JP2010239954A - Agricultural paper mulch sheet - Google Patents

Agricultural paper mulch sheet Download PDF

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JP2010239954A
JP2010239954A JP2009108427A JP2009108427A JP2010239954A JP 2010239954 A JP2010239954 A JP 2010239954A JP 2009108427 A JP2009108427 A JP 2009108427A JP 2009108427 A JP2009108427 A JP 2009108427A JP 2010239954 A JP2010239954 A JP 2010239954A
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sheet
paper
agricultural
shochu
agricultural paper
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Aya Nishiwaki
亜也 西脇
Eitaro Yamazaki
英太郎 山▲崎▼
Motoaki Kayashima
元明 萱嶋
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YAMASAKI SEISHI KK
University of Miyazaki NUC
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YAMASAKI SEISHI KK
University of Miyazaki NUC
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agricultural paper mulch sheet suppressing generation of weed for a period until seedlings of an objective field crop grow at least to some extent, and then immediately biodegrading so as to make farmers free from the need of labor of collection processing. <P>SOLUTION: This agricultural paper mulch sheet comprising cellulose pulp of short fiber and long fiber includes a coating layer comprising ingredients containing agar and/or Shochu lees on the paper surface. The ingredients containing Shochu lees preferably contain further a Shochu lees decay-preventing microorganism material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は農業に用いられる紙マルチシートに関し、さらに詳しくは農作物育成中の雑草の生育を抑制するための農業用紙マルチシートに関する。  The present invention relates to a paper multi-sheet used in agriculture, and more particularly to an agricultural paper multi-sheet for suppressing the growth of weeds during crop cultivation.

従来から農業分野においては、目的とする農作物を生育する際に、雑草の防除や土温上昇効果のためにポリエチレンフィルムや塩化ビニルフィルムなどの化学製品が使用されてきた。しかし、これらのフィルムマルチシ−トはほとんど生分解性が無いため、収穫後に使用済みのフィルムの回収、処分が必要となり、この回収作業が農業従事者の負担となっている。  Conventionally, in the agricultural field, chemical products such as polyethylene films and vinyl chloride films have been used for controlling weeds and increasing soil temperature when growing target crops. However, since these film multi-sheets are hardly biodegradable, it is necessary to collect and dispose of used films after harvesting, and this collection work is a burden on agricultural workers.

また、使用後のフィルムマルチシ−トを廃棄処分する段階で、環境に大きな負荷が掛かってしまう。例えば、塩化ビニルフィルムであれば、焼却時に有毒なダイオキシンが発生する可能性が指摘されている。  In addition, a large load is placed on the environment at the stage of disposing of the used film multi-sheet. For example, in the case of a vinyl chloride film, it has been pointed out that toxic dioxins may be generated during incineration.

一方、より環境への負荷が少ないマルチシ−トが提案されている。例えば、土中で腐敗、分解する紙製マルチシ−トに関する多くの提案がされている。紙製マルチシートは土中の微生物による分解が早く耐候性に乏しいので、雑草の防除等のために強度を保持する方法が考えられている。特許文献1および特許文献2にはセルロ−スパルプにフミン酸およびフミン酸塩を含有させて紫外線の吸収および耐水性を向上させ、さらにその表面に乾性油を含有させることにより耐生分解性を向上させる方法が提案されている。その結果、撥水性が向上するが、一方で、紙本来の吸水時の柔軟性が低くなってしまうので、農業用紙マルチシートと土表面との密着性が期待できなくなり、風圧によって捲れ上がり、そのうちに破れてしまう。また、各種の副資材費が必要となり、更にスラリ−原料の調整や排水処理費用等が必要となるので、結果としてマルチシ−トの製造コストが高くなってしまう。  On the other hand, a multi-sheet having a lower environmental load has been proposed. For example, many proposals have been made regarding paper multi-sheets that rot and decompose in soil. Since the paper multi-sheet is rapidly degraded by microorganisms in the soil and has poor weather resistance, a method of maintaining strength for controlling weeds and the like has been considered. Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 improve the biodegradability by adding humic acid and humic acid salt to cellulose pulp to improve ultraviolet absorption and water resistance, and further by containing a dry oil on the surface. There is a proposed method. As a result, the water repellency is improved, but on the other hand, the paper's original water-absorbing flexibility is lowered, so that the adhesion between the agricultural paper multi-sheet and the soil surface cannot be expected, and it is swollen by wind pressure, Torn. In addition, various sub-material costs are required, and further adjustment of slurry raw materials and waste water treatment costs are required, resulting in an increase in multi-sheet manufacturing costs.

