JP2010511140A - Combustor with means for changing the direction of fuel flow - Google Patents

Combustor with means for changing the direction of fuel flow Download PDF

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JP2010511140A
JP2010511140A JP2009538807A JP2009538807A JP2010511140A JP 2010511140 A JP2010511140 A JP 2010511140A JP 2009538807 A JP2009538807 A JP 2009538807A JP 2009538807 A JP2009538807 A JP 2009538807A JP 2010511140 A JP2010511140 A JP 2010511140A
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combustor
duct
fuel
main axis
outlet
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JP5394247B2 (en
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オールセン，イブ
ジェンセン，ラース スカーラップ
ピーター ハンセン，ジェンス
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エフエルシュミッド エー／エス
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14481—Burner nozzles incorporating flow adjusting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices

Abstract


セメントクリンカ等を製造するためのロータリーキルンのような、キルンの燃焼帯に固体、液体またはガス燃料を導入するための燃焼器の記述が与えられ、前記燃焼器が、ノズル開口に燃料および一次空気を搬送するための、燃焼器の主軸Ｂａに平行の、複数の実質的に同心のダクト（１、２、３）、同じく、別個のノズル開口に固体、流体またはガス燃料を搬送するための複数の追加のダクト（４、６、７、８）、を備え、前記追加のダクトが、燃焼器の中心部（１０）内に位置する。この燃焼器は、それが、燃焼器の主軸Ｂａに対して少なくとも上方に向かう方向に、燃焼器の中心部（１０）内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段（４ａ、５）を備えるという点を特徴とする。これによって、個々の燃料粒子が湾曲したおおよそ弾道経路で移動することができ、それによってそれらが火炎内に保持されることができる時間をのばすことができる。燃焼器のこの構成の別の利点は、より小さい粒子の経路が、大きいものが燃焼器の主軸に平行な外側環状一次空気ノズルを通して注入される一次空気による場合よりもより大きな程度に偏向されるので、大径粒子が最も高い、およびしたがって、最も長い経路を達成するということである。したがって、それらのサイズに関係なく、全ての粒子のより一様な燃焼を達成することが可能である。注入の速度または方向を変更することによって粒子の経路を変えることが可能である。
【選択図】 図１
A description of a combustor for introducing solid, liquid or gas fuel into the kiln combustion zone, such as a rotary kiln for producing cement clinker or the like, is provided, said combustor delivering fuel and primary air to the nozzle opening. for conveying, parallel to the main axis B a combustor, a plurality of substantially concentric ducts (1, 2, 3), similarly, a plurality for conveying solid, fluid or gaseous fuel to separate nozzle openings Additional ducts (4, 6, 7, 8), which are located in the central part (10) of the combustor. The combustor is it, in a direction toward the at least upwardly to the main axis B a combustor, the flow of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts in the central portion of the combustor (10) It is characterized by comprising means (4a, 5) for changing the direction. This allows individual fuel particles to move in a curved, generally ballistic path, thereby extending the time that they can be held in the flame. Another advantage of this configuration of the combustor is that the path of smaller particles is deflected to a greater extent than with the primary air injected through the outer annular primary air nozzle, the larger of which is parallel to the main axis of the combustor. So, large diameter particles are the highest and thus achieve the longest path. It is therefore possible to achieve a more uniform combustion of all particles regardless of their size. It is possible to change the path of the particles by changing the speed or direction of injection.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、セメントクリンカ等を製造するためのロータリーキルンのような、キルンの燃焼帯に固体、液体またはガス燃料を導入するための燃焼器であって、前記燃焼器が、ノズル開口に燃料および一次空気を搬送するための、燃焼器の主軸に平行の、複数の実質的に同心のダクト、同じく、別個のノズル開口に固体、流体またはガス燃料を搬送するための複数の追加のダクト、を備え、前記追加のダクトが、燃焼器の中心部内に位置する燃焼器、に関する。   The present invention is a combustor for introducing solid, liquid or gas fuel into a kiln combustion zone, such as a rotary kiln for producing cement clinker or the like, wherein the combustor includes fuel and primary in a nozzle opening. A plurality of substantially concentric ducts parallel to the main axis of the combustor for conveying air, as well as a plurality of additional ducts for conveying solid, fluid or gas fuel to separate nozzle openings , Wherein the additional duct is located in the center of the combustor.

