JP2010260960A - Method and system for producing biodiesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a cost and an environmental load in accordance with production of a biodiesel fuel in a method for producing the biodiesel fuel by ester exchange reaction of a fat with a lower alcohol in the presence of a solid catalyst. <P>SOLUTION: Coal ash, such as BM ash, generated in a fluidized bed combustion compound type power generation facility of a pressurized fluid bed combustion compound power generation type or the like, is used as the solid catalyst, the biodiesel fuel is produced using waste heat of vapor used in the power generation facility, and a by-product, such as glycerine, generated with the production is further used as the fuel in the power generation facility. As the lower alcohol, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanolol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, or hexanol is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and system for producing biodiesel fuel, and relates to a technique for producing biodiesel fuel using a solid catalyst method.

  The so-called biodiesel fuel (BDF) is a fuel mainly composed of a fatty acid alkyl ester such as a fatty acid methyl ester, which is generally obtained by methyl esterification of vegetable oil or animal fat. BDF contains less sulfur and aromatics than petroleum fuels. Further, since BDF is biomass, it attracts attention as a fuel with a small environmental load in that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not increase even when burned and carbon neutral can be achieved.

  As a method for producing BDF, a method is known in which fats and oils and lower alcohols are transesterified in the presence of a reaction catalyst. There is a method using an insoluble solid catalyst (hereinafter simply referred to as a solid catalyst) as the reaction catalyst.

  For example, Patent Document 1 combines a solid acid such as an acidic ion exchange resin having a sulfonated surface with a solid base catalyst selected from the group consisting of quicklime, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, and slaked lime, A catalytic reaction system under a temperature condition of 50 to 80 ° C. is described.

  Patent Document 2 describes a method for producing a fatty acid ester in the presence of a solid catalyst containing at least one of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide under a temperature range of 90 ° C to 240 ° C.

  Patent Document 3 describes a production method in which quick lime (calcium oxide) or mashed lime (a mixture of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide) is used as a catalyst, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60 ° C. or lower and at atmospheric pressure.

  In Patent Document 4, a fatty acid ester is produced in the presence of a calcium-based solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, and glycerin produced as a by-product is mixed with the calcium-based solid catalyst (heavy liquid part). Describes a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester that can be used as a fuel such as an alternative fuel for heavy oil without particularly performing complicated steps such as neutralization.

JP 2008-1856 A JP 2001-271090 A JP 2004-35873 A JP 2008-143983 A

By the way, in the production of BDF using the solid catalyst method, it is necessary to separately procure and purify the solid catalyst raw material. The transesterification reaction in the production of BDF requires supply of heat, and the heat source cost is high. Treatment of by-products such as glycerin produced during the transesterification reaction also becomes a problem. If these multiple problems can be solved at the same time, a significant cost reduction in BDF production can be achieved.
Then, this invention aims at providing the manufacturing method and system of biodiesel fuel which can solve this problem.

To achieve the above object, one of the present inventions is:
A method for producing biodiesel fuel, comprising:
Coal ash generated in a fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility is used as a solid catalyst as it is, and the fat and oil and lower alcohol are transesterified by the waste heat of steam used in the power generation facility,
A by-product generated in the transesterification reaction is consumed as a power generation fuel of the power generation facility.

  According to this method, since the coal ash generated in the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility is used as it is as a solid catalyst, it is not necessary to separately procure and purify the solid catalyst raw material. For this reason, material cost and refining cost can be reduced, and an environmental load can be reduced. Moreover, since the waste heat of steam used in the power generation facility is used, it is possible to eliminate or reduce the separate supply of heat necessary for the transesterification reaction, thereby reducing the heat source cost and the environmental load. be able to. Further, since the by-product generated in the transesterification reaction is consumed as the power generation fuel of the power generation facility, it is not necessary to treat the by-product, and the fuel cost of the power generation facility can be reduced.

  As one aspect of the production method, there is a method for producing the biodiesel fuel in which the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility is a pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined power generation system.

  The pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined power generation system is also called PFBC (Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion). The PFBC has a fluidized bed boiler that is charged with calcium carbonate and performs desulfurization in the furnace. PFBC is one of the fluidized bed combustion combined-type power generation system. The steam turbine is driven by the steam produced by combustion in a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, and the combustion gas is directly introduced into the gas turbine. It refers to a combined power generation system that generates power by driving a turbine. This PFBC power generation facility generates coal ash because coal and limestone are mixed and burned, generates waste heat from steam generated from a fluidized bed boiler, and requires fuel for power generation as long as it is thermal power generation.

  As one mode of the production method, there is a method for producing the biodiesel fuel in which the coal ash is BM ash.

  BM ash is coal ash that is generated in a PFBC power generation facility and is taken out from the vicinity of the boiler. The content of calcium oxide as a main component is larger than that of general coal ash. The same applies to FA ash collected from a boiler combustion gas by a dust collector. Calcium oxide can be a solid catalyst in the solid catalyst method.

  As one aspect of the production method, there is a method for producing the biodiesel fuel in which the lower alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol.

  As one mode of the production method, there is a production method of the biodiesel fuel in which the by-product is glycerin.

  In addition, the problems disclosed by the present application and the solutions thereof will be clarified by the column of the best mode for carrying out the invention and the drawings.

