JP2010509504A - Electrolysis device, internal combustion engine including electrolysis device, and vehicle including internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

  The electrolysis apparatus includes an enclosed space 110, a first electrode 221 disposed in the enclosed space, a second electrode 236 disposed in the enclosed space, and at least one electromagnetic energy disposed in the enclosed space. And radiator 241. The apparatus further includes a power source 210 disposed outside the enclosed space, the power source being interconnected with the first electrode such that the first electrode forms a cathode, and the power source is The second electrode is interconnected with the second electrode so as to form an anode. The apparatus further includes at least one oscillator 254 disposed outside the enclosed space, each oscillator interconnected with one separate electromagnetic energy emitter. The engine system includes an electrolyzer 100 interconnected with the internal combustion engine 620. The electrolyzer decomposes water into a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is charged into the internal combustion engine and supplies fuel to the internal combustion engine. Vehicle 600 includes an engine system.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from US Patent Application No. 11/598941 filed on November 13, 2006 and US Patent Application No. 11/938339 filed on November 12, 2007. To do.

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The present invention further relates to an internal combustion engine using a combustible gas generated by electrolysis of water and a vehicle including the same.

  Modern society is critically dependent on energy. Every aspect of modern life, from power generation to driving cars, requires energy consumption.

  Desirable properties of any fuel or energy source include low cost, abundant supply, renewable, safety, and environmental compatibility. Hydrogen is currently the most promising for these desirable properties and offers the potential to greatly reduce reliance on conventional fossil fuels. Hydrogen is the most important element in the universe and, if realized, provides an inexhaustible source of fuel to meet today's growing energy demand.

  In addition to being abundant and widely available, hydrogen is also a clean fuel source. The combustion of hydrogen produces water as a by-product. Therefore, the use of hydrogen as a fuel source avoids the undesired generation of carbon and nitrogen-based greenhouse gases that cause global warming and the undesired generation of soot and other carbon-based pollutants in industrial production. The Hydrogen is a true green energy source.

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/598941 U.S. Patent Application No. 11/938339

The use of hydrogen as an energy source is limited by the large energy consumption to produce it from water, as shown in reaction equation (i).
2H ₂ O → 2H ₂ + O ₂ (i)

  Generally, prior art electrolyzers consume 4.0 kWh per cubic meter of hydrogen gas produced. Prior art electrolysis devices and methods use current strengths of tens to hundreds of amps at voltages of 1.6-2.0 volts.

  Applicant's invention includes an electrolyzer and an engine system including the electrolyzer interconnected with an internal combustion engine. The electrolyzer decomposes water into a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. A mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is introduced into the internal combustion engine and supplies fuel to the internal combustion engine.

  Applicant's electrolysis apparatus is removably attached to each of a bottom, a plurality of walls having a far end attached to the bottom and extending upward therefrom, and the far ends of the plurality of walls. A surrounding space including a bottom assembly, wherein the bottom portion, the plurality of walls, and the top form an enclosed space; and a first electrode disposed in the enclosed space; A second electrode disposed in the enclosed space; at least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed in the enclosed space; and an oscillator disposed outside the enclosed space, comprising: An oscillator interconnected with the electromagnetic energy radiator; and a gas outlet communicating with the enclosure space and extending outwardly from the enclosure space.

  Applicant's internal combustion engine includes one or more combustion chambers; and one or more pistons, each of the one or more pistons being a separate one of the one or more combustion chambers. A piston movably disposed therein; a crankshaft operably coupled to each of the one or more pistons; a fuel intake manifold interconnected with each of the plurality of combustion cylinders; and the fuel intake manifold A fuel input assembly interconnected with; a gas outlet and a conduit interconnecting the fuel input assembly; a first power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, interconnected with the oscillator A second power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode such that the first electrode forms a cathode. It is, and includes a power system wherein the second electrode is to be the second electrode and interconnected to form an anode.

  The present invention will be better understood upon reading the following detailed description, which is described in conjunction with the drawings in which the same reference identifiers are used to indicate the same elements.

1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of Applicant's electrolyzer, with the upper assembly shown removed from the five-sided housing. FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of Applicant's electrolysis apparatus including a sealing gasket disposed between the upper assembly and the housing. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 showing an upper assembly removably attached to the housing and forming an enclosed space forming an enclosed space. FIG. 6 is a top view of a third embodiment of Applicant's electrolyzer with the top assembly removed. FIG. 2B is a top view showing a part of the apparatus of FIG. 2A. 1 is a top view of one embodiment of Applicants' electromagnetic energy radiator. FIG. FIG. 6 is a top view of a fourth embodiment of Applicant's electrolyzer with the top assembly removed. FIG. 9 is a top view of a fifth embodiment of Applicant's electrolyzer with the upper assembly removed. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of Applicant's vehicle including Applicant's electrolyzer and internal combustion engine; FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing some of the elements of Applicant's internal combustion engine interconnected with Applicant's electrolyzer. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of Applicant's fuel input assembly; FIG. FIG. 3 shows a throttle valve disposed in Applicant's fuel input assembly and shown in a closed configuration. FIG. 4 shows a throttle valve disposed in Applicants' fuel input assembly and shown in an open configuration. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of Applicant's fuel input assembly. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of Applicant's fuel input assembly. 1 is a block diagram showing some elements of a first embodiment of an electrical system located in Applicant's vehicle. FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating some elements of a second embodiment of an electrical system disposed in Applicant's vehicle. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the applicant's vehicle.

  The present invention is described in the preferred embodiments in the following description with reference to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like or similar elements. Throughout this specification, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or similar terms, refer to particular mechanisms, structures, Or features are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, throughout this specification, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, and similar words are not necessarily all, but the same implementation. An example can be mentioned.

  The described features, structures, or characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are listed to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or may be practiced with other methods, components, materials, or the like. Will be understood. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.

