JP2011061933A - Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine that performs either inductor operation or synchronizer operation, and reduces power consumption by improving total efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: Each magnet magnetic pole 5 of the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine includes a stator having an armature coil provided in a stator core, and a rotor 1 having a rotor core 2 and a movable magnetic force magnet 3 and a fixed magnetic force magnet 4, 4 which are provided on the rotor core 2. Copper bars 7 are disposed near to the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core 2. When the rotor 1 is started, the amount of interlinkage flux of the permanent magnet is reduced, and a rotation magnetic field generated by a current applied to the coil of the stator and the rotor are asynchronously started by a torque generated by an induction current applied to the copper bars 7 of the rotor 1. After the activation, the amount of interlinkage flux of the permanent magnet is increased, and the rotation magnetic field generated by the current applied to the coil of the stator and the rotor are synchronously started by the torque generated by the permanent magnet and the current. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, two or more types of permanent magnets are used, and the amount of magnetic flux of at least one of the permanent magnets is irreversibly changed to perform either the induction machine operation or the synchronous machine operation. The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.

  In a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a permanent magnet is built in a rotor, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is always generated with a constant strength, so that the induced voltage by the permanent magnet increases in proportion to the rotational speed. Therefore, when variable speed operation is performed from low speed to high speed, the induced voltage (back electromotive voltage) by the permanent magnet becomes extremely high at high speed rotation. When the induced voltage by the permanent magnet is applied to the electronic component of the inverter and exceeds its withstand voltage, the electronic component breaks down. In order to prevent this, it may be possible to design the permanent magnet so that the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is less than the withstand voltage, but in that case the output and efficiency in the low speed range of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine will be reduced. To do.

  When performing variable speed operation close to constant output from low speed to high speed, the flux linkage of the permanent magnet is constant, so the rotating electrical machine voltage reaches the upper limit of the power supply voltage in the high-speed rotation range and the current required for output does not flow. . As a result, the output is greatly reduced in the high-speed rotation region, and further, it cannot be driven in a wide range up to the high-speed rotation.

  Therefore, in the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, the flux-weakening control is applied to expand the variable speed range. That is, the total amount of interlinkage magnetic flux on the d-axis of the armature winding is composed of the magnetic flux due to the d-axis current and the magnetic flux due to the permanent magnet. In the flux weakening control, a magnetic flux is generated by a negative d-axis current, and the total flux linkage is reduced by the magnetic flux by the negative d-axis current. In the flux weakening control, the operating point of the magnetic characteristics (BH characteristics) of the permanent magnet changes within a reversible range. For this reason, the NdFeB magnet having a high coercive force is used as the permanent magnet so as not to be irreversibly demagnetized by the demagnetizing field of the weak magnetic flux control.

  In the operation using the flux weakening control, the linkage magnetic flux is reduced by the magnetic flux due to the negative d-axis current. Therefore, the decrease of the linkage flux creates a margin of voltage with respect to the voltage upper limit value. And since the electric current which becomes a torque component can be increased, the output in a high speed region increases. Further, the rotational speed can be increased by the voltage margin, and the range of variable speed operation is expanded.

  However, in the method in which a negative d-axis current that does not contribute to the output is continuously supplied, there is a problem that the copper loss increases and the efficiency deteriorates. Further, the demagnetizing field due to the negative d-axis current generates a harmonic magnetic flux, and the increase in the voltage generated by the harmonic magnetic flux etc. weakens the voltage reduction by the magnetic flux control. Therefore, even if the flux-weakening control is applied to the embedded permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, it is difficult to operate at a variable speed that is three times or more the base speed. Furthermore, the iron loss increases due to the harmonic magnetic flux, and the efficiency may be significantly reduced in the middle and high speed ranges, or vibration may be generated by electromagnetic force due to the harmonic magnetic flux.

  Further, when an embedded permanent magnet motor is applied to a drive motor for a hybrid vehicle, the motor is rotated in a state where it is driven only by an engine. In medium and high speed rotations, the induced voltage by the permanent magnet of the motor rises, so to suppress it to within the power supply voltage, the negative d-axis current continues to flow in the flux weakening control. In this state, since the motor generates only a loss, the overall operation efficiency is deteriorated.

