JP2011035317A - Heliocentric orbit tracking power generation system and control program for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heliocentric orbit tracking power generation system that reduces wind pressure on solar cell panels and increases an amount of power generated by the solar cell panels, and to provide a control program for the same. <P>SOLUTION: The heliocentric orbit tracking power generation system includes: a plurality of solar cell panels 2; a reference frame 3 with a reference plane 31 to be used as a reference for installing each solar cell panel 2 which is tilted in a direction facing the sun with respect to the horizontal plane; a ventilation tilting frame 4 whereon the solar cell panels 2 are disposed such that the solar cell panels 2 adjacent in a lateral direction with respect to the reference plane 31 may be tilted in a same right or left direction and which forms a ventilation flue between the reference frame 3 and itself; a ventilation support frame 5 that supports the ventilation tilting frame 4 in a tilted state and forms a ventilation flue toward the rear side of the solar cell panels 2; a rotationally driving means 6 for rotating the reference frame 3 nearly around the vertical line; and a controller 9 for controlling the rotationally driving means 6 so as to cause the solar cell panels 2 to track the heliocentric orbit. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a technology for generating power by tracking a solar cell panel in a solar orbit, and in particular, a solar orbit tracking power generation system capable of improving air permeability, avoiding damage due to wind pressure, and generating power with high efficiency and the like. It relates to the control program.

  Conventionally, a technique for generating power by tracking a solar cell panel to the sun has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-196126 discloses a power generation unit including a solar cell, power detection means for detecting power output from the power generation unit, and the power detected by the power detection means is maximized. Maximum power direction detection means for detecting the direction of the power generation unit, solar direction detection means for detecting the direction of the sun, the direction of the sun detected by the solar direction detection means, and the power detected by the maximum power direction detection means Calculating means for calculating a difference from the direction in which the maximum value is obtained, and the power generation unit at predetermined time intervals in a direction in which the direction of the sun detected by the solar direction detecting means is corrected by the difference calculated by the calculating means. A solar tracking device for a solar tracking power generation system that includes a tracking control unit that moves and tracks the sun is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-196126 A

  However, in the conventional solar tracking power generation system including the invention described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of solar cell panels are unitized in a planar shape, and the unitized one is supported by a column or a stand. Yes. For this reason, there is a problem that it is easily affected by wind pressure, and when it is installed on a roof or the like, the building shakes during strong winds. Moreover, since there is a possibility that the support may be broken or the solar cell panel may be blown off by the wind pressure, a strong support must be used and firmly fixed. For this reason, there exists a problem that installation cost increases and a construction period becomes long.

  Moreover, the solar cell panel has a temperature characteristic that the generated power decreases when the temperature rises due to sunlight or outside air temperature. However, recent solar cell panels have been improved so that the light-receiving surface is made low-reflective in order to increase the power generation efficiency, and more sunlight can be absorbed. For this reason, when the state in which sunlight is incident on the solar cell panel substantially vertically as in the conventional solar tracking power generation system including Patent Document 1, the output loss due to the temperature rise increases. . In other words, the power generation capability of the solar cell panel can be sufficiently exerted even if sunlight does not enter the solar cell panel substantially perpendicularly as in the prior art.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and is capable of reducing the wind pressure applied to the solar cell panel and tracking the solar trajectory capable of increasing the power generation amount of the solar cell panel. It aims at providing a power generation system and its control program.

  A solar orbit tracking power generation system according to the present invention includes a plurality of solar battery panels and a reference frame in which a reference plane serving as a reference for installing each of the solar battery panels is inclined in a direction facing the sun with respect to a horizontal plane. And a ventilation inclined frame that is arranged by inclining each solar cell panel adjacent in the lateral direction with respect to the reference plane in the same direction on either the left or right side, and forms a ventilation path between the reference frame and A ventilation support frame that supports the ventilation inclined frame in an inclined state and that forms a ventilation path to the back side of the solar cell panel; and a rotation drive unit that rotates the reference frame around a substantially vertical line; And a control device that controls the rotation driving means so as to track the solar cell panel in a solar orbit.

  Moreover, in this invention, each said solar cell panel may be arrange | positioned at the said ventilation inclination flame | frame so that the inclination-angle of 25 to 50 degree | times may be made | formed with respect to the said reference plane.

  A control program for a solar orbit tracking power generation system according to the present invention is a control program for controlling a solar orbit tracking power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotation driving means is set to a predetermined value. A tracking trajectory data storage unit for storing tracking trajectory data determined by associating the azimuth angle of the sun at the installation location of the system with each rotational drive time set to drive at a time interval of A track data acquisition unit for acquiring tracking track data on a predetermined date from the track data storage unit, and a rotational drive for monitoring whether or not a predetermined rotational drive time has been reached based on the acquired tracking track data A time monitoring unit; a rotation drive command unit that outputs a drive start command to the rotation drive means when the rotation drive time comes; and a rotation angle of the reference frame is detected. Based on the output of the angle sensor, a rotation angle monitoring unit that monitors whether the rotation angle matches the azimuth angle at the rotation drive time, and the rotation drive when the rotation angle and the azimuth angle match The control device is caused to function as a drive stop command unit that outputs a drive stop command to the means.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while being able to reduce the wind pressure concerning a solar cell panel, the electric power generation amount of a solar cell panel can be increased.