一方、マルチシートに地温上昇効果を持たせるための方法も考えられている。特許文献3には紙の表面にラテックスとワックスからなる防湿層を設けて透湿度を小さくし、水分蒸発による地温低下を抑制する方法が提案されている。他にも前記の特許文献1および特許文献2では乾性油による防湿層の方法が提案されている。また特許文献4では紙の表面にポリビニルアルコ−ル系重合体と顔料よりなる防湿層を設けることが提案されている。しかし、防湿層により紙本来の吸水時の柔軟性が低くなってしまうので、農業用紙マルチシートと土表面との密着性が期待できなくなり、風圧によって捲れ上がり、そのうちに破れてしまう。また、最近では、作物の栽培場所および時期によっては、地球温暖化の影響で土中温度が高くなり過ぎ作物の生育に悪影響も出始めており、一概に地温上昇効果のあるマルチシートが望まれている訳ではない。  On the other hand, a method for giving the multi-sheet an effect of increasing the ground temperature is also considered. Patent Document 3 proposes a method in which a moisture-proof layer made of latex and wax is provided on the surface of paper to reduce moisture permeability and suppress a decrease in ground temperature due to moisture evaporation. In addition, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 propose a method for forming a moisture-proof layer using a dry oil. Patent Document 4 proposes providing a moisture-proof layer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol polymer and a pigment on the surface of paper. However, since the moisture-proof layer reduces the original flexibility of the paper when it absorbs water, the adhesiveness between the agricultural paper multi-sheet and the soil surface cannot be expected, and the paper rolls up due to wind pressure and breaks over time. In recent years, depending on the cultivation place and timing of the crop, the soil temperature has become too high due to the effects of global warming, and the growth of the crop has started to be adversely affected. I don't mean.

また、特許文献5では焼酎粕の繊維質を生分解性樹脂に混入した生分解性プラスチックフィルムも開発されている。しかし、このフィルムを製造する過程で焼酎粕由来の有機酸等機能性成分は除去され、単に繊維質だけを利用しているだけであり、しかも、実際に使用すると分解にかなりの時間が掛かり、分解の途中で千切れたフィルムが風で畑の周辺に散乱し景観が悪くなってしまうので、現場では評判が良くない。また、有機JAS規格には適合しないので、今後増えることが予想される有機農産物の栽培には利用し難い。  Further, in Patent Document 5, a biodegradable plastic film in which a fiber of shochu is mixed with a biodegradable resin has been developed. However, in the process of producing this film, functional components such as organic acid derived from shochu are removed, and only the fiber is used, and it takes a considerable time to decompose when actually used, In the middle of disassembling, a piece of film is scattered around the field by the wind and the scenery becomes worse, so it is not well received at the site. Moreover, since it does not conform to the organic JAS standard, it is difficult to use it for the cultivation of organic agricultural products that are expected to increase in the future.

また、特許文献6では焼酎粕に古紙等を混ぜて焼酎粕中の水分を吸収させた後、成型加工によりシート等を製造する方法が提案されている。この方法では焼酎粕中の機能性成分が残るものの、幅の広いロール巻きの農業用マルチシートを製造することは難しい。  Patent Document 6 proposes a method of manufacturing a sheet or the like by molding after mixing shochu with old paper to absorb moisture in the shochu. Although this method leaves the functional components in the shochu, it is difficult to produce a wide roll-rolled agricultural multi-sheet.