  Referring now to FIG. 1A, Applicant's electrolyzer 100 includes a housing 110 that is combined with an upper assembly 140. The housing 110 includes a water input port 130 and a float valve assembly 180 (FIG. 1C). The plurality of electrodes 120 are disposed in the housing 110. Water input port 130 is interconnected with a water source and positioned such that each of the plurality of electrodes 120 remains covered with water.

  In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1A, the plurality of electrodes 120 includes eight electrodes. In other embodiments, the plurality of electrodes 120 includes less than eight electrodes. In still other embodiments, the plurality of electrodes 120 includes more than eight electrodes.

  Upper assembly 140 includes a gas outlet 150. A mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas formed by electrolysis of water in the apparatus 100 flows outward through the gas outlet 150. In some embodiments, one or more gas conduits interconnect the gas outlet 150 and one or more gas inlets of the internal combustion engine.

  Referring now to FIG. 1B, the upper assembly 140 can be releasably attached to the housing 110 to form a fluid tight seal. In some embodiments, the sealing gasket 160 is disposed between the top edges 112, 114, 116, and 118 of the housing 110 and the bottom edges 142, 144, 146, and 148 of the top assembly 140. The

  Referring now to FIG. 1C, the walls 172, 174, 176, and 178 are attached to the bottom 170 and extend upward therefrom. The upper assembly can be removably attached to the distal ends 112, 114, 116, and 118 of the walls 172, 174, 176, and 178, respectively. The bottom 170, wall 172, wall 174, wall 176, wall 178, and top assembly 140 combine to form an enclosed space.

  In some embodiments, the bottom 170 and the walls 172, 174, 176, 178 are made of one or more hard materials selected from the group consisting of wood, ceramic, metal, glass, and combinations thereof. It is formed. In some embodiments, the bottom 170 and the walls 172, 174, 176, and 178 are one type of but not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, mixtures thereof, and the like. Alternatively, it is formed from a plurality of types of polymer materials.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, device 100 includes four walls that interconnect the bottom and top assemblies. In general, Applicants' device 100 includes three or more walls that interconnect the bottom and top to form an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the enclosed space includes a volume of 1 cubic foot. In other embodiments, the enclosed space includes a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. In yet another embodiment, the enclosed space includes a volume greater than 1 cubic foot.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1C, Applicant's device 100 includes a length 102, a width 104, and a height 108. In general, the length 102, width 104, and height 108 are substantially equal. By “substantially equal”, Applicants mean the same plus or minus about 10 percent (10%).

  In embodiments in which Applicant's device 100 supplies fuel to an internal combustion engine located in a wheeled vehicle, the length 102 is between about 12 inches and about 16 inches and the width 104 is about 12 inches. The height 108 is between about 12 inches and about 16 inches. In these embodiments, the housing 110 includes a length 102, a width 104, and a height 106, the height 106 being between about 8 inches and about 12 inches.

  The upper end of the water injection port 130 is disposed at a distance 107 from the bottom 170. The float valve assembly 180 maintains the water level located within the device 100 at a depth equal to the distance 107 from the bottom 170. In some embodiments, the distance 107 is [(0.9) × (height 106)]. For example, in some embodiments, the height 106 is about 8 inches and the distance 107 is about 7 inches.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, the plurality of electrodes 120 (FIG. 1) includes electrodes 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235. , And 236. In some embodiments, each of the electrodes 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, and 236 is lead, copper, tin Formed of a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, and combinations thereof.

  In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of electrodes includes nickel (II) hydroxide. In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of electrodes comprises nickel (III) oxyhydroxide.

Applicant's apparatus 100 further includes a first power source 210. In some embodiments, the first power source 210 supplies DC power having a voltage _VDC between about 8 volts and about 48 volts to at least one anode electrode and to at least one cathode electrode. To do. In some embodiments, the first power source 210 provides 36 V _DC power to at least one anode electrode and to at least one cathode electrode.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, power conduit 212 interconnects first power source 210 with electrode 221 such that electrode 221 forms the cathode. The power conduit 214 interconnects the first power source 210 with the electrode 236 such that the electrode 236 forms an anode.

  In general, Applicant's electrolyzer 100 includes (N) electromagnetic energy radiators, where (N) is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12, during operation, of those (N) electromagnetic energy radiators. Each emits electromagnetic energy containing a different frequency. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, Applicant's electrolyzer 100 includes six electromagnetic energy radiators, namely electromagnetic energy radiators 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, and 246.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, electromagnetic energy radiators 241, 242, and 243 are disposed adjacent to wall 172. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, electromagnetic energy radiators 244, 245, and 246 are disposed adjacent to wall 176. In other embodiments, the one or more electromagnetic energy radiators each include a portion of one or more of the plurality of walls of the device 100. For example, in some embodiments where one or more of walls 172, 174, 176, and / or 178 are formed from one or more types of non-conductive materials, one or more electromagnetic energy The radiator is disposed in the wall 172 and / or the wall 174 and / or the wall 176 and / or the wall 178.

  In some embodiments, one or more of Applicants' (N) electromagnetic energy radiators comprise iron, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, tin, and combinations thereof Formed from a metal selected from the group. In some embodiments, one or more of Applicants' (N) electromagnetic energy radiators includes zinc.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, electromagnetic energy radiator 241 is interconnected with an oscillator 251 that provides a first energy that includes a first frequency and a first power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 251 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the first power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the first power level is about 600 watts.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 242 is interconnected with an oscillator 252 that provides a second energy that includes a second frequency and a second power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 252 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the second power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the second power level is about 600 watts.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 243 is interconnected with an oscillator 253, which provides a third energy including a third frequency and a third power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 253 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the third power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the third power level is about 600 watts.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 244 is interconnected with an oscillator 254 that provides a fourth energy that includes a fourth frequency and a fourth power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 254 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the fourth power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the fourth power level is about 600 watts.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 245 is interconnected with an oscillator 255, which provides a fifth energy including a fifth frequency and a fifth power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 255 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the fifth power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the fifth power level is about 600 watts.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 246 is interconnected with an oscillator 256 that provides a sixth energy that includes a sixth frequency and a sixth power level. In some embodiments, the oscillator 256 further includes a power amplifier. In some embodiments, the sixth power level is between about 1 watt and about 1000 watts. In some embodiments, the sixth power level is about 600 watts.

