rotational speed of the electric supercharger detected by the rotational speed detecting means, the intake manifold pressure detected by the intake manifold pressure detecting means, and the turbine output The power generation amount of the motor is controlled based on at least one of the turbine output detected by the detection means and the wastegate opening detected by the wastegate opening detection means. is there.
この発明による伝動過給機の制御装置によれば、コンプレッサにより圧縮された吸気が内燃機関へ過給される過給圧を検出する過給圧検出手段と、電動過給機の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、内燃機関のインテークマニホールド内の吸気圧力を検出するインマニ圧検出手段と、タービンの出力を検出するタービン出力検出手段と、タービンホイールを経由しないで前記排気ガスを流通させるバイパス通路を開閉するウェストゲートの開度を検出するウェストゲート開度検出手段とを備え、前記過給圧検出手段により検出された過給圧と、前記回転数検出手段により検出された前記電動過給機の回転数と、前記インマニ圧検出手段により検出されたインマニ圧と、前記タービン出力検出手段により検出されたタービン出力と、前記ウェストゲート開度検出手段により検出されたウェストゲート開度とのうち、少なくとも何れか一つに基づいて前記電動機の発電量を制御するようにしたので、電動過給機に於ける電動機の最適な発電制御が可能になる。 According to the transmission supercharger control device of the present invention, the supercharging pressure detecting means for detecting the supercharging pressure at which the intake air compressed by the compressor is supercharged to the internal combustion engine, and the rotational speed of the electric supercharger are detected. A rotational speed detecting means, an intake manifold pressure detecting means for detecting an intake pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, a turbine output detecting means for detecting an output of the turbine, and a bypass for circulating the exhaust gas without passing through a turbine wheel Wastegate opening degree detecting means for detecting the opening degree of the wastegate for opening and closing the passage, and the supercharging pressure detected by the supercharging pressure detecting means, and the electric supercharging detected by the rotation speed detecting means The rotational speed of the machine, the intake manifold pressure detected by the intake manifold pressure detection means, the turbine output detected by the turbine output detection means, and the waste Since the electric power generation amount of the electric motor is controlled based on at least one of the waste gate opening detected by the gate opening detecting means, the optimum electric power generation of the electric motor in the electric supercharger Control becomes possible.
実施の形態１．
以下、この発明の実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置を図に基づいて説明する。図１は、この発明の実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置を含むシステム全体を示す構成図である。図１に於いて、内燃機関１は、４気筒のガソリン内燃機関であり、電動過給機を用いてシリンダ内の吸気を過給することにより、高出力化と共に内燃機関の低排気量化による低燃費化を実現するものである。
Embodiment 1 FIG.
A control device for an electric supercharger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an entire system including a control device for an electric supercharger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine 1 is a four-cylinder gasoline internal combustion engine. By supercharging intake air in a cylinder using an electric supercharger, a high output and a low exhaust amount of the internal combustion engine are reduced. It realizes fuel efficiency.
尚、適用される内燃機関１に気筒数の制限はない。又、内燃機関１の燃焼方式についても制限はなく、シリンダ内に燃料を直接噴射する直噴内燃機関に適用されてもよいし、スロットルバルブ１１の下流側のインテークマニホールド１７に燃料を噴射するポート噴射方式の内燃機関に適用されてもよい。 The applied internal combustion engine 1 is not limited in the number of cylinders. Further, the combustion system of the internal combustion engine 1 is not limited, and may be applied to a direct injection internal combustion engine that directly injects fuel into the cylinder, or a port that injects fuel into the intake manifold 17 on the downstream side of the throttle valve 11. You may apply to the internal combustion engine of an injection system.
内燃機関１のシリンダ部２には、吸気通路３と排気通路４とが接続されている。又、吸気通路３と排気通路４との間には、電動過給機５が設けられている。電動過給機５は、内燃機関１の廃棄通路４内に設置されシリンダ部２に於ける各シリンダにて発生した排気ガスにより駆動されて回転するタービンホイール６を有するタービンと、タービンホイール６にシャフト７を介して連結され、タービンホイール６と同軸線上に配置されたコンプレッサホイール８を有するコンプレッサと、シャフト７に回転子が固定され、タービンホール６及びコンプレッサホイール８と同軸線上に配置された電動機９とを備えている。コンプレッサホール８は、内燃機関１の吸気通路３ないにせちされており、タービンホイール６によりシャフト７を解して駆動され吸気通路３内の吸気を圧縮する。 An intake passage 3 and an exhaust passage 4 are connected to the cylinder portion 2 of the internal combustion engine 1. An electric supercharger 5 is provided between the intake passage 3 and the exhaust passage 4. The electric supercharger 5 is installed in the waste passage 4 of the internal combustion engine 1 and has a turbine wheel 6 that rotates by being driven by exhaust gas generated in each cylinder in the cylinder portion 2. A compressor having a compressor wheel 8 connected via a shaft 7 and arranged coaxially with the turbine wheel 6, and a motor having a rotor fixed to the shaft 7 and arranged coaxially with the turbine hall 6 and the compressor wheel 8 9 and. The compressor hole 8 is provided without the intake passage 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 and is driven by the turbine wheel 6 through the shaft 7 to compress the intake air in the intake passage 3.