上述した種類の燃焼器は、例えば特許文献１および特許文献２から公知である。これらの公知の燃焼器は、中心部内に、燃料を搬送するための１つまたはいくつかのダクトを備え、前記ダクトは、一次空気を導入するための環状の同心のチャンネルによって取り囲まれている。これらの中心に設置されたチャンネルは、例えばプラスチック、紙、ゴムおよび木材チップを備えた固体燃料または固体および／または液体燃料の混合物のような代替燃料を導入するためにしばしば使われる。   Combustors of the kind described above are known, for example, from US Pat. These known combustors comprise in the center one or several ducts for conveying fuel, said ducts being surrounded by an annular concentric channel for introducing primary air. These centrally located channels are often used to introduce alternative fuels such as solid fuels or mixtures of solid and / or liquid fuels with plastic, paper, rubber and wood chips, for example.

例えば、固体燃料がセメント製造のためのロータリーキルン内の火炎に燃料ダクトを通して注入されるときに、それらが材料チャージの中に落ちる前に大部分の粒子の完全燃焼を達成するために、個々の燃料粒子ができる限り長く浮遊しているように保たれることを確実にすることが重要である。しかしながら、この場所での燃焼プロセスの継続とともに、材料チャージの中に落ちる最も大きい燃料粒子の完全燃焼を達成することは、めったに可能でない。そのような場合、キルンからの材料の吐出しの前に粒子の完全燃焼を達成するために実行できるように可能であるように、これらの粒子がある程度までキルンの中に導かれることは、常に、セメントの製造のための典型的なロータリーキルンにおける場合のように、材料が、燃料が注入されるそれの反対側にある方向に搬送されるとすれば、有利であろう。そうでない場合、未燃粒子はロータリーキルン内の材料チャージに損傷を引き起こすかもしれない。かなり頻繁に、固体の代替燃料は非常に多様な粒度を有し、および概して、それらは固体の化石燃料より微細に粉砕されない。また、代替燃料の粉砕は比較的複雑でかつ高価なプロセスであるかもしれない。したがって、多くの燃焼器は、少量の一次空気が代替燃料用の個々のダクトを取り囲む環状の同心のダクトを通して注入されるように構成される。完全燃焼が達成されるまで、この種の構成によって比較的大きい粒子さえ浮遊されたままであることができる。特許文献２において、固体燃料用のダクトの回りに同心円状に配置される一次空気のための別個の環状のダクトの記述が与えられている。この種の構成は、燃料粒子が浮遊の状態に維持されることができる時間を増加し、それによって燃焼効率の改善につながることを可能にするであろう。燃料粒子に火炎の断面エリア内でさらに外側に散乱されるようにする回転に従って一次空気が注入され、それによって燃焼効率を向上させることもまた、この特許出願において提案されている。しかしながら、これらの粒子の完全燃焼が達成される前に、それが大径粒子に火炎の点までずっと外へ押し出されるようにする可能性があるので、欠点が回転に従う空気の注入と結びつくかもしれない。キルン内の材料の品質の損なわれる付随する危険性とともに、これは燃料粒子の落下する危険性を伴う可能性がある。また、燃料が、燃焼器の主軸と実質的に平行な流れの方向に、キルンに導入されることは、周知の燃焼器の共通の特性である。この文脈において、表現「流れ方向」は、平均して、燃料ストリーム内の燃料粒子によって、記述される方向を意味するようにとられる。回転に従って燃料が導入される場合において、燃料の流れ方向はしたがって燃料ストリームの対称中心線とおおよそ一致する。   For example, when solid fuel is injected through a fuel duct into a flame in a rotary kiln for cement production, individual fuels are used to achieve complete combustion of most particles before they fall into the material charge. It is important to ensure that the particles remain floating as long as possible. However, with continued combustion processes at this location, it is rarely possible to achieve complete combustion of the largest fuel particles falling into the material charge. In such cases, it is always possible that these particles are guided into the kiln to some extent so that it can be performed to achieve complete combustion of the particles prior to the discharge of the material from the kiln. It would be advantageous if the material was transported in a direction opposite to that where the fuel is injected, as in a typical rotary kiln for cement production. Otherwise, unburned particles may cause damage to the material charge in the rotary kiln. Quite often, solid alternative fuels have a great variety of particle sizes and, in general, they are not pulverized more finely than solid fossil fuels. Also, alternative fuel grinding may be a relatively complex and expensive process. Accordingly, many combustors are configured such that a small amount of primary air is injected through an annular concentric duct that surrounds individual ducts for alternative fuels. This type of configuration allows even relatively large particles to remain suspended until complete combustion is achieved. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,836, a description of a separate annular duct for primary air arranged concentrically around a solid fuel duct is given. This type of configuration will allow the fuel particles to remain in a suspended state for an increased time, thereby leading to improved combustion efficiency. It has also been proposed in this patent application that primary air is injected according to a rotation that causes the fuel particles to be scattered further outward in the cross-sectional area of the flame, thereby improving combustion efficiency. However, before complete combustion of these particles can be achieved, it may cause the large particles to be pushed out all the way to the point of the flame, so the drawback may be associated with air injection following rotation. Absent. This can be accompanied by the risk of fuel particles falling, with the attendant danger of degrading the quality of the material in the kiln. It is also a common characteristic of known combustors that fuel is introduced into the kiln in a direction of flow that is substantially parallel to the main axis of the combustor. In this context, the expression “flow direction” is taken to mean, on average, the direction described by the fuel particles in the fuel stream. In the case where fuel is introduced according to rotation, the direction of fuel flow therefore approximately coincides with the symmetry centerline of the fuel stream.