また、特許文献7では紙シート全面にエンボス加工による凹凸を設けて柔軟性を付与する方法が提案されているが、土との密着性が悪いために、風圧によって捲れ上がり、そのうちに破れてしまう。また、特許文献8では、機械パルプと化学パルプおよび浸透助剤を用いた農業用マルチシートが提案されているが、強度を維持するために坪量50g/平方メートル以上必要であり、バージンパルプを用いているのでコストがかなり高くなってしまう欠点がある。また、特許文献9では、坪量50g/平方メートル以上必要であり、全面に凹凸加工を施した紙を原紙とした農業用紙マルチシートが提案されているが、凹凸があるために土との密着性が悪く、風圧によって捲れ上がり、そのうちに破れてしまう。  Further, Patent Document 7 proposes a method of imparting flexibility by providing unevenness by embossing on the entire surface of a paper sheet, but because of poor adhesion to soil, it is swollen by wind pressure and eventually breaks. . Moreover, in patent document 8, although the agricultural multi-sheet using a mechanical pulp, a chemical pulp, and a penetration aid is proposed, in order to maintain intensity | strength, 50 g / m2 or more of basis weight is required, and virgin pulp is used. Therefore, there is a drawback that the cost becomes considerably high. Further, Patent Document 9 proposes an agricultural paper multi-sheet that requires a basis weight of 50 g / square meter or more and is made of paper having a rough surface on the entire surface, but has adhesiveness to soil due to the unevenness. It is bad, and it gets drowned by wind pressure and breaks in time.

特開2000−116249号公報JP 2000-116249 A 特開2000−116250号公報JP 2000-116250 A 特開平8−205693号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-205693 特開2003−116371号公報JP 2003-116371 A 特開2008−259463号公報JP 2008-259463 A 特許第2926080号公報Japanese Patent No. 2926080 実用新案第3024124号公報Utility Model No. 3024124 特許第3331594号公報Japanese Patent No. 3331594 特許第2879650号公報Japanese Patent No. 2879650 特開2007−29079号公報JP 2007-29079 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、目的とする農作物の苗が少なくともある程度大きく生育するまでの期間、雑草の発生を抑制し、その後は速やかに生分解することにより、農業従事者が回収処理する手間の必要がない農業用紙マルチシートを提供することにある。  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that a farmer collects and processes by suppressing the generation of weeds until the seedling of the target crop grows at least to some extent, and then biodegrades quickly. It is to provide agricultural paper multi-sheets that do not require labor.

本発明者らは、紙が水分を吸収して柔らかくなると、畑の土の表面に密着し、その後乾燥しても密着性が維持される現象をもとに鋭意研究した結果、紙の表面に寒天及び/又は焼酎粕を含む成分からなるコーティング層を有することを特徴とする農業用紙マルチシートの完成に至った。  As a result of intensive research based on the phenomenon that when paper absorbs moisture and becomes soft, it adheres to the surface of the soil in the field, and the adhesion is maintained even after drying. An agricultural paper multi-sheet having a coating layer composed of components containing agar and / or shochu has been completed.

すなわち、前記の課題を解決する農業用紙マルチシートは、農業用紙マルチシートにおいて、寒天及び/又は焼酎粕を含む成分からなるコーティング層を有することを特徴とする農業用紙マルチシートである。前記焼酎粕を含む成分においては、焼酎粕腐敗防止用微生物資材をさらに含むことが望ましい。That is, an agricultural paper multi-sheet that solves the above-described problems is an agricultural paper multi-sheet having a coating layer made of a component containing agar and / or shochu in the agricultural paper multi-sheet. It is desirable that the component containing the shochu further contains a microorganism material for preventing shochu rot.