電動過給機５は、内燃機関１のシリンダ部２で発生した排気ガス、又は電動機９の回転駆動により、吸気通路３を通ってシリンダ内に吸入される吸気を過給する。尚、電動過給機５は、内燃機関１の低回転時には電動機９の回転駆動により吸気を過給し、内燃機関１の高回転時には排気ガスにより吸気を過給することを基本とするが、内燃機関１の回転数によらず電動機９の回転駆動による過給と排気ガスエネルギーによる過給を重畳するようにしてもよい。 The electric supercharger 5 supercharges the exhaust gas generated in the cylinder portion 2 of the internal combustion engine 1 or the intake air sucked into the cylinder through the intake passage 3 by the rotational drive of the electric motor 9. The electric supercharger 5 basically supercharges intake air by rotating the electric motor 9 when the internal combustion engine 1 rotates at low speed, and supercharges intake air by exhaust gas when the internal combustion engine 1 rotates at high speed. Regardless of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 1, supercharging by rotational driving of the electric motor 9 and supercharging by exhaust gas energy may be superimposed.
吸気通路３の下流側には、吸気を冷却するインタークーラ１０が設けられ、インタークーラ１０の下流側には、吸気通路３を流れる吸気の流量を調節するスロットルバルブ１１が設けられている。スロットルバルブ１１には、スロットルバルブ１１を開閉駆動するスロットルバルブアクチュエータ１２と実際のスロットルバルブの開度を検出するスロットルバルブセンサ１３が取り付けられている。 An intercooler 10 that cools intake air is provided on the downstream side of the intake passage 3, and a throttle valve 11 that adjusts the flow rate of intake air flowing through the intake passage 3 is provided on the downstream side of the intercooler 10. A throttle valve actuator 12 that opens and closes the throttle valve 11 and a throttle valve sensor 13 that detects the actual opening of the throttle valve are attached to the throttle valve 11.
吸気通路３のスロットルバルブ１１よりも下流側は、インテークマニホールド１７を形成しており、内燃機関１のシリンダ部２の各シリンダに応じて分岐している。排気通路４の上流側は、エギゾーストマニホールド１８を形成しており、シリンダ部２の各シリンダに応じて分岐している。排気通路４には、タービンホイール６を経由しないで前記排気ガスを流通させるバイパス通路２１を開閉するウェストゲートバルブ１５と、ウェストゲートバルブ１５を開閉駆動するウェストゲートバルブアクチュエータ１４が取り付けられている。 An intake manifold 17 is formed downstream of the throttle valve 11 in the intake passage 3 and branches according to each cylinder of the cylinder portion 2 of the internal combustion engine 1. An exhaust manifold 18 is formed on the upstream side of the exhaust passage 4 and branches according to each cylinder of the cylinder portion 2. A waste gate valve 15 that opens and closes a bypass passage 21 through which the exhaust gas flows without passing through the turbine wheel 6 and a waste gate valve actuator 14 that opens and closes the waste gate valve 15 are attached to the exhaust passage 4.
ここで、内燃機関１の吸気通路３に取り込まれた吸気が排気通路４から大気へ排出されるまでの流れについて説明する。先ず、大気中から吸気通路３に取り込まれた吸気は、エアクリーナ（図示せず）によって塵埃が除去される。続いて、塵埃が除去された吸気は電動過給機５のコンプレッサホイール８の回転により圧縮される。 Here, the flow until the intake air taken into the intake passage 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 is discharged from the exhaust passage 4 to the atmosphere will be described. First, dust is removed from the intake air taken into the intake passage 3 from the atmosphere by an air cleaner (not shown). Subsequently, the intake air from which the dust has been removed is compressed by the rotation of the compressor wheel 8 of the electric supercharger 5.
次に、圧縮された吸気は、圧力上昇によって温度が上昇し膨張するため、内燃機関１の吸気充填効率を向上させるためにインタークーラ１０により冷却される。続いて、冷却された吸気は、スロットルバルブアクチュエータ１２により駆動されるスロットルバルブ１１の開度に応じて流量が調節され、ポート噴射内燃機関の場合は燃料が混合されて、シリンダ部２の各シリンダ内に吸入される。 Next, the compressed intake air rises in temperature and expands due to an increase in pressure, and is therefore cooled by the intercooler 10 in order to improve the intake charge efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1. Subsequently, the flow rate of the cooled intake air is adjusted according to the opening degree of the throttle valve 11 driven by the throttle valve actuator 12, and in the case of a port injection internal combustion engine, fuel is mixed and each cylinder of the cylinder portion 2 is mixed. Inhaled.
