JP2010514387A - System and method for storing energy - Google Patents

Abstract

A self-charging battery is provided.
The battery includes a generator and an energy storage device housed in a battery case. The generator includes a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field and a coil, the coil configured to concentrate the compressed magnetic field within the electrically conductive element.
[Selection] Figure 33

Description

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for storing energy, and more particularly to systems and methods for carrying and converting energy to electrical current and storing the energy.
[Description of government interests]
This invention was made with US Government support under Contract No. DE-AC07-05-ID14517 with the US Department of Energy. The US government has rights in the invention.

  Conventional portable energy storage devices, such as batteries, storage capacitors, are disposable or can be charged by coupling the device to a remote electrical energy source. Disposable devices are inherently limited in the amount of energy that is portable and can be stored and provided to the user. Carrying additional disposable devices is costly and the user must accept the associated weight, storage space and disposal requirements. Also, disposable devices are bad for the environment. Traditional rechargeable devices are more environmentally friendly than non-rechargeable devices, but require a remote electrical energy source to charge and energy available between access to the remote electrical energy source and the next access Is limited. Charging also requires user intervention.

  Conventional swinging flashlights and swing-acting devices can store a limited amount of energy sufficient to power an LED for a short period of time, for example, but usually a conventional flashlight bulb, And other devices that draw large currents, such as cell phones, cameras, GPS systems, or conventional flashlights, do not generate enough energy. They are also bulky and obviously require body activity to charge the device. Also, conventional shake-acting devices cannot be easily used to supply power to another portable device. These devices also generate unacceptable levels of magnetic fields that can interfere with the operation of electronic devices such as mobile phones, pacemakers, and other medical devices.

  Conventional crank-powered devices have a much higher storage capacity than conventional swing-acting devices, but are also bulky and obviously require body activity to charge the device, which is another portable device May not be easily used to supply power, and may generate an unacceptable level of magnetic field.

  Electromagnetic devices and applications such as motors, generators, and alternators and electromechanical devices and applications typically use coils and / or magnets. Conventional magnetic structures use a single magnet or a plurality of arranged magnets to generate one magnetic field. These magnets are usually permanent magnets or electromagnets. The efficiency of many applications depends on the gradient of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic structure.

  In the past, increasing the size or number of coils, or increasing the size or strength of the magnet, was desired to increase power or performance. These approaches cause weight, cost, size, and durability problems and are not practical for many applications. Thus, it can be seen that there is a need for improved coils and magnets for use in electromagnetic devices and applications and electromechanical devices and applications.

  In one embodiment, the coil comprises an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the coil comprises a winding frame. In one embodiment, the first layer on the winding frame is a layer of electrically conductive windings. In one embodiment, the second layer of electrically conductive winding is adjacent to the first layer on the winding frame. In one embodiment, the layer of magnetically conductive winding is adjacent to the second layer of electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the layer of magnetically conductive winding is adjacent to the first layer on the winding frame. In one embodiment, the last layer on the winding frame is a layer of electrically conductive windings. In one embodiment, the last layer on the winding frame is a layer of electrically conductive windings. In one embodiment, the layer of magnetically conductive winding is between the two layers of electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the multiple layers of the magnetically conductive winding are between two layers of the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop. In one embodiment, the coil has a trapezoidal portion. In one embodiment, the coil is wound around a core. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive winding and the magnetically conductive winding constitute a double conductor winding. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding is made of a silver / nickel alloy. In one embodiment, the coil further comprises an insulator layer, and the electrically conductive winding is a wiring formed on the insulator layer.

  In one embodiment, the winding comprises an electrically conductive wire and a magnetically conductive wire that is insulated from and secured to the electrically conductive wire and configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive wire. . In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive line forms a closed loop. In one embodiment, the magnetic conductive wire is secured to the magnetic conductive wire by an insulator. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive wire forms the core of the winding and is surrounded by an insulating layer, and the electrically conductive wire surrounds the insulating layer. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive wire is a stranded wire.

  In one embodiment, the system comprises a magnetic structure and a coil, the coil comprising an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive winding. Prepare. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and generate an electrical signal in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical power transmission system configured to receive energy. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the magnetic structure and configured to move the magnetic structure relative to the coil in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to move the magnetic structure linearly. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to rotate the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to move the magnetic structure radially. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the coil and is configured to move the coil relative to the magnetic structure in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the coil is configured to receive an electrical signal and the system is configured to generate mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical power transmission system.

  In one embodiment, the system comprises a coil comprising means for conducting an electrical signal and means for concentrating magnetic flux in the means for conducting an electrical signal, and a magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the means for concentrating the magnetic flux is a winding made of a silver / nickel alloy. In one embodiment, the means for conducting electrical signals is a stranded copper wire. In one embodiment, the coil further comprises a first insulating substrate, and the means for conducting an electrical signal is an electrically conductive wiring formed on the first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the means for concentrating the magnetic flux is a magnetic conductive wiring formed on the first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive wiring is formed on the first surface of the first insulating substrate, and the magnetic conductive wiring is formed on the first surface of the first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the coil further comprises a plurality of insulating substrates, and the means for conducting electrical signals is a plurality of electrically conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates. The means for concentrating the magnetic flux comprises a plurality of magnetic conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates.

  In one embodiment, a method for generating an electrical signal includes causing relative movement between a magnetic structure and an electrically conductive winding, and a magnetic flux generated by the magnetic structure in the electrically conductive winding. Concentrating using magnetically conductive windings. In one embodiment, the method further includes forming a closed loop with the magnetically conductive winding.

  In one embodiment, the coil includes a plurality of insulating substrates, a plurality of electrically conductive wirings formed on a first set of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates, and the plurality of insulating substrates. A plurality of magnetically conductive wirings formed on the selected second set of substrates. In one embodiment, the selected first set of substrates is every other substrate of the plurality of insulating substrates, and the plurality of electrically conductive wires is the selected first set of substrates. It is the electrically conductive wiring formed on each of these. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrically conductive wires are electrically coupled in series. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnetically conductive wires are electrically coupled to form a closed loop.

  In one embodiment, a method for generating a mechanical force includes generating a magnetic field, concentrating the magnetic field within an electrically conductive element, and conducting current through the electrically conductive element. In one embodiment, the current is alternating current. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying the mechanical force to generate a linear motion of the transmission system. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying the mechanical force to generate a rotational motion of the transmission system. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying the mechanical force to generate a radial motion of the transmission system. In one embodiment, the current is direct current. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive element comprises a layer of electrically conductive winding, and concentrating the magnetic field in the electrically conductive winding is magnetic between the two layers of the electrically conductive winding. Including inserting a conductive winding. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop.

  In one embodiment, the system includes a first magnet housing, a first magnet secured within the first magnet housing and having a first pole having a first polarity and a second pole having a second polarity, and the first magnet housing. And a second magnet having a first pole having a first polarity and a second pole having a second polarity, the first pole of the second magnet being substantially opposite to the first pole of the first magnet. Generate a magnetic field that is held apart and compressed. In one embodiment, the first magnet is a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a coil. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and generate an electrical signal in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and generate mechanical force in response to the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical power transmission system. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the first magnet housing and is configured to move the first magnet housing relative to the coil in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to move the first magnet housing linearly. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to rotate the first magnet housing. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a third magnet secured within the first magnet housing and having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, the second of the third magnet. A pole is held generally opposite the second pole of the first magnet to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the coil is configured to pass between the first and second magnets when rotating the first magnet housing. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the coil and is configured to move the coil relative to the first magnet housing in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system comprises a repelling magnet. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system comprises a mechanical repulsion system. In one embodiment, the coil is configured to receive an electrical signal and the system is configured to move the first magnet housing relative to the coil in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and move the first magnet housing relative to the coil in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a second coil. In one embodiment, the coil has an axis that is at least generally aligned with an axis along which the first magnet housing moves relative to the coil. In one embodiment, the system includes a second magnet housing, a third magnet secured within the second magnet housing and having a first pole having a first polarity and a second pole having a second polarity, and the second magnet. A fourth magnet fixed in the magnet housing and having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, wherein the first pole of the third magnet is connected to the first pole of the fourth magnet; Generates a compressed magnetic field that is held generally spaced apart. In one embodiment, the second magnet housing is substantially perpendicular to the first magnet housing. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a second coil. In one embodiment, the first magnet housing is supported by a gimbal. In one embodiment, the electrical signal includes a DC current. In one embodiment, the electrical signal includes an AC current, and the system further comprises a rectifier circuit coupled to the coil and configured to convert the AC current to a DC current. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a power storage device coupled to the rectifier circuit for storing the power generated by the system. In one embodiment, the system further comprises an inverter coupled to the power storage device and configured to supply alternating current to the power distribution system. In one embodiment, the system is configured to convert wave energy into an electrical signal.

  In one embodiment, the magnetic structure is secured within the magnet housing, a first magnet secured within the magnet housing and having a first polarity first pole and a second polarity second pole, and the magnet housing. A second magnet having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, wherein the first pole of the second magnet is held substantially opposite to the first pole of the first magnet. Generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the first magnet is a permanent magnet. In one embodiment, the first magnet is a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the first magnet is an electromagnet. In one embodiment, the space between the first and second magnets is substantially filled with a nonmagnetic material. In one embodiment, the non-magnetic material is air. In one embodiment, the non-magnetic material is a fluoropolymer resin. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure further comprises a third magnet fixed in the magnet housing and having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, Two poles are held generally opposite and spaced from the second pole of the first magnet to produce a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the first pole is an N pole. In one embodiment, the surface of the first pole of the first magnet is at least generally planar. In one embodiment, the surface of the first pole of the second magnet is at least generally planar. In one embodiment, the surface of the first pole of the first magnet is at least generally convex. In one embodiment, the surface of the first pole of the first magnet is at least generally concave. In one embodiment, the first magnet is generally rectangular. In one embodiment, the first magnet is generally spherical. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure further comprises a suspension system. In one embodiment, the suspension system is supported by a gimbal. In one embodiment, gravity is used to position the magnetic structure within the suspension system. In one embodiment, the suspension system is configured to use gyroscope principles to position the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the magnet housing is evacuated and sealed.

  In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a plurality of magnets and means configured to hold the plurality of magnets spaced apart from each other and generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the means for holding the magnet comprises a magnet housing having a threaded inner surface. In one embodiment, the means for holding the magnet comprises a tab configured to hold the plurality of magnets in a fixed position relative to each other. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure further comprises means coupled to the means for holding a magnet and transmitting mechanical energy.

  In one embodiment, a method of generating power includes generating a compressed magnetic field using a plurality of magnets spaced apart from each other, and relative movement between the electrically conductive winding and the compressed magnetic field. Generating. Generating the compressed magnetic field includes generating a compressed magnetic field by holding the plurality of magnets in a fixed position relative to each other and holding the same poles of the magnets opposite each other. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets consists of two magnets, and the distance between the two magnets is less than the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the method further includes rectifying the current generated in the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the method further includes storing the rectified current in an energy storage system. In one embodiment, generating the relative movement includes moving the electrically conductive winding relative to the plurality of magnets. In one embodiment, generating the relative motion includes moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding includes moving the plurality of magnets along a generally linear path. In one embodiment, moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding includes moving the plurality of magnets generally along a radial path. In one embodiment, moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding includes rotating the plurality of magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises optimizing the gradient of the compressed magnetic field.

  In one embodiment, a method for generating mechanical force includes generating a compressed magnetic field and conducting current through an electrically conductive winding within the compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, generating the compressed magnetic field generates a compressed magnetic field by holding a plurality of magnets in a fixed position relative to each other and holding the same poles of the magnets opposite each other. Including doing. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets consists of two magnets, and the distance between the two magnets is less than the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the current is alternating current. In one embodiment, the current is direct current. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying a mechanical force to cause the transmission system to generate a generally linear motion. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying a mechanical force to cause the transmission system to generate a generally rotational motion.

  In one embodiment, the system generates a compressed magnetic field with a coil comprising an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive winding. And a structured magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a first magnet housing, a first magnet fixed in the first magnet housing and having a first pole having a first polarity and a second pole having a second polarity, and the first magnet. A second magnet having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity fixed in the one magnet housing, wherein the first pole of the second magnet and the first pole of the first magnet Generates a compressed magnetic field that is held generally spaced apart. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and generate an electrical signal in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the electrical signal includes an AC current, and the system further comprises a rectifier circuit coupled to the coil and configured to convert the AC current to a DC current. In one embodiment, the electrical signal includes a DC current. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and generate mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical power transmission system. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the magnetic structure and configured to move the magnetic structure relative to the coil in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to move the magnetic structure linearly. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to rotate the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is configured to move the magnetic structure along a radial path. In one embodiment, the mechanical power transmission system is coupled to the coil and is configured to move the coil relative to the magnetic structure in response to receiving energy. In one embodiment, the coil is configured to receive an electrical signal and the system is configured to move the magnetic structure relative to the coil in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and move the magnetic structure relative to the coil in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive energy and move the coil relative to the magnetic structure in response to receiving the energy. In one embodiment, the coil has an axis that is at least generally aligned with an axis along which the magnetic structure moves relative to the coil. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a suspension system supported by a gimbal. In one embodiment, the system is configured to convert wave energy into an electrical signal. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding is configured as a closed loop. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a garment configured to couple the system to a person. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a coupler configured to couple the coil to a power grid.