ＥＰ ９６５ ０１９EP 965 019 ＥＰ ９６７ ４３４EP 967 434

代替燃料が上述した欠点のいずれかを伴わずにより長い期間の間火炎内に保持されることができる燃焼器を提供することが、本発明の目的である。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustor in which an alternative fuel can be held in a flame for a longer period without any of the disadvantages described above.

本発明によれば、これは序文内に言及され、かつ、燃焼器が、燃焼器の主軸に対して少なくとも部分的に上方に向かう方向に、燃焼器の中心部内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段を備えるという点を特徴とする、種類の一方法によって達成される。   According to the invention, this is mentioned in the introduction and at least of the additional ducts in the center of the combustor in a direction in which the combustor is at least partially upward relative to the main axis of the combustor. This is achieved by a kind of method, characterized in that it comprises means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through one.

したがって、個々の燃料粒子が湾曲したおおよそ弾道経路で移動することができ、それによってそれらが火炎内に保持されることができる時間をのばすことができる。燃焼器のこの構成の別の利点は、より小さい粒子の経路が、大きいものが燃焼器の主軸に平行な外側環状一次空気ノズルを通して注入される一次空気による場合よりも、より大きな程度に偏向されるので、大径粒子が最も高い、およびしたがって、最も長い経路を達成するということである。したがって、それらのサイズに関係なく、全ての粒子のより一様な燃焼を達成することが可能である。注入の速度または方向を変更することによって粒子の経路を変えることが可能である。   Thus, individual fuel particles can travel in a curved, generally ballistic path, thereby extending the time that they can be held in the flame. Another advantage of this configuration of the combustor is that the path of smaller particles is deflected to a greater extent than with the primary air injected through an outer annular primary air nozzle, the larger of which is parallel to the main axis of the combustor. Thus, large particles are the highest and thus achieve the longest path. It is therefore possible to achieve a more uniform combustion of all particles regardless of their size. It is possible to change the path of the particles by changing the speed or direction of injection.

原則として、燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段は任意の適切な手段から構成されることができる。   In principle, the means for changing the direction of fuel flow can consist of any suitable means.

本発明の一実施態様において、燃焼器の中心部内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段は、その中心線が燃焼器の主軸に対して角度を形成する、これの接近した延長部分内の当該のダクトの出口点に位置する注入ダクトを備える。注入ダクトは、それが燃焼器の主軸に対して１°と２５°との間の、優先的に５°と１５°の間の、最も優先的に７°と１０°の間の角度で上方へ向くように設置されることが好ましい。注入ダクトの出口の最も低い点が当該のダクトの管の上部より上のレベルに位置することが、さらに好ましい。注入ダクトは、特別な実施態様において楕円形の断面を有することができるか、または、さもなければ高さ／幅比率が１未満であるように構成されることができる。これが事実ならば、注入速度は注入ダクトの断面積を変えることによって、または燃料と共に同時に注入される気流率を変えることによって変更されることができる。   In one embodiment of the invention, the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the center of the combustor is such that its center line is angled with respect to the main axis of the combustor. And an injection duct located at the exit point of the duct in its close extension. The injection duct rises at an angle between 1 ° and 25 °, preferentially between 5 ° and 15 °, most preferentially between 7 ° and 10 ° with respect to the main axis of the combustor It is preferable to be installed so as to face. More preferably, the lowest point of the outlet of the injection duct is located at a level above the top of the duct's tube. The injection duct can have an elliptical cross section in a particular embodiment, or can be configured such that the height / width ratio is less than 1. If this is the case, the injection rate can be changed by changing the cross-sectional area of the injection duct or by changing the airflow rate injected simultaneously with the fuel.