次に、シリンダ内に吸入された混合気は点火装置（図示せず）により着火され、シリンダ内のピストン（図示せず）が押し下げられる。続いて、クランク軸（図示せず）によりピストンの上下運動が回転運動に変換され、車両を推進させる動力として利用される。 Next, the air-fuel mixture sucked into the cylinder is ignited by an ignition device (not shown), and a piston (not shown) in the cylinder is pushed down. Subsequently, the vertical movement of the piston is converted into a rotational movement by a crankshaft (not shown), which is used as power for propelling the vehicle.
又、クランク軸はベルト２４を介して発電機２３に連結されており、発電機２３はベルト２４を介して内燃機関１の動力を受けて駆動され発電を行う。発電機２３で発電された電力は、バッテリー２２に充電され、電動過給機５や他の車載機器（図示せず）等の電力が必要なデバイスに対して電力供給を行う。 The crankshaft is connected to a generator 23 via a belt 24, and the generator 23 is driven by the power of the internal combustion engine 1 via the belt 24 to generate power. The electric power generated by the generator 23 is charged in the battery 22, and power is supplied to devices that require electric power, such as the electric supercharger 5 and other in-vehicle devices (not shown).
シリンダ内での燃焼によって発生した排気ガスは、エギゾーストマニホールド１８を介して排出される。続いて、シリンダ内から排出された排気ガスは、ウェストゲートバルブ１５が閉じている場合は、電動過給機５のタービンホイール６を通り、タービンホイール６を回転させる。排気ガスは、ウェストゲートバルブ１５が開いている場合は、バイパス通路２１に導かれる。タービンホイール６を回転させた排気ガスとバイパス２１を流れた排気ガスは合流し、排気ガス浄化触媒等が一体化されたマフラー（図示せず）により浄化され、排気通路４から大気中に排出される。タービンの出力は、タービンホイール６に流れる排気ガスの量をウェストゲートバルブ１５の開度を制御することにより制御可能である。 Exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the cylinder is discharged through the exhaust manifold 18. Subsequently, the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder passes through the turbine wheel 6 of the electric supercharger 5 and rotates the turbine wheel 6 when the wastegate valve 15 is closed. The exhaust gas is guided to the bypass passage 21 when the wastegate valve 15 is open. The exhaust gas that has rotated the turbine wheel 6 and the exhaust gas that has flowed through the bypass 21 merge, and are purified by a muffler (not shown) integrated with an exhaust gas purification catalyst and the like, and discharged from the exhaust passage 4 into the atmosphere. The The output of the turbine can be controlled by controlling the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the turbine wheel 6 by opening the waste gate valve 15.
尚、内燃機関１が過給を不要としており、且つ、ある程度排気ガスが流れてタービンホイール６が回転する場合は、電動機９によるアシストのみならず、排気ガスによるタービンホイール６の駆動エネルギーを用いて電動機９により回生発電するようにしてもよい。回生発電された電力は、バッテリ２２を充電する。 In addition, when the internal combustion engine 1 does not require supercharging and the exhaust gas flows to some extent and the turbine wheel 6 rotates, not only the assist by the electric motor 9 but also the driving energy of the turbine wheel 6 by the exhaust gas is used. Regenerative power generation may be performed by the electric motor 9. The regenerated electric power charges the battery 22.
車両制御装置２０には、スロットルバルブアクチュエータ１２、スロットルポジションセンサ１３、過給圧センサ１６、ウェストゲートバルブアクチュエータ１４、バッテリ２２、発電機２３、エアーフローセンサ２５、吸気温センサ２６、過給温センサ２７、インマニ圧センサ２８、ウェストゲートバルブセンサ２９が接続されている。 The vehicle control device 20 includes a throttle valve actuator 12, a throttle position sensor 13, a supercharging pressure sensor 16, a wastegate valve actuator 14, a battery 22, a generator 23, an air flow sensor 25, an intake air temperature sensor 26, and a supercharging temperature sensor. 27, an intake manifold pressure sensor 28, and a waste gate valve sensor 29 are connected.