It is the front view and block diagram which show one Embodiment of the solar track tracking type | formula power generation system which concerns on this invention. It is a left view which shows the solar orbit tracking type electric power generation system of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the solar cell panel of this embodiment, a vertical frame, and an auxiliary | assistant frame from the direction in alignment with a reference plane. It is a perspective view which shows the rotational drive means of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the rotational drive means of this embodiment. It is a table | surface which shows the track data of this embodiment. It is a graph which shows the track data of this embodiment. It is a flowchart figure which shows the operation | movement by the control program of this embodiment. 3 is a table showing experimental results of Example 1. 4 is a graph showing experimental results of Example 1. 10 is a table showing experimental results of Example 2. 6 is a graph showing experimental results of Example 2. 10 is a table showing experimental results of Example 3. 10 is a graph showing experimental results of Example 3. 10 is a table showing experimental results of Example 4. 10 is a graph showing experimental results of Example 4. In Example 5, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the incident angle of sunlight, and the inclination angle of a solar cell panel. In Example 6, it is a graph which shows transition of the power generation voltage of one day. In Example 6, it is a graph which shows transition of long-term generated electric power.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 and a control program 1a thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 of the present embodiment mainly includes a plurality of solar cell panels 2 and a reference surface 31 serving as a reference for installing these solar cell panels 2. A ventilation inclined frame 4 that forms a ventilation path for releasing the wind pressure between the frame 3 and the reference frame 3, a ventilation support frame 5 that supports the ventilation inclined frame 4 in an inclined state, and the reference frame Rotation drive means 6 for rotating 3 around a substantially vertical line, an angle sensor 7 for detecting the rotation angle of the reference frame 3, a snow cover sensor 8 for detecting the amount of snow, and a control device 9 for controlling the rotation drive means 6; have. Each configuration will be described below.

  The solar cell panel 2 converts the light energy of sunlight into electric energy. In this embodiment, the solar cell panel 2 is configured in a substantially rectangular panel shape as a whole by connecting a plurality of solar cells (cells) in series or in parallel. As shown in FIG. 1, three sets of three solar cell panels 2 arranged in an array by holding them on one ventilation inclined frame 4 are provided.

  In addition, although the structure of the said solar cell panel 2 is illustrated according to the commercially available solar cell panel 2, it is not limited to the said structure, When using the large solar cell panel 2, it is not arrayed. May be. On the other hand, when using a small solar cell panel 2, a larger number of solar cell panels 2 may be arranged in an array. Furthermore, the kind of the solar cell panel 2 is not particularly limited, and various types of solar cell panels 2 such as silicon and compound semiconductors can be applied.

  The reference frame 3 includes a reference surface 31 serving as a reference for installing each solar cell panel 2. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference frame 3 includes a rectangular horizontal frame 32 provided in a substantially horizontal direction, and a rectangular standing in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the horizontal frame 32. And a vertical frame 33 having a shape. A surface defined by connecting the front end side of the horizontal frame 32 and the upper end side of the vertical frame 33 functions as the reference surface 31.

  In the present embodiment, the reference plane 31 is inclined in a direction facing the sun with respect to a horizontal plane, as shown in FIG. In addition, the inclination angle of the reference plane 31 is 51 with respect to the horizontal plane in consideration of the allowable range in which sunlight can be received effectively, and comprehensively taking into account the weight balance at the time of installation and the snowfall action in the snowfall area. .An inclination angle of 6 degrees is set. However, it is not limited to this angle, and may be within a range in which the solar cell panel 2 can secure an incident angle (effective incident angle) at which the rated output is possible throughout the year. In the present embodiment, in consideration of ventilation and weight reduction, the reference surface 31 is configured as a virtual surface with nothing provided, but a frame-shaped reference surface 31 with high ventilation may be provided. .

  The ventilation inclined frame 4 is configured so that each solar panel 2 is inclined and a ventilation path for releasing the wind pressure is formed between the solar cell panel 2 and the reference frame 3. In this embodiment, each ventilation inclination frame 4 is formed in the substantially rectangular frame shape, and holds the three solar cell panels 2 side by side. And as shown in FIG. 3, each ventilation inclination flame | frame 4 inclines each solar cell panel 2 arrange | positioned adjacently in the horizontal direction with respect to the reference plane 31 so that it may incline in the same direction of either right or left. It has become. Moreover, each ventilation inclination frame 4 forms the ventilation path which allows a wind to pass through with the reference | standard flame | frame 3 in the state which installed the solar cell panel 2, so that the influence of the wind pressure which strikes the solar cell panel 2 may be reduced. It has become.