  In some embodiments, oscillators 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, and 256 include a single device that is optionally combined with a power amplifier, each of which has a different frequency. Multiple outputs can be provided, each of the multiple outputs including substantially the same power level.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, oscillators 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, and 256 receive power from a second power source via power conduits 215 and 217. In some embodiments, the second power source 213 provides DC power having a voltage _VDC between about 8 volts and about 48 volts to the one or more oscillators, and the one or more oscillators Are each interconnected with a separate electromagnetic energy emitter disposed within the device 100. In some embodiments, the second power source 213 provides 12 _VDC power to one or more oscillators, each of which is located in the device 100 and is a separate one. Interconnected with electromagnetic energy radiator.

  In some embodiments, the first power level, the second power level, the third power level, the fourth power level, the fifth power level, and the sixth power level are substantially the same. is there. By “substantially the same”, Applicants mean within about plus or minus 10 percent. In some embodiments, the first power level, the second power level, the third power level, the fourth power level, the fifth power level, and the sixth power level are not substantially the same. Absent.

  In some embodiments, the first frequency, the second frequency, the third frequency, the fourth frequency, the fifth frequency, and the sixth frequency are substantially the same. In some embodiments, the first frequency, the second frequency, the third frequency, the fourth frequency, the fifth frequency, and the sixth frequency are not substantially the same. In some embodiments, using the configuration shown in FIG. 2A, the electromagnetic energy radiators 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, and 246 are 620 Hz, 630 Hz, 12,000 Hz, 42,800 Hz, 48,800 Hz, respectively. And emit electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 100,000Hz.

  Referring now to FIG. 2B, each electrode 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, and 236 includes a length 206 and a width 202. In some embodiments, the length 206 is between about 6 inches and about 8 inches. In general, the length 206 is about [(0.5) × (width 104)]. In some embodiments, the width 202 is between about 0.1 inches and about 0.3 inches. Electrodes 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, and 236 include a height that is less than or equal to distance 107 (FIG. 1C).

  Each electrode 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, and 236 is separated by a gap 204 from one or two adjacent electrodes. In some embodiments, the gap 204 is between about 0.2 inches and about 0.6 inches. In general, the gap 204 has a width of 202 or more and [2 × width 202] or less.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2B, gap 208a separates electromagnetic energy radiator 241 from electrode ends 221a, 222a, 223a, and 224a. The gap 208a separates the electromagnetic energy radiator 242 from the electrode ends 227a, 228a, 229a, and 230a. The gap 208a separates the electromagnetic energy radiator 243 from the electrode ends 233a, 234a, 235a, and 236a. The gap 208a is between about 0.25 inches and about 0.5 inches.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2B, gap 208b separates electromagnetic energy radiator 246 from electrode ends 221b, 222b, 223b, and 224b. The gap 208b separates the electromagnetic energy radiator 245 from the electrode ends 227b, 228b, 229b, and 230b. The gap 208b separates the electromagnetic energy radiator 244 from the electrode ends 233b, 234b, 235b, and 236b. The gap 208b is between about 0.25 inches and about 0.5 inches.

  In some embodiments, gap 208a and gap 208b are substantially the same. In other embodiments, the gap 208a and the gap 208b are not substantially the same.

  Referring now to FIG. 3, the electromagnetic energy emitter 241 includes a member 330 and a member 340 such that the center includes a V-shaped portion formed from members 330 and 340 such that member 330 and member 340 provide a dihedral angle Φ. The end 332 is attached to the end 342 of the member 340 and the angle Φ is between about 30 degrees and about 45 degrees.

  Member 310 is attached to end 334 of member 330 and extends outwardly therefrom. Member 320 is attached to end 344 of member 340 and extends outwardly therefrom. Member 310 includes a length 315 that is between about 1 inch and about 5 inches. Member 320 includes a length 325, which is between about 1 inch and about 5 inches.

  In some embodiments, the length 315 is about [(2 × width 202) + gap 204]. In some embodiments, the length 325 is about [(2 × width 202) + gap 204]. In some embodiments, length 315 and length 325 are substantially the same. In other embodiments, length 315 and length 325 are not substantially the same.

  The previously described V-shaped portion, including members 330 and 340, includes a length 360, which is between about 0.5 inches and about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the length 360 is about [0.5 × length 315].

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 241 includes a width 370. In some embodiments, the width 370 is between about 1 inch and about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the width 370 is about 0.5 times the length 315.

  The electromagnetic energy radiator 241 includes a total length 380 equal to [length 315 + length 325 + length 360]. In some embodiments, the total length 380 is equal to [(4 × width 202) + (3 × gap 204)].

  In some embodiments, the plurality of electrodes are separated from adjacent electrodes by a plurality of electrically isolated spacers. For example, referring now to FIG. 4, the electrodes 221 and 222 are separated by electrically isolated spacers 401 and 402. Electrodes 222 and 223 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 403 and 404. Electrodes 223 and 224 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 405 and 406. Electrodes 224 and 225 are separated by electrically isolated spacers 407 and 408. Electrodes 225 and 226 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 409 and 410. Electrodes 226 and 227 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 411 and 412. The electrodes 227 and 228 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 413 and 414. Electrodes 228 and 229 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 415 and 416. Electrodes 229 and 230 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 417 and 418. Electrodes 230 and 231 are separated by electrically isolated spacers 419 and 420. The electrodes 231 and 232 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 421 and 422. Electrodes 232 and 233 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 423 and 424. Electrodes 233 and 234 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 425 and 426. Electrodes 234 and 235 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 427 and 428. Electrodes 235 and 236 are separated by electrically insulated spacers 429 and 430.