車両制御装置２０は、バッテリ２２からその充電状態と車両に於ける電力消費量を取得し、発電機２３から発電量を取得し、過給圧センサ１６から過給圧を取得し、エアーフローセンサ２５から吸気流量を取得し、吸気温センサ２６から吸気温度を取得し、過給温センサ２７から過給温度を取得し、インマニ圧センサ２８からインマニ圧を取得し、スロットルポジションセンサ１３からスロットルバルブ開度を取得する。そして、車両制御装置２０は、スロットルバルブアクチュエータ１２にスロットルバルブ１１の開度を制御する指令を出力すると共に、ウェストゲートバルブアクチュエータ１４にウェストゲートバルブ１５の開度を制御する指令を出力する。 The vehicle control device 20 acquires the state of charge and power consumption in the vehicle from the battery 22, acquires the power generation amount from the generator 23, acquires the supercharging pressure from the supercharging pressure sensor 16, and the air flow sensor 25, the intake air flow rate is acquired from the intake air temperature sensor 26, the supercharging temperature is acquired from the supercharging temperature sensor 27, the intake manifold pressure is acquired from the intake manifold pressure sensor 28, and the throttle valve is acquired from the throttle position sensor 13. Get the opening. The vehicle control device 20 outputs a command for controlling the opening degree of the throttle valve 11 to the throttle valve actuator 12 and outputs a command for controlling the opening degree of the waste gate valve 15 to the waste gate valve actuator 14.
電動過給機制御装置１９には電動過給機５の電動機９の端子が接続され、電動機９の動作状態を示す信号、例えば固定子巻線の電圧若しくは電流等の電気量から電動機９の回転数、即ち電動過給機５の回転数を取得する回転数検出手段を備える。又、電動過給機制御装置１９には車両制御装置２０が接続され、車両制御装置２０から吸気流量と車両の消費電力と過給圧とインマニ圧とスロットルバルブ開度を取得する。前述の回転数検出手段は
電動機９の回転速度を検出するともいえるが、回転数と回転速度とは比例関係にあり、以下の説明では、回転数と回転速度を総称して回転数と称する。
The electric supercharger control device 19 is connected to a terminal of the electric motor 9 of the electric supercharger 5, and the rotation of the electric motor 9 is determined from a signal indicating the operating state of the electric motor 9, for example, an electric quantity such as voltage or current of the stator winding. Rotational speed detection means for obtaining the number, that is, the rotational speed of the electric supercharger 5 is provided. In addition, a vehicle control device 20 is connected to the electric supercharger control device 19, and the intake air flow rate, vehicle power consumption, supercharging pressure, intake manifold pressure, and throttle valve opening are acquired from the vehicle control device 20. Although it can be said that the above-mentioned rotation speed detection means detects the rotation speed of the electric motor 9, the rotation speed and the rotation speed are in a proportional relationship. In the following description, the rotation speed and the rotation speed are collectively referred to as the rotation speed.
次に、電動過給機制御装置１９について説明する。図２は、この発明の実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置に於ける電動過給機制御装置の構成及び動作を説明するブロック図である。図２に示す電動過給機制御装置１９のルーチンは、電動機９の通電状態に於いてのみ実施され、電動機９の通電状態に於いて、所定の短時間毎に繰り返し実行される。 Next, the electric supercharger control device 19 will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration and operation of the electric supercharger control device in the electric supercharger control device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The routine of the electric supercharger control device 19 shown in FIG. 2 is executed only in the energized state of the electric motor 9, and is repeatedly executed every predetermined short time in the energized state of the electric motor 9.
図２に於いて、コンプレッサ仕事算出手段３２は、エアーフローセンサ２５から得られる空気流量Gと、吸気温センサ２６と過給温センサ２７から得られる吸気温度と過給温度との差分であるΔTと、空気の定圧比熱定数Cpとに基づき、コンプレッサ仕事Pcompressorを次式（１）により算出する。この算出されるコンプレッサ仕事Pcompressorは、つまりタービンの出力に相当し、コンプレッサ仕事算出手段３２はこの発明に於けるタービン出力検出手段に相当する。
Pcompressor＝G×Cp×ΔT （１）
In FIG. 2, the compressor work calculation means 32 is the difference between the air flow rate G obtained from the air flow sensor 25, the intake air temperature obtained from the intake air temperature sensor 26 and the supercharging temperature sensor 27, and the supercharging temperature. And the compressor work Pcompressor is calculated by the following equation (1) based on the constant pressure specific heat constant Cp of the air. The calculated compressor work Pcompressor corresponds to the turbine output, and the compressor work calculation means 32 corresponds to the turbine output detection means in the present invention.
Pcompressor = G × Cp × ΔT (1)
慣性仕事算出手段３３は、タービンホイール６とシャフト７とコンプレッサホイール８と電動機9とからなる電動過給機５の回転部の慣性（イナーシャ）Jと、電動機９の回転数ｎと、電動機の回転加速度ωとに基づき、慣性仕事Pinertiaを次式（２）により算出する。
Pinertia＝J×ｎ×ω （２）
The inertia work calculation means 33 includes an inertia (inertia) J of the rotating part of the electric supercharger 5 composed of the turbine wheel 6, the shaft 7, the compressor wheel 8 and the electric motor 9, the rotational speed n of the electric motor 9, and the rotation of the electric motor. Based on the acceleration ω, the inertia work Pinertia is calculated by the following equation (2).