  Furthermore, when an embedded permanent magnet motor is applied to a train drive motor, the train is in a coasting state, and a negative d-axis is used in the magnetic flux weakening control to reduce the induced voltage by the permanent magnet to be equal to or lower than the power supply voltage as described above. The current will continue to flow. In that case, since the motor generates only a loss, the overall operation efficiency deteriorates.

  As a technique for solving such a problem, a technique for adjusting the total flux linkage as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 has been proposed. In these techniques, a low coercivity permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as a variable magnetic magnet) in which the magnetic flux density is irreversibly changed by a magnetic field generated by the d-axis current of the stator winding in the rotor, and a variable magnetic force. A high coercive force permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as a fixed magnetic force magnet) having a coercive force twice or more that of the magnet is disposed. Then, in the high-speed rotation range that is equal to or higher than the maximum voltage of the power supply voltage, the total interlinkage magnetic flux amount is adjusted so that the total interlinkage magnetic flux by the variable magnetic magnet and the fixed magnetic magnet is reduced.

JP 2006-280195 A JP 2008-245368 A

Design and control of embedded magnet synchronous motor, Yoji Takeda et al., Ohm

  However, in the invention of Patent Document 1, even when the total flux linkage of the rotor is adjusted, the induced voltage increases when the rotor is rotated in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil. There was a problem. In hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, the battery voltage and the railway overhead line voltage vary greatly, and the power supply voltage may decrease. For this reason, the power supply voltage is insufficient, and the total interlinkage magnetic flux of the rotor is further weakened to increase the magnetic flux current. In the worst state, there is a problem that the rotation is impossible due to insufficient voltage.

  The present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above-described problems of the prior art. In a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a variable magnetic magnet and a fixed magnetic magnet are arranged as magnetic poles, induction machine operation and permanent It is possible to perform any of the operations of the magnet synchronous machine, which makes it possible to operate with efficient operation from light load to high load, low speed to high speed rotation, improving the overall efficiency and power consumption An object of the present invention is to obtain a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine capable of reducing the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention comprises a rotor provided with a plurality of permanent magnets and a conductive member near the surface, and a stator provided with a coil. At least one permanent magnet is magnetized by a magnetic field generated by a coil current, so that the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is irreversibly changed. The rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are started asynchronously by the torque generated by the induced current of the magnetic member, and after starting, the amount of flux linkage of the permanent magnet is increased to increase the permanent magnet The rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are driven in synchronism with the torque generated by the current.

  According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, either the induction machine operation or the permanent magnet synchronous machine operation can be performed by changing the linkage flux between the variable magnetic magnet and the fixed magnetic magnet in the rotor. Can be done. Thereby, since it can drive | operate by the operation | movement which becomes efficient from light load to high load and low speed to high speed rotation, the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine which improved the total efficiency and reduced the power consumption can be obtained.

Sectional drawing of the rotor in Example 1 of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of demagnetization in Example 1 of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of the magnetization in Example 1 of this invention The figure which shows the state with the minimum flux linkage between the variable-magnetism magnet and the fixed-magnetism magnet in Example 1 of this invention. The figure which shows the state at the time of the linkage magnetic flux of the variable magnetic force magnet and fixed magnetic force magnet in Example 1 of this invention increasing. The figure which shows the state which further increased the interlinkage magnetic flux of the variable magnetic force magnet and fixed magnetic force magnet in Example 2 of this invention from the state of FIG. The block diagram which shows an example of the control circuit of the permanent-magnet-type rotary electric machine of this invention

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The rotary electric machine of the present embodiment is described in the case of 8 poles, and can be similarly applied to other pole numbers.

[1-1. Constitution]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 1 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a rotor core 2, a permanent magnet 3 (hereinafter referred to as a variable magnetic force magnet) having a small product of a coercive force and a thickness in the magnetization direction, a coercive force, A permanent magnet 4 (hereinafter referred to as a fixed magnetic magnet) having a large product of thickness in the magnetization direction is used.

  In this embodiment, a ferrite magnet is used as the variable magnetic magnet 3 and an NdFeB magnet is used as the fixed magnetic magnet 4. As the variable magnetic force magnet 3, a magnet having a reduced holding force among SmCo magnets, CeCo magnets, and NdFeB magnets may be used. Further, as an example, the coercive force of the variable magnetic magnet 3 is 280 kA / m and the coercive force of the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is 1000 kA / m. However, the values are not necessarily limited to these values. The variable magnetic magnet 3 is only required to be irreversibly magnetized by the d-axis current having a current value acceptable by the inverter, and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is not irreversibly magnetized by the d-axis current.