  In some embodiments, spacers 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421 , 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, and 430 each comprise an electrically isolated material. In some embodiments, spacers 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421 , 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, and 430 each include a dielectric strength of at least 500 volts per mil. In some embodiments, spacers 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421 , 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, and 430 are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyimide, and combinations thereof.

  Referring now to FIG. 5, electrode 221 is interconnected with first power source 210 by power conduit 212 such that electrode 221 forms the cathode. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5, power conduit 510 is connected to electrodes 221, 223, 225, 227, so that electrodes 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, and 235 each form a cathode. 229, 231, 233, and 235 are interconnected.

  The electrode 236 is interconnected with the first power source 210 by the power conduit 214 so that the electrode 236 forms the anode. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5, power conduit 520 is connected to electrodes 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, and 236, respectively, as anodes. 230, 232, 234, and 236 are interconnected.

  Applicant's invention further provides a wheeled vehicle that is driven in whole or in part by an internal combustion engine that operates using a mixture of combustible gases produced by Applicant's electrolyzer 100. Including. Referring now to FIG. 6A, the vehicle 600 includes an electrolyzer 100 combined with an internal combustion engine 620. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6A, vehicle 600 includes a passenger car with four wheels. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes a van. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes a truck. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes a bus. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes a motorcycle. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes less than four wheels. In other embodiments, vehicle 600 includes five or more wheels.

  Referring now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, Applicant's vehicle 600 includes Applicant's electrolyzer 100, internal combustion engine 620, and transmission 660. In some embodiments, the internal combustion engine 620 is only driven using a mixture of combustible gases produced by the electrolyzer 100. In other embodiments, internal combustion engine 620 includes a hybrid engine that is driven using a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 in combination with a mixture of hydrocarbon fuels, and the hydrocarbons. The fuel is selected from the group consisting of methane, propane, gasoline, diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the internal combustion engine 620 includes a gas turbine engine, a rotary engine, a 2-cycle engine, a 4-cycle engine, or a 6-cycle engine.

  Referring now to FIG. 10, in some embodiments, Applicant's vehicle includes a hybrid vehicle such as, but not limited to, hybrid vehicle 1000. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10, Applicant's vehicle 1000 includes Applicant's electrolyzer 100, internal combustion engine 620, first transmission 660A, electric motor 1010, and battery pack 1040. And second transmission 660B. In some embodiments, hybrid vehicle 1000 includes Applicant's hybrid internal combustion engine described herein.

  In some embodiments, Applicant's vehicle 1000 is started using an electric motor 1010. As the amount of combustible gas produced by electrolyzer 100 increases, Applicant's vehicle 1000 combines a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 with electric motor 1010 and uses both. Driven.

  As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, Applicant's vehicle 600 and / or vehicle 1000 may include one or more additional elements and systems not shown in FIGS. 6A and 10, respectively. Such additional systems include, but are not limited to, anti-lock braking systems, pollution control systems, entertainment systems, navigation systems, and the like.

  Referring now to FIG. 6B, in some embodiments, Applicant's internal combustion engine 620 includes a plurality of combustion cylinders 630, each of which is movably disposed within a piston. 632, one or more fuel intake valves 636, and one or more exhaust valves 638. In a multi-cylinder engine, the cylinders are usually arranged in one of three ways: series, “V”, or flat (also known as horizontally opposed or boxer).

  As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, fuel is injected into each of the cylinders 630 via one or more fuel intake valves 636, and the fuel is ignited in the cylinders, thereby moving the piston assembly 632 up and down. In each direction, each piston assembly is operably coupled to a crankshaft 650. Combustion products or “exhaust” resulting from fuel ignition are removed from each cylinder via one or more exhaust valves 638.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6B, connecting rod 633 interconnects piston 632 with crankshaft 650. The connecting rod 633 can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston 632 moves and the crankshaft 650 rotates. The crankshaft 650 converts the vertical motion of the piston 632 into a rotational motion. The connecting portion 680 operatively interconnects the crankshaft 650 and the transmission 660, and transmits rotational energy from the crankshaft 650 to the transmission 660.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6B, the output port 150 of the electrolyzer 100 is in communication with the fuel input assembly 605 via the fuel conduit 610. In some embodiments, fuel conduit 610 is formed from one or more metals, one or more elastomers, one or more hard resins, and combinations thereof. The engine 620 includes a conventional fuel distribution system that includes a fuel intake manifold that is disposed in each of the one or more cylinders 630 from the fuel input assembly 605 in the one or more cylinders. A combustible gas mixture is supplied through one or more fuel intake valves 636.

  In some embodiments, each of the plurality of cylinders 630 further includes one or more spark plugs 634, wherein the one or more spark plugs 634 are in a mixture of combustible gases disposed in the cylinder. Provides a timed discharge that ignites, and the mixture of flammable gases includes hydrogen at levels above ambient air levels, oxygen at levels above ambient air levels, and optionally one or more at levels above ambient air levels Selected from the group consisting of As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, oxygen is present at about 20.95 volume percent in the ambient atmosphere, hydrogen is present at about 0.00005 volume percent in the ambient atmosphere, and methane is present at about 0.00017 volume percent in the ambient atmosphere. By “at a level above ambient atmospheric level”, Applicants mean for oxygen at least 1.5 times the level of oxygen above ambient atmospheric level. By “at a level above ambient air level”, Applicants have at least 10,000 times the hydrogen level in the ambient atmosphere described above for hydrogen and in the ambient atmosphere described above for methane. Means a level of at least 10,000 times the methane level.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6B, one or more spark plugs 634 are interconnected with the vehicle electrical system 640. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 640 includes a generator operably coupled to the crankshaft 650 that generates DC power that includes a first voltage. In some embodiments, the first voltage is selected from the group consisting of about 12 volts, about 24 volts, about 36 volts, and about 48 volts. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 640 includes an alternator that is operably coupled to the crankshaft 650, the alternator generating DC power that includes a first voltage. In some embodiments, the first voltage is selected from the group consisting of about 12 volts, about 24 volts, about 36 volts, and about 48 volts. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 640 includes one or more batteries that can store electrical energy including a first voltage. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 640 further includes one or more voltage regulators.