  The ventilation support frame 5 supports the ventilation inclined frame 4 in an inclined state, and forms a ventilation path through which air can escape to the back side of the solar cell panel 2. In this embodiment, the ventilation support frame 5 is formed in a substantially rectangular frame shape. 2 and 3, the fixed end 4a (the left side in FIG. 3) of the ventilation inclined frame 4 is fixed to the front end side 32a of the horizontal frame 32 and the upper end side 33a of the vertical frame 33, while the ventilation inclined frame 4 is fixed. The ventilation support frame 5 is interposed between the open end 4 b (right side in FIG. 3) and the reference surface 31. Thereby, each ventilation inclination frame 4 is supported in an inclined state.

  In the present embodiment, each solar cell with respect to the reference plane 31 is comprehensively considered in order to maintain high power generation efficiency, to minimize the influence of output decrease due to temperature rise and wind pressure, etc. Although the panel 2 is arranged on the ventilation inclined frame 4 so as to form an inclination angle of 40 degrees, it is not limited to this angle. Specifically, as will be described later, as long as the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 is within a range of 25 degrees to 50 degrees, it may be changed as appropriate.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, in order to prevent the electric power generation amount from falling, each solar cell panel 2 is arrange | positioned in the position which does not block the sunlight which injects into the adjacent solar cell panel 2. FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the straight line hanging from the open end 4 b (right side of FIG. 3) of each solar cell panel 2 to the reference plane 31 is at a position away from the point where it intersects the reference frame 3. The fixed end 4a (left side in FIG. 3) of the adjacent solar cell panels 2 is fixed. Thereby, if the state which sunlight irradiates perpendicular | vertical with respect to the reference plane 31 is maintained, the light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel 2 will not become shade.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the adjacent solar cell panels 2 are separated from each other by an appropriate distance. According to experiments, the open ends 4 b of the solar cell panels 2 are separated. As described above, a point where a straight line having an angle of 15 degrees with respect to the perpendicular of the reference plane 31 intersects the reference frame 3 is set as a fixed position of the adjacent solar cell panel 2. Thereby, even if the incident angle of sunlight with respect to the reference surface 31 is slightly deviated, the allowable range in which the light receiving surface of the solar cell panel 2 is not shaded is set to 15 degrees. This permissible range is not particularly required if the sun is always incident perpendicular to the reference plane 31, and may be appropriately increased or decreased in accordance with the accuracy of tracking the sun.

  In the present embodiment, the material of the reference frame 3 including the horizontal frame 32 and the vertical frame 33, the ventilation inclined frame 4 and the ventilation support frame 5 employs a highly corrosion-resistant hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, which is bent or the like. In order to achieve high strength and light weight.

  Next, the rotation drive means 6 rotates the reference frame 3 around a substantially vertical line. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotation driving means 6 includes a fixed plate 62 and a fixed shaft 63 fixed to a support base 61, and a turntable 64 provided to be rotatable around the fixed shaft 63. And a geared motor 65 provided on the turntable 64. A chain 66 is wound around the outer periphery of the sprocket of the geared motor 65 and the fixed plate 62, and the turntable 64 is rotated by driving the geared motor 65.

  In the present embodiment, the geared motor 65 is configured to be able to rotate forward and backward, and starts rotating clockwise or counterclockwise when receiving a drive start command from the control device 9. On the other hand, when a drive stop command is received from the control device 9, the rotation is stopped. Further, in this embodiment, the turntable 64 is rotated by holding the outer periphery of the fixed plate 62 from above and below by the ball casters 67 and providing the bearing 68 on the outer periphery of the fixed shaft 63 as shown in FIG. It is configured freely. For this reason, the load in the vertical direction is absorbed by the ball caster 67, and the load in the horizontal direction is absorbed by the bearing 68.

  The angle sensor 7 detects the rotation angle of the reference frame 3. In the present embodiment, the angle sensor 7 has a rotation angle of 0 degree when the perpendicular to the reference plane 31 faces north, 90 degrees that faces east, 180 degrees that faces south, and 270 degrees that faces west. Is set to detect. The rotation angle is converted into a resistance value and transmitted to a rotation angle monitoring unit 114 described later. In the present embodiment, the angle sensor 7 is disposed in a sensor box 69 provided at the upper end of the fixed shaft 63 as shown in FIG.

  The snow cover sensor 8 detects the height of snow cover. In the present embodiment, the snow accumulation sensor 8 is attached to the left and right lower ends of the ventilation inclined frame 4 as shown in FIG. The snow cover sensor 8 detects snow cover with a laser beam or the like, and transmits an abnormal signal to the control device 9 when it reaches a predetermined height. In the snowfall area, snow is generally concentrated and frozen below the solar cell panel 2. In many cases, the frozen ice lifts the solar cell panel 2 from below and damages the turntable 64, the reference frame 3, the solar cell panel 2, and the like. For this reason, the rotation of the rotation driving means 6 is stopped when a dangerous snow level is reached by the snow level sensor 8.

  The control device 9 plays a role of controlling the rotation driving means 6 to track the solar battery panel 2 in the solar orbit. In this embodiment, the control apparatus 9 is comprised from the programmable controller, the personal computer, etc., as shown in FIG. 1, mainly the control program 1a and various data of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 of this embodiment. And the like, and an arithmetic processing means 11 that acquires various data and performs arithmetic processing. Hereinafter, each constituent means will be described in more detail.