  According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce various costs that were necessary in the prior art and further reduce the environmental load.

It is a figure which shows the reaction pathway and material cycle which concern on BDF manufacture in implementation of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1, which is a diagram showing a reaction path and a substance cycle related to BDF production.

  In this embodiment, the coal ash 1 circulates between the BDF production system 2 and the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3, and the waste heat 4 from the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 is used in the BDF production system 2. , The by-product 5 generated in the BDF production system 2 is used in the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 in a mutually complementary usage form between the BDF production system 2 and the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 ( (Recycling of resources) is a feature. Next, details of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, the lower alcohol 6 and the coal ash 1 obtained from the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 are reacted in the first reaction vessel 7. In this way, by using the coal ash 1 as it is from the power generation facility, it is possible to eliminate the need for the procurement and purification of the solid catalyst from other than the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3, and as a result, the material cost and the purification cost. Reduction of environmental load.

  Subsequently, the contents in the first reaction vessel 7 and the fats and oils 8 are transesterified in the second reaction vessel 9, and the heat required for the transesterification reaction is generated in the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3. Use the waste heat of steam used in steam boilers. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate or reduce the separate supply of heat necessary for the transesterification reaction. As a result, it is possible to reduce the heat source cost and the environmental load.

  As a result of the transesterification reaction in the second reaction vessel 9, crude BDF is obtained as the main product, so that it is purified to obtain BDF10. Further, the crude BDF is obtained and a by-product 5 is generated, and the coal ash 1 remains.

  The by-product 5 includes glycerin and impurities, and is sent to the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 and consumed as fuel. This eliminates the need for processing by-products, and consequently reduces the fuel cost of the power generation equipment.

  As described above, the coal ash 1 is sent to the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 and reused for use in the reaction with the lower alcohol 6.

Next, an experimental example of BDF production will be described with reference to FIG.
In this experiment, 110 g of methanol was used as the lower alcohol 6, and 20 g of BM ash collected from the PFBC power generation facility 3 was used as the solid catalyst.

  First, the methanol and the BM ash were reacted in the first reaction vessel 7 by stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 hours after completion of the reaction.

  Subsequently, 400 g of waste cooking oil as the fat 8 and the contents in the first reaction vessel 7 are secondly used in the second reaction vessel 9 by using waste heat 4 from the steam boiler in the PFBC power generation facility 3. While maintaining the liquid temperature in the reaction vessel 9 at 60 ° C., the mixture was stirred for 4 hours to react the mixed solution. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 days.

  After the standing, the supernatant 8 was extracted from the second reaction vessel 9 to obtain crude BDF, and the catalyst component was removed with water or the like to obtain 254 g of BDF10.

  Table 1 is a comparison between the content of fatty acid ester of BDF obtained by this experiment and the neat standard, and shows that the BDF obtained by this experiment achieved the neat standard value. The neat standard is a standard for 100% biodiesel fuel set by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

Table 2 shows a comparison between the BDF analysis value obtained by this experiment and the Kyoto City provisional standard. The BDF obtained by this experiment has a density, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., pour point, clogging point, cetane number. , Sulfur content, flash point, acid value, iodine value, monoglyceride, free glycerin, methanol, sodium, and potassium. Here, the Kyoto City Provisional Standard is a provisional standard (Kyoto Standard) for fuel quality established by Kyoto City.

  As a result of the above experiments, the amount of fatty acid methyl ester, which is the main component of the neat standard, can satisfy the standard and produce high-quality BDF, and also meet the Kyoto provisional standard in many other physical and chemical properties. I was able to prove that

  On the other hand, in the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility, the required fuel can be reduced, and the cost reduction and the environmental load reduction in the power generation facility can be realized. In total, resources are recycled and resources can be used as efficiently as possible.

  As mentioned above, although the suitable Example of this invention was described, these are the illustrations for description of this invention, Comprising: It is not the meaning which limits the scope of the present invention only to an Example. The present invention can be implemented in various other forms.

1 Coal ash 2 BDF production system 3 Fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 4 Waste heat of steam used in the steam boiler in the fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility 3 By-products such as glycerin 6 Lower alcohol 7 First reaction vessel 8 Oil 9 Second reaction vessel 10 BDF

Claims (6)

A method for producing biodiesel fuel, comprising:
Coal ash generated in a fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility is used as a solid catalyst as it is, and the fat and oil and lower alcohol are transesterified by the waste heat of steam used in the power generation facility,
A method for producing biodiesel fuel, characterized in that a by-product generated in the transesterification reaction is consumed as power generation fuel of the power generation facility. The method for producing biodiesel fuel according to claim 1, wherein the power generation facility is a pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined power generation system. The method for producing biodiesel fuel according to claim 1, wherein the coal ash is BM ash. The method for producing biodiesel fuel according to claim 1, wherein the lower alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol. The method for producing biodiesel fuel according to claim 1, wherein the by-product is glycerin. A system for producing biodiesel fuel,
Coal ash produced in a fluidized bed combustion combined power generation facility is used as it is as a solid catalyst, and means for transesterification of fats and lower alcohol with waste heat of steam used in the power generation facility;
And means for consuming by-products generated in the transesterification reaction as power generation fuel of the power generation facility.

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