JP2010227914A - Method and apparatus for methane fermentation treatment - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for methane fermentation treatment Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010227914A JP2010227914A JP2009081487A JP2009081487A JP2010227914A JP 2010227914 A JP2010227914 A JP 2010227914A JP 2009081487 A JP2009081487 A JP 2009081487A JP 2009081487 A JP2009081487 A JP 2009081487A JP 2010227914 A JP2010227914 A JP 2010227914A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 288
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002921 fermentation waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、長期にわたって、有機性廃棄物を安定してメタン発酵処理できるメタン発酵処理方法及びメタン発酵処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a methane fermentation treatment method and a methane fermentation treatment apparatus capable of stably treating methane fermentation of organic waste over a long period of time.
メタン発酵処理は、有機性廃棄物を嫌気性下でメタン菌により発酵処理することで、有機性廃棄物をメタンガスに転換するもので、有機性廃棄物をバイオガスと水とに分解して大幅に減量することができ、嫌気性のため曝気動力が不要であり、省エネルギーな処理法である。 Methane fermentation treatment converts organic waste into methane gas by fermenting organic waste under anaerobic conditions with methane bacteria, and decomposes organic waste into biogas and water. It is an energy-saving treatment method that does not require aeration power due to anaerobic properties.
ところで、メタン発酵処理では、処理中に槽内の発酵液が発泡することがあった。発泡が生じる原因としては、発酵液の粘度増加、有機性廃棄物からの発泡性物質の混入、微生物からの発泡性物質の分泌などがある。発泡が激しくない時は問題ないが、発泡が激しくなると、泡界面が上昇してバイオガスの回収経路などに発酵液などが進入してしまい、配管を閉塞したり、圧力計などの計測器具を損傷する問題があった。 By the way, in the methane fermentation treatment, the fermentation liquid in the tank may foam during the treatment. The causes of foaming include an increase in the viscosity of the fermentation broth, contamination of foaming substances from organic waste, secretion of foaming substances from microorganisms, and the like. When foaming is not severe, there is no problem, but when foaming becomes severe, the foam interface rises and fermented liquid enters the biogas recovery path, etc., blocking the piping or using a measuring instrument such as a pressure gauge. There was a problem to damage.
例えば、下記特許文献１には、メタン発酵槽内の発酵液中に、上部に発生したガスを捕集して貯留するガス貯留部を有し、下部の側面複数箇所に捕集したガスをまとめて排出させる機能を有する切欠部を設けたガス捕集装置を設置して、ガス捕集装置の切欠部からガスを排出させて、該排出したガスにより発酵液を撹拌させることにより、消泡をすることが開示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 below has a gas storage unit that collects and stores gas generated in the upper part in the fermentation liquid in the methane fermentation tank, and collects the gas collected in a plurality of positions on the lower side surface. By installing a gas collecting device provided with a notch having a function of discharging the gas, discharging the gas from the notch of the gas collecting device, and stirring the fermentation liquid with the discharged gas, defoaming is performed. Is disclosed.
しかしながら、上記特許文献１の方法では、発酵液内に排出したバイオガスによって、発酵液上面に新たに泡を生じることがあり、泡の発生を十分抑制できない問題があった。 However, the method of Patent Document 1 has a problem that bubbles may be newly generated on the top surface of the fermentation broth due to the biogas discharged into the fermentation broth, and the generation of bubbles cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
したがって、本発明の目的は、メタン発酵槽内に発生した泡を効率よく消泡できるメタン発酵処理方法及びメタン発酵処理装置を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a methane fermentation treatment method and a methane fermentation treatment apparatus capable of efficiently defoaming bubbles generated in a methane fermentation tank.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵してバイオガスを取り出すメタン発酵槽と、前記メタン発酵槽内の発酵液温度が所定範囲となるように熱水を流通させるボイラーと、前記メタン発酵槽上部に発生したバイオガスを利用するバイオガス利用装置とを備えたメタン発酵処理装置を用いたメタン発酵処理方法であって、前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体により、前記メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱して消泡することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention includes a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste to extract biogas, and a fermentation liquid temperature in the methane fermentation tank within a predetermined range. A methane fermentation treatment method using a methane fermentation treatment apparatus comprising a boiler for circulating hot water and a biogas utilization apparatus for utilizing biogas generated in the upper part of the methane fermentation tank, wherein the hot water from the boiler And / or the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is heated and defoamed by the fluid heated by the exhaust heat of the biogas utilization apparatus.