Pinertia ＝ J × n × ω (2)
摩擦仕事算出手段３４は、シャフト７に発生する摩擦力であって回転数ｎによらず一定である一定成分Mfrict_constと、回転数ｎによって変化する変化成分Mfric_damp（ｎ）と、電動機９の回転数ｎに基づき、摩擦仕事Pfrictを次式（３）により算出する。
Pfrict＝（Mfrict_const＋Mfric_damp (ｎ)）×ｎ （３）
The friction work calculation means 34 is a constant component Mfrict_const that is a frictional force generated in the shaft 7 and is constant regardless of the rotation speed n, a change component Mfric_damp (n) that changes depending on the rotation speed n, and the rotation speed of the motor 9. Based on n, the friction work Pfrict is calculated by the following equation (3).
Pfrict = (Mfrict_const + Mfric_damp (n)) × n (3)
ここで、スロットル開度とタービンの仕事との関係について説明する。図３は、この発明の実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置に於けるタービンの仕事の一例を示す説明図である。図３に於いて、縦軸はタービンの仕事（W）、横軸は時間（t）を示す。図３に示すように、スロットルが開かれることによりタービン仕事が増大し、タービン仕事は、過給に使われるコンプレッサ仕事と、ターボチャージャを加速回転させる慣性仕事と、シャフトに発生する摩擦仕事とに使われる。これらをすべての仕事を合算することでタービン仕事、つまりタービン出力を算出することができる。 Here, the relationship between the throttle opening and the work of the turbine will be described. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the work of the turbine in the control device for the electric supercharger according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis indicates the work (W) of the turbine, and the horizontal axis indicates time (t). As shown in FIG. 3, when the throttle is opened, the turbine work increases, and the turbine work is divided into a compressor work used for supercharging, an inertia work for accelerating and rotating the turbocharger, and a friction work generated on the shaft. used. The turbine work, that is, the turbine output can be calculated by adding all these works.
図２に於いて、仕事加算手段３９は、コンプレッサ仕事算出手段３２と慣性仕事算出手段３３と摩擦仕事算出手段３４により夫々算出した前述の各仕事を加算してタービン仕事を得る。 In FIG. 2, a work adding means 39 adds the above-mentioned respective works calculated by the compressor work calculating means 32, the inertia work calculating means 33, and the friction work calculating means 34 to obtain turbine work.
不感帯手段４０は、一定量以上の仕事がない場合は発電を行なわない制御とするための不感帯を設定する。不感帯の幅は、タービンホイール６及びコンプレッサホイール８が吸気抵抗とならずに最低限回転するために必要な仕事量に対応した幅であり、電動過給機５の回転数に応じて変化する。例えば、電動過給機５の回転数が上昇すればするほど、タービンホイール６の回転に使われる仕事は大きくなるため、不感帯の幅も大きくなる。不感帯ブロック４０には、仕事加算手段３９からのタービン仕事が入力される。 The dead zone means 40 sets a dead zone for controlling not to generate power when there is no work exceeding a certain amount. The width of the dead zone is a width corresponding to the work amount necessary for the turbine wheel 6 and the compressor wheel 8 to rotate at a minimum without causing the intake resistance, and varies depending on the rotation speed of the electric supercharger 5. For example, as the rotational speed of the electric supercharger 5 increases, the work used for the rotation of the turbine wheel 6 increases, so the width of the dead zone increases. Turbine work from the work addition means 39 is input to the dead zone block 40.
過給圧検出手段３０は、過給圧センサ１６の出力に基づいて過給圧の検出を行なう。インマニ圧検出手段３１は、インマニ圧センサ２８の出力に基づいてインマニ圧の検出を行なう。減算手段３６は、過給圧検出手段３０からの過給圧から、インマニ圧検出手段３１からのインマニ圧を減算し、過給圧とインマニ圧の差圧を算出する。過給圧とインマニ圧の差が大きいほど、過給圧を下げる事が可能になる。そこで、後述するように電動機９による回生発電を大きくするために、減算手段３６により過給圧とインマニ圧の差圧を求める。 The supercharging pressure detection means 30 detects the supercharging pressure based on the output of the supercharging pressure sensor 16. The intake manifold pressure detection means 31 detects the intake manifold pressure based on the output of the intake manifold pressure sensor 28. The subtracting means 36 subtracts the intake manifold pressure from the intake manifold pressure detection means 31 from the boost pressure from the boost pressure detection means 30 to calculate a differential pressure between the boost pressure and the intake manifold pressure. The larger the difference between the supercharging pressure and the intake manifold pressure, the lower the supercharging pressure can be. Therefore, as will be described later, in order to increase the regenerative power generation by the electric motor 9, the subtracting means 36 obtains the differential pressure between the supercharging pressure and the intake manifold pressure.