  In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6B, engine 620 further includes a vehicle electrical system 670. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 670 includes a generator operably coupled to the crankshaft 650 that generates DC power that includes a second voltage and the second voltage. Is different from the first voltage. In some embodiments, the second voltage is selected from the group consisting of about 12 volts, about 24 volts, about 36 volts, and about 48 volts. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 670 includes an alternator operably coupled to the crankshaft 650, the alternator generating DC power that includes a second voltage, and the second voltage is the second voltage. Different from 1 voltage. In some embodiments, the second voltage is selected from the group consisting of about 12 volts, about 24 volts, about 36 volts, and about 48 volts. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 670 includes one or more batteries that can store electrical energy including a first voltage. In some embodiments, the vehicle electrical system 670 further includes one or more voltage regulators.

  Referring now to FIG. 7A, Applicant's internal combustion engine uses a mixture of combustible gases containing oxygen and hydrogen at levels above ambient atmospheric levels, but does not use a mixture of hydrocarbon gases. The fuel input assembly 605 includes an assembly 700. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7, fuel input assembly 700 is disposed on a portion of internal combustion engine 620. The fuel input assembly 700 includes a housing 705, a combustible gas input conduit 710, a valve 720, and a combustible gas output conduit 730, the output conduit 730 being a fuel intake manifold 622 disposed within the engine 620. Communicate.

  In some embodiments, the housing 705 includes a member formed from one or more metals, and the member is formed to include conduits 710 and 730 disposed therein. In some embodiments, the fuel input assembly includes (N) flammable gas input conduits, (N) valves 720, and (N) flammable gas output conduits 730. The i) th valve 720 interconnects the (i) th combustible gas fuel input conduit and the (i) th combustible gas output conduit, where (i) is greater than or equal to 1 and less than (N). In some embodiments, (N) is 1. In some embodiments, (N) is 2. In some embodiments, (N) is 4. In some embodiments, (N) is greater than 4.

  7B and 7C, in some embodiments, each of the valves 720 includes a throttle valve. In some embodiments, the fuel input assembly 700 further includes a throttle position sensor 725 disposed on the throttle valve 720.

  FIG. 7B shows throttle valve 720 in the closed orientation, and a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 cannot be introduced into engine 620 via fuel input assembly 700. FIG. 7C shows throttle valve 720 in a fully open orientation, so that the maximum amount of combustible gas mixture produced by electrolyzer 100 can be introduced into engine 620 via fuel input assembly 700. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the throttle valve 720 can be adjusted to take any orientation intermediate between the orientation of FIG. 7B and the orientation of FIG. 7C, thereby allowing the engine 620 via the fuel input assembly 700. The amount of the combustible gas mixture produced by the electrolyzer 100 is adjusted.

  Referring now to FIG. 7D, in some embodiments, the fuel input assembly 700 further includes an acetylene gas generator 740, which supplies the acetylene gas to the intake manifold portion 622 of the internal combustion engine 620. To do. In an embodiment, when starting Applicant's internal combustion engine using a mixture of combustible gases comprising oxygen and hydrogen at levels above ambient atmospheric levels and not using a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, the electrical systems 640 and 670 are When activated, for the electrolyzer 100, the electrical system 670 forms a power source 210 and the electrical system 640 forms a power source 213. Immediately thereafter, the electrolyzer 100 begins to generate a flammable mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.

  At the same time, valve 790 is opened so that water 775 from reservoir 770 travels over conduit 780, valve 790, and conduit 785 and onto calcium carbide 750. Water reacts with calcium carbide to generate acetylene gas. Valve 760 is then opened so that acetylene gas can travel from acetylene gas generator 740 through conduit 715, through valve 760, through conduit 735 and into fuel intake manifold 622. In these embodiments, Applicant's internal combustion engine 620 is started by ignition of acetylene gas. As the amount of combustible gas produced by the electrolyzer 100 increases, the valve 790 closes until the engine only operates using a mixture of combustible gases produced in the electrolyzer 100. .

  In some embodiments, Applicant's internal combustion engine 620 includes a hybrid engine that is driven using a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 in combination with a mixture of hydrocarbon fuels. . In these embodiments, Applicant's hybrid engine is started using a mixture of hydrocarbon fuels. As the amount of combustible gas produced by electrolyzer 100 increases, Applicant's engine combines a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 with a mixture of hydrocarbon fuels, both Driven using.

  Referring now to FIG. 8, in these hybrid engine embodiments, fuel input assembly 605 includes a fuel input assembly 800. The fuel input assembly 800 includes a fuel mixing chamber 880 disposed over the engine 620 and in communication with a fuel intake manifold 622 disposed within the engine 620.

  Fuel input assembly 800 includes elements of fuel input assembly 700, and throttle position sensor 725 is disposed on throttle valve 720. In some embodiments, the throttle position sensor 725 is mounted on a rotatable member that is attached to the throttle valve 720, which is within the combustible gas conduit 710 and the position of the throttle valve 720. Set.

  Fuel input assembly 800 further includes a hydrocarbon fuel input 810, an air purifier 830, a choke 870, a throttle valve 820, and a throttle position sensor 825. In these embodiments, a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fuel components 860 is stored in fuel tank 801. The fuel pump 803 supplies hydrocarbon fuel to the hydrocarbon fuel input unit 810 via the fuel lines 802a and 802b.