本発明の第２の一実施態様において、燃料が燃焼器の主軸と平行に導入される。本発明の本実施態様において、燃焼器の中心部内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段は、通気ダクトを備え、その出口は、通気ダクトの出口断面の重心が当該のダクトの出口断面の重心に対して変位されるような方法で、当該のダクトに接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置する。本発明に従うこの実施態様において、燃料の流れ方向の変化が、出口の断面または換言すれば通気ダクト出口のフロースルーエリアが、当該の燃料ダクトの出口全体に均一に分配されないことを伴い、さらにまた、通気ダクト出口の中を流れる空気の量が、当該の燃料ダクト出口の周囲全体に均一に分配されないことを伴う、一方法に従って遂行される。最高通気道率が生じる通気ダクト出口のエリアまたは複数エリア内に、空気の最も大きな運動量が生じるので、この流れ方向がこのエリアまたはこれらの複数エリアに向けた方向に変えられるように、このエリアまたはこれらの複数エリア内の気流は燃料に物理的に影響を与える。本発明のこの第２の実施態様は、上述した第１の実施態様と組み合わせられることができる。   In a second embodiment of the invention, fuel is introduced parallel to the main axis of the combustor. In this embodiment of the invention, the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the center of the combustor comprises a ventilation duct, the outlet of which is located in the ventilation duct It is located close to or at least partially surrounding the duct in such a way that the center of gravity of the outlet section is displaced relative to the center of gravity of the outlet section of the duct. In this embodiment according to the invention, the change in the fuel flow direction is accompanied by the fact that the cross-section of the outlet or in other words the flow-through area of the vent duct outlet is not evenly distributed throughout the outlet of the fuel duct, This is accomplished in accordance with a method that involves the amount of air flowing through the vent duct outlet not being evenly distributed throughout the perimeter of the fuel duct outlet. In the area or areas of the ventilation duct where the highest airway rate occurs, the greatest momentum of air is produced, so that this flow direction can be changed to this area or to these areas. Airflow within these multiple areas physically affects the fuel. This second embodiment of the invention can be combined with the first embodiment described above.

本発明の第３の一実施態様において燃料は、また、燃焼器の主軸と平行に導入される。本発明のこの第３の実施態様において燃焼器の中心部内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段は、別個の通気ダクトを備え、その出口は、当該のダクトに接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置し、かつ燃焼器の主軸に対して角度を形成する。本実施態様において、それによって別個の通気ダクトを通して注入される空気が、燃焼器の主軸に対して通気ダクトによって形成される角度の関数として決定される異なる方向に燃料を押し付ける一方法に従って、燃料の流れ方向が変えられる。それが燃焼器の主軸に対して８°と８０°の間の、優先的に３５°と６０°の間の角度で上方へ向くように、通気ダクトが嵌入されることが好ましい。本実施態様において注入の方向および速度は、気流率を変化させることによって変えられる。本発明のこの第３の実施態様は、上記した実施態様の一方または両方と組み合わせられることができる。   In a third embodiment of the invention, the fuel is also introduced parallel to the main axis of the combustor. In this third embodiment of the invention, the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the center of the combustor comprises a separate ventilation duct, the outlet of which is , Located close to or at least partially surrounding the duct and forming an angle with respect to the main axis of the combustor. In this embodiment, according to one method by which the air injected through a separate ventilation duct presses the fuel in different directions determined as a function of the angle formed by the ventilation duct with respect to the main axis of the combustor. The flow direction can be changed. The ventilation duct is preferably fitted so that it faces upwards at an angle between 8 ° and 80 °, preferentially between 35 ° and 60 ° with respect to the main axis of the combustor. In this embodiment, the direction and speed of the injection can be changed by changing the airflow rate. This third embodiment of the invention can be combined with one or both of the embodiments described above.