  In one embodiment, a method of generating electrical power includes generating a compressed magnetic field using a plurality of magnets spaced apart from each other and moving an electrically conductive winding relative to the compressed magnetic field. And concentrating the magnetic flux in the electrically conductive winding using a magnetically conductive winding. Generating the compressed magnetic field includes generating a compressed magnetic field by holding the plurality of magnets in a fixed position relative to each other and holding the same poles of the magnets opposite each other. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets consists of two magnets, and the distance between the two magnets is less than the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the method further includes rectifying the current generated in the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the method further includes storing the rectified current in an energy storage system. In one embodiment, moving the electrically conductive winding relative to the compressed magnetic field includes moving the electrically conductive winding relative to the plurality of magnets. In one embodiment, moving the electrically conductive winding relative to the compressed magnetic field includes moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding includes moving the plurality of magnets along a generally linear path. In one embodiment, moving the plurality of magnets relative to the electrically conductive winding includes rotating the plurality of magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises optimizing the gradient of the compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop. In one embodiment, the method further includes coupling the electrically conductive winding to a power grid. In one embodiment, the method further includes generating an alternating current in the electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the method further includes generating a direct current in the electrically conductive winding.

  In one embodiment, a method of generating mechanical force includes generating a compressed magnetic field, using a magnetically conductive winding to concentrate magnetic flux in the electrically conductive winding, and Conducting current through the electrically conductive winding in a generated magnetic field. In one embodiment, generating the compressed magnetic field generates a compressed magnetic field by holding a plurality of magnets in a fixed position relative to each other and holding the same poles of the magnets opposite each other. Including doing. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets consists of two magnets, and the distance between the two magnets is less than the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the current is alternating current. In one embodiment, the current is direct current. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying a mechanical force to cause the transmission system to generate a generally linear motion. In one embodiment, the method further includes applying a mechanical force to cause the transmission system to generate a generally rotational motion. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop.

  In one embodiment, the garment generates a compressed magnetic field with a coil comprising an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive winding. And a structured magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a first magnet housing, a first magnet fixed in the first magnet housing and having a first pole having a first polarity and a second pole having a second polarity, and the first magnet. A second magnet having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity fixed in the one magnet housing, wherein the first pole of the second magnet and the first pole of the first magnet Generates a compressed magnetic field that is held generally spaced apart. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure and the coil are housed in a battery case.

  In one embodiment, the system comprises a coil comprising means for conducting current in response to changes in magnetic flux and means for concentrating the magnetic flux within the means for conducting current, and means for generating a compressed magnetic field. Is provided. In one embodiment, the means for conducting current is an electrically conductive winding and the means for concentrating magnetic flux is a magnetically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive winding forms a closed loop. In one embodiment, the means for generating a compressed magnetic field includes a first magnet housing, a first pole fixed within the first magnet housing and having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity. A magnet, and a second magnet fixed in the first magnet housing and having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, the first pole of the second magnet being the first magnet And is held generally opposite and spaced from the first pole of the first to produce a compressed magnetic field.

  The battery includes a case, a first generator housed in the case and configured to convert energy received by the battery into electrical energy, a first energy storage device housed in the case, A second energy storage device housed in the case, and electrical energy from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device housed in the case and coupled to the first and second energy storage devices A control module configured to control the transfer of the plurality of contact terminals and a plurality of contact terminals. In one embodiment, the first energy storage device comprises an ultracapacitor and the second energy storage device comprises a lithium battery. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises a third energy storage device. In one embodiment, the third energy storage device is coupled in series with the second energy storage device. In one embodiment, the third energy storage device is coupled in parallel with the first energy storage device. In one embodiment, the battery further includes a connector that houses the plurality of contact terminals. In one embodiment, the case and the contact terminal have an AA battery configuration. In one embodiment, the first generator includes a coil and a magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the coil comprises an electrically conductive element and a magnetically conductive element. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the plurality of contact terminals are electrically coupled to the control module. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises a second generator housed in the case, wherein the first generator is oriented in a first direction and the second generator is different from the first direction. Turn to the direction. In one embodiment, the control module is further configured to control the transfer of energy between the second energy storage device and the contact terminal. In one embodiment, transferring energy between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal includes transferring energy from the contact terminal to the second energy storage device. In one embodiment, the transfer of energy between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal includes the transfer of energy from the contact terminal to the first energy storage device. In one embodiment, the control module is further configured to control the transfer of energy between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises a suspension system coupled to the generator. In one embodiment, the suspension system is tuned to optimize the conversion of the expected pattern of movement into electrical energy. In one embodiment, the suspension system is supported by a gimbal. In one embodiment, the suspension system comprises a gyroscope system. The generator is configured to convert energy received through movement of the battery. In one embodiment, the generator is configured to convert parasitically received energy. In one embodiment, the case includes a magnetic shield.

  In one embodiment, the battery is housed in a case, a coil housed in the case, a magnetic structure housed in the case and configured to generate a compressed magnetic field, and housed in the case. A first energy storage device, a plurality of contact terminals coupled to the case, and a control module housed in the case and coupled to the coil and the first energy storage device. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a plurality of rare earth magnets separated from each other, and the same poles of adjacent magnets of the plurality of rare earth magnets are arranged to face each other. In one embodiment, the plurality of magnets are held in proper positions relative to each other. In one embodiment, the space between two magnets of the plurality of magnets is substantially filled with a nonmagnetic material. In one embodiment, the non-magnetic material is air. In one embodiment, the nonmagnetic material is a fluoropolymer resin. In one embodiment, the case is evacuated and sealed. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises a suspension system coupled to the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the suspension system is tuned to optimize the conversion of the expected pattern of movement into electrical energy. In one embodiment, the coil comprises an electrically conductive element and a magnetically conductive element. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive element is configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive element.

  In one embodiment, the battery is a case, a coil housed in the case, having an electrically conductive element and a magnetic conductive element, a magnetic structure, and a first energy storage device housed in the case. And a plurality of contact terminals coupled to the case, and a control module housed in the case and coupled to the coil and the first energy storage device. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive element is configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive element. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive wire in a multi-wire winding and the magnetically conductive element is a magnetic conductive wire in the multi-wire winding. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive winding and the magnetically conductive element is a magnetically conductive winding. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive wiring formed on a first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the magnetically conductive element is a magnetically conductive wiring formed on the first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive wiring is formed on the first surface of the first insulating substrate, and the magnetic conductive wiring is formed on the first surface of the first insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises a plurality of insulating substrates, and the electrically conductive element comprises a plurality of electrically conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates, The magnetic conductive element includes a plurality of magnetic conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, one of the plurality of contact terminals is electrically coupled to a contact terminal of an external battery. In one embodiment, the battery has a first orientation and the external battery has a second orientation that is different from the first orientation.

  In one embodiment, the battery has a case, means for converting the battery motion into current, first means for storing energy stored in the case, and second means for storing energy stored in the case. Means for controlling the transfer of energy from the means for converting motion to the first means for storing energy stored in the case; and means for accessing energy stored in the first means for storing energy With. In one embodiment, the battery is further housed in the case and further comprises third means for storing energy. In one embodiment, the means for converting motion comprises means for conducting current and means for generating a magnetic field. In one embodiment, the means for generating a magnetic field is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises means for conducting magnetic flux. In one embodiment, the battery further comprises means for facilitating relative movement of the means for conducting current relative to the means for generating a magnetic field.

  In one embodiment, a method of operating a battery includes moving the battery, converting energy received through movement of the battery into current, and a plurality of energy storage devices housed within the battery. Controlling the transfer of energy to. In one embodiment, controlling the transfer of energy includes storing energy of the current in a first energy storage device among the plurality of energy storage devices and from the first energy storage device to the plurality of energy sources. Controlling the transfer of energy to a second energy storage device of the storage device. In one embodiment, controlling the transfer of energy includes rectifying the current. In one embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the transfer of energy from the battery to the load. In one embodiment, the method further includes providing a current to the battery and controlling storing energy of the provided current in the battery. In one embodiment, converting the energy received through the movement of the battery into a current includes generating a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, converting energy received via movement of the battery into current further comprises concentrating the compressed magnetic field in an electrically conductive winding. In one embodiment, generating the compressed magnetic field includes maintaining two spaced apart magnets with the same poles facing each other closer to the ambient distance. In one embodiment, converting energy received via movement of the battery into current includes concentrating a magnetic field within the electrically conductive element. In one embodiment, concentrating the magnetic field within the electrically conductive element includes positioning the magnetically conductive element with respect to the electrically conductive element to concentrate the magnetic field. In one embodiment, converting energy received via movement of the battery into current includes directing a generator contained within the battery. In one embodiment, converting the energy received through the movement of the battery into a current includes converting the energy into a relative movement between the electrically conductive winding and the magnetic field. In one embodiment, the relative motion is generally linear. In one embodiment, the relative movement is generally rotational.

  In one embodiment, the system has a first battery having a first orientation and comprising means for converting energy into a first electrical signal, electrically coupled to the first battery, and having a second orientation. And a second battery comprising means for converting energy into a second electrical signal. In one embodiment, the second orientation is substantially perpendicular to the first orientation. In one embodiment, the means for converting energy into a first electrical signal comprises a control module configured to control the transfer of electrical energy from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device. In one embodiment, the means for converting energy into a first electrical signal comprises means for generating a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the means for converting energy into a first electrical signal comprises an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive winding. .

  The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes and angles of the various elements are not drawn to scale, and some elements are enlarged and arranged to improve the readability of the drawings. Also, the particular shapes depicted of these elements are not necessarily intended to convey information about the actual shapes, but are selected only for ease of understanding.

It is sectional drawing along the diameter of the conventional coil. It is sectional drawing along the diameter of embodiment of the coil which concerns on this invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a coil according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of an embodiment of a double conductor winding suitable for use in the coil embodiment of FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a coil according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a coil according to the present invention. It is a top view of another embodiment of a coil concerning the present invention. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the embodiment of the coil of FIG. 7. FIG. 8 is a side view of the embodiment of the coil of FIG. 7. It is a top view of another embodiment of a coil concerning the present invention. It is a side view of another embodiment of the coil which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the conventional magnetic structure. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets which the same poles mutually opposed and separated by surrounding distance. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets which the same poles mutually opposed and separated by surrounding distance. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets which the same poles substantially contacted. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets which the same poles substantially contacted. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets where the same poles mutually opposed and separated by the distance between the surrounding distance and the contact position. It is a figure which illustrates the magnetic flux produced | generated by the two permanent magnets where the same poles mutually opposed and separated by the distance between the surrounding distance and the contact position. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a magnetic structure according to the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a magnetic structure according to the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a magnetic structure according to the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a magnetic structure according to the present invention. It is a sectional side view along the diameter of another embodiment of the magnetic structure concerning this invention. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a magnetic structure according to the present invention. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of a power generator system. FIG. 23 is a schematic front view of the system of FIG. 22 at different points in time. FIG. 23 is a side cross-sectional view of an armature included in the system of FIG. It is a schematic front view of the system which concerns on another embodiment of a generator. FIG. 26 is a side cross-sectional view of an armature included in the system of FIG. 25. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a system according to the present invention. 1 is a plan view of a system according to the present invention. FIG. 30 is a side cross-sectional view of the system of FIG. 29 taken along diameter line 30-30. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional side view along the diameter of an embodiment of a system using the embodiment shown in FIGS. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side view along the diameter of an embodiment of a system using the embodiment shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of an embodiment of a battery. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a battery. FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a battery. FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of a linear generator suitable for use in the embodiment shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 is a high level flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for charging a portable energy storage device. FIG. 6 is a high level flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for operating a portable energy storage device. It is a perspective view which illustrates an actual use of an embodiment of a power generator. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system for generating power. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a self-powered device. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system according to the present invention. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a system according to the present invention. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a garment according to the present invention. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention. FIG. 46 is a plan view of an embodiment of a rotor suitable for use in the embodiment of the system shown in FIG.

  In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of apparatus, methods, and articles. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other embodiments without these details can be implemented. In other instances, well-known structures and methods relating to batteries, linear generators and control systems have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments.

  Unless otherwise considered in context, in the following description and claims, “comprising” and variations thereof “consisting of” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to” It is.

As used herein, “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments. Thus, “in one embodiment” at various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, or all embodiments. In addition, various specific features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments.
Each heading is provided for convenience only and does not explain the scope or meaning of the present disclosure or the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of a conventional coil 100. The coil 100 includes a nonmagnetic winding frame 102 and a nonmagnetic electrically conductive winding 104. The winding consists of one or more windings of a conductive material and may consist of one or more layers. As illustrated, the winding 104 consists of nine turns and three layers. As illustrated, the electrically conductive windings 104 are connected together. In other conventional coils, a plurality of electrically conductive windings that may be electrically connected in series or in parallel may be used. The electrically conductive winding 104 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material, such as a metal material, such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and / or an alloy coated with copper, silver or tin. The electrically conductive winding 104 may be made of, for example, a single wire (including, for example, a flat wire, a bundle wire, a stranded wire, or a sheet). The electrically conductive winding 104 is significantly different in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. The electrically conductive winding 104 is typically coated with an insulating material 120. The electrically conductive winding 104 is coupled to the leads 122 and 124 to form the coil 100.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of an embodiment of the bimetal coil 200. The coil 200 includes a nonmagnetic winding frame 202, a nonmagnetic electrically conductive winding 204, and a magnetic conductive winding 206. The use of an electrically conductive winding, such as the electrically conductive winding 204, with a magnetically conductive winding, such as the magnetically conductive winding 206, may result in an electrically conductive winding of the coil, eg, the winding 204 of the coil 200. Facilitates the concentration of the magnetic field passing through or produced thereby. The concentration of the magnetic field can greatly increase the efficiency of the coil 200. For example, if the coil 200 is used in a generator, when the magnet passes through the coil 200, the electrically conductive winding 204 generates an electron current while the magnetically conductive winding 206 is an electrically conductive winding. The magnetic flux is concentrated in 204, and the electric power output from the coil 200 is increased.