  The storage means 10 includes a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a flash memory, and the like, and stores various data and functions as a working area when the arithmetic processing means 11 performs an arithmetic operation. To do. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the storage unit 10 mainly includes a program storage unit 101 and a tracking trajectory data storage unit 102.

  The program storage unit 101 is installed with a control program 1a for controlling the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 of the present embodiment. Then, the arithmetic processing unit 11 executes the control program 1a to cause the control device 9 to function as each component described later.

  The tracking orbit data storage unit 102 associates the azimuth angle of the sun at the place where the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 is installed with each rotation driving time set to drive the rotation driving means 6 at predetermined time intervals. Tracking trajectory data determined as described above. The sun's orbit is known to follow almost the same orbit when considered monthly. For this reason, in this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the sun for every predetermined time interval at the point where the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 is installed is determined by averaging every month. Further, data for returning to the initial position (the driving start position on the next day) at the end of the day is defined at the end of the tracking data for each month.

  Specific examples of tracking trajectory data in the present embodiment are shown in FIGS. This tracking orbit data averages the azimuth of the sun every 15 minutes at the installation point where the latitude is 43 degrees 2 minutes 2.46 seconds and the longitude is 142 degrees 28 minutes 48.34 seconds. Is. 6 and 7, “Time” is a numerical value obtained by converting the elapsed time from midnight into “minutes”, and “Angle” is 0 degrees north, 90 degrees east, 180 degrees south, and 180 degrees west. This is a numerical value obtained by multiplying the azimuth angle by 10 times when the angle is 270 degrees.

  The contents of the track data for tracking are not limited to those described above, but the solar track tracking power generation system at each rotational drive time set for driving the rotational drive means 6 at a predetermined time interval. What is necessary is just to associate and determine the azimuth angle of the sun at one installation location. For example, in this embodiment, in order to reduce the data size, the driving interval is set to 15 minutes and the tracking trajectory data is set for each month. However, if the accuracy is further improved, tracking of a shorter driving interval is performed. Orbital data may be set for each day.

  The arithmetic processing means 11 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the like, and by executing a control program 1a installed in the storage means 10, as shown in FIG. The control device 9 is caused to function as the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112, the rotation drive command unit 113, the rotation angle monitoring unit 114, the drive stop command unit 115, and the snow cover monitoring unit 116. Hereinafter, each component will be described in more detail.

  The track data acquisition unit 111 for tracking acquires track data corresponding to a predetermined date from the track data storage unit 102 for tracking. In the present embodiment, the tracking trajectory data acquisition unit 111 refers to an internal clock of the control device 9 and acquires tracking trajectory data for the month corresponding to the date of the day. That is, within the same month, the same tracking trajectory data is acquired every day.

  The rotational drive time monitoring unit 112 monitors the rotational drive time for rotationally driving the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1. In the present embodiment, the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112 refers to the internal clock of the control device 9 and determines whether or not the rotation drive time set in the tracking track data acquired by the tracking track data acquisition unit 111 has come. To monitor.

  The rotation drive command unit 113 outputs a drive start command to the rotation drive unit 6. In this embodiment, the rotation drive command unit 113 outputs a drive start command in the normal rotation direction to the rotation drive unit 6 when the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112 determines that the rotation drive time has come. In this embodiment, the rotation drive command unit 113 outputs a drive start command in the reverse rotation direction to the rotation drive unit 6 when the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112 determines that the final rotation drive time has come.

  The rotation angle monitoring unit 114 monitors the rotation angle of the reference frame 3. In the present embodiment, the rotation angle monitoring unit 114 acquires the rotation angle from the angle sensor 7 and monitors whether or not the azimuth angle at the rotation driving time of the tracking trajectory data matches.

  The drive stop command unit 115 outputs a drive stop command to the rotation driving means 6. In the present embodiment, when the rotation angle monitoring unit 114 determines that the rotation angle of the reference frame 3 coincides with the azimuth angle at the rotation drive time, the drive stop command unit 115 issues a drive stop command to the rotation drive unit 6. It is designed to output.

  The snow cover monitoring unit 116 monitors a snow cover state. In this embodiment, when the snow cover monitoring unit 116 receives an abnormal signal transmitted from the snow cover sensor 8, it stops tracking control, generates an alarm, and notifies an administrator or the like.

  Next, the operation of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 and its control program 1a according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  When generating power using the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 of the present embodiment, the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 is installed on a sunny place such as a rooftop of a building or a flat ground. At this time, in this embodiment, each ventilation inclined frame 4 forms a ventilation path between the reference frame 3 and each ventilation support frame 5 forms a ventilation path to the back side of each solar cell panel 2. For this reason, since the wind which blows on each solar cell panel 2 blows off through each ventilation path, a wind pressure can be reduced. That is, the opportunity for the solar panel 2 to receive the wind pressure properly is reduced or the wind pressure is released to prevent the building from shaking and the system from being damaged.