ゲイン手段３７は、減算手段３６から入力される過給圧とインマニ圧の差圧にゲインを乗算する。第１の閾値手段３８は、ゲイン手段３７のゲインを制限するために設けられており、ゲイン手段３７からの入力が所定の絶対値以上のときに所定値に制限する。ウェストゲート開度検出手段３５は、ウェストゲートバルブセンサ２９の出力に基づいてウェストゲート開度の検出を行なう。 The gain unit 37 multiplies the differential pressure between the supercharging pressure and the intake manifold pressure input from the subtracting unit 36 by a gain. The first threshold means 38 is provided to limit the gain of the gain means 37, and restricts to a predetermined value when the input from the gain means 37 is greater than or equal to a predetermined absolute value. The wastegate opening degree detection means 35 detects the wastegate opening degree based on the output of the wastegate valve sensor 29.
演算手段４１は、不感帯手段４０を通過したタービン仕事と、第１の閾値手段３８からの過給圧とインマニ圧の差圧との乗算を行い、且つウェストゲート開度検出手段３５からのウェストゲート開度による除算を行なう。この演算により、タービン仕事から回生発電制御が可能な回生量が算出される。 The calculation means 41 multiplies the turbine work that has passed through the dead zone means 40 by the supercharging pressure from the first threshold means 38 and the differential pressure between the intake manifold pressures, and the wastegate from the wastegate opening degree detection means 35. Divide by opening. By this calculation, a regenerative amount capable of regenerative power generation control is calculated from the turbine work.
第２の閾値手段４２は、回生発電制御が可能な回生量に制限を設けるために設けられており、その制限値はバッテリ２２への充電可能電力や電動過給機制御装置１９等の発熱量を考慮されて設定さられている。演算手段４１の算出値がこの第２の閾値手段４２を通過したのち、その通過した値に基づいて発電制御量４３が求められる。この発電制御量４３は、電動機９に発電制御指令値として与えられる。 The second threshold means 42 is provided to limit the amount of regeneration that can be subjected to regenerative power generation control, and the limit value is the amount of heat that can be charged to the battery 22, the amount of heat generated by the electric supercharger control device 19, etc. Is set in consideration. After the calculated value of the calculating means 41 passes through the second threshold means 42, the power generation control amount 43 is obtained based on the passed value. The power generation control amount 43 is given to the electric motor 9 as a power generation control command value.
以上のように構成されたこの発明の実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置に於いて、電動過給機５の電動機９は、電動過給機５のコンプレッサ仕事と慣性仕事と摩擦仕事とを合計した仕事であるタービン仕事即ちタービン出力と、インマニ圧と過給圧との差圧、及びウェストゲート開度と、電動過給機の回転数とのうちの少なくとも一つに応じた回生発電量となるように、電動過給機制御装置１９からの発電制御指令値４３に基づいて制御される。その結果、排気ガスエネルギーを効果的に回生して電力を発生する事が可能になる。 In the control apparatus for the electric supercharger according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the electric motor 9 of the electric supercharger 5 includes the compressor work, inertia work and friction work of the electric supercharger 5. Of the turbine output, that is, the turbine output, the differential pressure between the intake manifold pressure and the supercharging pressure, the wastegate opening degree, and the regeneration according to at least one of the rotational speeds of the electric supercharger. The electric power generation amount is controlled based on the electric power generation control command value 43 from the electric supercharger control device 19 so that the electric power generation amount is obtained. As a result, the exhaust gas energy can be effectively regenerated to generate electric power.
実施の形態２．
前述の実施の形態１では、電動過給機５のタービン仕事のみに着目して回生発電を行なうようにしたが、実施の形態２による電動過給機の制御装置は、実施の形態１の構成に加えて、バッテリー２２の充電状態を検出するバッテリー充電状態検出手段と、車両の消費電力を検出する消費電力検出手段とを設け、バッテリー充電状態検出手段により検出したバッテリーの充電状態と消費電力検出手段により検出した車両の消費電力とのうちの少なくとも一方に基づいて、電動過給機５の電動機９による回生発電量を変更し得るように構成したものである。その他の構成及び動作は、実施の形態１の場合と同様である。
Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment described above, regenerative power generation is performed focusing only on the turbine work of the electric supercharger 5, but the control device for the electric supercharger according to the second embodiment is configured as in the first embodiment. In addition, battery charge state detection means for detecting the charge state of the battery 22 and power consumption detection means for detecting power consumption of the vehicle are provided, and the battery charge state and power consumption detection detected by the battery charge state detection means are provided. The regenerative power generation amount by the electric motor 9 of the electric supercharger 5 can be changed based on at least one of the vehicle power consumption detected by the means. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
実施の形態２による電動過給機の制御装置によれば、実施の形態１による電動機９の回生発電制御に加えて、バッテリー２２の充電状態、或いは車両の消費電力に応じて回生発電を行なうことで、バッテリー２２の充電量が少ない場合や電気負荷が高い場合に、より効率的な発電が可能になる。 According to the control device for the electric supercharger according to the second embodiment, in addition to the regenerative power generation control of the electric motor 9 according to the first embodiment, the regenerative power generation is performed according to the state of charge of the battery 22 or the power consumption of the vehicle. Thus, more efficient power generation becomes possible when the amount of charge of the battery 22 is small or the electrical load is high.