本発明による農業用紙マルチシートを用いると、紙の吸水性により水分を吸った農業用紙マルチシートは短繊維のセルロ−スパルプの柔軟性により、凹凸のある畑の土壌表面に密着し、乾燥した後も密着しているので、風によって土壌表面から剥離し難い特徴がある。しかし、濡れると紙の繊維同志の水素結合が弱くなり、分解が早いので、その表面に寒天を含む成分をコ−ティングして補強する。また、焼酎粕を含む成分をコーティングした農業用紙マルチシートは、特に酸性土壌に強いサツマイモやとうもろこし栽培に好適な農業用紙マルチシ−トとして利用できる。  When the agricultural paper multi-sheet according to the present invention is used, the agricultural paper multi-sheet which has absorbed moisture due to the water absorption of the paper is adhered to the soil surface of the uneven field due to the flexibility of the short fiber cellulose pulp and dried. Are also in close contact with each other, and are not easily separated from the soil surface by wind. However, when wet, the hydrogen bonds between the paper fibers weaken and decompose quickly, so the surface is coated with a component containing agar to reinforce. Moreover, the agricultural paper multi-sheet which coat | covered the component containing shochu can be utilized as an agricultural paper multi-sheet suitable for especially sweet potato and corn cultivation strong against acidic soil.

また、本発明による農業用紙マルチシートは、セルロ−スパルプを主成分とするので生分解に優れており、苗がある程度大きく生育するまでの期間、雑草の発生を抑制した後は速やかに分解する。このため、従来のように、収穫後に使用済みのフィルムを回収処理する作業も必要なく、分解にかなりの時間が掛かり、分解の途中で千切れたシ−トが風で畑の周辺に散乱し景観を悪くすることもないので、環境保全にも大いに貢献するものである。  In addition, the agricultural paper multi-sheet according to the present invention is excellent in biodegradation because it has cellulose pulp as a main component, and decomposes quickly after suppressing the generation of weeds until the seedlings grow to a certain extent. For this reason, there is no need to collect the used film after harvesting as in the past, and it takes a considerable amount of time to disassemble, and the sheets that are broken during the disassembly are scattered around the field by the wind. Since it does not worsen the landscape, it contributes greatly to environmental conservation.

本発明の農業用紙マルチシートは短繊維と長繊維によるフィブリル構造のセルロ−スパルプを主原料としている。さらに詳しくは、短繊維の再生回収古紙と長繊維のクラフトパルプを混ぜて湿式抄紙機で抄紙して得られる紙シートを用いる。この紙シートは短繊維のセルロースパルプにより吸水すると柔らかくなり、また長繊維のセルロースパルプで補強されたシートの表面にクレ−プ加工等をすれば伸度を高くすることができる。  The agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention is mainly composed of cellulose pulp having a fibril structure composed of short fibers and long fibers. More specifically, a paper sheet obtained by mixing recycled fiber of short fibers and kraft pulp of long fibers and making paper with a wet paper machine is used. This paper sheet becomes soft when water is absorbed by the short fiber cellulose pulp, and the degree of elongation can be increased by creping the surface of the sheet reinforced with the long fiber cellulose pulp.

本発明の農業用紙マルチシートは、その表面に水に溶かした寒天を含む成分をコ−ティングして得られる。一般的に紙は濡れると繊維同志の水素結合力が弱くなり、分解が早いが、このコ−ティングをすることにより、農業用紙マルチシートの分解を遅くすることができ、物理的に雑草の生育を抑制することができる。本目的で使用されるコーティング成分は寒天に限定されず、水分によりゲル状となるものカラギーナン、グルコマンナン等の多糖類を用いることもできる。  The agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention is obtained by coating the surface thereof with a component containing agar dissolved in water. In general, when paper becomes wet, the hydrogen bonding strength between the fibers weakens and decomposes quickly, but this coating can slow down the decomposition of agricultural paper multi-sheets and physically grow weeds. Can be suppressed. The coating component used for this purpose is not limited to agar, and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and glucomannan that can be gelled by moisture can also be used.

(多糖類を含む成分からコーティング層を有する農業用紙マルチシートの製造方法)
短繊維の再生回収古紙と長繊維のクラフトパルプを混ぜて湿式抄紙機で抄紙して得られた紙シートの表面に、水に溶かした0.1〜10重量%の寒天をシート1平方メートル当たり0.5〜5キログラム塗布した後、素早く乾燥する。その後、マルチャーで畑に敷設する際に破れないように、最終的にクレープ加工により伸度を大きくし、本発明の農業用紙マルチシートを製造することができる。
(Agricultural paper multi-sheet manufacturing method having a coating layer from a polysaccharide-containing component)
0.1 to 10% by weight agar dissolved in water is added to the surface of a paper sheet obtained by mixing recycled recycled short fiber paper and kraft pulp of long fiber and using a wet paper machine. Apply 5-5 kilograms and dry quickly. Thereafter, the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by finally increasing the degree of elongation by creping so as not to be broken when laying in the field with the malcher.