  Moreover, since the left-right width is narrowed by inclining the solar cell panel 2 in the left-right direction, the wind pressure when wind is received directly in front is reduced. Furthermore, since the overall configuration is a frame structure, the ventilation is good and the entire apparatus is lightened. Further, by narrowing the left and right width, space is saved as compared with the conventional arrangement, and more solar cell panels 2 can be arranged even in the same space, and the amount of power generation is improved.

  Next, after the installation of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 is completed, as shown in FIG. 8, the operation of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 is started by the control program 1a. First, the tracking trajectory data acquisition unit 111 acquires tracking trajectory data corresponding to the date of the day from the tracking trajectory data storage unit 102 (step S1). Since tracking control is performed using this tracking orbit data, initial costs and maintenance costs are not required as compared with the case of using a sensor that detects the direction of the sun. Further, even in cloudy weather when the sunlight sensor becomes undetectable, it is possible to accurately track the sun's orbit and increase the amount of power generation.

  Subsequently, the snow cover monitoring unit 116 checks whether or not an abnormal signal is output from the snow sensor 8. If no abnormal signal is output (step S2: NO), the process proceeds to step S3. On the other hand, when an abnormal signal is output (step S2: YES), an alarm is notified to the administrator or the like (step S3), and this flow is terminated. This prevents the turntable 64, the reference frame 3, the solar cell panel 2, and the like from being damaged by snow that has accumulated below the solar cell panel 2. In addition, early recovery work is possible, and no power generation stoppage time is shortened.

  Next, the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112 monitors whether or not the current time has reached the rotation drive time set in the tracking trajectory data (step S4). When the rotation drive time comes (step S4: YES), the rotation drive command unit 113 outputs a drive start command in the normal rotation direction to the rotation drive unit 6 (step S5). Thereby, the rotation driving means 6 rotates the reference frame 3 at a predetermined time interval to track the sun's orbit.

  While the reference frame 3 is rotated, the rotation angle monitoring unit 114 monitors the rotation angle (step S6). When it coincides with the azimuth angle of the track data for tracking (step S6: YES), the drive stop command unit 115 outputs a drive stop command to the rotation drive means 6 (step S7). Thereby, the reference plane 31 of the reference frame 3 is always maintained in a state substantially orthogonal to sunlight. For this reason, sunlight is always incident on each solar cell panel 2 inclined in the left-right direction with respect to the reference plane 31 at an appropriate incident angle that is not vertical. Therefore, the excessive temperature rise of the solar cell panel 2 is suppressed, and the fall of the output by a temperature rise is prevented.

  The above-described processing from step S2 to step S7 is repeated until the tracking end time is reached under the monitoring by the rotation drive time monitoring unit 112 (step S8: NO). When the tracking end time is reached (step S8: YES), the rotation drive command unit 113 outputs a drive start command in the reverse rotation direction to the rotation drive unit 6 (step S9). As a result, the reference frame 3 is reversely rotated until it returns to the initial position. Then, it is confirmed that the rotation angle monitoring unit 114 has returned to the initial position on the next day (step S10), and the drive stop command unit 115 outputs a drive stop command to the rotation drive means 6 (step S11). Thereby, the rotational drive is smoothly started again from the next day.

According to the present embodiment as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
1. The wind pressure applied to the solar cell panel 2 can be reduced to prevent the building from shaking and the solar cell panel 2 being blown away.
2. The support base 61 can be reduced in weight and simplified, the initial cost and running cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.
3. Regardless of the weather, the solar cell panel 2 can be tracked on the solar orbit with high accuracy, and the amount of power generation can be increased.
4). The incident angle of sunlight on the solar cell panel 2 can be appropriately maintained, and a decrease in output due to a temperature rise can be suppressed.

  Hereinafter, the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 and the control program 1a thereof according to the present invention will be described based on specific examples. Note that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the features shown by the following embodiments.

<Relationship between step angle and power generation>
In Example 1, an experiment was conducted to verify the influence of the inclination angle formed by each solar cell panel 2 on the reference surface 31 of the reference frame 3 on the power generation amount. Specifically, one solar cell panel 2 (PV-MX126AF: nominal maximum output operating voltage 24V, nominal maximum output 126W) manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation was used, and a fixed load of 5.24Ω was connected thereto. In addition, the said nominal value is a value in AM1.5 prescribed | regulated by JISC8918, irradiance 1000W / m < ² >, and panel temperature 25 degreeC.

Then, with the irradiance being about 650 W / m ² , the incident angle (= 90 degrees−tilt angle) to the solar cell panel 2 was changed every 5 degrees from 0 degree to 90 degrees, and the output voltage was measured. . In addition, the power value and the power generation efficiency were calculated from the output voltage. The results are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. The power value was calculated by dividing the square of the voltage value by the resistance value. The power generation efficiency was calculated as the ratio of the power value to the maximum power value.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, when the incident angle is in the range from 90 degrees to 60 degrees, the amount of decrease in power generation efficiency is only within 1%. Further, even when the incident angle was in the range of 55 degrees to 40 degrees, the power generation efficiency did not decrease so much, and the maximum decrease was about 2.5%. On the other hand, when the incident angle was 35 degrees or less, the amount of decrease suddenly increased, and the power generation efficiency significantly decreased.