実施の形態３．
実施の形態３による電動過給機の制御装置は、実施の形態１による電動過給機の制御装置、又は実施の形態２による電動過給機の制御装置の構成に加えて、内燃機関２の動力を用いて発電機２３により発電させた場合に必要な内燃機関１の出力と電動過給機５の回生発電によって減ぜられる内燃機関１の出力とを比較する内燃機関出力比較手段を設け、この内燃機関出力比較手段による前述の内燃機関１の出力の比較の結果、電動過給機５による回生発電の方が効率がよいと判断される場合には、電動過給機５による回生発電を積極的に行うように構成したものである。つまり、この実施の形態３による電動過給機の制御装置は、電動過給機の電動機の発電量の制御を、電動過給機の電動機以外の他の発電手段である発電機２３の出力状態に応じて行うことを特徴としている。
Embodiment 3 FIG.
In addition to the configuration of the electric supercharger control device according to the first embodiment or the configuration of the electric supercharger control device according to the second embodiment, the control device for the electric supercharger according to the third embodiment includes: An internal combustion engine output comparing means for comparing the output of the internal combustion engine 1 required when power is generated by the power generator 23 with the output of the internal combustion engine 1 reduced by regenerative power generation of the electric supercharger 5; As a result of the comparison of the output of the internal combustion engine 1 by the internal combustion engine output comparison means, if it is determined that the regenerative power generation by the electric supercharger 5 is more efficient, the regenerative power generation by the electric supercharger 5 is performed. It is configured to be actively performed. That is, the control device for the electric supercharger according to the third embodiment controls the amount of electric power generated by the electric motor of the electric supercharger in the output state of the generator 23 that is another electric power generation means other than the electric motor of the electric supercharger. It is characterized by being performed according to.
その他の構成及び動作は、実施の形態１又は実施の形態２の場合と同様である。 Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
実施の形態３による電動過給機の制御装置によれば、従来は排気ガスとして放出していた排気エネルギーを用いて電動過給機による最適な発電を行うことができ、内燃機関の出力を用いて動作する既存の発電機による発電を抑え、車両の燃費性能を向上させることが可能になる。 According to the control device for the electric supercharger according to the third embodiment, it is possible to perform optimal power generation by the electric supercharger using the exhaust energy that has conventionally been released as the exhaust gas, and use the output of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle by suppressing the power generation by the existing generator operating.
実施の形態４．
実施の形態４による電動過給機の制御装置は、前述の実施の形態１乃至３のうち何れかの電動過給機の制御装置の構成に、電動過給機５の後段或いは前段に機械式過給機を更に備えた、所謂、ツインチャージャーの構成を備えるものである。その他の構成及び動作は、前述の実施の形態１乃至３のうち何れかの電動過給機の制御装置と同様である。
Embodiment 4 FIG.
The control device for the electric supercharger according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the control device for the electric supercharger according to any one of the first to third embodiments described above, and is mechanical at the rear stage or the front stage of the electric supercharger 5. It has a so-called twin charger configuration further provided with a supercharger. Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the control device for the electric supercharger in any of the first to third embodiments.
実施の形態４による電動過給機の制御装置によれば、更に効率的な電動過給機の制御を行なうことができる。 According to the control device for the electric supercharger according to the fourth embodiment, the electric supercharger can be controlled more efficiently.
実施の形態５．
前述の実施の形態１乃至実施の形態４では、電動過給機制御装置１９と車両制御装置２０とを別々に構成したが、実施の形態５による電動過給機の制御装置は、車両制御装置２０に前述の実施の形態１乃至実施の形態４のうち何れかの実施の形態に於ける電動過給機の制御機能を集約し、電動過給機制御装置１９を電動機９を駆動する単純なドライバとして機能させるようにしたものである。この場合も、上記実施の形態１乃至４と同様の効果を得ることができる。その他の構成及び動作は、前述の実施の形態１乃至４のうち何れかの電動過給機の制御装置と同様である。
Embodiment 5 FIG.
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the electric supercharger control device 19 and the vehicle control device 20 are configured separately, but the control device for the electric supercharger according to the fifth embodiment is a vehicle control device. 20 summarizes the control function of the electric supercharger in any one of the first to fourth embodiments, and the electric supercharger control device 19 drives the electric motor 9 simply. It is designed to function as a driver. Also in this case, the same effect as in the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained. Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the control device for the electric supercharger in any of the first to fourth embodiments.