  The first layer 208 and the second layer 210 of the electrically conductive winding 204 are wound around the winding frame 202. In one embodiment, the electrically conductive windings 204 are connected together. In other embodiments, the electrically conductive winding 204 may comprise a plurality of windings that may be electrically connected in series or in parallel. The first layer 212 of the magnetic conductive winding 206 is wound on the second layer 210 of the electrically conductive winding 204. The third layer 214 and the fourth layer 216 of the electrically conductive winding 204 are wound on the first layer 212 of the magnetically conductive winding 206. The second layer 218 of the magnetic conductive winding 206 is wound on the fourth layer 216 of the electrically conductive winding 204. The fifth layer 219 of the electrically conductive winding 204 is wound on the second layer 218 of the magnetically conductive winding 206.

  The electrically conductive winding 204 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material, such as a metallic material such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and / or an alloy coated with copper, silver or tin. The electrically conductive winding 204 may be composed of, for example, a single wire, a bundled wire, a stranded wire, or a sheet. The electrically conductive winding 204 differs greatly in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. The electrically conductive winding 204 is typically coated with an insulating material 220. Electrically conductive winding 204 is coupled to leads 222 and 224 to form coil 200.

  The magnetic conductive winding 206 may be any suitable magnetic conductive material, such as a magnetic shielding material, such as nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, plastic magnetic shielding material, and / or nickel / iron. It may be made of / copper / molybdenum alloy. Magnetic shielding materials are commercially available in several trademarks including MuMetal®, Hipernom®, HyMu 80®, and Permalloy®. The magnetic conductive winding 206 may be composed of, for example, a single wire, a bundled wire, a stranded wire, or a sheet. The magnetic conductive winding 206 differs greatly in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. The magnetic conductive winding 206 is typically coated with an insulating material 226. The magnetically conductive winding 206 forms a closed loop as indicated by connection 228 and is connected to ground 230 as shown.

  Other configurations of layers of electrically conductive windings and magnetically conductive windings may be used. For example, instead of two layers of electrically conductive windings alternating with one layer of magnetically conductive windings as illustrated, m and n are positive integers and m layers of electrically conductive windings. May alternate with n layers of magnetically conductive windings. In another embodiment, m and n need not be constant. For example, the number of layers may be increased or decreased. Examples of layer patterns are 2E, 1M, 3E, 2M, 4E, where E represents an electrically conductive layer and M represents a magnetically conductive layer.

  Usually, the first and final layers are the layers of the electrically conductive winding 204. In one experiment, the configuration where the first and final layers were electrically conductive windings 204 showed better performance in generator applications than when the final layer was magnetically conductive windings 206. In another example, multiple electrically conductive windings may be used.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of the bimetallic coil 300. The coil 300 comprises a winding frame 302 and a double conductor winding in the form of a bimetal winding 304 as illustrated. The double-conductor winding 304 is an electrically conductive winding in the form of a wire 306, a magnetically conductive winding in the form of a wire 308, and an inner layer 310 made of an insulating material between the electrically conductive wire 306 and the magnetically conductive wire 308. And an outer layer 312 made of an insulating material. The outer layer 312 made of an insulating material and the inner layer 310 made of an insulating material may be integrated. The double conductor winding 304 is significantly different in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. As illustrated, the electrically conductive wire 306 and the magnetically conductive wire 308 are approximately the same size. In some embodiments, the electrically conductive wire 306 and the magnetically conductive wire 308 may be different in size.

  The electrically conductive wire 306 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. Electrically conductive wire 306 is coupled to leads 314 and 316 to form coil 300. The magnetic conductive wire 308 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the magnetic conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The magnetically conductive wire 308 may form a closed loop as indicated by connection 318 and be connected to ground 320. As illustrated, the winding 304 is wound such that the electrically conductive wire 306 is closest to the inner surface 322 of the winding frame 302 and the magnetic conductive wire 308 is furthest from the inner surface 322 of the winding frame 302. . As illustrated, the insulating layer 310 separating the electrically conductive wire 306 and the magnetically conductive wire 308 is substantially parallel to the inner surface 322. In some embodiments, the insulating layer 310 that separates the electrically conductive wire 306 and the magnetically conductive wire 308 may be oblique to the inner surface 322. For example, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 310 is substantially perpendicular to the inner surface 322. As illustrated, the double conductor winding 304 is a single layer of three turns. In some embodiments, this winding may be multi-layered. In some embodiments, additional windings may be used.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of one embodiment of a dual conductor winding 404 suitable for use in the embodiment of the coil 300 illustrated in FIG. The double conductor winding 404 is an electrically conductive winding in the form of a wire 406, a magnetic conductive winding in the form of a wire 408, and an inner layer 410 made of an insulating material between the electrically conductive wire 406 and the magnetic conductive wire 408. And an outer layer 412 made of an insulating material. The electrically conductive wire 406 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The electrically conductive wire 406 differs greatly in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. The magnetic conductive wire 408 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the magnetic conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The magnetic conductive wire 408 differs greatly in size from that shown, and may be much smaller or much larger.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a bimetal coil 500. The coil 500 has a winding frame 502. The first electrically conductive winding 504a is wound around the winding frame 502 in two layers. The first magnetic conductive winding 506 a is wound around the outer side of the two layers of the first electrically conductive winding 504 a on the winding frame 502. The first electrically conductive winding 504a is coupled to the leads 508a and 510a to form the first electrically conductive winding 504a. The first magnetic conductive winding 506a forms a closed loop as indicated by the first connection loop 512a. The second electrically conductive winding 504b is wound around the winding frame 502 in two layers adjacent to the first electrically conductive winding 504a. The second magnetic conductive winding 506b is wound adjacent to the first magnetic conductive winding 506a outside the two layers of the second electrically conductive winding 504b on the winding frame 502. The second electrically conductive winding 504b is coupled to the leads 508b and 510b to form the second electrically conductive winding 504b. The second magnetic conductive winding 506b forms a closed loop as indicated by the second connection loop 512b. Additional windings may be added to the coil 500, as shown by the electrically conductive winding 504n coupled to the leads 508n, 510n and the magnetically conductive winding 506n forming a closed loop indicated by connection 512n. . In some embodiments, the electrically conductive windings (eg, windings 504a, 504b,... 504n) may be coupled electrically in parallel or in series, or various combinations thereof.

  The electrically conductive windings 504a, 504b,... 504n may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The electrically conductive windings 504a, 504b,... 504n differ greatly in size from those shown, and may be much smaller or much larger. The magnetically conductive windings 506a, 506b,... 506n may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the magnetic conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The magnetic conductive windings 506a, 506b,... 506n are significantly different in size from those shown and may be much smaller or much larger. Bimetal windings such as bimetal winding 304 of FIG. 3 or bimetal winding 404 of FIG. 4 may be used. Typically, the coil 500 has an additional layer for each winding (the outer layer is a layer of an electrically conductive winding such as winding 504a), but the additional layers are omitted for ease of illustration. Yes.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of another embodiment of a bimetal coil 600. The coil 600 includes a nonmagnetic winding frame 602, a nonmagnetic electrically conductive winding 604, and a magnetic conductive winding 606. The first layer 608 and the second layer 610 of the electrically conductive winding 604 are wound around the nonmagnetic winding frame 602. The layer 612 of the magnetic conductive winding 606 is wound over the second layer 610 of the electrically conductive winding 604.

  The electrically conductive winding 604 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The electrically conductive winding 604 is typically coated with an insulating material 614. Electrically conductive winding 604 is coupled to leads 616 and 618 to form coil 600. The magnetic conductive winding 606 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material. For example, the materials and configurations described with respect to the magnetic conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 (eg, single wire or stranded wire) may be used. The magnetic conductive winding 606 is typically coated with an insulating material 620. The magnetically conductive winding 606 forms a closed loop as shown by connection 622 and may be connected to ground (see ground 230 in FIG. 2). In some embodiments, bimetal or double conductor windings may be used (see double conductor winding 304 in FIG. 3).

  The winding frame 602 has an internal length 624 and an external length 626 that are different. As illustrated, the inner length 624 is shorter than the outer length 626. This length difference facilitates concentrating the magnetic field within the electrically conductive winding 604.

  7-9 illustrate another embodiment of a bimetal coil 700. FIG. 7-9 are not drawn at a uniform magnification for ease of illustration. FIG. 7 is a top view of the coil 700. The coil 700 includes an insulator layer 702 having an upper surface 704. The insulator layer 702 is made of, for example, an integrated circuit board, a substrate, or a thin film or sheet of an insulator. Commercially available insulating materials are sold under the trademark Mylar®. An electrically conductive winding in the form of a wiring 706 is formed on the upper surface 704 of the insulator layer 702. The electrically conductive wiring 706 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, an alloy, or the like. The materials described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas. The insulator layer 702 has an opening 708.

  FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the embodiment of the coil 700 of FIG. Insulator layer 702 has a lower surface 716. A magnetic conductive winding in the form of wiring 718 is formed on the lower surface 716 of the insulator layer 702. The magnetic conductive wiring 718 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material, such as nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, and the like. The materials described with respect to the magnetically conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas. FIG. 9 is a side view of the embodiment of the coil 700 of FIG. 7 and shows an optional core 730 of the coil 700. The core 730 may be an iron core, for example.

  FIG. 10 is a top view of another embodiment of the bimetal coil 1000. Coil 1000 includes an insulator layer 1002 having an upper surface 1004. The insulator layer 1002 is made of, for example, an integrated circuit board, a substrate, or an insulator thin film. An electrically conductive winding in the form of a wiring 1006 is formed on the upper surface 1004 of the insulator layer 1002. The electrically conductive wiring 1006 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, alloy, or the like. The materials described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas. The insulator layer 1002 has an opening 1008. A magnetic conductive winding in the form of wiring 1018 is formed on the top surface 1004 of the insulator layer 1002. The magnetic conductive wiring 1018 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material, such as nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, and the like. For example, the materials described with respect to the magnetically conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas.

  FIG. 11 is a side view of another embodiment of the bimetal coil 1100. The coil 1100 includes a plurality of insulating layers 1102. A wiring 1106 of electrically conductive material is formed on selected surfaces 1130, 1132, 1134, 1136 of the plurality of insulating layers 1102. A wiring 1118 of magnetically conductive material is formed on selected surfaces 1138, 1140 of the plurality of insulating layers 1102. The insulator layer 1102 has an opening 1108. As illustrated, the coil 1100 includes three insulator layers 1102. Fewer or additional insulator layers 1102 may be used. In some embodiments, the electrically conductive material wiring 1106 and the magnetically conductive material wiring 1118 may be formed in different patterns on selected surfaces of the plurality of insulator layers 1102. For example, the wiring 1106 made of an electrically conductive material and the wiring 1118 made of a magnetic conductive material may be formed on alternate surfaces of a plurality of insulator layers. In another embodiment, the electrically conductive material wiring 1106 and the magnetically conductive material wiring 1118 may be formed on the same surface of one insulator layer 1102 or on each surface of one insulator layer. Wirings on different insulator layers 1102 may be coupled to each other.

  As mentioned above, coils are frequently used in devices and applications with magnets. Bimetallic coils can be advantageously used with conventional magnets in such applications and environments. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the magnetic flux generated by the conventional magnetic structure 1200. The magnetic structure includes a magnet 1202 having an N pole and an S pole. FIG. 12 shows representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 1204 to illustrate the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 1202 of the magnetic structure 1200. The closer the equipotential lines in a region are, the greater the magnetic flux density in that region.

  However, the conventional magnetic structure can be improved. In many devices and applications, increasing the magnetic flux density can greatly improve efficiency and performance. For example, increasing the magnetic flux density can increase the slope and increase the efficiency of the generator or motor.

  FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are diagrams illustrating magnetic flux generated by a magnetic structure having two permanent magnets with N poles facing each other and separated by a peripheral distance. FIG. 13A is a black and white representation, and FIG. 13B is a shading representation. A typical magnetic flux equipotential line illustrates the magnetic field generated by the magnetic structure. This magnetic flux has a greater gradient in the region between the N poles than the magnetic flux around the N poles produced by a single magnet or a magnetic structure with opposite poles facing each other.

  14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating a magnetic flux generated by a magnetic structure having two permanent magnets whose N poles are substantially in contact with each other. A typical magnetic flux equipotential line illustrates the magnetic field generated by the magnetic structure. In the case of similar magnets, the magnetic flux in the vicinity of the nearly contacted N pole generated by the arrangement shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B has a greater gradient than the magnetic flux generated by the arrangement shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. This is illustrated by the denser flux lines in FIGS. 14A and 14B. A larger magnetic flux gradient is also present near the south pole of the upper magnet in FIGS. 14A and 14B.

  FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating magnetic flux generated by a magnetic structure having two permanent magnets with the same poles facing each other and held at a distance between the ambient distance and approximately the contact position. A typical magnetic flux equipotential line illustrates the magnetic field generated by the magnetic structure. In the case of a similar magnet, the magnetic flux generated by the arrangement shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B generates a denser flux line along a larger area near the N pole, in which FIGS. 13A and 13B 14A and 14B have a larger gradient than the magnetic flux generated by the arrangement shown in FIGS. This is illustrated by the denser flux lines along the larger area on the permanent magnet side shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B.

  For example, a significant improvement in efficiency in power generation can be achieved by placing the two magnets at an optimum distance between the contact location and the ambient distance so that the same poles face each other. This optimal distance depends on the configuration using the magnetic structure (eg, the path of travel of the magnetic structure relative to the coil when using the magnetic structure in the generator / motor configuration). FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a multipolar magnetic structure 1604 that generates a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. In some applications, generating multiple compressed magnetic fields can provide a further increase in efficiency. When the magnetic structure 1604 is used, for example, in a generator, the compressed magnetic field can increase the conversion efficiency of energy into electrical energy. Such a generator may be configured to convert parasitically received energy. Typical energy sources include motion sources, heat sources, acoustic sources, and radio frequency sources.