  A hydrocarbon fuel 860 is disposed in the float chamber 865. Float valve 852 is combined with float arm 854 and float 856 to regulate the amount of hydrocarbon fuel 860 in float chamber 865. The vacuum generated by engine 620 draws ambient atmosphere through air purifier 830 and into air conduit 805. As the ambient atmosphere is drawn through the venturi cross section 840 of the air conduit 805, hydrocarbon fuel 860 is injected into the air stream through the injection port 858.

  Throttle valve 820 adjusts the amount of aerosolized hydrocarbon fuel that travels into fuel mixing chamber 880. The throttle position sensor 825 is disposed on the throttle valve 820. In some embodiments, throttle position sensor 825 is mounted on a rotatable member attached to throttle valve 820 that sets the position of throttle valve 820 within conduit 805.

  In some embodiments, throttle valve 720 and throttle valve 820 are operably coupled such that both throttle valves open and close simultaneously. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, Applicant's vehicle 600/1000 includes an accelerator. In some embodiments, the accelerator includes an accelerator pedal that is manually operated by a vehicle driver. When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the throttle valve 720 opens and more flammable gas generated by the electrolyzer 100 can enter the fuel intake manifold located in the engine 620 and the throttle Valve 820 opens to allow more hydrocarbon fuel to enter the fuel intake manifold, which is located in engine 620.

  An embodiment of Applicant's internal combustion engine 620 that is driven only by a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 uses the control system illustrated in FIG. 9A. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9A, vehicle electrical system 670 generates 36 volt DC power, vehicle electrical system 670 includes power source 210, and vehicle electrical system 670 is electrolyzed via power conduits 212 and 214. Interconnected with device 100. The vehicle electrical system 670 is interconnected with the field control regulator 910 by a communication link 913. Field control regulator 910 receives power from vehicle electrical system 640 via power conduits 915 and 917. The oscillator element of Applicant's electrolyzer 100 receives power from electrical system 640 via power conduits 215 and 217.

  The electronic control module 920 needs to determine the position of the throttle position sensor 725, among other things. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the electronic control module 920 includes a computing device that regulates the amount of fuel released into the intake manifold of the engine 620.

  Throttle position sensor 725 communicates with electronic control module 920 via field control regulator 910 using communication links 931a / 931b, 933a / 933b, and 935a / 935b. A throttle position sensor 725 is mounted on or operably coupled to the throttle valve 720 and converts the angle of the throttle valve 720 into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, throttle position sensor 725 includes a wiper arm that is connected to a rotatable member that rotates throttle valve 720. As the rotatable member moves, the wiper arm also moves. The wiper arm is connected to a resistor. As the wiper arm moves over the resistor, the signal voltage output changes. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9A, 5 volts is supplied to throttle position sensor 725 via links 931a / 931b. The voltage signal of the throttle position sensor 725 is output on the links 933a / 933b. The links 935a / 935b form a ground line.

  An example of Applicant's internal combustion engine 620, including a fuel hybrid engine driven by both a mixture of combustible gases produced by electrolyzer 100 and the use of hydrocarbon fuel, is illustrated in FIG. 9B. Use a control system. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9B, the vehicle electrical system 670 generates 36 volt DC power, the vehicle electrical system 670 includes a power source 210, and the vehicle electrical system 670 is electrically connected via power conduits 212 and 214. Interconnected with disassembly device 100.

  The vehicle electrical system 670 is interconnected with the field control regulator 910 by a communication link 913. Field control regulator 910 receives power from vehicle electrical system 640 via power conduits 915 and 917. Applicant's electrolyzer oscillator element receives power from electrical system 640 via power conduits 215 and 217.

  The electronic control module 920 needs to determine the positions of the throttle valve 720 and the throttle valve 820, among others. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the electronic control module 920 includes a computing device that regulates the amount of fuel released into the intake manifold of the engine 620.

  The throttle position sensor 725 communicates with the electronic control module 920 via the field control regulator 910 as described above. Throttle position sensor 825 communicates with electronic control module 920 via field control regulator 910 using communication links 941a / 941b, 943a / 943b, and 945a / 945b. The throttle position sensor 825 is mounted on the throttle valve 820 or is operably coupled to the throttle valve 820 to convert the angle of the throttle valve 820 into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the throttle valve sensor 825 includes a wiper arm that is connected to a rotatable member that rotates the throttle valve 820. As the rotatable member rotates, the wiper arm also moves. The wiper arm is connected to a resistor. As the wiper arm moves over the resistor, the signal voltage output changes. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9B, 5 volts is supplied to throttle position sensor 825 via links 941a / 941b. The voltage signal of the throttle position sensor 825 is output on the link 943a / 943b. Links 945a / 945b form a ground line.

  While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. It will be obvious.

100 electrolyzer
102 length
104 width
106 height
107 distance
108 height
110 housing
112, 114, 116, 118 top edge, distal end
120 electrodes
130 water input port
140 Upper assembly
142, 144, 146, 148 Bottom edge
150 Gas outlet
160 Sealing gasket
170 Bottom
172, 174, 176, 178 walls
180 float valve assembly
202 width
204 Clearance
206 length
208a, 208b Clearance
210 First power source
212 Power conduit
213 Second power source
214, 215, 217 Power conduit
221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236 electrodes
221a, 222a, 223a, 224a, 227a, 228a, 229a, 230a, 221b, 222b, 223b, 224b, 227b, 228b, 229b, 230b, 233a, 234a, 235a, 236a, 233b, 234b, 235b, 236b
241、242、243、244、245、246 Electromagnetic energy radiator
251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 oscillator
310 parts
315 length
320 members
325 length
330 parts
332, 334 end
340 members
342, 344 end
360 length
370 width
380 Length
401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430 Electrically isolated spacer
510, 520 power conduit
600 vehicles
605 Fuel input assembly
610 Fuel conduit
620 Internal combustion engine
622 Fuel intake manifold
630 Combustion cylinder
632 piston, piston assembly
633 Connecting rod
634 Spark plug
636 Fuel intake valve
638 Exhaust valve
640 Vehicle electrical system
650 crankshaft
660 transmission
660a first transmission
660b second transmission
670 Vehicle electrical system
680 connecting part
700 Fueling assembly
705 housing
710 Flammable gas input conduit
715 conduit
720 throttle valve
725 throttle position sensor
730 Combustible gas output conduit
735 conduit
740 Acetylene gas generator
750 calcium carbide
760 valves
770 water tank
775 water
780, 785 conduit
790 valve
800 Fueling assembly
801 Fuel tank
802a, 802b fuel line
803 Fuel pump
805 Air conduit
810 Hydrocarbon fuel input part
820 Throttle valve
825 throttle position sensor
830 Air Purifier
840 Venturi cross section
852 Float valve
854 Float arm
856 float
858 injection port
860 Hydrocarbon fuel
865 Float room
870 chalk
880 Fuel mixing chamber
910 Field control regulator
913 Communication link
915, 917 Power conduit
920 Electronic control module
931a, 931b, 933a, 933b, 935a, 935b, 941a, 941b, 943a, 943b, 945a, 945b Communication link
1000 hybrid vehicle
1010 Electric motor
1040 battery pack