  The rotor core 2 is formed by laminating silicon steel plates, and the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnets 4 and 4 are embedded in the rotor core 2. A conductive member 7 is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor core 2, and in this embodiment, a hole is provided and a copper bar is embedded, and the end of the copper bar is short-circuited with a copper ring. Yes. The rotating electric machine of this embodiment has eight poles, and one magnet magnetic pole 5 is composed of one variable magnetic magnet 3 and two fixed magnetic magnets 4 and 4 disposed on both sides thereof. The variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 are embedded in the rotor core 2 so as to form a parallel circuit on the magnetic circuit. In FIG. 1, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is disposed at the center of the d-axis, and the fixed magnetic force magnets 4 are disposed on both the left and right sides thereof.

  Therefore, in the portion that becomes the magnetic path in the q-axis direction in the rotor 1, the magnet and the hole that becomes the magnetic barrier are not arranged but the iron core, and therefore there is a portion where the magnetic resistance is extremely small. This portion becomes the iron magnetic pole portion 6 when a reluctance torque is generated by flowing a negative d-axis current. On the other hand, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4 are arranged in the portion that becomes the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet in the d-axis direction, thereby increasing the magnetic resistance. Thereby, the rotor from which magnetic resistance differs in the circumferential direction of a rotor can be comprised.

  Although not shown, a stator is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor core 2 via an air gap. This stator has an armature core and an armature winding. An induced current is induced in the copper bar 7 by the current flowing through the armature winding. The armature winding is connected to a power supply system provided outside the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine. In the power supply system, an electric power necessary for driving the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine is supplied using an inverter.

[1-2. Configuration of control circuit]
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a control circuit for rotationally driving the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment as an electric motor. Since this control circuit basically has the same configuration as the circuit shown in Patent Document 2, the configuration relating to the PWM control portion is omitted.

  In addition to the variable magnetic flux control unit 121 and the PWM circuit 123 common to the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine using the variable magnetic force magnet, the operation control unit 120 that receives the operation command and the torque command includes the induction-synchronous operation unique to the present invention. A switching control unit 122 is provided.

  On the other hand, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 101 of the present invention controlled by the operation control unit 120 has the following configuration. A detector such as a DC power source (for example, a battery) 102 that is a power source, an inverter 103 that converts DC power into AC, and a current sensor 104 that generates AC current for detecting motor power. Not all of these detectors are necessary. As described in each embodiment described below, one or a plurality of detectors are used, and the operation control unit 120 uses the permanent magnet based on the detection information. The rotary electric machine 101 is operated.

Examples of detectors include the following.
(1) Speed sensor 105 that measures the rotational speed of the rotor 1
(2) Current sensor 104 that measures the output current of the inverter that is the drive control panel of the rotating electrical machine
(3) Voltmeter 107 that measures the power supply voltage of the power supply system (DC side voltage of the inverter)
(4) Magnetic pole position sensor 109 for detecting the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet
(5) Detector 110 for detecting the induced voltage flowing in the stator coil generated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet

[1-3. Demagnetization and magnetisation by d-axis current]
Next, the action at the time of magnetizing and demagnetizing in the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described. In each figure, the direction of the magnetic force generated by the armature winding is indicated by an arrow.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process (demagnetization process) of reducing the total flux linkage of the permanent magnet. In the present embodiment, a magnetic field is formed by applying a pulse-like current having an energization time of about 10 ms to the armature winding of the stator to form a magnetic field, and the magnetic field A is applied to the variable magnetic force magnet 3. The pulse current that forms the magnetic field A for magnetizing the permanent magnet is the d-axis current component of the armature winding of the stator.

  If the thicknesses of the two types of permanent magnets are substantially equal, the change in the magnetization state of the permanent magnet due to the applied magnetic field due to the d-axis current varies depending on the magnitude of the coercive force. A negative d-axis current that generates a magnetic field in a direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is pulsed through the armature winding. If the magnetic field A in the magnet changed by the negative d-axis current becomes −280 kA / m, the coercive force of the variable magnetic magnet 3 is 280 kA / m, so that the magnetic force of the variable magnetic magnet 3 significantly decreases irreversibly.