  From the above, according to Example 1, it was shown that the power generation efficiency hardly changed if the incident angle of sunlight with respect to the solar cell panel 2 was set to 40 degrees or more. In other words, it has been shown that if the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 is replaced, it is preferable to set the inclination angle with respect to the reference plane 31 to 50 degrees or less from the viewpoint of power generation efficiency.

<Relationship between tilt angle and temperature rise>
In Example 2, an experiment was conducted to verify the influence of the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 on the temperature rise of the solar cell panel 2. Specifically, two solar cell panels 2 identical to those in Example 1 were used, and a thermometer was attached to the center of the back surface of each solar cell panel 2. And the incident angle (= 90 degree | times-inclination | tilt angle) to the solar cell panel 2 was changed every 5 degrees from 0 degree | times, and the temperature of the solar cell panel 2 was measured.

  Moreover, the specification of the solar cell panel 2 used in the present Example 2 is a value when the panel temperature is 25 ° C. as described above. For this reason, 25 degreeC was subtracted from the measured panel temperature, and it was set as the loss temperature which produces an output loss. Moreover, the output fall (temperature loss) by this loss temperature was computed. The results are shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. In addition, since the solar cell panel 2 used in the present Example 2 is a crystal system, the temperature coefficient was set to 0.5% in calculating the output decrease.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, when the incident angle was 90 degrees, the temperature of the solar cell panel 2 rose the most, and the decrease in output became the maximum. Further, as the incident angle decreased, the panel temperature did not increase so much, and the decrease in output was suppressed.

  From the above, according to the present Example 2, it was shown that the fall of the output resulting from a temperature rise is suppressed, so that the incident angle of the sunlight with respect to the solar cell panel 2 is made as small as possible. That is, it has been shown that it is preferable to set the inclination angle with respect to the reference plane 31 as large as possible from the viewpoint of temperature rise.

<Relationship between tilt angle and wind pressure>
In Example 3, an experiment was conducted to verify the influence of the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 on the wind pressure received by the solar cell panel 2. Specifically, the solar cell panel 2 (ND-142CV: width 990 mm, depth 913 mm) manufactured by Sharp Corporation is arrayed by arranging three in the vertical direction, and the reference surface 31 is inclined by 51.6 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane. On the other hand, the solar orbit tracking type power generation system 1 arranged side by side in the left-right direction was assumed.

Then, the projected area with respect to the vertical plane when the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 was changed every 5 degrees from 0 degree to 80 degrees was calculated. Further, the wind pressure received by the projected area when the wind speed v was 20 m / s was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. The wind pressure p per unit area was calculated by p = 1/2 · ρ · v ² · C. However, (rho) is an air density (= 0.125) and C is a wind force coefficient (= 1).

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, when each solar cell panel 2 is arranged in a plane (when the inclination angle is 0 degree), the wind pressure received by the entire solar cell panel 2 is 203.4 kg. Further, the wind pressure was slightly higher in the range of the inclination angle of 5 degrees to 15 degrees than in the case of the planar arrangement. If the inclination angle is small, the wind passage is not sufficient and the wind pressure cannot be suppressed. On the other hand, when the inclination angle is 20 degrees or more, the projection area decreases as the inclination angle increases, and the wind pressure also decreases accordingly.

  From the above, according to the present Example 3, it was shown that the solar cell panel 2 is less affected by wind pressure as the projected area is smaller. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing the wind pressure, it has been shown that it is preferable to set the inclination angle with respect to the reference plane 31 as large as possible within the range of 20 degrees or more.

<Relationship between tilt angle and installation width>
In Example 4, an experiment was conducted to verify the influence of the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 on the installation width of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1. Specifically, a solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 in which three solar cell panels 2 that are the same as those in Example 3 are arranged in the left-right direction is assumed. And the installation width | variety in the left-right direction when the inclination-angle of the solar cell panel 2 was changed every 5 degrees from 0 degree to 60 degrees was computed. The results are shown in FIG. 15 and FIG.

  In Example 4, in order to prevent the solar cell panels 2 from blocking the sunlight incident on the adjacent solar cell panels 2, a shadow countermeasure width was set separately. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a point where a straight line that passes through the open ends 4 b of the left and center solar cell panels 2 and forms an angle of 15 degrees with respect to the normal of the reference surface 31 intersects the reference surface 31. Was set to a fixed position of the solar cell panel 2 adjacent to the right side. Thereby, the width | variety from the position suspended from the open end 4b of the solar cell panel 2 to the reference plane 31 to the said fixed position is set as two shadow countermeasure widths.

  As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, within the range of the inclination angle of 5 degrees to 15 degrees, due to the influence of the shadow countermeasure width, it is larger than the installation width when the inclination angle is 0 degrees (when arranged in a plane). It was getting bigger. On the other hand, in the case of 20 degrees, the installation width was the same as in the case of 0 degrees, and in the range of 25 degrees or more, the installation width gradually decreased as the inclination angle increased.