ダクト４ａ、４はダクト中の中心線に対して９０°とは異なる角度を形成する出口断面と共に構成されることができる。この種の構成は、もっぱら燃料ストリームの方向に、または上述の実施態様と組合せて、変更を遂行するために用いることができる。   The ducts 4a, 4 can be configured with outlet cross sections that form an angle different from 90 ° with respect to the centerline in the duct. This type of configuration can be used to accomplish the changes exclusively in the direction of the fuel stream or in combination with the embodiments described above.

本発明は次に概略の図を参照して更に詳細に記載され、およびそこにおいて、   The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the schematic drawings, in which:

本発明に従う燃焼器の第１の実施態様を示す。1 shows a first embodiment of a combustor according to the present invention. 本発明に従う燃焼器の第２の実施態様を示す。2 shows a second embodiment of a combustor according to the invention. 本発明に従う燃焼器の第３の実施態様を示す。Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of a combustor according to the present invention.

図１−３は、本発明に従う燃焼器の３つの異なる実施態様の正面図、同じく断面図を示し、およびそれらは全て、主軸Ｂａと平行である一次空気を搬送するための２つの実質的に同心のダクト１および２、ならびに、炭塵の空気式運搬のためのこれと共に同心のダクト３、ならびに、固体の代替燃料を搬送するためのダクト４を備える中心部１０、ならびにそれぞれ、点火ガスバーナ、油バーナおよびガスバーナのための、複数の追加のダクトまたは管６、７および８、を備える。図２および３内に示される燃焼器はさらに、ダクト４を取り囲む通気ダクト５を備える。 Figure 1-3 is a front view of three different embodiments of the combustor according to the present invention, also shows a cross-sectional view, and two substantially for transporting all of which the primary air is parallel to the main axis B a A concentric duct 1 and 2 and a central part 10 with a concentric duct 3 for the pneumatic transport of coal dust and a duct 4 for conveying a solid alternative fuel, and an ignition gas burner, respectively. A plurality of additional ducts or tubes 6, 7 and 8 for oil and gas burners. The combustor shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 further comprises a ventilation duct 5 surrounding the duct 4.

図１内に示される本発明の第１の実施態様によれば、燃焼器は、固体の代替燃料を搬送するためのダクト４の延長部分内に嵌入される導入ダクト４ａを備える。導入ダクト４ａは、それがその中心線に対しておおよそ８°の角度αで燃焼器の主軸に対して上方へ向くように、配置される。前述のように、燃料の注入速度は導入ダクト４ａの断面積を変えることによって、または燃料と同時に注入される気流率を変化させることによって変更されることができる。 According to the first embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, the combustor comprises an introduction duct 4a which is fitted into an extension of the duct 4 for carrying a solid alternative fuel. The introduction duct 4a is arranged so that it faces upwards with respect to the main axis of the combustor at an angle α of approximately 8 ° with respect to its centerline. As described above, the fuel injection speed can be changed by changing the cross-sectional area of the introduction duct 4a or by changing the air flow rate injected simultaneously with the fuel.

図２内に示される本発明の第２の実施態様によれば、燃焼器は上述のごとく通気ダクト５を備え、その出口は、それが固体の代替燃料を搬送するためのダクト４を取り囲むように位置する。本実施態様において、通気ダクト５は、通気ダクト５の出口断面の重心がダクト４の出口断面の重心に対して上方向へ変位されるように配置される。したがって、最大量の空気が通気ダクト５の上部を通して流れ、それによって燃料ストリームに上方への方向に影響を与え、したがって燃料の流れの方向を上方への方向に変える。これは、示された実施態様内の空気の運動量が通気ダクト５の出口の上部のエリアで最も大きいという事実による。序文内に言及されたように、本発明のこの第２の実施態様は上記した第１の実施態様と組み合わせられることができるが、これは図面内に示されていない。   According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the combustor comprises a ventilation duct 5 as described above, the outlet of which surrounds the duct 4 for carrying solid alternative fuel. Located in. In this embodiment, the ventilation duct 5 is arranged so that the center of gravity of the outlet cross section of the ventilation duct 5 is displaced upward with respect to the center of gravity of the outlet cross section of the duct 4. Thus, the maximum amount of air flows through the top of the ventilation duct 5, thereby affecting the fuel stream in the upward direction, thus changing the direction of fuel flow in the upward direction. This is due to the fact that the air momentum in the illustrated embodiment is greatest in the area above the outlet of the ventilation duct 5. As mentioned in the introduction, this second embodiment of the present invention can be combined with the first embodiment described above, which is not shown in the drawings.