  On the other hand, since the coercive force of the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is 1000 kA / m, the magnetic force does not decrease irreversibly. As a result, when the pulsed d-axis current becomes zero, only the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is demagnetized, and the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux by the entire magnet can be reduced. Further, when a reverse magnetic field greater than -280 kA / m is applied, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized in the reverse direction and the polarity is reversed. In this case, since the magnetic flux of the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the magnetic flux of the fixed magnetic magnet 4 cancel each other, the total interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is minimized.

  Next, a process of increasing the total interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and restoring it to the maximum (magnetization process) will be described. In the demagnetization completed state, as shown in FIG. 3, the polarity of the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is reversed, and a positive magnetic field that generates a magnetic field in a direction opposite to the reversed magnetization (the initial magnetization direction shown in FIG. 2) is generated. A d-axis current is passed through the armature winding. The magnetic force of the reversed reversed polarity variable magnetic magnet 3 decreases as the magnetic field increases and becomes zero. When the magnetic field due to the positive d-axis current is further increased, the polarity is reversed and magnetized in the direction of the initial polarity. When 350 kA / m, which is a magnetic field necessary for almost complete magnetization, is applied, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized and generates a magnetic force almost at its maximum.

  In this case, as in the case of demagnetization, it is not necessary to increase the d-axis current by continuous energization, and an instantaneous pulse current may be used as the current to achieve the target magnetic force. On the other hand, since the coercive force of the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is 1000 kA / m, the magnetic force of the fixed magnetic magnet 4 does not change irreversibly even when a magnetic field due to the d-axis current acts. As a result, when the pulsed positive d-axis current becomes 0, only the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized, and the amount of flux linkage by the entire magnet can be increased. This makes it possible to return to the original maximum flux linkage.

  As described above, by applying an instantaneous magnetic field due to the d-axis current to the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4, the magnetic force of the variable magnetic magnet 3 is irreversibly changed, and the total interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet Can be arbitrarily changed.

[1-4. Action of Permanent Magnet Type Rotating Electric Machine] (Claims 1 and 2)
The operation of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described. When driving with a commercial frequency power source, as shown in FIG. 4, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized at the time of start-up so that the total interlinkage magnetic flux between the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4 is minimized. This shows a state in which the magnetic force of the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized in the reverse direction by a reverse magnetic field due to the negative d-axis current, and the interlinkage magnetic flux by the entire magnet is minimized. In this case, since the magnetization directions of the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnets 4 and 4 are opposite, the magnetic fluxes of both permanent magnets are subtracted to minimize the magnetic flux. At this time, if the magnetic flux of the variable magnetic magnet 3 whose polarity is reversed is increased, the interlinkage magnetic flux between the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnets 4 and 4 can be reduced to zero.

  When a power supply current is applied in this state, a rotating magnetic field formed by the stator coil is generated, and an induced current is generated in the coil of the copper bar 7 of the rotor. An action similar to that of the induction machine occurs, and torque is generated by the magnetic field of the induction current flowing through the copper bar 7 and the excitation current flowing through the stator coil, and the rotor 1 is started.

  After the rotor 1 is started, as shown in FIG. 5, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized by the d-axis current so that the total interlinkage magnetic flux between the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4 is increased. . As a result, the force of synchronous pull-in by the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is increased, and the rotor 1 can be pulled into synchronous rotation from a state where it is rotating. That is, the rotor 1 changes from a state where the rotor 1 is rotated by the torque generated by the induced current flowing through the copper bar 7 to the rotating magnetic field generated by the linkage magnetic flux generated by the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 and the current flowing through the stator coil. Transition to the state of rotating synchronously.

  On the other hand, when the rotor 1 is rotating synchronously, the amount of flux linkage between the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is reduced in a state where a large braking force is required for the output of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine. Then, the rotor 1 is brought into an asynchronous state. As a result, an induction current is generated in the copper bar 7 of the rotor 1 to generate torque as an induction machine. In this state, regenerative operation is performed, and electric power is regenerated by the induced current.

[1-5. effect]
As an effect of the first embodiment, either the induction machine operation or the permanent magnet synchronous machine operation is performed by varying the flux linkage between the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 in the rotor 1. It becomes possible. Therefore, since it can operate | move by the operation | movement which becomes efficient from light load to high load and low speed to high-speed rotation, total efficiency can improve and it can reduce power consumption.