  The magnetic structure 1604 uses tabs 1694 to hold the permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616 in place relative to each other. Although the exemplary embodiment uses three permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616, other embodiments may use a different number, for example two or four permanent magnets. Other embodiments may use electromagnets instead of or in addition to permanent magnets. The permanent magnets 1612, 1614, and 1616 are disk-shaped as illustrated, but may have other shapes. For example, rectangular (eg, square), spherical, or elliptical magnets may be used. Similarly, the magnet surface need not be flat. For example, a convex surface, a concave surface, a radiation surface, a conical surface, or a rhombus surface may be used. Various shapes and surface combinations may be used. The illustrated embodiment uses tabs, but other positioning mechanisms such as screws, spacers, adhesives, or combinations thereof may be used. The permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616 are arranged and held separately from each other, and are arranged so that the same poles of adjacent permanent magnets face each other. For example, the N pole 1628 of the first permanent magnet 1612 faces the N pole 1630 of the second permanent magnet 1614, and the S pole 1632 of the second permanent magnet 1614 is the S pole 1634 of the third permanent magnet 1616. Opposite. Also, the permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616 are held close enough to create a compressed magnetic field (eg, separated by a distance closer than the ambient distance). In some embodiments, the spaces 1636, 1638 between the permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616 are substantially filled with material 1637. The material 1637 may be a gas such as air. In some embodiments, material 1637 may be other substantially non-magnetic and substantially non-conductive materials such as fluoropolymer resins or plastics. In some embodiments, the spaces 1636, 1638 between these permanent magnets may be evacuated and sealed.

  The shape, position, and strength of permanent magnets in magnetic structures such as magnetic structure 1604 increase the efficiency of devices or applications such as generators that use magnetic structure 1604 by generating a compressed magnetic field. Can be made. A gauss meter (not shown) may be used to determine the optimum strength, position and number of permanent magnets 1612, 1614, 1616. In addition, other design matters such as weight, reduction of the external influence of the electromagnetic field, and control of the magnetic interaction of a plurality of generators may be considered.

  FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment of a magnet structure 202 configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. The magnet structure 202 includes a case 204 and a plurality of magnets housed in the case 204 and facing the same pole. In the present embodiment, the case 204 accommodates the first magnet 32 having the first polarity end 30 and the second magnet 36 facing the end 30 and having the end 34 having the same polarity as the end 30. In this embodiment, the end 30 and the end 34 are S poles. In another embodiment, the two north poles face each other. In this embodiment, the case 204 has an inner cylindrical surface 205, and the magnets 32 and 36 each have an outer cylindrical surface. Magnets 32 and 36 are slidably received in case 204. In this embodiment, case 204 has a threaded open end through which magnets 32, 36 are inserted (or replaced). The magnet assembly 202 further includes a screw cap 206 for closing the threaded open end of the case 204. In this embodiment, the screw cap 206 causes the magnets 32, 36 to be closer to the ambient distance that the repulsive force generated by the magnetic field normally allows, thereby generating a compressed magnetic field. Other embodiments for positioning the magnet are possible. For example, you may provide the recess which fits a magnet in the internal cylindrical surface 205. FIG.

  FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a multipolar magnetic structure 302 configured to generate a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. The magnetic structure 302 has a case 304 with tabs 305 that hold a plurality of magnets in proper positions relative to each other. The magnet includes a first magnet 308 having a first end 318 having a first polarity and a second end 316 having an opposite polarity. The magnet further includes a second magnet 310 having a first end 320 having the same polarity as the first pole and a second end 322 having a polarity opposite to the first polarity. The first end 320 of the second magnet 310 is separated from the first end 318 of the first magnet 308. The first end 320 of the second magnet 310 is at least generally opposed to the first end 318 of the first magnet 308. The magnet further includes a third magnet 312 having a first end 324 having a polarity opposite to the first polarity and a second end 326 having the same polarity as the first polarity. The first end 324 of the third magnet 312 is separated from the second end 322 of the second magnet 310. The first end 324 of the third magnet 312 is at least generally opposed to the second end 322 of the second magnet 310. Any number of magnets can be added. For example, in this embodiment, the magnet further includes a fourth magnet 314 having a first end 328 having the same polarity as the first polarity and a second end 330. The magnet assembly 302 further includes a screw cap 306 that closes the threaded open end of the case 304.

  FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional side view along the diameter of an embodiment of a multipole magnet structure 1900 configured to generate a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. The magnet structure 1900 comprises a plurality of magnets 1902, 1904, 1906 having concave surfaces 1908, 1910, 1912, 1914, the same pole being held at a selected distance and facing each other, with a large gradient or compressed Generate a magnetic field. As illustrated, the concave surface is conical. Other shaped concave surfaces may be used.

  FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional side view along the diameter of another embodiment of a multipole magnet structure 2000 configured to generate a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. The magnet structure 2000 includes a plurality of magnets 2002, 2004, 2006 having convex surfaces 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and the same poles are held at selected distances away from each other, with large gradients or compressed Generate a magnetic field. As illustrated, the convex surface is a curved surface. Other shaped convex surfaces may be used.

  FIG. 21 is a side view of another multi-pole magnet structure 2100 embodiment configured to generate a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. This magnet structure includes a rectangular magnet housing 2102 and a plurality of rectangular magnets 2104, 2106, 2108 housed in the housing 2102. Magnets 2104, 2106, 2108 are held such that the same poles are opposite each other at a selected distance to produce the desired compressed magnetic field.

  Biconductor or bimetal coil embodiments and / or magnet structure embodiments configured to generate multiple compressed magnetic fields as described above can be advantageously used in multiple devices and applications. For example, embodiments of a double conductor or bimetal coil and / or an embodiment of a magnet structure configured to generate multiple compressed magnetic fields can be used in various types of applications such as acoustic systems, control systems, etc. It may be used in a generator / motor. Generator embodiments may be configured to convert parasitically received energy or energy generated for conversion into electrical energy. Typical energy sources include motion sources, heat sources, acoustic sources, and radio frequency sources. For example, some embodiments may use a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field with a non-congruent metal to take advantage of the Seebeck effect.

  Several such application examples are described below as exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and application. Some embodiments may use a double conductor or bimetal coil and a magnet structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. On the other hand, other embodiments may use a double conductor or bimetal coil and a conventional magnetic structure or no magnetic structure. Other embodiments may use a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field and a conventional coil, or no coil. Some embodiments may use conventional coils and conventional magnetic structures in combination with other features of the present disclosure.

  Linear generators and motors are well known in the art. Linear generators typically have a stator and an armature that can be driven linearly with respect to the stator to generate electrical energy. Linear generators are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,759,755 and US Pat. No. 6,798,090. Both of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Linear motors typically have a stator and an armature that is driven linearly relative to the stator in response to application of electrical energy, typically in the form of electrical signals.

  Conversion of linear motion to electric power is a difficult problem. Recent evaluations of conventional linear displacement generators using planar inductors by the inventors have shown poor conversion efficiency. See, for example, US Pat. No. 6,220,719. The basic problem is that the output power is proportional to the square of the derivative of the magnetic field, and the magnitude of the derivative is small in conventional devices. Similar problems occur in the conversion of power to linear motion.

  In a linear generator, the output power generated by the relative movement of the coil with respect to the magnetic structure is proportional to the square of the derivative of the magnetic field. The voltage is determined by the number of turns of the coil and the strength of the magnetic field. The shape, relative position, and strength of the permanent magnet in the magnetic structure can increase the value of the derivative by generating a compressed magnetic field. By using a compressed magnetic field, a large increase in the efficiency of this class of generator can be obtained even in the case of a relatively small proportion of mechanical displacement. The idea relating to the generation of a compressed magnetic field is illustrated by examples (see the description of FIGS. 13-16 above and the description of FIGS. 22-25 below).

  22-24 illustrate an embodiment of a linear generator 2200 that uses an embodiment of a magnetic structure 2202 configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. The generator 2200 includes a coil 11 disposed between the two magnets 12 and 14. This coil may be a conventional coil, or a double conductor or bimetal coil. In particular, the generator 2200 includes a first magnet 12 having a first polarity end 13 and a second magnet 14 having an end 15 having the same polarity as the first polarity. In particular, in this embodiment, the end 13 is an N pole, and the end 15 is also an N pole. The end 15 of the second magnet 14 is separated from the end 13 of the first magnet 12. In this embodiment, end 15 has a generally flat surface 22 (FIG. 23) and end 13 has a generally flat surface 18. The end surface 22 of the second magnet 14 is at least substantially opposed to the end surface 18 of the first magnet 12.

  The rest position of the coil 11 is closer to the end 13 of the first magnet 12 than to the end 15 of the second magnet 14. In the present embodiment, the magnets 12 and 14 are permanent magnets. Other embodiments may use electromagnets. The static magnetic flux density passing through the coil 11 is quite high as shown by the density of the equipotential lines 16 passing through the coil 11 in FIG. The magnetic flux flow through the surface area of the face 18 of the magnet 12 is very large. The magnetic flux flowing through the plane approximately located at the center 20 between the magnets 12 and 14 is small.

  A very large negative magnetic field gradient exists between the position where the coil 11 of FIG. 22 is located and the position where the coil 11 of FIG. 23 is located. Thus, even a slow movement of the coil 11 (or vice versa) produces a large derivative. When the coil 11 moves back and forth around the center 20, the magnetic flux flow changes greatly. This is also true for a small percentage of the physical displacement (spatial differentiation) of the magnet position. Since the output is proportional to the square of the derivative, a large increase in power generation occurs.

  When the coil 11 is moved from the surface 18 of the magnet 12 to the surface 22 of the magnet 14 at time 2Δt, the magnetic flux changes from + Φmax to −Φmax. Therefore, dΦ / dt is approximately:

で表わされ、符号は正である。
これは、線形速度の場合、磁界は非線形であるので導関数の値は期間Δｔにおいて変化するので近似値である。

And the sign is positive.
This is an approximate value for linear velocities because the magnetic field is non-linear and the value of the derivative changes in the period Δt.

In the embodiment of FIG. 24, the coil 11 is wound around a core 24 having a length and an axis 26 along that length (coincident with the center line 20 of FIG. 23). In the embodiment of FIG. 19, the axis 26 is perpendicular to the direction from the end 13 of the first magnet 12 to the end 15 of the second magnet 14. In the embodiment of FIG. 22, the end face 18 of the first magnet 12 has a width W, and the core 24 has a length along the axis 26 that is at least as large as the width W of the end face 18 of the first magnet 12. In the present embodiment, the end surface 22 of the second magnet 14 has a width corresponding to the width of the end surface 18. Other embodiments are possible.
In the present embodiment, the coil 11 is driven and reciprocated between the first magnet 12 and the second magnet 14 along a path substantially perpendicular to the axis 26 between the end face 18 and the end face 22.

  In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the end 30 of the first magnet 32 is the south pole and the end 34 of the second magnet 36 is also the south pole (the end 30 and the end 34 are at least generally opposite each other. ing). Coil 38 is shown between the two magnets of FIG. 25, but other coil arrangements are possible in the generator below.

  Holding the magnets apart and closer than the ambient distance their repulsive forces normally allow creates a large gradient or compressed magnetic field. This increases the power output from the generator. In many embodiments, holding the magnet close to the limit increases the output power. For example, in another embodiment, the distance between surfaces 18 and 22 is equal to twice the distance a shown in FIG.

  FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of a generator 200 that uses an embodiment of a magnet structure 202 configured to generate a large gradient or compressed magnetic field. For example, the embodiment of the magnetic structure shown in FIGS. 16 to 21 may be used as the magnetic structure 202 shown in FIG. The generator 200 includes a housing 208 in which a magnet structure 202 is slidably supported. In this embodiment, the case 204 has an outer cylindrical surface, and the housing 208 has an inner cylindrical surface whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface of the case 204. The outer surface of the case 204 and the inner surface of the housing 208 are made of or dissimilar materials and reduce the coupling potential between the case 204 and the housing 208. For example, case 204 may be coated with a non-stick coating and housing 208 may be made of ABS plastic. Exemplary non-similar materials are available under the trademarks Teflon® and Lexan®, respectively.

  The generator 200 further includes an end 210 that closes the open end of the housing 208, which may be, for example, a threaded cap. The generator 200 further includes a spring 212 supported by the end 210, and the spring 212 can be selected to be compressed by the magnet assembly 202 or to move the magnet assembly 202 away from the end 210. The generator 200 can be a threaded cap, or simply an end 214, which can be a closed end, and can be compressed by the magnet assembly 202 or move the magnet assembly 202 away from the end 214. And a spring 216 configured as described above. In some embodiments, the springs 212, 216 may be configured to remain in a compressed state.

  The generator 200 further comprises one or more coils 218 supported by the housing. While other coil positions are possible, in this embodiment, the housing 208 has a cylindrical outer surface that is wound around the outer surface of the housing 208. Coil 218 is located radially outward of housing 208 and magnet assembly 202 within housing 208. The coil 218 can be held against longitudinal movement relative to the housing by adhesive, grooves, notches, or protrusions in the housing 208, or any other desired method. Alternatively, the coil 218 may be molded in the housing and supported on the inner wall or the like of the housing. The coil 218 is arranged such that the compressed magnetic field generated by the magnetic structure 202 acts on the coil 218.

  In some embodiments, the generator 200 as an assembly is simply supported in a position that is exposed to motion. In other embodiments, a mechanical linkage is provided to couple the generator 200 as an assembly to motion. For example, the bottom surface 214 can be coupled to a motion or movement source. In some embodiments, regular maintenance can be facilitated. For example, the upper end 210 may be removable for cleaning, maintenance, or magnet replacement if necessary. Some embodiments may be maintenance free. For example, an embodiment of the generator 200 used with a battery (see FIGS. 33-35) may be designed to have no periodic maintenance for the life of the battery. For example, in some embodiments, the generator 200 may be evacuated and sealed.