また、本発明の農業用紙マルチシートは、その表面に焼酎粕を含む成分をコーティングして得られる。芋焼酎粕を用いる場合は、芋の長繊維によりコーティング斑が発生し易いので、予めその長繊維を切断するためにミキサー等を用いて湿式粉砕処理しておく。焼酎粕には有機酸が多く含まれているので、土壌が酸性になり、雑草の生育を抑制する効果もある。従って、この農業用紙マルチシートは酸性土壌に強い、焼酎の原料であるさつまいもやとうもろこし等の栽培に適している。  In addition, the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention is obtained by coating the surface with a component containing shochu. In the case of using a shochu shochu, coating spots are likely to occur due to the long fibers of the koji, so that the long fibers are previously wet-ground using a mixer or the like. Shochu contains a lot of organic acids, so the soil becomes acidic and has the effect of suppressing the growth of weeds. Therefore, this agricultural paper multi-sheet is suitable for cultivation of sweet potato and corn, which is a raw material of shochu, which is resistant to acidic soil.

(焼酎粕を含む成分からコーティング層を有する農業用紙マルチシートの製造方法)
短繊維の再生回収古紙と長繊維のクラフトパルプを混ぜて湿式抄紙機で抄紙して得られた紙シートの表面に、湿式粉砕処理した焼酎粕をシート1平方メートル当たり0.5〜5キログラム塗布した後、素早く乾燥する。その後、マルチャーで畑に敷設する際に破れないように、最終的にクレープ加工により伸度を大きくし、本発明の農業用紙マルチシートを製造することができる。
(Method for producing multi-sheet agricultural paper having a coating layer from components containing shochu)
0.5-5 kg per square meter of sheet was applied to the surface of a paper sheet obtained by mixing recycled paper from short fibers and kraft pulp of long fibers and then making paper with a wet paper machine. Then dry quickly. Thereafter, the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by finally increasing the degree of elongation by creping so as not to be broken when laying in the field with the malcher.

焼酎粕腐敗防止用微生物資材をさらに含む形態においては、焼酎粕と微生物資材とを混合してコーティングする。微生物資材の製造方法は、第一工程:バチルス菌、酵母および乳酸菌等から構成される土着微生物群を、米ぬかとその他の成分(昆布等の海産物、キャベツおよび豆等の農産物)と混合し10℃〜30℃の好気状態で2ヵ月間発酵、第二工程:発酵した微生物群、籾殻及び食品残渣(野菜屑および魚アラ等)を、重量比1:50〜200:10〜100で混合し10℃〜30℃の好気状態で1週間さらに発酵、及び第三工程:発酵後に水を混ぜて濾過、を経て得ることができる。この微生物資材を焼酎粕に対して1〜30重量%混合し、コーティング原料とすることができる。  In a form further including microbial material for preventing shochu rot, shochu and microbial material are mixed and coated. The method for producing microbial materials is the first step: mixing indigenous microorganisms composed of Bacillus, yeast and lactic acid bacteria with rice bran and other ingredients (marine products such as kelp, agricultural products such as cabbage and beans) at 10 ° C. Fermentation for 2 months in an aerobic state at -30 ° C, the second step: the fermented microorganism group, rice husk and food residue (vegetable waste, fish ara, etc.) are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 50-200: 10-100. It can be obtained through further fermentation for 1 week in an aerobic state at 10 ° C. to 30 ° C., and the third step: mixing water after the fermentation and filtering. This microbial material can be mixed with 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the shochu liquor to form a coating raw material.