図３内に示される本発明の第３の実施態様によれば、燃焼器は、上述のごとく通気ダクト５を備え、その出口は、それが固体の代替燃料を搬送するためのダクト４を取り囲むように位置する。示された実施態様において通気ダクト５は、それが燃焼器の主軸に対しておおよそ６５°の角度βを形成して上方向へ向くように配置される。これは、通気ダクト５を通して注入される気流が燃料に上方への方向を強いるという事実によって、燃料の流れ方向を上方への方向に変化させる。前述のように、注入の方向および速度は気流率を変化させることによって変えられることができる。本発明のこの第３の実施態様は、前述のように上述した実施態様の一方または両方と組み合わせられることができる。   According to the third embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the combustor comprises a ventilation duct 5 as described above, the outlet of which surrounds the duct 4 for carrying solid alternative fuel. Is located. In the embodiment shown, the ventilation duct 5 is arranged so that it faces upwards, forming an angle β of approximately 65 ° with respect to the main axis of the combustor. This changes the fuel flow direction upward due to the fact that the air flow injected through the ventilation duct 5 forces the fuel upward. As mentioned above, the direction and speed of injection can be changed by changing the airflow rate. This third embodiment of the invention can be combined with one or both of the embodiments described above as described above.

ダクト
４ａ 導入ダクト
５ 通気ダクト
６、７、８ 追加のダクトまたは管
１０ 中心部
Ｂａ 主軸
α、β 角度 Duct 4a Introduction duct 5 Ventilation ducts 6, 7, 8 Additional ducts or pipes 10 Center B a Main axes α, β Angle

Claims (10)