  From the above, according to the present Example 4, it was shown that the installation width of the solar cell panel 2 decreases when the inclination angle is set to 25 degrees or more. That is, it was shown that it is preferable to set the inclination angle with respect to the reference plane 31 to 25 degrees or more from the viewpoint of space saving.

  When the results of Examples 1 to 4 described above are combined, it is indicated that the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 is preferably set within a range of 25 degrees to 50 degrees. . However, if the tilt angle becomes too large, the solar cell panels 2 may be easily affected by shadows between the solar cell panels 2, and thus the tilt angle is considered to be most preferably around 40 degrees.

<Consideration of the inclination angle of the reference plane 31>
In Example 5, the inclination angle formed by the reference surface 31 of the reference frame 3 with respect to the horizontal plane was considered. First, when the solar battery panel 2 is fixedly installed without tracking the sunlight, the inclination angle greatly affects the power generation time. That is, the larger the tilt angle, the longer the time for sunlight to be located on the back surface of the solar cell panel 2, and the shorter the power generation time. For this reason, the inclination angle in the snow-free area is generally around 20 degrees. However, in snowy areas, it is often fixed at around 43 degrees in consideration of snowfall and the incident angle of sunlight in winter. Therefore, the amount of power generation in snowy areas tends to be small overall.

  On the other hand, when the solar cell panel 2 is tracked in the solar orbit as in the present invention, the influence of the inclination angle of the reference plane 31 on the power generation amount is small. Therefore, the inclination angle only needs to be within a range that ensures a state in which sunlight is incident on the solar cell panel 2 at an incident angle (effective incident angle) at which rated output is possible. Therefore, in Example 5, the inclination angle when using the solar cell panel 2 having an effective incident angle of 30 degrees was considered.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the position of the lowest sun where the solar cell panel 2 effectively generates power is a position about 10 degrees from the horizontal. For this reason, if the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 is about 20 degrees, the incident angle becomes 30 degrees. On the other hand, the elevation angle of the sun at noon before and after the summer solstice when the day is highest is about 70 degrees. For this reason, if the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 is about 80 degrees, the incident angle becomes 30 degrees. Therefore, if the inclination angle of the solar cell panel 2 is set within a range of 20 degrees to 80 degrees, an effective incident angle is secured from sunrise to sunset throughout the year.

  The angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the horizontal plane is defined by a synergistic action between the inclination angle formed by the reference plane 31 with respect to the horizontal plane and the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31. . For example, when the inclination angle formed by the reference plane 31 with respect to the horizontal plane is 40 degrees and the inclination angle formed by the solar cell panel 2 with respect to the reference plane 31 is 51.6 degrees, the solar cell panel 2 is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. The angle to be played is about 60 degrees, and an excellent snowfall effect can be achieved.

  As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, when the solar cell panel 2 is tracked in the solar orbit, the inclination angle formed by the reference plane 31 with respect to the horizontal plane has little influence on the power generation amount, and the solar cell panel 2 is installed. In view of the weight balance and snowfall action when performing the operation, it was shown that it can be appropriately set within the range of 20 to 80 degrees.

<Comparison between fixed type and tracking type>
In the present Example 6, the experiment which compares the electric power generation amount in the case where the solar cell panel 2 was fixedly installed, and the case where it was made to track on the solar orbit was conducted. Specifically, two solar cell panels 2 that are the same as those in Example 1 are prepared, one is fixed at an inclination angle of about 47 degrees, and the other is solar solar power using the solar-orbit tracking power generation system 1 of the present embodiment. Tracked in orbit. Then, a fixed load of 54.2Ω was connected to each solar cell panel 2, and the generated voltage on a clear day (May 20, 2009) was measured. The result is shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 18, when tracking is performed in the solar orbit (“tracking power” and “tracking voltage”), power generation is started at the same time as sunrise (around 4:30), and fixed installation is performed. Compared with ("fixed power" and "fixed voltage"), the time to start power generation was about 3 hours earlier. In addition, when tracking in the sun's orbit, power is generated at a high voltage until just before sunset (around 18:30), which is about 1.5 hours longer than when fixed. It was generating electricity.

  In Example 6, the generated power from April 13, 2009 to June 8, 2009 was measured every day using the experimental apparatus. The result is shown in FIG. Note that no data was measured on May 1st. As shown in FIG. 19, during almost all the days during the measurement period, the generated power when tracked exceeded the generated power when fixed. The average generated power when tracking was 412 W / day, whereas the average generated power when fixed was 278 W / day, and about 1.5 times as much power was generated.

  From the above, according to the present Example 6, it is shown that more generated power can be obtained when the solar cell panel 2 is tracked to the solar orbit as compared with the case where the solar cell panel 2 is fixedly installed. It was done.