(Corresponding to claims 3 and 4)
In the second embodiment of the present invention, a speed sensor 105 that measures the rotational speed of the rotor 1 is added to the configuration of the first embodiment. In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment, the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine is detected by the speed sensor 105, and the induction operation and the synchronous operation are switched according to the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine. The starting time of the rotor 1 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The operation of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment will be described. After the rotor 1 is activated, the rotational speed of the rotor 1 increases, and when the speed sensor 105 detects that the rotor 1 has reached the vicinity of the synchronous speed, the entire chain of the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is detected. When the magnetic flux is increased and the synchronous pull-in is performed, the state in which the rotor 1 slips and rotates is shifted to the synchronous rotation.

  Further, when the rotor 1 rotates at a high speed while rotating synchronously, the variable magnetic magnet 3 is demagnetized by the d-axis current in accordance with the speed of the rotor 1 so that all of the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 Reduce the flux linkage. Thereby, the induced voltage induced | guided | derived to the stator coil by the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4 can be reduced. Further, by reducing the flux linkage between the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4, the force of synchronous pull-in is reduced, and the rotation of the rotor 1 is deviated from the synchronous rotation, resulting in an asynchronous state. In this asynchronous state, an induction current is generated with the copper bar 7 of the rotor 1, and the induction machine is driven by generating torque.

  When the rotor 1 is rotating synchronously at high speed, the amount of flux linkage between the variable magnetic magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is set in a state where a large braking force is required for the output of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine. The rotor 1 is made smaller and the rotor 1 is set in an asynchronous state. Thereby, an induction current is generated in the copper bar 7 of the rotor 1 and torque is generated as an induction machine. In this state, regenerative operation is performed, and electric power is regenerated by the induced current. On the other hand, in the case of a rotation speed at which a voltage that can magnetize the magnet is ensured by the voltage difference between the inverter upper limit voltage and the rotating electrical machine, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to increase the linkage flux by the magnet. As a result, torque is generated by the interlinkage magnetic flux and current of the magnet, and power is regenerated as a synchronous machine.

  In the second embodiment, the induction machine operation and the synchronous machine operation can be switched based on the speed of the rotor 1. For this reason, since the rotor 1 can be efficiently operated from a low speed to a high speed, the overall efficiency can be improved and the power consumption can be reduced.

(Corresponding to claim 5)
The third embodiment of the present invention is obtained by adding a voltmeter 106 for measuring the voltage generated by the rotating electrical machine to the configuration of the first embodiment. In the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, the induction generated voltage of the rotating electric machine is detected or the induced voltage is estimated from the detected current and the motor constant, and the generated voltage of the rotating electric machine is equal to the power supply voltage of the power supply system. When in the vicinity, the operation is switched between synchronous operation and asynchronous (induction) operation. The starting time of the rotor 1 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The operation of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment will be described. In the state where the rotor 1 is rotating synchronously, when the rotational speed of the rotor 1 is increased and the induced voltage by the permanent magnet is close to the upper limit of the power supply voltage, the variable magnetic magnet 3 is magnetized to The flux linkage by the fixed magnetic magnet 4 is reduced. As a result, the force of synchronous pull-in is reduced, and the rotor 1 is out of synchronous rotation and becomes asynchronous. In an asynchronous state, an induction current is generated in the copper bar coil of the rotor 1 to generate torque and drive as an induction machine. On the other hand, in an operating situation where there is a difference between the voltage of the rotating electrical machine and the upper limit of the power supply voltage, including fluctuations in the power supply voltage, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to increase the flux linkage between the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4. Torque is generated by a permanent magnet and current in synchronous rotation.

  In the third embodiment, when the power supply voltage is in an operating state, the rotor 1 is synchronously rotated to operate as a high-torque magnet rotating electric machine. When the generated voltage of the rotating electric machine is limited to the power supply voltage, the excitation current It can be operated as an induction machine capable of adjusting and reducing the voltage of the rotating electrical machine by changing the components. As a result, the overall efficiency of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine can be increased and the power consumption can be reduced.

(Corresponding to claims 6, 7, and 8)
The fourth embodiment of the present invention measures the DC side voltage of the inverter connected to the configuration of the first embodiment when the power supply voltage of the power supply system is measured. Since the DC voltage varies with the power supply voltage, the operating condition of the rotor 1 is changed in accordance with the variation of the DC voltage.