  In some embodiments, an accelerometer is provided to detect the frequency of motion. Next, the spring constant of the spring and the mass of the magnet are changed so that the magnet assembly 202 resonates within the housing 208 when energy is present.

  FIG. 28 shows a generator 300 that is similar to the generator 200 except that multiple coils are used. The generator 300 has a magnetic structure or assembly 302 configured to generate one or more compressed magnetic fields. A multipolar magnetic structure configured to generate a number of compressed magnetic fields, such as the magnetic structure shown in FIGS. 16, 18-21 may be used as the magnetic structure 302 of the generator 300. Become advantageous. The magnet structure 302 includes a case 304.

  The generator 300 further includes a housing 332 in which the magnet structure 302 is supported for linear motion. In this embodiment, the case 304 has an outer cylindrical surface, and the housing 332 has an inner cylindrical surface whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface of the case 304. The generator 300 further includes an end 334 that closes the open end of the housing 332, which may be, for example, a threaded cap. The generator 300 further includes a spring 346 supported by the end 334. The spring 346 can be selected to be compressed by the magnet assembly 302 or to move the magnet assembly 302 away from the end 334. The generator 300 further includes an end 338 that may be a threaded cap or simply a closed end, and the spring 340 may be compressed by the magnet assembly 302 or end the magnet assembly 302. It is possible to select whether to move away from H.338.

  The generator 300 has a magnetic field from at least one pair of opposing magnet ends acting on the first coil 336 or a magnetic field from an additional pair of opposing magnet ends is likely due to movement of the magnet assembly 302 to the first coil 336. It further comprises a first coil 336 supported against these magnets to be selected to work. In the generator 300, a magnetic field from at least one pair of opposing magnet ends acts on the second coil 342, or a magnetic field from an additional pair of opposing magnet ends is likely due to movement of the magnet assembly 302 to the second coil 342. And a second coil 342 supported against these magnets to be selected. In this embodiment, the generator 300 has a magnetic field from at least one pair of opposing magnet ends that acts on the third coil 344 or possibly due to movement of the magnet assembly 302 from an additional pair of opposing magnet ends. Further comprises a third coil 344 supported against these magnets such that is selected to act on the third coil 344. Any number of coils may be used. Any number of pairs of opposing magnet ends that act on one or more coils may be used.

  FIG. 29 shows an embodiment of a system 2900 that uses a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed large gradient magnetic field and a double conductor or bimetallic coil. 30 is a cross-sectional side view along the diameter line 30-30 of the system 2900 of FIG. 30 is not a uniform magnification with respect to FIG. 29 for ease of illustration, and some details have been omitted from FIG. System 2900 includes a rotor 2902 that includes one or more bimetallic coils 2904. Each bimetal coil 2904 includes an electrically conductive winding 2903 and a magnetically conductive winding 2905. The bimetal coil embodiments shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5-11 may be advantageously used in the system 2900 embodiment of FIG. Some embodiments comprise a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field and a conventional coil. Another embodiment comprises a bimetallic coil and a conventional magnetic structure.

  The system 2900 also includes a stator 2906 that includes a magnet support 2908 and a plurality of permanent magnets 2910, 2912, 2914. Of the plurality of permanent magnets, the first magnet 2910 is coupled to the central portion 2916 of the magnet support 2908. The first magnet 2910 is oriented so that its poles 2918, 2920 are opposed to both sides of the inner periphery 2922 of the rotor 2902. Of the plurality of permanent magnets, the second magnet 2912 is coupled to the first outer edge portion 2924 of the magnet support 2908. Second magnet 2912 is oriented so that its pole 2926 faces the same pole 2918 of first magnet 2910. As illustrated, the same poles 2918, 2926 are the south poles of the first and second permanent magnets 2910, 2912, respectively. A third magnet 2914 of the plurality of permanent magnets is coupled to the second outer edge portion 2928 of the magnet support 2908. Third magnet 2914 is oriented so that its pole 2930 faces the same pole 2920 of first magnet 2910. As illustrated, the same poles 2920, 2930 are the north poles of the first and third permanent magnets 2910, 2914, respectively. Magnets 2910, 2912, 2914 are arranged to generate a plurality of compressed magnetic fields. In this embodiment, the rotor 2902 is coupled to a mechanical power transmission system 2934. In some embodiments, the magnet support 2906 may be part of the rotor and the bimetallic coil 2904 may be part of the stator.

  As illustrated, system 2900 includes a coupler 2950 for coupling coils 2904 to a high voltage power grid 2952. Details of electrical connection 2954 between coil 2904 and coupler 2950 are omitted for clarity. A bus system coupled to the electrically conductive windings 2903 may be used as an electrical connection 2954 between the coils 2904 and the coupler 2950. The coupler 2950 may comprise a control module and / or an adjustment module (not shown).

  In some embodiments, the system 2900 may be configured to operate as a generator. In such an embodiment, the force applied to the rotor 2902 by the mechanical power transmission system 2934 causes the rotor 2902 to rotate relative to the stator 2906. When the rotor 2902 rotates relative to the stator 2906 along the axis 2932 indicated by the dashed line BB, the system 2900 generates a three-phase alternating current.

  In some embodiments, the system 2900 may be configured to operate as a motor. In such an embodiment, the electrical signal applied to the coil 2904 rotates the rotor 2902 relative to the stator 2906. When the rotor 2902 rotates relative to the stator 2906 along the axis 2932 indicated by the dashed line BB, force is applied to the mechanical power transmission system 2934 by the rotor 2902. In some embodiments, the system 2900 may be configured to selectively operate as a motor or as a generator. In some embodiments, the system 2900 may be configured to operate at a desired voltage level, a desired voltage range, and / or a desired frequency. For example, the system 2900 may be configured to generate AC 110-120 V, 50/60 Hz, or AC 220-240 V, 50/60 Hz, or AC 10 kV, 50/60 Hz, or AC 100 kV, 50/60 Hz. In some embodiments, the system 2900 may be configured to generate alternating current and / or direct current.

  FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a system 3100 that uses a double conductor or bimetal coil 700 and a magnetic structure 202 configured to generate a compressed large gradient magnetic field. For convenience, the system 3100 will be described using the bimetal coil 700 of FIGS. 7-9 and the magnetic structure 202 of FIG. Other embodiments of bimetallic coils and magnetic structures configured to generate a compressed magnetic field may be used in embodiments of system 3100.

  FIG. 31 is not necessarily a uniform magnification for ease of illustration. Bimetal coil 700 includes an insulator layer 702 having an upper surface 704. The insulator layer 702 is made of, for example, an integrated circuit board, a substrate, or a thin film or sheet of an insulator. Commercially available insulating materials are sold under the trademark Mylar®. An electrically conductive wiring 706 is formed on the upper surface 704 of the insulator layer 702. The electrically conductive wiring 706 may be made of any suitable electrically conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, an alloy, or the like. The materials described with respect to the electrically conductive winding 204 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas. The insulator layer 702 has an opening 708 through which the magnetic structure 202 can pass. The upper portion 712 of the suspension system 714 is coupled to the magnetic structure 202 and the upper surface 704 of the insulator layer 702. Insulator layer 702 has a lower surface 716. A magnetic conductive wiring 718 is formed on the lower surface 716 of the insulator layer 702. The magnetic conductive wiring 718 may be made of any suitable magnetic conductive material, such as nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, and the like. The materials described with respect to the magnetically conductive winding 206 of FIG. 2 may be used. Well-known techniques for forming wiring on the substrate may be used, such as those used for RFID devices and antennas. The lower portion 720 of the suspension system 714 is coupled to the magnetic structure 202 and the lower surface 716 of the insulator layer 702. The suspension system 714 is coupled to an optional mechanical power transmission system 3102.

  In some embodiments, the system 3100 may be configured to operate as a generator. In such an embodiment, the mechanical force applied to the suspension system 714 by the mechanical power transmission system 3102 causes the magnetic structure 202 to move linearly relative to the bimetallic coil 700 so that the device can conduct current. Generate. In some embodiments, the system 3100 may be configured to operate as a motor. In such an embodiment, the electrical signal applied to the bimetallic coil 700 moves the magnetic structure 202 linearly relative to the bimetallic coil 700 so that the suspension system 714 transmits mechanical force to the mechanical power transmission system. Add to 3102. In some embodiments, the system 3100 may be configured to selectably operate as a motor or as a generator.

  FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a system 3200 that uses a double conductor or bimetal coil 1100 and a magnetic structure 1604 configured to generate a compressed large gradient magnetic field. For convenience, the system 3200 will be described using the bimetallic coil 1100 of FIG. 11 and the magnetic structure 1604 of FIG. Other embodiments of bimetallic coils and magnetic structures configured to generate a compressed magnetic field may be used in embodiments of system 3200.

  FIG. 32 is not necessarily at a uniform magnification for ease of illustration. The bimetal coil 1100 includes a plurality of insulating layers 1102. Electrically conductive material wiring 1106 is formed on selected surfaces 1130, 1132, 1134, 1136 of the plurality of insulating layers 1102. Magnetic conductive material wiring 1118 is formed on selected surfaces 1138, 1140 of the plurality of insulating layers 1102. The suspension system 1114 suspends the magnetic structure 1900 movably within the openings 1108 of the plurality of insulating layers 1102. As illustrated, the bimetallic coil 1100 includes three insulator layers 1102. Fewer or additional insulator layers 1102 may be used. In some embodiments, the electrically conductive material wiring 1106 and the magnetically conductive material wiring 1118 may be formed in different patterns on selected surfaces of the plurality of insulator layers 1102. For example, the electrically conductive material wiring 1106 and the magnetic conductive material wiring 1118 may be formed on alternate surfaces of the insulator layer. In another example, the electrically conductive material wiring 1106 and the magnetic conductive material wiring 1118 may be formed on the same surface of one insulator layer 1102 or on each surface. Wirings on different insulator layers 1102 may be coupled together. The suspension system 1114 is coupled to an optional mechanical power transmission system 3202.

  In some embodiments, the system 3200 may be configured to operate as a generator. In such an embodiment, the mechanical force applied to the suspension system 1114 by the mechanical power transmission system 3202 causes the magnetic structure 1900 to move linearly relative to the bimetallic coil 1100 so that the system conducts current. Generate. In some embodiments, system 3200 may be configured to generate alternating current and / or direct current. In some embodiments, system 3200 may be configured to operate as a motor. In such an embodiment, the electrical signal applied to the bimetallic coil 1100 moves the magnetic structure 1900 linearly relative to the bimetallic coil 1100 so that the suspension system 1114 transmits mechanical force to the mechanical power transmission system. Add to 3202. In some embodiments, system 3200 may be configured to selectively operate as a motor or as a generator.

  Battery technology is an example of an application that can advantageously use bimetallic coils and / or embodiments of magnetic structures configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. This will be described using some examples.

  FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of an embodiment of a battery 100 comprising a case 102, a generator 104, a first energy storage device 106, a control module 108, a second energy storage device 110, and contact terminals 112, 114. is there. The exemplary case 102 has been cut away to facilitate the illustration of the other components of the battery 100. Case 102 houses generator 104, first energy storage device 106, control module 108, and second energy storage device 110. The contact terminals 112 and 114 are attached to the upper part 116 and the bottom part 118 of the case 102 of the battery 100, respectively.

  Case 102 may include an outer case shield 120 that is a magnetic and / or electrical shield. The case shield 120 may include, for example, a tin foil layer and a magnetic shielding material layer. The magnetic shielding material is, for example, nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, nickel / iron / copper / molybdenum alloy, and may be in the form of a foil. Such a foil layer has a thickness in the range of 0.002 to 0.004 inches, for example. Magnetic shielding materials are commercially available in several trademarks including MuMetal®, Hipernom®, HyMu 80®, and Permalloy®.

  In some embodiments, the case 102 and the contact terminals 112, 114 are AA batteries, AAA batteries, AAA batteries, AAA batteries, 9V batteries, watch batteries, pacemaker batteries, cell phone batteries, computer batteries, and The same external configuration as that of a conventional battery such as other standard and non-standard batteries may be used. Embodiments of the battery 100 may be configured to provide a desired voltage level, such as 1.5V, 3.7V, 7.1V, 9V, or other standard or non-standard voltage. Some embodiments may be configured to provide direct current and / or alternating current.

  The generator 104 converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. As illustrated, the generator 104 is a linear generator that includes a bimetallic coil 122, a magnetic structure 124, and a suspension system 126. As illustrated, the bimetal coil 122 includes an electrically conductive winding 121 and a magnetically conductive winding 123. As illustrated, the suspension system 126 includes a magnetic structure carrier guide 128, a first spring 130 having one end 132 coupled to the magnetic structure 124, and a first spring coupled to the other end 136 of the first spring 130. The repulsion magnet 134 includes a second spring 138 having one end 140 coupled to the magnetic structure 124, and a second repulsion magnet 142 coupled to the other end 144 of the second spring 138. The suspension system 126 facilitates movement of the magnetic structure 124 in response to movement of the battery 100 relative to the coil 122 along axis AA. The movement of the magnetic structure 124 relative to the coil 122 causes the coil 122 to generate a current. The suspension system 126 may comprise a stainless steel spring, such as a 304/316 stainless steel spring, for example. The magnetic structure 124 may comprise one or more rare earth magnets, such as a neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, one or more ceramic magnets, one or more plastic magnets, or one or more other magnets. . The repelling magnets 132, 142 may comprise, for example, one or more rare earth magnets, one or more ceramic magnets, one or more plastic magnets, or one or more other magnets. As illustrated, the carrier guide 128 includes a winding frame 146 around which one or more windings of the coil 122 are wound. In some embodiments, a separate winding frame may be used. The suspension system 126 is configured to allow the magnetic structure 124 to exit completely out of the region 148 defined by the top surface 150 and the bottom surface 152 of the coil 122. The springs 130, 138 are typically in a loaded state.