<Verification of economic efficiency of solar orbit tracking power generation system 1>
In Example 7, the economic efficiency of the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 according to the present invention was verified. Conventionally, it is known that tracking a solar cell panel to the sun using a sensor or the like is more effective for solar power generation. However, a major factor that has not spread to date is the low cost effectiveness. That is, the conventional apparatus for tracking the sun has a problem that the initial cost and running cost are high, but the investment cannot be fully recovered.

  Therefore, in the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 according to the present invention, the entire system is configured using a frame material formed by bending a highly corrosion-resistant hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and the like, thereby realizing high ventilation and light weight. All parts were standardized using NC (Numerical Control) processing equipment such as a laser processing machine. Furthermore, in order to track the sun without using a sensor or the like, tracking trajectory data is prepared, and the control program 1a for processing the tracking trajectory data is compressed, and the control device is a general-purpose programmable controller (tens of thousands of yen). 9 was configured. In addition, each part is assembled so that it can be easily transported and can be assembled locally. With the above configuration, the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 according to the present invention can be provided at an initial cost substantially the same as that of a currently-distributed “Yagara” fixed mount.

  In addition, when tracking is performed by the sun, the amount of energy used for tracking drive has a large meaning. This is because the generated electricity is consumed in its own tracking drive energy. In this respect, the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 according to the present invention has a small energy for tracking driving due to weight reduction, and the geared motor 65 used in this system can be driven to rotate at about 60 W. The total driving time is about 30 minutes per day. Therefore, according to the present system, the running cost is extremely reduced.

  From the above, according to the seventh embodiment, it is shown that the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 according to the present invention can suppress the initial cost and the running cost and can obtain a sufficient cost-effectiveness by the increased power generation amount. It was.

  Note that the solar orbit tracking power generation system 1 and the control program 1a thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be changed as appropriate.

  For example, in addition to the configuration of the present embodiment described above, a reflector that reflects sunlight may be provided between the open end 4 b of the solar cell panel 2 and the reference frame 3. Specifically, the reflector is made of stainless steel, a mirror, or the like with high reflectivity, and a plurality of vent holes are formed. And it attaches to the ventilation support frame 5 so that the angle which reflects the reflected light from the adjacent solar cell panel 2 to the said solar cell panel 2 again may be made. Thereby, since a reflecting plate re-reflects the reflected light of each solar cell panel 2, and irradiates the said solar cell panel 2, the electric power generation amount improves.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar track tracking type power generation system 1a Control program 2 Solar cell panel 3 Reference frame 31 Reference surface 32 Horizontal frame 32a Front end 33 Vertical frame 33a Upper end 4 Ventilation inclination frame 4a Fixed end 4b Open end 5 Ventilation support frame 6 Rotation drive means Reference Signs List 61 Support stand 62 Fixed plate 63 Fixed shaft 64 Turntable 65 Geared motor 66 Chain 67 Ball caster 68 Bearing 69 Sensor box 7 Angle sensor 8 Snow cover sensor 9 Control device 10 Storage means 101 Program storage section 102 Tracking track data storage section 11 Calculation Processing unit 111 Trajectory trajectory data acquisition unit 112 Rotation drive time monitoring unit 113 Rotation drive command unit 114 Rotation angle monitoring unit 115 Drive stop command unit 116 Snow cover monitoring unit

Claims (3)

A plurality of solar panels,
A reference frame that is inclined in a direction in which the reference plane, which serves as a reference for installing each solar cell panel, faces the sun with respect to a horizontal plane;
The solar cell panels that are adjacent to each other in the lateral direction with respect to the reference plane are arranged to be inclined in the same direction on either the left and right sides, and a ventilation inclined frame that forms a ventilation path with the reference frame, and
A ventilation support frame that supports the ventilation inclined frame in an inclined state and forms a ventilation path to the back side of the solar cell panel;
Rotation drive means for rotating the reference frame around a substantially vertical line;
A solar orbit tracking power generation system comprising: a control device that controls the rotation driving means so as to track the solar cell panel in a solar orbit.   2. The solar-orbit tracking power generation system according to claim 1, wherein each of the solar cell panels is disposed on the ventilation inclined frame so as to form an inclination angle of 25 degrees to 50 degrees with respect to the reference plane. A control program for controlling the solar orbit tracking power generation system according to claim 1 or 2,
Tracking trajectory data storing tracking trajectory data determined by associating the azimuth angle of the sun at the installation location of the system with each rotational driving time set to drive the rotational driving means at predetermined time intervals A storage unit;
A tracking trajectory data acquisition unit that acquires tracking trajectory data of a predetermined date from the tracking trajectory data storage unit;
A rotational drive time monitoring unit that monitors whether or not a predetermined rotational drive time has been reached based on the acquired tracking trajectory data;
A rotation drive command unit that outputs a drive start command to the rotation drive means when the rotation drive time is reached;
Based on the output of the angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the reference frame, a rotation angle monitoring unit that monitors whether the rotation angle coincides with the azimuth angle at the rotation drive time;
A control program for a solar orbit tracking type power generation system that causes the control device to function as a drive stop command unit that outputs a drive stop command to the rotation drive means when the rotation angle and the azimuth angle match.