  The operation of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment will be described. When the inverter of the power supply system of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine can generate the voltage required by the rotating electrical machine, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to increase the interlinkage magnetic flux between the variable magnetic force magnet 3 and the fixed magnetic force magnet 4. Then, synchronous operation is performed in which torque is generated by a permanent magnet and current in synchronous rotation. On the other hand, when there is a voltage fluctuation in the power supply of the power supply system of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, and the maximum output voltage of the inverter of the power supply system is equal to or lower than the voltage of the rotating electrical machine, the rotor 1 cannot be rotated synchronously. Therefore, instead of rotating the rotor 1 synchronously, the rotor 1 is rotated asynchronously. As a result, an induction current is generated in the copper bar coil of the rotor 1, and torque is generated as an induction machine. Thus, the rotating electrical machine can be operated even when the power supply voltage is lowered.

  In Example 4 as described above, even when there is a voltage fluctuation in the power supply of the power supply system and the maximum output voltage of the inverter of the power supply system is less than or equal to the voltage of the rotating electrical machine, the rotor 1 is asynchronously rotated and operated as an induction machine. Can do.

  For example, when the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment is used as the power of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, in a state where the battery voltage mounted on the vehicle is lowered below the reference voltage, the rotor is rotated asynchronously, When the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the rotor is rotated synchronously. Thereby, even if the battery voltage fluctuates greatly, the rotating electrical machine can be operated.

  Similarly, when the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment is used as power for the railway vehicle, the voltage that flows through the overhead wire is used as the power source, and the rotor rotates asynchronously when the overhead wire voltage falls below the reference voltage. When the overhead wire voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the rotor is rotated synchronously. Thereby, even if the voltage of an overhead wire is fluctuate | varied largely, a rotary electric machine can be drive | operated stably.

(Corresponding to claim 9)
The fifth embodiment of the present invention is obtained by adding a current sensor 104 that estimates the output and torque of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine to the configuration of the first embodiment. In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, the rotor 1 is changed to a synchronized state according to the output state of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine detected by the output meter 108. The starting time of the rotor 1 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, in a state of operating with a light load, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to reduce the linkage flux by the permanent magnet, and the rotor 1 is rotated asynchronously. As a result, an induction current is generated in the copper bar coil of the rotor 1, and the induction machine is operated by generating torque. On the other hand, when the load is high, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to increase the flux linkage by the permanent magnet, and the rotor 1 is rotated synchronously. Thus, the torque is generated by the current of the permanent magnet and the stator of the rotor 1 to operate.

  In Example 5 as described above, the operation as an induction machine that improves the efficiency at light load and the operation as the permanent magnet synchronous machine that improves the efficiency even at high load can be performed according to the driving situation, so that the overall efficiency is improved. It becomes higher and power consumption can be reduced.

(Corresponding to claim 10)
The sixth embodiment of the present invention is obtained by adding a magnetic pole position sensor 109 that detects the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet of the rotor 1 to the configuration of the second embodiment. In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present embodiment, the synchronous state of the rotor 1 is switched by the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet of the rotor 1.

  In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, when the rotor 1 starts and then reaches the vicinity of the synchronous speed of the rotor 1, the linkage flux by the permanent magnet is increased from the state in which the rotor 1 is slipping and rotating. Then pull it into synchronous rotation. At this time, the magnetic pole position sensor 109 detects the moment when the current vector is close to the current phase angle at which the maximum torque can be generated as a synchronous machine, and based on this signal, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized and linked by a permanent magnet. The rotor 1 is rotated synchronously by increasing the magnetic flux.

  In the sixth embodiment, since the rotor 1 can be efficiently switched from asynchronous rotation to synchronous rotation, the overall efficiency is increased and the power consumption can be reduced.

(Corresponding to claim 11)
The seventh embodiment of the present invention is an embodiment in the case where power is supplied by a single inverter to a plurality of permanent magnet type rotating electrical machines having the configuration of the sixth embodiment.