  The first energy storage device 106 is configured to store electrical energy generated by the generator 104. In one embodiment, the first energy storage device 106 can store the electrical energy generated by the generator 104 with little or no adjustment. In other embodiments, as illustrated below, the electrical energy may be adjusted before being stored in the first energy storage device 106. The first energy storage device 106 may comprise one or more ultracapacitors. For ease of illustration, the first energy storage device 106 is shown as one functional block.

  The control module 108 controls the transfer of energy within the battery 100. The control module 108 typically comprises a rectifier, which is a full bridge rectifier 109 as illustrated. For example, the control module 108 is configured to control the transfer of energy between various components of the battery 100 such as the generator 104, the first energy storage device 106, the second energy storage device 110, and the contact terminals 112, 114. Also good. In one embodiment, the control module 108 may control the transfer of energy from the generator 104 to the first energy storage device 106. In one embodiment, the control module 108 may control the transfer of energy stored in the first energy storage device 106 to the second energy storage device 110. For example, the control module 108 may limit the flow of current from the first energy storage device 106 to the second energy storage device 110. In another example, the control module 108 may stop transferring energy from the first energy storage device 106 to the second energy storage device 110 to prevent overcharging of the second energy storage device 110. In one embodiment, the control module 108 may be configured to stop the transfer of energy to the first energy storage device 106 to prevent overcharging of the first energy storage device 106. In one embodiment, the control module 108 may be configured to control the transfer of energy from the first energy storage device 106 to the contact terminals 112, 114. In one embodiment, the control module 108 may be configured to control the transfer of energy from the generator 104 to the contact terminals 112, 114. In one embodiment, the control module 108 detects charging of the first energy storage device 106 and / or the second energy storage device 110 from a conventional battery charger (not shown), an external electrical energy source such as an environmental energy source. May be configured to facilitate, control, allow, accept, adjust, and / or facilitate. In one embodiment, the control module 108 is configured to regulate energy during transfer. The operation of the control module 108 of two exemplary embodiments is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS.

  The control module 108 may be implemented in various ways, for example as an integrated control system or as a group of individual subsystems. The control module 108 may be a discrete circuit, one or more microprocessors, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc., or as a sequence of instructions stored in memory and executed by a controller, or a combination thereof. May be realized. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 106 may be integrated into the control module 108.

  The second energy storage device 110 is configured to store electrical energy transferred from the first energy storage device 106 under the control of the control module 108. The second energy storage device 110 may be, for example, one or more conventional batteries, such as lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium polymer batteries or lithium ion batteries, sodium / sulfur batteries, or any suitable rechargeable battery. It may be an energy storage device.

  Contact terminals 112, 114 provide access to transfer electrical energy to and / or from battery 100. The contact terminals 112, 114 may be made of any electrically conductive material, such as a metal material, such as copper, aluminum, gold coated with copper, silver or tin. Contact terminals 112, 114 are coupled to control module 108. In some embodiments, the contact terminals 112, 114 may be coupled to the second energy storage device 110 rather than directly coupled to the control module 108. As illustrated, the contact terminals 112, 114 have a physical configuration similar to that of a conventional AA battery contact terminal. Other configurations may be used as described above. The contact terminals 112 and 114 are configured so that the battery 100 can be easily installed and removed from an external device such as a radio, a mobile phone, or a positioning system. The contact terminals 112 and 114 may use magnetic shields.

  Energy is stored in the battery 100 as a result of the movement of the battery 100. For example, if the magnetic structure 124 is in a neutral position with respect to the coil 122 and the battery 100 is moved downward, the magnetic structure 124 moves upward relative to the coil 122 in response to the downward movement of the battery 100. When the magnetic structure 124 moves above the upper surface of the coil 150 due to the relative upward movement of the magnetic structure 124, a current is generated in the coil 122. When the magnetic structure 124 approaches the first repelling magnet 134, the first spring 130 and the first repelling magnet 134 apply a downward force to the magnetic structure 124. In response to this downward force, the magnetic structure 124 begins to move downward relative to the coil 122. The magnetic structure 124 passes through the neutral position 151, that is, approximately halfway between 150 and 152, passes through the coil 122 again, and additional current is generated when the magnetic structure 124 moves down the bottom surface of the coil 152. . When the magnetic structure 124 approaches the second repulsive magnet 142, the second spring 138 and the second repulsive magnet 142 apply an upward force to the magnetic structure 124. If this upward force is strong enough, the magnetic structure 124 will again pass through the coil 122 to generate additional current. The oscillating reciprocation continues until the energy in the suspension system 126 is not sufficient to continue moving the magnetic structure 124 relative to the coil 122.

  In some embodiments, the suspension system 126 may be adjusted to increase the electrical energy generated from the anticipated energy source. For example, if the battery 100 is frequently in an environment where energy is supplied by an individual walking or running at a known speed, the suspension system 126 may be tuned to that speed. Thus, the battery may be configured to substantially maximize the conversion of energy expected to be generated by a jogger to electrical energy. In another example, if the battery 100 frequently experiences traffic jams or irregular movement of aircraft or ground vehicles in the vehicle, the suspension system 126 maximizes the conversion of its environmental energy into electrical energy. You may adjust it. In another example, when the battery 100 is used in an environment that is frequently exposed to fluid waves, such as water or sea waves, or wind, the suspension system 126 maximizes the conversion of the environment's energy into electrical energy. It may be adjusted to be limited. In another example, if the battery 100 frequently experiences vibrations, such as vibrations in a moving vehicle, the suspension system 126 can be tuned to maximize the conversion of energy received from the vibrations into electrical energy. Also good. The suspension system can change the strength of the repulsion magnet, adjust the tension of a repulsion device such as a spring, use a plurality of mechanical repulsion devices (see FIG. 36), or move the magnetic structure. It may be adjusted by changing the length of the path or a combination thereof. Other suspension systems may be used, such as a suspension system that directs the generator in different directions within the battery. The suspension system 126 may include a gimbal to direct the generator and / or use gyroscope principles to facilitate optimal conversion of energy to electrical energy. A plurality of generators facing different directions in the battery may be used, or a plurality of battery configurations may be used.

  In some embodiments, other generator configurations may be used, such as radial, rotating, Seebeck, acoustic, thermal, or radio frequency generators. In some embodiments, other suspension systems may be used, for example, a generator system in which the generator 104 moves relative to the case 102 and takes full advantage of the resulting energy. For example, the generator 104 may be configured to rotate within the battery case 102 and align itself with the moving shaft. In another example, the suspension system 126 may be configured to allow the coil 122 to move relative to the magnetic structure 124.

  FIG. 34 shows another implementation of a battery 200 comprising a case 202, a generator 204, a first energy storage device 206, a control module 208, a second energy storage device 210, a third energy storage device 211, and contact terminals 212, 214. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of the form. The example case 202 has been cut away to facilitate the illustration of the other components of the battery 200. The case 202 houses the generator 204, the first energy storage device 206, the control module 208, the second energy storage device 210, and the third energy storage device 211. The contact terminals 212 and 214 are attached to the upper part 216 and the bottom part 218 of the case 202 of the battery 200, respectively. Case 202 may include an outer case shield 220 that is a magnetic and / or electrical shield. In some embodiments, the case 202 and the contact terminals 212, 214 include AA batteries, AAA batteries, AAA batteries, AAA batteries, 9V batteries, watch batteries, pacemaker batteries, cell phone batteries, computer batteries, and The same configuration as that of a conventional battery such as other standard and non-standard batteries may be adopted. The embodiment of battery 200 may be configured to provide a desired voltage level as described with respect to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. For example, the voltage level can be changed by changing the number of turns of the coil 122 winding (see, for example, winding 410 of coil 402 in FIG. 36).

  The generator 204 converts the received energy into electrical energy. As illustrated, the generator 204 is a linear generator that includes a coil 222, a magnetic structure 224, and a suspension system 226. The generator 204 may operate as described for the generator 104 illustrated in FIG. 33, for example.

  The first energy storage device 206 is configured to store electrical energy generated by the generator 204. In one embodiment, the first energy storage device 206 can store the electrical energy generated by the generator 204 with little or no adjustment. The first energy storage device 206 may comprise one or more ultracapacitors.

  The control module 208 controls the transfer of energy between various components of the battery 200 such as the generator 204, the first energy storage device 206, the second energy storage device 210, the third energy storage device 211, and the contact terminals 212, 214. To do. For example, the control module 208 may control the transfer of energy stored in the first energy storage device 206 to the second energy storage device 210 and the third energy storage device 211. In one embodiment, the control module 208 may control the transfer of energy from the generator 204 to the first energy storage device 206. For example, the control module 208 may limit the flow of current from the first energy storage device 206 to the second energy storage device 210 and the third energy storage device 211. In another example, in order to prevent overcharging of the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211, the control module 108 transmits energy from the first energy storage device 206 to the second energy storage device 210 and the third energy storage device 211. The transfer may be stopped. In one embodiment, the control module 208 charges the first, second, and / or third energy storage devices 206, 210, 211 from an external electrical energy source (not shown) coupled to the contact terminals 212, 214. May be configured to detect, control, permit, and / or facilitate.

  The control module 208 may be implemented in various ways. For example, the control module 208 may be implemented as described with respect to the control module 108 of FIG.

  The second and third energy storage devices 210 and 211 are configured to store electrical energy transferred from the first energy storage device 206 under the control of the control module 208. The second and third energy storage devices 210 and 211 are, for example, conventional rechargeable batteries, such as nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium polymer batteries or lithium ion batteries, other energy storage devices, or combinations thereof. Also good. The second and third energy storage devices 210, 211 may be coupled to the control module 208, for example, separately or in series or in parallel. As illustrated, the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211 are washer molds and the suspension system 226 extends into the hollow centers 209, 213 of the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211. . As illustrated, the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211 are connected in series between the contact terminals 212, 214 and in series with the control module 208. Some embodiments may use non-similar metals to take advantage of the Seebeck effect.

  Contact terminals 212, 214 provide access to transfer electrical energy to and / or from battery 200. The contact terminals 212, 214 may be made of any electrically conductive material, such as a metal material, such as copper, aluminum, gold coated with copper, silver or tin. Contact terminals 212, 214 are coupled to the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211. The second and third energy storage devices 210 and 211 may be coupled in parallel or in series with the contact terminals. In some embodiments, the contact terminals 212, 214 may be coupled to the control module 208 rather than directly coupled to the second and third energy storage devices 210, 211. As illustrated, the contact terminals 212, 214 have the physical configuration of a conventional AA battery contact terminal. Other configurations may be used as described above. The contact terminals 212 and 214 are configured so that the battery 200 can be easily installed and removed from an external device such as a radio, a mobile phone, or a positioning system. The contact terminals 212 and 214 may use magnetic shields.

  Energy is stored in the battery 200 as a result of the movement of the battery 200. For example, energy may be converted into energy that can be stored in a manner similar to the example described with reference to FIG.

  As described above, in some embodiments, the suspension system 226 may be adjusted to maximize electrical energy generated from the expected kinetic energy source.

  In some embodiments, other generator configurations may be used, such as a rotary generator. In some embodiments, other suspension systems may be used, such as a generator system in which the generator 204 moves relative to the case 202 and takes full advantage of the resulting kinetic energy. For example, the generator 204 may be configured to rotate within the battery case 202 and align itself with the moving shaft. In another example, the suspension system 226 may be configured to allow the coil 222 to move relative to the magnetic structure 224.

  FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of a battery 300 comprising a case 302, a generator 304, a first energy storage device 306, a control module 308, a second energy storage device 310, and contact terminals 312, 314. . The battery 300 has a configuration different from that of the battery 100 of FIG. 33, but the operation of the battery 300 is the same as the operation of the battery 100 of FIG. The contact terminals 312, 314 may be made of any electrically conductive material, such as a metal material, such as copper, aluminum, gold coated with copper, silver or tin. In some embodiments, the contact terminals 312, 314 may be housed in a connector, such as a plastic connector.

  FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view along the diameter of a generator 400 suitable for use, for example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Other generators and / or devices such as the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 22-32 may be used in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. The generator includes a coil 402, a magnetic structure 404 (see, eg, FIGS. 15-21) configured to generate a compressed magnetic field, and a suspension system 406. The suspension system 406 is configured to allow the magnetic structure 404 to pass completely through the coil 402 in either direction. As illustrated, the generator 400 is a linear generator.

  The coil 402 includes a cylindrical winding frame 408 and one or more windings 410. As illustrated, the winding frame 408 is integral with the carrier guide 409 of the suspension system 406. As illustrated, the coil 402 includes a winding 410. Winding 410 may be made of any electrically conductive, substantially non-magnetically conductive material such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, alloys, and the like. The winding 410 is usually covered with an insulating material 411. In some embodiments, additional windings made of magnetically conductive or non-magnetically conductive materials may be used (see, eg, FIGS. 2-11). The winding 410 may be a single wire or a stranded wire. In some embodiments, a sheet of material may be used. For example, a sheet made of a copper layer and a Mylar (registered trademark) layer may be wound around the winding frame 408.

  The magnetic structure 404 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 housed in a cylindrical magnet housing 418. Although this embodiment uses three permanent magnets 412, 414, 416, other embodiments of the generator 400 may use a different number, eg, two or four or hundreds of permanent magnets. The permanent magnets 412, 414, and 416 are disk-shaped as illustrated, but may have other shapes. For example, rectangular (eg, square), spherical, or elliptical magnets may be used. Similarly, the magnet surface need not be flat. For example, a convex surface, a concave surface, a radiation surface, a conical surface, or a rhombus surface may be used. Various shapes and surface combinations may be used. In some embodiments, an electromagnet may be used. The inner surface 420 of the magnet housing 418 and the outer surfaces of the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 are threaded, and the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 are fixed in position relative to each other within the magnet housing 418. Other positioning mechanisms such as tabs, pacers, adhesives, or combinations thereof may be used.