Claims (42)

An enclosed space including a bottom, a plurality of walls having a distal end attached to the bottom and extending upward therefrom, and a top assembly removably attached to each of the distal ends of the plurality of walls An enclosed space that forms a space surrounded by the bottom, the plurality of walls, and the upper portion;
A first electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
A second electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
At least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed within the enclosed space;
A power source disposed outside the enclosed space, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode forms an anode. A power source interconnected with the second electrode;
An electrolysis apparatus comprising: an oscillator disposed outside the enclosed space, the oscillator being interconnected with the electromagnetic energy radiator.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first electrode comprises nickel (II) hydroxide.   4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first electrode further comprises nickel (III) oxyhydroxide.   The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second electrode comprises nickel (II) hydroxide.   The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second electrode further comprises nickel (III) oxyhydroxide. The first electrode includes a planar member containing nickel (II) hydroxide and nickel (III) oxyhydroxide,
The first electrode comprises a thickness of about 0.125 inches;
The second electrode comprises a planar member comprising nickel (II) hydroxide and nickel (III) oxyhydroxide,
The first electrode comprises a thickness of about 0.125 inches;
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is separated from the second electrode by a gap of about 0.1875 inches. A water input port extending through the enclosed space;
A float valve disposed in the enclosed space,
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the float valve assembly is in fluid communication with the water input port.   The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a gas outlet port extending through the upper assembly. The water input port is connected to a water source, and the apparatus further comprises water disposed in the enclosed space;
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the float valve maintains a water level sufficient to completely cover the first electrode and the second electrode. (N) is not less than 3, (N) first electrodes;
And (N) second electrodes,
(i) the first first electrode is disposed between the two second electrodes, (i) is 2 or more and (N-1) or less,
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the (j) th second electrode is disposed between the two first electrodes, and (j) is 2 or more and (N-1) or less. (M) electromagnetic energy radiators with (M) of 2 or more;
And (M) oscillators,
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the (m) th electromagnetic energy radiator is interconnected with the (m) th oscillator, and (m) is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to (M).   14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein (M) is 6. A first oscillator supplies a first energy comprising a frequency of 620 Hz to a first electromagnetic energy radiator;
A second oscillator supplies second energy including a frequency of 630 Hz to the first electromagnetic energy radiator;
A third oscillator supplies third energy comprising a frequency of 12,000 Hz to a third electromagnetic energy radiator;
A fourth oscillator supplies a fourth energy comprising a frequency of 42,800 Hz to a fourth electromagnetic energy radiator;
A fifth oscillator supplies fifth energy including a frequency of 48,000 Hz to a fifth electromagnetic energy radiator;
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the sixth oscillator provides a second sixth to the sixth electromagnetic energy radiator that includes a frequency of 100,000 Hz. The first energy includes a first power level, and the first power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts;
The second energy includes a second power level, and the second power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts;
The third energy includes a third power level, and the third power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts;
The fourth energy includes a fourth power level, and the fourth power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts;
The first energy includes a fifth power level, and the fifth power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts;
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the sixth energy includes a sixth power level, and the sixth power level is between 1 watt and 1000 watts.   The first power level, the second power level, the third power level, the fourth power level, the fifth power level, and the sixth power level are about 600 watts. Item 16. The device according to Item 16. (a) a plurality of walls having a bottom, a far end attached to the bottom and extending upward therefrom, and an upper assembly removably attached to each of the far ends of the plurality of walls; A surrounding space, the surrounding space forming a space surrounded by the bottom, the plurality of walls, and the upper portion;
A first electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
A second electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
At least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed within the enclosed space;
An oscillator disposed outside the enclosed space, the oscillator interconnected with the electromagnetic energy radiator;
An electrolyzer comprising a gas outlet communicating with the enclosed space and extending outwardly from the enclosed space;
(b) one or more combustion chambers;
1 or a plurality of pistons, wherein each of the one or more pistons is movably disposed in a separate combustion chamber of the one or more combustion chambers;
A crankshaft operably coupled to each of the one or more pistons;
A fuel intake manifold interconnected with each of the plurality of combustion cylinders;
A fuel input assembly interconnected with the fuel intake manifold;
A conduit interconnecting the gas outlet and the fuel input assembly;
A first power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first power system is interconnected with the oscillator;
A second power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode has an anode And an internal combustion engine including a second power system interconnected with the second electrode to form an engine system.   19. The engine system of claim 18, wherein the first electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   19. The engine system according to claim 18, wherein the first electrode includes nickel (III) oxyhydroxide.   21. The engine system of claim 20, wherein the second electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   22. The engine system according to claim 21, wherein the second electrode further includes nickel (III) oxyhydroxide. A water input port interconnected with a water source and extending through the enclosed space;
19. The engine system according to claim 18, further comprising a float valve disposed in the enclosed space, wherein the float valve assembly is in fluid communication with the water input port. The electrolyzer is
(M) electromagnetic energy radiators with (M) of 2 or more;