  In each permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, when the rotor 1 is started and then reaches the vicinity of the synchronous speed of the rotor 1, the interlinkage magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet from the state in which the rotor 1 slips and rotates. Increase to bring it into synchronous rotation. However, when using a plurality of permanent magnet rotating electrical machines, the phase difference between the magnetic pole magnetic position of the rotating rotor 1 and the current vector is often different. In other words, each rotating electrical machine rotates with a different phase difference between the induced voltage and current generated in the magnet. Therefore, the variable magnetic magnet 3 is magnetized in order from the rotating electrical machine whose current vector is in the vicinity of the current phase angle capable of generating the maximum torque as a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the linkage flux by the permanent magnet is increased to drive by synchronous rotation. To do.

  In the seventh embodiment, since the rotor 1 can be efficiently switched from asynchronous rotation to synchronous rotation in each permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, the overall efficiency is increased and the power consumption can be reduced. Thereby, even when electric power is supplied to a plurality of permanent magnet type rotating electrical machines as power for the railway vehicle with one inverter, the rotor 1 can be smoothly shifted from asynchronous rotation to synchronous rotation.

(Corresponding to claim 12)
In the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the detector 110 for detecting the induced voltage flowing in the stator coil generated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet of the rotor 1 is added to the configuration of the first embodiment. Alternatively, the induced voltage may be calculated on the control of the inverter from the command voltage, the motor constant, the detected current and the rotation speed, and processed. In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, the synchronous state of the rotor 1 is switched based on the detection result of the induced voltage flowing in the stator coil by the detector 110.

  The operation of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of this embodiment will be described. When the rotational speed increases after startup, the induced voltage generated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet becomes sufficiently large against noise. The induced voltage is detected by the detector 110 and is taken into the inverter control circuit as a detection signal of the magnetic pole position and the rotation speed of the rotor. The magnetic pole position is detected on the basis of this signal, and at the moment when the current vector is close to the current phase angle at which the maximum torque can be generated as a synchronous machine, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 is magnetized to increase the linkage flux by the permanent magnet, Synchronously rotate the rotor.

  In the eighth embodiment, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is started without the magnetic pole position sensor and the speed sensor, and after synchronization, the induced voltage can be output and controlled as a control signal.

[Other embodiments]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes other embodiments as follows.

(Corresponding to claim 13)
(A) In the rotating electrical machine of each of the embodiments, a capacitor may be provided in an external circuit of the rotating electrical machine. Thereby, the electric charge stored in the capacitor can be passed through the stator coil as necessary, and the variable magnetic force magnet 3 can be magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the current generated by the capacitor.

(Corresponding to claim 14)
(B) In the rotating electric machine of each of the above embodiments, an overcurrent due to an electrical short circuit accident or an abnormal temperature rise of the magnet may occur, and the fixed magnetic magnet 4 may be irreversibly demagnetized. In that case, the variable magnetic force magnet 3 can be magnetized to reduce the interlinkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet, and an output can be generated by the induced current of the rotor conductor by asynchronous rotation. Thereby, even when the fixed magnetic force magnet 4 is irreversibly demagnetized and the generated output is insufficient, a sufficient output can be generated by the induction machine operation.

(Corresponding to claim 15)
(C) In the rotating electrical machine of each of the above embodiments, when the inverter provided outside the rotating electrical machine fails, the inverter may be electrically disconnected and the generator and the motor may be directly electrically connected. Thereby, the electric output of a generator can be directly input into a motor. As a result, even if it is difficult to start synchronously, it is possible to start and operate by generating torque by the induced current of the rotor conductor in asynchronous rotation.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotor 2 ... Rotor core 3 ... Variable magnetic force magnet 4 ... Fixed magnetic force magnet 5 ... Magnet magnetic pole 7 ... Copper bar 101 ... Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 102 ... DC power supply 103 ... Inverter 104 ... Current sensor 105 ... Speed sensor 106 ... Voltmeter 107 ... Voltmeter 108 ... Output meter 109 ... Magnetic pole position sensor 110 ... Induced voltage detector 120 ... Operation controller 121 ... Variable magnetic flux controller 122 ... Induction-synchronization switching controller 123 ... PWM circuit

Claims (15)