  The permanent magnets 412, 414, and 416 are arranged and held away from each other, and are arranged so that the same poles of adjacent permanent magnets face each other. For example, the N pole 428 of the first permanent magnet 412 faces the N pole 430 of the second permanent magnet 414, and the S pole 432 of the second permanent magnet 414 is the S pole 434 of the third permanent magnet 416. Opposite. Also, the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 are held close enough to form a compressed magnetic field (see description of FIGS. 15 and 16). In some embodiments, the spaces 436, 438 between the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 are substantially filled with material 437. The material 437 may be a gas such as air. In some embodiments, material 437 may be other substantially non-magnetic and substantially non-conductive materials such as fluoropolymer resins or plastics. In some embodiments, the magnetic structure may be evacuated and sealed.

  As described above, the shape, position, and strength of a permanent magnet in a magnetic structure such as magnetic structure 404 can increase the efficiency of generator 400 by generating a compressed magnetic field. The ratio of the length 440 from the upper surface 442 of the first permanent magnet 412 to the bottom surface 444 of the third permanent magnet 416 and the length 446 of the inner diameter 448 of the winding frame 408 is also the ratio of the magnetic structure 404 to the coil 402. Affects current generated in response to movement. A gauss meter (not shown) may be used to determine the optimum strength, position, number and length 440 of the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416.

  Other design matters such as weight, reduction of the external influence of the electromagnetic field, reduction of the influence of the external electromagnetic field may be considered. In another example of additional design considerations, the overall length 450 of the winding frame 408 and the range of movement of the magnetic structure 404 within the suspension system can affect the stability of the generator 400. In one experiment, the first permanent magnet 412 and the third permanent magnet 416 have a strength of 450 gauss, the second permanent magnet has a strength of 900 gauss, and the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416. Was 2 mm apart. Factors that determine the desired spacing include magnetic B field strength. The repulsion magnets 460 and 462 each had a strength of 600 gauss. In another experiment, the first permanent magnet 412, the second permanent magnet 414, and the third permanent magnet 416 had a strength of 12600 gauss, and the permanent magnets 412, 414, 416 were separated by 4-5 mm. . The repulsion magnets 460 and 462 each had a strength of 9906 gauss. As a result, a magnetic field with a large gradient of about 16800 gauss was obtained.

  The inner surface 452 of the carrier guide 409 and the outer surface 454 of the magnet housing 418 are made of a dissimilar material or coated to reduce the potential for coupling between the winding frame 408 and the magnet housing 418. For example, the carrier guide 409 is coated with a non-stick coating and the magnet housing 418 is made of ABS plastic. Exemplary non-similar materials are commercially available under the trademarks Teflon® and Lexan®, respectively. The magnet housing 418 further includes a first threaded cap 456 and a second threaded cap 458.

  The suspension system 406 includes a first repulsive permanent magnet 460 and a second repellent permanent magnet 462 that are fixed to the coil 402 and on the moving shaft 464 of the magnetic structure 404. The first repulsive permanent magnet 460 is arranged so that one pole of the first repellent permanent magnet 460 faces the same pole of the nearest permanent magnet 412 in the magnetic structure 404. As illustrated, the south pole 466 of the first repulsive permanent magnet 460 faces the south pole 468 of the first permanent magnet 412 of the magnetic structure 404. Similarly, the second repulsive permanent magnet 462 is arranged so that one pole of the second repellent permanent magnet 462 faces the same pole of the nearest permanent magnet 416 in the magnetic structure 404. As illustrated, the north pole 470 of the second repulsive permanent magnet 462 faces the north pole 472 of the third permanent magnet 416 of the magnetic structure 404. This arrangement increases the efficiency of the generator 400 to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and reduces the likelihood that the magnetic structure 404 will stop in the suspension system 406.

  The suspension system 406 includes a first spring 474, a second spring 476, a third spring 478, and a fourth spring 480. The first spring 474 is coupled to the first repulsive magnet 460 and the first cap 456 of the magnetic structure 404. The first spring 474 is normally in a loaded state. The second spring 476 is coupled to the second repulsive magnet 462 and the second cap 458 of the magnetic structure 404. The second spring 476 is normally in a loaded state. The first and second springs 474, 476 help hold the magnetic structure 404 in the center of the desired travel path along the axis 464 and when it is expanded and contracted by the movement of the magnetic structure 404 along the travel axis 464. Then, force is applied to the magnetic structure 404. The third spring 478 is coupled to the first repulsion magnet 460 and applies a repulsive force to the magnetic structure 404 in response to the compressing force applied by the magnetic structure 404 as it approaches the first repulsion magnet 460. The fourth spring 480 is coupled to the second repulsion magnet 462 and applies a repulsive force to the magnetic structure 404 in response to the compressing force applied by the magnetic structure 404 as it approaches the second repulsion magnet 462. As detailed in the description of FIG. 33, the springs 474, 476, 478, 480 may be adjusted to increase the efficiency of the generator 400 in a particular application and expected environment. This adjustment may be done experimentally. In other embodiments, no springs may be used, or fewer or more springs may be used. For example, in some embodiments, the springs 478, 480 may be omitted.

  FIG. 37 is a high-level flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method 1500 for charging portable energy storage devices such as the batteries 100, 200, 300, etc., illustrated in the embodiments of FIGS. 33-35 in response to battery movement. For convenience, the method 1500 will be described using the battery 100 illustrated in FIG.

  Method 1500 begins at 1502 and proceeds to 1504. At 1504, battery 100 receives energy as a result of battery 100 movement. The method 1500 proceeds to 1506. At 1506, the battery 100 converts this energy into motion of the magnetic structure relative to the coils in the battery 100. The reciprocating motion of the magnetic structure through the coil generates an alternating signal. The magnetic structure may be configured to generate a compressed magnetic field (see FIGS. 15-21, 36). The coil may comprise an electrically conductive winding and a magnetically conductive winding (see FIGS. 2-11). Method 1500 proceeds from 1506 to 1508. At 1508, the battery 100 rectifies the AC signal generated by the movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil. The method 1500 proceeds to 1510. In 1510, the battery 100 stores the electric energy of the rectified AC signal in the first energy storage device in the battery 100. Method 1500 proceeds from 1510 to 1512. At 1512, the battery 100 controls the transfer of energy stored in the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device in the battery 100. The method 1500 proceeds from 1512 to 1514 and the battery 100 stops.

  Embodiments of a method for charging a portable energy storage device may perform other operations not shown in FIG. 37, or may not perform all of the operations shown in FIG. The illustrated operations may be combined, or the operations illustrated in FIG. 37 may be performed in a different order. For example, the embodiment of the method 1500 illustrated in FIG. 37 may determine whether the condition is appropriate for charging the second energy storage device before transferring energy from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device. It may be modified to check.

  FIG. 38 is a high-level flow illustrating an embodiment of a method 1600 for operating a portable energy storage device, such as the battery 100, 200, 300 illustrated in the embodiment of FIGS. 33-35, in response to a load or charge signal on the battery. FIG. For convenience, the method 1600 will be described using the battery 100 illustrated in FIG.

  Method 1600 begins at 1602 and proceeds to 1604. At 1604, the battery 100 determines whether a load is applied to the battery 100. This may be done, for example, using a discrete circuit. If it is determined at 1604 that a load is applied to the battery 100, the method 1600 proceeds from 1604 to 1606. If it is determined at 1604 that no load is applied to the battery 100, the method 1600 proceeds from 1604 to 1620.

  At 1606, the battery 100 adjusts the energy from the generator and determines whether to provide the adjusted energy to the load. This determination may be made, for example, by determining whether the energy generated by the generator is sufficient to drive the load. Other factors such as load history, charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device in battery 100 may also be considered in this determination. A discrete circuit and / or look-up table may be used to determine whether to supply regulated energy from the generator to the load. If at 1606 the energy from the generator is adjusted and it is determined to provide the adjusted energy to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1606 to 1608. If it is determined that the energy adjusted at 1606 is not provided from the generator to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1606 to 1610. At 1608, the battery 100 transfers the regulated energy from the generator to the load. Method 1600 proceeds from 1608 to 1604.

  At 1610, the battery 100 determines whether to transfer energy from the first energy storage device to the load. This determination may be made, for example, by determining whether the energy stored in the first energy storage device is sufficient to drive the load. Other factors such as load history, charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device in battery 100 may also be considered in this determination. A discrete circuit and / or a lookup table may be used to determine whether to supply the energy stored in the first energy storage device to the load. If it is determined at 1610 to supply energy stored in the first energy storage device to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1610 to 1612. If it is determined at 1610 that the energy stored in the first energy storage device is not supplied to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1610 to 1614. In 1612, the battery 100 supplies the energy stored in the first energy storage device to the load. Method 1600 proceeds from 1612 to 1604.

  At 1614, the battery 100 determines whether to transfer energy from the second energy storage device to the load. This determination may be made, for example, by determining whether the energy stored in the second energy storage device is sufficient to drive the load. Other factors such as load history, charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device in battery 100 may also be considered in this determination. A discrete circuit and / or a look-up table may be used to determine whether to supply the energy stored in the second energy storage device to the load. If it is determined at 1610 to supply energy stored in the second energy storage device to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1614 to 1616. If it is determined at 1614 that the energy stored in the second energy storage device is not supplied to the load, the method 1600 proceeds from 1614 to 1618. At 1616, the battery 100 supplies the energy stored in the second energy storage device to the load. Method 1600 proceeds from 1616 to 1604.

  At 1618, error handling and / or safety handling is performed for the load condition. For example, the battery 100 may prohibit transferring energy from the battery 100 until the battery 100 is recharged by its generator or external energy source. Method 1600 proceeds from 1618 to 1604.

  In 1620, the battery 100 determines whether a charging signal is provided to the battery 100. This determination may be made by using, for example, a discrete circuit. If it is determined at 1620 that a charging signal is provided to the battery 100, the method 1600 proceeds from 1620 to 1622. If it is determined at 1620 that the charging signal is not provided to the battery 100, the method 1600 proceeds from 1620 to 1604.

  At 1622, the battery 100 determines whether to charge the first energy storage device. This determination may be made based on factors such as the characteristics of the charging signal, the energy stored in the energy storage device, the charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device in the battery 100, and the like. A discrete circuit and / or look-up table may be used to determine whether to use the energy in the charging signal to charge the first energy storage device. If it is determined at 1622 to charge the first energy storage device, the method 1600 proceeds from 1622 to 1624. If it is determined at 1622 not to charge the first energy storage device, method 1600 proceeds from 1622 to 1626. At 1624, the battery 100 charges the first energy storage device using the energy of the received charging signal. Method 1600 proceeds from 1624 to 1604.

  At 1626, the battery 100 determines whether to charge the second energy storage device. This determination may be made based on factors such as the characteristics of the charging signal, the energy stored in the energy storage device, the charging and discharging cycles of the energy storage device in the battery 100, and the like. A discrete circuit and / or look-up table may be used to determine whether to use the energy in the charging signal to charge the second energy storage device. If it is determined at 1626 to charge the second energy storage device, method 1600 proceeds from 1626 to 1628. If it is determined at 1626 not to charge the second energy storage device, method 1600 proceeds from 1626 to 1630. At 1628, the battery 100 charges the second energy storage device using the energy of the received charging signal. Method 1600 proceeds from 1628 to 1604.

  In 1630, error processing is executed. For example, the battery 100 may temporarily prohibit charging of the energy storage device. Method 1600 proceeds from 1630 to 1604.

  Embodiments of a method for operating a portable energy storage device may perform other operations not shown in FIG. 38, or may not perform all of the operations shown in FIG. The illustrated operations may be combined, or the operations illustrated in FIG. 38 may be performed in a different order. For example, the embodiment of the method 1600 illustrated in FIG. 38 may be modified to provide energy to the load from one or more energy storage devices. Another embodiment of the method 1600 illustrated in FIG. 38 may be modified to charge one energy storage device and simultaneously provide energy to the load.

  In another example application, bimetallic coils, magnetic structures configured to generate a compressed magnetic field, and / or other features of the present disclosure convert fluid waves, such as water or seawater waves, into electrical energy. Can be used to advantage. This is a potentially environmentally friendly and renewable energy source. For example, a device for converting sea wave motion into electrical energy such as the device disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,864,592 (minimizing the inertial mass of the connection to floating bodies and linear generators 1 With more than one floating drive linear generator) may be modified in accordance with the present disclosure. The movable part of the generator is sized so that its weight acting on the floating body together with the weight of the floating body itself and the connecting part is approximately equal to half the total buoyancy of the floating body. In the absence of waves, the float is half in water. Due to the presence of the wave, an upward thrust equal to approximately half the weight of the water drained by the floating body is applied to the generator during the wave rise. During the wave descent, a downward thrust due to gravity equal to the total weight of the assembly is applied to the generator. Thus, during wave passage, the linear generator experiences nearly consistent upward and downward thrust, and consistent power generation in both these phases is achieved. The apparatus of the above US patent can be modified to incorporate a bimetallic coil and / or a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field to improve efficiency.

  Another patent that discloses the conversion of ocean waves to electrical energy is US Pat. No. 6,791,205. This patent is incorporated herein by reference. This patent discloses a reciprocating generator that is secured to the underside of an ocean buoy and generates electrical power from ocean swells. The generator coil maintains a stable position below the ocean water surface and the magnetic field housing reciprocates with the vertical motion of the buoy in response to ocean wave swell and wave interaction. A brake plate attached to the generator coil prevents the generator coil from moving and keeps the generator coil in a stable position relative to the movement of the magnetic field housing. The magnetic field housing concentrates the magnetic field through the generator coil, and the relative movement between the magnetic field housing and the generator coil generates an electromotive force in the generator coil. In another example, it may be advantageous to modify the apparatus of the above US patent in accordance with the present disclosure to improve efficiency.