本発明の農業用紙マルチシートは、寒天からなる成分と焼酎粕からなる成分を混合してコーティングすると、両成分による効果が発揮される。この形態による農業用紙マルチシートは、前記水に溶かした0.1〜10重量%の寒天と湿式粉砕処理した焼酎粕を混合し、シート1平方メートル当たり0.5〜5キログラム塗布した後、素早く乾燥する。その後、マルチャーで畑に敷設する際に破れないように、最終的にクレープ加工により伸度を大きくし、本発明の農業用紙マルチシートを製造することができる。この時、焼酎粕の腐敗を防止するため、微生物資材をさらに含むことが望ましい。  When the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention is coated by mixing a component made of agar and a component made of shochu, the effect of both components is exhibited. Agricultural paper multi-sheet according to this form is mixed with 0.1 to 10% by weight agar dissolved in water and wet pulverized shochu, applied 0.5-5 kg per square meter of sheet, and then dried quickly To do. Thereafter, the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by finally increasing the degree of elongation by creping so as not to be broken when laying in the field with the malcher. At this time, it is desirable to further include microbial materials in order to prevent the decay of shochu.

本発明の農業用紙マルチシートにコーティングする焼酎粕は栄養分が豊富なので、短時間で雑菌により腐敗し易い。一方、コーティング液の品質管理のためには焼酎粕の短時間での腐敗を防止する必要がある。そこで焼酎粕が雑菌により腐敗することを抑制する目的で、微生物資材を混合することが好適である。ここで用いる焼酎粕腐敗防止用微生物資材には、バチルス菌、酵母、乳酸菌、特許文献7及び10記載の液肥及び他の乳酸発酵液等を用いることができる。  The shochu to be coated on the agricultural paper multi-sheet of the present invention is rich in nutrients, and thus easily rot by various bacteria in a short time. On the other hand, in order to control the quality of the coating liquid, it is necessary to prevent decay of the shochu in a short time. Therefore, it is preferable to mix microbial materials for the purpose of suppressing shochu from being spoiled by various bacteria. Bacillus bacteria, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, liquid fertilizers described in Patent Documents 7 and 10, and other lactic acid fermented liquids can be used as the microorganism material for preventing shochu rot used here.

本発明の多糖類および焼酎粕をその表面にコーティングした農業用紙マルチシートは、吸湿することにより畑の土壌表面に密着して風で吹き飛ぶこともなく、物理的および化学的な効果により雑草の生育を抑制する一方、その役割が終了すると速やかに分解するので、農業用生分解性マルチシートとして有用である。  Agricultural paper multi-sheet coated with polysaccharides and shochu on the surface of the present invention absorbs moisture so that it adheres to the soil surface of the field and does not blow off with wind, and grows weeds by physical and chemical effects. On the other hand, it is rapidly decomposed when its role is completed, so it is useful as a biodegradable multi-sheet for agriculture.

Claims (2)

寒天及び/又は焼酎粕を含む成分からなるコーティング層を有することを特徴とする農業用紙マルチシート  Agricultural paper multi-sheet having a coating layer made of a component containing agar and / or shochu 前記焼酎粕を含む成分において、焼酎粕腐敗防止用微生物資材をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の農業用紙マルチシート  The agricultural paper multi-sheet according to claim 1, further comprising a microbial material for preventing shochu rot in the component containing the shochu.
JP2009108427A 2009-04-06 2009-04-06 Agricultural paper mulch sheet Pending JP2010239954A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103858717A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-06-18 宋志祥 Multifunctional biological degradation mulching film and preparation method thereof
EP3815515A4 (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-08-04 Smurfit Kappa Navarra, S.A. Mulching sheet for crops
JP7090203B1 (en) * 2021-03-18 2022-06-23 コエコ カンパニー リミテッド Agricultural land protection soil covering sheet with enhanced absorption capacity and its manufacturing method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103858717A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-06-18 宋志祥 Multifunctional biological degradation mulching film and preparation method thereof
EP3815515A4 (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-08-04 Smurfit Kappa Navarra, S.A. Mulching sheet for crops
JP7090203B1 (en) * 2021-03-18 2022-06-23 コエコ カンパニー リミテッド Agricultural land protection soil covering sheet with enhanced absorption capacity and its manufacturing method

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