尚、この発明は、これらの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の精神の範囲内に於いて、その他の種々の実施の形態をとり得ることが可能である。 The present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various other embodiments can be taken within the spirit of the present invention.
１ 内燃機関 ２ 燃機関
３ 吸気通路 ４ 排気通路
５ 電動過給機 ６ タービンホイール
７ シャフト ８ コンプレッサホイール
９ 電動機 １０ インタークーラ
１１ スロットルバルブ １２ スロットルバルブアクチュエータ
１３ スロットルポジションセンサ
１４ ウェストゲートバルブアクチュエータ
１５ ウェストゲートバルブ １６ 過給圧センサ
１７ インテークマニホールド １８ エギゾーストマニホールド
１９ 電動過給機制御装置 ２０ 車両制御装置
２１ バイパス通路 ２２ バッテリ
２３ 発電機 ２４ ベルト
２５ エアーフローセンサ ２６ 吸気温センサ
２７ 過給温センサ ２８ インマニ圧センサ
２９ ウェストゲートバルブセンサ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Internal combustion engine 2 Fuel engine 3 Intake passage 4 Exhaust passage 5 Electric supercharger 6 Turbine wheel 7 Shaft 8 Compressor wheel 9 Electric motor 10 Intercooler 11 Throttle valve 12 Throttle valve actuator 13 Throttle position sensor
14 Wastegate valve actuator 15 Wastegate valve 16 Supercharging pressure sensor 17 Intake manifold 18 Exhaust manifold 19 Electric supercharger control device 20 Vehicle control device 21 Bypass passage 22 Battery 23 Generator 24 Belt 25 Air flow sensor 26 Intake air temperature sensor 27 Supercharging temperature sensor 28 Intake manifold pressure sensor 29 Wastegate valve sensor
Claims (6)
前記コンプレッサにより圧縮された吸気が前記内燃機関へ過給される過給圧を検出する過給圧検出手段と、
前記電動過給機の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、
前記内燃機関のインテークマニホールド内の吸気圧力を検出するインマニ圧検出手段と、
前記タービンの出力を検出するタービン出力検出手段と、
前記タービンホイールを経由しないで前記排気ガスを流通させるバイパス通路を開閉するウェストゲートの開度を検出するウェストゲート開度検出手段と、
を備え、
前記過給圧検出手段により検出された過給圧と、前記回転数検出手段により検出された前記電動過給機の回転数と、前記インマニ圧検出手段により検出されたインマニ圧と、前記タービン出力検出手段により検出されたタービン出力と、前記ウェストゲート開度検出手段により検出されたウェストゲート開度とのうち、少なくとも何れか一つに基づいて前記電動機の発電量を制御することを特徴とする電動過給機の制御装置。 A turbine having a turbine wheel installed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle and driven by exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and a compressor wheel connected to the turbine wheel via a shaft include an intake air of the internal combustion engine A compressor installed in the passage, and an electric motor having a rotor connected to the shaft, and the compressor is driven by at least one of the turbine and the electric motor to compress the intake air in the intake passage. A control device for an electric supercharger that performs supercharging to the internal combustion engine and generates electric power by driving the electric motor with the turbine wheel as necessary,
A supercharging pressure detecting means for detecting a supercharging pressure at which the intake air compressed by the compressor is supercharged to the internal combustion engine;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of the electric supercharger;
Intake manifold pressure detecting means for detecting intake pressure in the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine;
Turbine output detecting means for detecting the output of the turbine;
Wastegate opening degree detecting means for detecting the opening degree of the wastegate that opens and closes the bypass passage for circulating the exhaust gas without passing through the turbine wheel;
With
The supercharging pressure detected by the supercharging pressure detection means, the rotation speed of the electric supercharger detected by the rotation speed detection means, the intake manifold pressure detected by the intake manifold pressure detection means, and the turbine output The power generation amount of the electric motor is controlled based on at least one of the turbine output detected by the detecting means and the wastegate opening detected by the wastegate opening detecting means. Electric supercharger control device.
前記電動機の発電量の制御は、前記バッテリーの充電状態と前記車載機器の消費電力とのうちの少なくとも一方を用いて行われることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のうち何れか一項に記載の電動過給機の制御装置。 The vehicle includes an in-vehicle device that receives power supply from a battery that is charged by power generation of the electric motor,
5. The control of the electric power generation amount of the electric motor is performed using at least one of a state of charge of the battery and power consumption of the in-vehicle device. 6. Electric supercharger control device.
前記電動機の発電量の制御は、前記他の発電手段の出力状態に応じて行なわれることを特徴とする請求項１乃至５のうち何れか一項に記載の電動過給機の制御装置。 The vehicle includes other power generation means that can charge the battery,
The control device for the electric supercharger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electric power generation amount of the electric motor is controlled according to an output state of the other electric power generation means.
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