  In some embodiments, the generator 200 may be used in a cargo container 350 as shown in FIG. Cargo container safety has become a concern. If power is available, gamma radiation detection of explosives, human infrared detection, or other monitoring can be performed. By supporting the generator 200 or 300 in or on the cargo container 350, energy is generated by the linear generator from the movement of the ship 360 due to the action of waves. This energy can be used to power various monitoring or detection systems. The generator 200 or 300 can be configured to capture roll or vertical motion, for example.

  In another example, FIG. 40 shows an example of a power facility 400 that includes a plurality of power generators 402 of the type described above and converts water waves into electrical energy. The power facility 400 includes a paddle or coupler 412 coupled to the generator 402. In one embodiment, the generator 402 is similar to the linear generator described above and the paddle 412 is coupled to the bottom 214 of the generator 200 or the bottom 338 of the generator 300. The generator 402 is moved by water waves, and the coils or magnets of the generator 402 are configured to move in response to the waves. In some embodiments, no coupler is used and the generator 402 floats in the water.

  The power facility 400 further includes one or more rectifier circuits 404 coupled to the windings or coils of the power generator 402. The rectifier circuit 404 converts the AC current generated in the winding or coil of the power generator 402 into a DC current. The winding or coil of the power generator may be a bimetal coil.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 40, the power facility 400 further comprises a power storage device 406 coupled to the rectifier circuit 404 for storing power generated by the windings or coils. The power storage device 406 may be or comprise one or more batteries, a capacitor, a battery and capacitor combination, or other type of power storage device. The power storage device includes a charge regulator that provides the appropriate current and voltage to a battery, capacitor, or other energy storage device.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 40, the power installation 400 further comprises an inverter 408 coupled to the power storage device 406 and configured to supply alternating current to an electrical distribution system or power grid. In this embodiment, this inverter is coupled to the power grid via the converter 410. Other embodiments are possible with one or more power generators that convert water waves into electrical power (AC or DC).

  Other applications are possible, such as biological motion systems, parasitic power capture self-powered devices (eg, self-powered safety protection devices and self-powered information gathering devices). For example, in one embodiment, the power generator described above is provided on a shoe to generate power from walking. The power can be supplied to various electronic devices.

  The shoe-mounted type device includes, for example, the above-described power generator that is mounted on a shoe heel and the coil moves with respect to the magnet by the impact each time the heel hits the ground. The shoe-mounted device further includes a rectifier circuit (eg, full-wave rectifier) coupled to the power generator coil, and a power storage device such as a capacitor or battery coupled to the output of the rectifier circuit. A voltage regulator may be provided to provide the appropriate current and voltage to the power storage device.

  For example, FIG. 41 shows an example of a biological exercise apparatus 500 that includes a power generator 502 of the type described above with respect to FIGS. The power generator 502 is mounted on a shoe heel or anywhere else on the body, and walking causes the magnet to move relative to the coil of the power generator 502.

  Apparatus 500 further includes a rectifier circuit 504 coupled to the windings or coils of power generator 502. The rectifier circuit 504 converts the AC current generated in the winding or coil of the power generator 502 into a DC current.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 41, the apparatus 500 further comprises a power storage device 506 coupled to the rectifier circuit 504 for storing power generated by the windings or coils. The power storage device 506 may be or comprise one or more batteries, capacitors, battery and capacitor combinations, or other types of power storage devices.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 41, the device 500 further comprises a voltage regulator 508 coupled to the power storage device 506 and configured to provide a stable output voltage to a human portable electronic device. Other embodiments are possible.

  FIG. 42 illustrates an embodiment of a system 100 that includes a gimbal to facilitate conversion of the resulting energy into electrical energy. The system 100 includes a generator 102, such as one or more of the generators illustrated in FIGS. 22-32, which is supported by a support structure 104 that facilitates taking a desired posture. In some embodiments, the support structure 104 may use gyroscope technology.

  FIG. 43 illustrates a system 100 that includes a plurality of generators 102, 104, 106 coupled to a support structure 108. The first generator 102 is coupled to the support structure 108 and is oriented along the X axis 110. The second generator 104 is coupled to the support structure 108 and is oriented along the Y axis 112. The third generator 106 is coupled to the support structure 108 and is oriented along the Z axis 114.

  44 illustrates an embodiment of the battery 102, such as one of the battery embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 33-35, an embodiment of the generator 104, such as one of the generators illustrated in FIGS. Illustrated is a garment 100 comprising a collector 106 and a radio frequency energy collector 108 having an antenna system 110 and a rectifier 112. The garment 100 further includes a bus system 114 that couples the various components and a coupler 116 that couples the bus system 100 to the battery 102. The coupler 116 is configured to condition or add electrical energy received from the generator 104, the solar collector 106, and / or the radio frequency energy collector 108, or connect the connection 118 to the battery 102 to the generator 104 of the garment 100. Etc. may be configured to switch to connect to one or more of the other components. The coupler 116 may also be configured to allow connection to an external load and / or energy source. Illustratively, the garment 100 is a shirt, but other embodiments may comprise other garments. The battery 102, generator 104, solar collector 106, radio frequency energy collector 108, bus system 114, coupler 116, and connection 118 are integrated into the garment or removably coupled, or they A combination of these may be used. For example, antenna system 110 and bus system 114 may be integrated into the shirt fabric and battery 102 may be coupled to the shirt. In another example, the button 122 may include a solar collector 106. Some embodiments may not include all of the above components. For example, one embodiment may comprise a battery 102 and an antenna system 110. In some embodiments, a control module in battery 102 (see control module 208 in FIG. 34) may control the storage in the battery of energy received by battery 102 via bus system 114.

  FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of the system 100. System 100 includes a rotor 102 that includes a magnetic structure 104 that is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field, and a fixed that includes one or more bimetallic coils 108 that are comprised of an electrically conductive element 110 and a magnetically conductive element 112. And a child 106. 46 is a cross-sectional plan view of the rotor 102 of FIG. 45 taken along line 46-46. The magnetic structure 104 includes a plurality of magnets 114 in which the same poles are held in opposition to each other so as to generate a compressed magnetic field.

  Although specific embodiments and examples of coils, magnetic structures, devices, generators / motors, batteries, control modules, energy storage devices, and methods of generating and storing energy have been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art Various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as will be understood by The various embodiments described above can be combined into another embodiment.

  In light of the above detailed description, various modifications of the present invention are possible. In the appended claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the disclosure, but the scope thereof will be determined entirely by the appended claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Battery 102 Case 104 Generator 106 1st energy storage device 108 Control module 110 2nd energy storage device 112,114 Contact terminal 121 Electrically conductive winding 122 Coil 123 Magnetically conductive winding 124 Magnetic structure 130, 138 Spring 134 142 Repulsive magnet

Claims (62)

A battery,
Case and
A first generator housed in the case and configured to convert the energy received by the battery into electrical energy;
A first energy storage device housed in the case;
A second energy storage device housed in the case;
A control module housed in the case and coupled to the first and second energy storage devices and configured to control the transfer of electrical energy from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device;
A battery comprising a plurality of contact terminals.   The battery according to claim 1, wherein the first energy storage device includes an ultracapacitor, and the second energy storage device includes a lithium battery.   The battery according to claim 1, further comprising a third energy storage device.   The battery of claim 3, wherein the third energy storage device is coupled in series with the second energy storage device.   The battery of claim 3, wherein the third energy storage device is coupled in parallel with the first energy storage device.   The battery according to claim 1, further comprising a connector that accommodates the plurality of contact terminals.   The battery according to claim 1, wherein the case and the contact terminal have a structure of an AA battery. The first generator is
Coils,
The battery according to claim 1, comprising a magnetic structure.   The battery of claim 8, wherein the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. The coil is
An electrically conductive element;
The battery according to claim 8, comprising a magnetically conductive element.   The battery of claim 10, wherein the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field.   The battery of claim 1, wherein the plurality of contact terminals are electrically coupled to the control module.   The battery of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control the transfer of energy between the second energy storage device and the contact terminal.   14. The battery according to claim 13, wherein the transfer of energy between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal includes transfer of energy from the contact terminal to the second energy storage device.   The battery of claim 13, wherein the transfer of energy between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal includes transfer of energy from the contact terminal to the first energy storage device.   The battery of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control energy transfer between the first energy storage device and the contact terminal.   The battery of claim 1, further comprising a suspension system coupled to the generator.   The battery of claim 17, wherein the suspension system is tuned to optimize the conversion of expected pattern of movement into electrical energy.   The battery of claim 1, wherein the generator is configured to convert energy received through movement of the battery.   The battery of claim 1, wherein the generator is configured to convert parasitically received energy.   The battery according to claim 1, wherein the case includes a magnetic shield. Case and
A coil housed in the case;
A magnetic structure housed in the case and configured to generate a compressed magnetic field;
A first energy storage device housed in the case;
A plurality of contact terminals coupled to the case;
A battery housed in the case and comprising a control module coupled to the coil and the first energy storage device.   The battery according to claim 22, wherein the magnetic structure includes a plurality of rare earth magnets separated from each other, and the same poles of adjacent magnets of the plurality of rare earth magnets are arranged to face each other.   The battery according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of magnets are held at appropriate positions with respect to each other.   24. The battery according to claim 23, wherein a space between two of the plurality of magnets is substantially filled with a nonmagnetic material.   The battery according to claim 25, wherein the non-magnetic substance is air.   The battery according to claim 25, wherein the non-magnetic substance is a fluoropolymer resin.   The battery according to claim 22, wherein the case is vacuum-tightly sealed.   23. The battery of claim 22, further comprising a suspension system coupled to the magnetic structure.   30. The battery of claim 29, wherein the suspension system is tuned to optimize the conversion of expected pattern of movement into electrical energy. The coil is
An electrically conductive element;
30. The battery of claim 29, comprising a magnetically conductive element.   32. The battery of claim 31, wherein the magnetically conductive element is configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive element. Case and
A coil housed in the case and having an electrically conductive element and a magnetically conductive element;
A magnetic structure;
A first energy storage device housed in the case;
A plurality of contact terminals coupled to the case;
A battery housed in the case and comprising a control module coupled to the coil and the first energy storage device.   34. The battery of claim 33, wherein the magnetically conductive element is configured to concentrate magnetic flux within the electrically conductive element.   34. The battery of claim 33, wherein the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive wire in a multi-wire winding, and the magnetically conductive element is a magnetic conductive wire in the multi-wire winding.   34. The battery of claim 33, wherein the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive winding and the magnetically conductive element is a magnetically conductive winding.   34. The battery according to claim 33, wherein the electrically conductive element is an electrically conductive wiring formed on a first insulating substrate.   38. The battery according to claim 37, wherein the magnetically conductive element is a magnetically conductive wiring formed on the first insulating substrate.   39. The battery according to claim 38, wherein the electrically conductive wiring is formed on a first surface of the first insulating substrate, and the magnetic conductive wiring is formed on the first surface of the first insulating substrate. A plurality of insulating substrates;
The electrically conductive element comprises a plurality of electrically conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates,
34. The battery according to claim 33, wherein the magnetic conductive element includes a plurality of magnetic conductive wirings formed on a plurality of substrates selected from the plurality of insulating substrates.   34. The battery of claim 33, wherein the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field.   34. The battery of claim 33, wherein one of the plurality of contact terminals is electrically coupled to an external battery contact terminal. A battery,
Case and
Means for converting the movement of the battery into a current;
A first means stored in the case and storing energy;
A second means for storing energy stored in the case;
Means for controlling the transfer of energy from the means for converting motion to the first means stored in the case for storing energy;
Means for accessing the energy stored in the first means for storing energy.   44. The battery according to claim 43, further comprising a third means stored in the case and storing energy. The means for converting motion is:
Means for conducting current,
44. The battery of claim 43, comprising means for generating a magnetic field.   46. The battery of claim 45, wherein the means for generating a magnetic field is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field.   The battery of claim 46, further comprising means for conducting magnetic flux.   The battery of claim 45, further comprising means for conducting magnetic flux.   46. The battery of claim 45, further comprising means for facilitating relative movement of the means for conducting current relative to the means for generating a magnetic field. A method of operating a battery,
Moving the battery;
Converting energy received through movement of the battery into current;
Controlling the transfer of energy to a plurality of energy storage devices housed in the battery. Controlling the transfer of energy is
Storing the energy of the current in a first energy storage device among the plurality of energy storage devices;
51. The method of claim 50, comprising controlling the transfer of energy from the first energy storage device to a second energy storage device of the plurality of energy storage devices.   51. The method of claim 50, wherein controlling the energy transfer includes rectifying the current.   51. The method of claim 50, further comprising controlling the transfer of energy from the battery to a load. Providing current to the battery;
51. The method of claim 50, further comprising controlling storing the provided current energy in the battery.   51. The method of claim 50, wherein converting energy received through movement of the battery into current includes generating a compressed magnetic field.   56. The method of claim 55, wherein converting energy received via movement of the battery into current further comprises concentrating the compressed magnetic field in an electrically conductive winding.   56. The method of claim 55, wherein generating the compressed magnetic field includes maintaining two spaced apart magnets with the same poles facing each other at a distance closer to the ambient distance.   51. The method of claim 50, wherein converting energy received via movement of the battery into current includes concentrating a magnetic field within the electrically conductive element.   59. The method of claim 58, wherein concentrating a magnetic field within the electrically conductive element includes positioning a magnetically conductive element with respect to the electrically conductive element to concentrate the magnetic field.   51. The method of claim 50, wherein converting energy received via movement of the battery into current includes converting the energy into relative movement between an electrically conductive winding and a magnetic field.   61. The method of claim 60, wherein the relative motion is generally linear.   61. The method of claim 60, wherein the relative motion is generally rotation.

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