セメントクリンカ等を製造するためのロータリーキルンのような、固体、液体またはガス燃料をキルンの燃焼帯に導入するための燃焼器であって、前記燃焼器が、ノズル開口に燃料および一次空気を搬送するための前記燃焼器の主軸（Ｂａ）と平行である複数の実質的に同心のダクト（１、２、３）と、別個のノズル開口に固体、流体またはガス燃料を搬送するための複数の追加のダクト（４、６、７、８）と、を備え、前記追加のダクトが前記燃焼器の中心部（１０）内に位置し、前記燃焼器が、前記燃焼器の前記主軸Ｂａに対して少なくとも部分的に上方に向かう方向に、前記燃焼器の中心部（１０）内に追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される燃料の流れ方向を変えるための手段（４ａ、５）を備える、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 A combustor for introducing solid, liquid or gas fuel into a kiln combustion zone, such as a rotary kiln for producing cement clinker or the like, said combustor carrying fuel and primary air to a nozzle opening A plurality of substantially concentric ducts (1, 2, 3) parallel to the main axis (B a ) of the combustor and a plurality for conveying solid, fluid or gas fuel to separate nozzle openings comprising the additional duct (4, 6, 7, 8), wherein the additional duct is located in the center (10) of the combustor, the combustor, the major axis B a of the combustor Means (4a, 5) for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts in the central part (10) of the combustor, at least partly upwards relative to With features Combustors. 請求項１に記載の燃焼器であって、前記燃焼器の前記中心部内に前記追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される前記燃料の前記流れ方向を変えるための前記手段が、これの接近した延長部分内の当該の前記ダクトの出口末端に位置し、その中心線が前記燃焼器の前記主軸（Ｂａ）に対して角度を形成する、導入ダクト（４ａ）を備える、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the central portion of the combustor. Characterized in that it comprises an introduction duct (4a) located at the outlet end of the duct in the close extension and whose center line forms an angle with the main axis (B a ) of the combustor. And a combustor. 請求項２に記載の燃焼器であって、前記導入ダクト（４ａ）が、それが前記燃焼器の前記主軸（Ｂａ）に対して１°と２５°の間の、優先的に５°と１５°の間の、最も優先的に７°と１０°の間の角度で上方へ向くように配置される、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 Combustor according to claim 2, wherein the introduction duct (4a) is preferentially between 5 ° and 1 ° with respect to the main axis (B a ) of the combustor, preferentially 5 °. Combustor characterized in that it is arranged to face upwards at an angle between 15 °, most preferentially between 7 ° and 10 °. 請求項１に記載の燃焼器であって、前記燃焼器の前記中心部内に前記追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される前記燃料の前記流れ方向を変えるための前記手段が、通気ダクト（５）を備え、その出口が、前記通気ダクト（５）の前記出口断面の重心が当該の前記ダクトの前記出口断面の前記重心に対して変位されるような方法で、当該の前記ダクトに接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置する、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。   2. A combustor according to claim 1, wherein the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the central portion of the combustor is a ventilation duct. (5), the outlet of the vent duct (5) in a manner such that the center of gravity of the outlet cross section of the vent duct (5) is displaced relative to the center of gravity of the outlet cross section of the duct. Combustor characterized in that it is located close or at least partially surrounded. 請求項２または３に記載の燃焼器であって、前記手段が、通気ダクト（５）を更に備え、その出口が、前記通気ダクト（５）の前記出口断面の前記重力の点が前記ダクト（４ａ）の前記出口断面の前記重心に対して変位されるような方法で、前記ダクト（４ａ）に接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置する、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。   The combustor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the means further comprises a ventilation duct (5), the outlet of which is the point of gravity of the outlet cross section of the ventilation duct (5). Combustor characterized in that it is located close to or at least partially surrounding the duct (4a) in such a way that it is displaced relative to the center of gravity of the outlet section of 4a). 請求項１に記載の燃焼器であって、前記燃焼器の前記中心部内に前記追加のダクトのうちの少なくとも１つを通して導入される前記燃料の前記流れ方向を変えるための前記手段が、別個の通気ダクト（５）を備え、その出口が、前記ダクトに接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置し、かつ前記燃焼器の前記主軸（Ｂａ）に対して角度を形成する、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 The combustor of claim 1, wherein the means for changing the flow direction of the fuel introduced through at least one of the additional ducts into the central portion of the combustor is a separate unit. Comprising a ventilation duct (5), the outlet of which is located close to or at least partially surrounding the duct and forms an angle with respect to the main axis (B a ) of the combustor; Characteristic combustor. 請求項６に記載の燃焼器であって、前記通気ダクト（５）が、それが前記燃焼器の前記主軸に対して８°と８０°の間の、優先的に３５°と６０°の間の角度で上方へ向くように配置されている、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。   Combustor according to claim 6, wherein the ventilation duct (5) is between 8 ° and 80 °, preferentially between 35 ° and 60 ° with respect to the main axis of the combustor. It is arrange | positioned so that it may face upwards at the angle of. 請求項２または３に記載の燃焼器であって、前記手段が、別個の通気ダクト（５）を更に備え、その前記出口が、当該の前記ダクトに接近してまたは、少なくとも部分的に取り囲んで位置し、かつ前記燃焼器の前記主軸（Ｂａ）に対して角度を形成する、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 A combustor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the means further comprises a separate ventilation duct (5), the outlet of which is close to or at least partially surrounding the duct. A combustor that is located and forms an angle with respect to the main axis (B a ) of the combustor. 請求項８に記載の燃焼器であって、前記通気ダクト（５）が、それが前記主軸に対して８°と８０°の間の、優先的に３５°と６０°の間の角度で上方へ向くように配置されている、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。   9. Combustor according to claim 8, wherein the ventilation duct (5) is at an angle between 8 ° and 80 °, preferentially between 35 ° and 60 ° with respect to the main axis. A combustor, characterized by being arranged to face. 請求項５に記載の燃焼器であって、前記ダクト（４ａ）に接近して、または、少なくとも部分的に取り囲む、出口を有する、前記通気ダクト（５）が、前記燃焼器の前記主軸（Ｂａ）に対して角度を形成する、ことを特徴とする燃焼器。 Combustor according to claim 5, wherein the ventilation duct (5) with an outlet, close to or at least partially surrounding the duct (4a), is the main shaft (B) of the combustor. a combustor characterized in that it forms an angle with respect to a ).
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WO2008065554A1 (en) 2008-06-05
EP2087285A4 (en) 2016-08-17
AU2007326900A1 (en) 2008-06-05
CA2667921A1 (en) 2008-06-05
ZA200902956B (en) 2010-07-28
EG25502A (en) 2012-01-22
JP5394247B2 (en) 2014-01-22
AU2007326900B2 (en) 2012-12-13
RU2437029C2 (en) 2011-12-20
EP2087285A1 (en) 2009-08-12
MX2009005411A (en) 2009-06-01
RU2009118564A (en) 2011-01-10
CN101542204B (en) 2012-12-26
CA2667921C (en) 2015-04-21
CN101542204A (en) 2009-09-23
US20100003625A1 (en) 2010-01-07

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