(M) oscillators,
19. The engine system according to claim 18, wherein the (m) th electromagnetic energy radiator is interconnected with the (m) th oscillator, and (m) is 1 or more and (M) or less.   25. The engine system according to claim 24, wherein (M) is 6. (a) a plurality of walls having a bottom, a far end attached to the bottom and extending upward therefrom, and an upper assembly removably attached to each of the far ends of the plurality of walls; A surrounding space, the surrounding space forming a space surrounded by the bottom, the plurality of walls, and the upper portion;
A first electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
A second electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
At least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed within the enclosed space;
A power source disposed outside the enclosed space, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode forms an anode. A power source interconnected with the second electrode;
An oscillator disposed outside the enclosed space, the oscillator interconnected with the electromagnetic energy radiator;
An electrolyzer comprising a gas outlet communicating with the enclosed space and extending outwardly from the enclosed space;
(b) one or more combustion chambers;
1 or a plurality of pistons, wherein each of the one or more pistons is movably disposed in a separate combustion chamber of the one or more combustion chambers;
A crankshaft operably coupled to each of the one or more pistons;
A fuel intake manifold interconnected with each of the plurality of combustion cylinders;
A fuel input assembly interconnected with the fuel intake manifold;
A first fuel conduit interconnecting the gas outlet and the fuel input assembly;
A first power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first power system is interconnected with the oscillator;
A second power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode has an anode An internal combustion engine comprising: a second power system interconnected with the second electrode to form
(c) a plurality of wheels;
(d) A vehicle including a transmission that is operatively coupled to one or more of the crankshaft and the plurality of wheels.   27. The vehicle of claim 26, wherein the first electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   28. The vehicle according to claim 27, wherein the first electrode includes nickel (III) oxyhydroxide.   27. The vehicle of claim 26, wherein the second electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   30. The vehicle according to claim 29, wherein the second electrode further includes nickel (III) oxyhydroxide. A water input port interconnected with a water source and extending through the enclosed space;
27. The vehicle of claim 26, further comprising a float valve disposed within the enclosed space, wherein the float valve assembly further includes a float valve in fluid communication with the water input port. The electrolyzer is
(M) electromagnetic energy radiators with (M) of 2 or more;
(M) oscillators,
27. The vehicle of claim 26, wherein the (m) th electromagnetic energy radiator is interconnected with the (m) th oscillator, and (m) is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (M).   The vehicle according to claim 32, wherein (M) is 6. A fuel tank,
A liquid hydrocarbon compound mixture disposed in the fuel tank,
The fuel input assembly includes an air conduit;
A hydrocarbon fuel injection port extending into the air conduit;
A float chamber interconnected with the fuel injection port;
27. The vehicle of claim 26, further comprising a fuel tank and a second fuel conduit interconnecting the float chamber.   35. The vehicle of claim 34, further comprising a fuel pump, wherein the fuel pump is interconnected with the second conduit. (a) a plurality of walls having a bottom, a far end attached to the bottom and extending upward therefrom, and an upper assembly removably attached to each of the far ends of the plurality of walls; A surrounding space, the surrounding space forming a space surrounded by the bottom, the plurality of walls, and the upper portion;
A first electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
A second electrode disposed in the enclosed space;
At least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed within the enclosed space;
A power source disposed outside the enclosed space, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode forms an anode. A power source interconnected with the second electrode;
An oscillator disposed outside the enclosed space, the oscillator interconnected with the electromagnetic energy radiator;
An electrolyzer comprising a gas outlet communicating with the enclosed space and extending outwardly from the enclosed space;
(b) one or more combustion chambers;
1 or a plurality of pistons, wherein each of the one or more pistons is movably disposed in a separate combustion chamber of the one or more combustion chambers;
A crankshaft operably coupled to each of the one or more pistons;
A fuel intake manifold interconnected with each of the plurality of combustion cylinders;
A fuel input assembly interconnected with the fuel intake manifold;
A first conduit interconnecting the gas outlet and the fuel input assembly;
A first power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first power system is interconnected with the oscillator;
A second power system operably coupled to the crankshaft, wherein the first electrode is interconnected with the first electrode to form a cathode, and the second electrode has an anode An internal combustion engine comprising: a second power system interconnected with the second electrode to form
(c) a plurality of wheels;
(d) a first transmission operatively coupled to one or more of the crankshaft and the plurality of wheels;
(e) an electric motor;
(f) a battery pack interconnected with the first electrical system;
(g) A vehicle including the electric motor and a second transmission operatively coupled to one or more of the plurality of wheels.   40. The vehicle of claim 36, wherein the first electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.   38. The vehicle of claim 37, wherein the second electrode is formed from a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof. A water input port interconnected with a water source and extending through the enclosed space;
37. The vehicle of claim 36, further comprising a float valve disposed within the enclosed space, wherein the float valve assembly further includes a float valve in fluid communication with the water input port. The electrolyzer is
(M) electromagnetic energy radiators with (M) of 2 or more;
(M) oscillators,
37. The vehicle according to claim 36, wherein the (m) th electromagnetic energy radiator is interconnected with the (m) th oscillator, and (m) is not less than 1 and not more than (M). A fuel tank,
A liquid hydrocarbon compound mixture disposed in the fuel tank,
The fuel input assembly includes an air conduit;
A hydrocarbon fuel injection port extending into the air conduit;
A float chamber interconnected with the fuel injection port;
38. The vehicle of claim 36, further comprising a fuel tank and a second fuel conduit interconnecting the float chamber.   42. The vehicle of claim 41, further comprising a fuel pump, wherein the fuel pump is interconnected with the second conduit.

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