A rotor provided with a magnetic pole composed of a plurality of permanent magnets and a stator provided with a coil are provided, and at least one permanent magnet in the magnetic pole is magnetized by a magnetic field generated by the current of the stator coil. In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that irreversibly changes the magnetic flux amount of the magnet,
A conductive member is provided near the surface of the rotor,
During startup, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are started asynchronously by the torque generated by the induced current of the conductive member of the rotor by reducing the amount of flux linkage of the permanent magnet And
After starting, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is increased, and the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are driven synchronously by the torque of the permanent magnet and current. Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine.   2. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein, at the time of regeneration of the rotor, the rotor is rotated asynchronously to regenerate with an output generated by an induced current flowing through the conductive member. A speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the rotor;
When the rotation speed of the rotor is low to medium, the rotor rotates in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil,
3. The permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is driven as an induction machine asynchronously with a rotating magnetic field generated by a current flowing through a stator coil when the rotor rotates at a high speed. 4. Rotary electric machine. During regeneration of the rotor,
When the rotational speed of the rotor is high-speed rotation, the rotor is regenerated with an output generated by an induced current of the rotor conductor in asynchronous rotation,
When the rotation speed of the rotor is in the range from the medium speed to the low speed rotation range, the permanent magnet is magnetized by synchronous rotation to increase the amount of flux linkage of the permanent magnet, and regeneration is performed with the output generated by the permanent magnet and current. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 3, wherein A voltmeter for measuring a generated voltage generated by the rotation of the rotor;
When the generated voltage is near the upper limit of the power supply voltage limit, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously,
2. The rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are driven to rotate synchronously when the generated voltage is different from the voltage limit of the power supply voltage. 2. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to 2. Equipped with a voltmeter to measure the power supply voltage of the permanent magnet rotating electrical machine,
When the power supply voltage of the power supply voltage drops below the voltage necessary for synchronously rotating the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor,
3. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously. Using a battery as the power source,
In a state where the battery voltage has dropped below a reference voltage value, the rotor is rotated asynchronously,
The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to claim 6, wherein the rotor is rotated synchronously in a state where the battery voltage exceeds a reference voltage value. Using the voltage flowing in the overhead line as the power source,
In a state where the overhead line voltage is lowered below a reference voltage, the rotor is rotated by asynchronous rotation,
The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 6, wherein the rotor is synchronously rotated in a state where the overhead wire voltage exceeds a reference voltage. A current sensor for estimating a load applied to the rotor;
In a state where the rotor is operated at a high load, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously,
3. The permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein when the rotor is operated at a light load, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are driven to rotate synchronously. 4. Magnet rotating electric machine. A speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the rotor;
A magnetic pole position sensor for detecting the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet of the rotor;
When the rotation speed of the rotor is low, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously,
When the rotor reaches near the synchronous speed, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate synchronously at the moment when the current vector is close to the current phase angle where the maximum torque can be generated as a synchronous machine. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is driven. When supplying voltage to a plurality of permanent magnet rotating electrical machines using a single inverter as a power source,
The rotor of each permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is
When the rotation speed is low, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously,
When each rotor reaches near the synchronous speed, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are synchronized at the moment when the current vector is close to the current phase angle at which the maximum torque can be generated as a synchronous machine. The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to claim 10, wherein the permanent magnet rotating electric machine is rotated and driven. A sensor that detects the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux of the rotor flowing in the stator coil, or an induced voltage estimation control,
Detecting the magnetic pole position based on the signal,
When the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux of the rotor is low, the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor rotate asynchronously,
When the induced voltage due to the magnetic flux of the rotor increases, the magnetic pole position is detected based on the signal of the induced voltage, and at the moment when the rotor current vector is close to the current phase angle at which maximum torque can be generated as a synchronous machine, 3. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the coil and the rotor are driven to rotate synchronously.   A capacitor is provided in an external circuit of the rotating electrical machine, and the electric charge stored in the capacitor is passed through the stator coil as necessary, and the variable magnetic force magnet is magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the current generated by the capacitor. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of 12.   2. When permanent magnets that do not undergo irreversible changes are irreversibly demagnetized, the permanent magnets that are irreversibly demagnetized are reduced in magnetic flux by magnetization, and an output is generated by an induced current of a rotor conductor by asynchronous rotation. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of ˜13. It has a power supply and inverter to supply power to the outside,
If this inverter fails, disconnect the inverter electrically and connect the power supply directly to the rotating electrical machine.
The rotating magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator coil and the rotor are asynchronous with the power of the power source, and the rotor is driven by generating torque by the induced current of the rotor conductor. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of 1 to 14.

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