また、本発明のメタン発酵処理装置は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵してバイオガスを取り出すメタン発酵槽と、前記メタン発酵槽内の発酵液温度を所定範囲に調整する熱水を流通させるボイラーと、前記メタン発酵槽上部に発生したバイオガスを利用するバイオガス利用装置とを備えたメタン発酵処理装置であって、前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体によって、前記メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱する加熱手段が設けられていることを特徴とする。 In addition, the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention is a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste to extract biogas, and a boiler for circulating hot water for adjusting the fermentation liquid temperature in the methane fermentation tank to a predetermined range. And a biogas utilization apparatus that uses biogas generated in the upper part of the methane fermentation tank, and is heated by hot water from the boiler and / or exhaust heat of the biogas utilization apparatus A heating means for heating bubbles generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank by the fluid thus formed is provided.
本発明によれば、ボイラーからの熱水及び／又はバイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体によって、メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱することで、泡の粘度を低下させて消泡し易くすることができる。また、メタン発酵装置で排出される排熱を有効利用するので、ランニングコストや装置コストなどを抑えることができ、効率よくメタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を消泡できる。 According to the present invention, the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is heated by the fluid heated by the hot water from the boiler and / or the exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device, thereby reducing the viscosity of the foam. Can be easily removed. Moreover, since the exhaust heat discharged | emitted by a methane fermentation apparatus is used effectively, a running cost, an apparatus cost, etc. can be suppressed, and the bubble which generate | occur | produces on the liquid level of a methane fermentation tank can be defoamed efficiently.
本発明においては、前記メタン発酵槽内上方の気相部に、前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体が流通する配管を設けて、前記泡を加熱することが好ましい。この態様によれば、メタン発酵槽内上方の気相部に、ボイラーからの熱水及び／又はバイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体が流通する配管を設けて泡を加熱することで、発酵液の液面に生じた泡を効果的に加熱し、泡の粘度を低下させて消泡し易くできる。また、発泡が激しくなって泡界面が上昇しても、熱水や加熱流体が流通する配管に泡が接触することで消泡が促進されるので、泡界面が配管の設置位置よりも上部に至ることを防止でき、バイオガスの回収経路などに発酵液などが進入するなどのトラブルの発生を効果的に防止できる。 In the present invention, in the gas phase part in the upper part of the methane fermenter, a pipe through which hot water from the boiler and / or a fluid heated by exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device circulates is provided, It is preferable to heat. According to this aspect, by providing the piping in which the fluid heated by the hot water from the boiler and / or the exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device flows in the gas phase portion above the methane fermentation tank, The foam generated on the liquid surface of the fermentation broth can be effectively heated to reduce the viscosity of the foam and facilitate defoaming. Also, even if foaming becomes intense and the foam interface rises, defoaming is promoted by the foam coming into contact with the piping through which hot water or heated fluid flows, so the foam interface is located above the installation position of the piping. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of troubles such as fermentation liquid entering the biogas recovery route.
本発明においては、前記メタン発酵槽内上方の気相部から、前記ボイラーからの熱水の一部を散水して、前記泡を加熱することが好ましい。この態様によれば、発酵液上面に発生した泡を、熱水からの伝熱により加熱して消泡すると共に、散水された熱水により物理的に消泡できるので、発酵液上面に発生する泡を効率よく消泡できる。 In this invention, it is preferable to sprinkle a part of hot water from the said boiler from the gas phase part above the said methane fermentation tank, and to heat the said foam. According to this aspect, the foam generated on the upper surface of the fermentation broth is heated and defoamed by heat transfer from the hot water, and can be physically defoamed by the sprinkled hot water. Bubbles can be efficiently removed.
本発明においては、前記メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡をメタン発酵槽外に取り出した後、前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体により加熱して消泡し、メタン発酵槽に返送することが好ましい。この態様によれば、メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡をメタン発酵槽外に取り出すので、泡界面が上昇して、バイオガスの回収経路などに発酵液などが進入するなどのトラブルの発生を防止できる。また、槽外に取り出された泡は、熱水や加熱流体によって加熱して消泡して、メタン発酵槽に返送するので、メタン発酵槽内の発酵液面が低下するといったトラブルの発生を防止できる。 In the present invention, bubbles generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank are taken out of the methane fermentation tank, and then heated by hot water from the boiler and / or a fluid heated by exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device. And defoaming and returning to the methane fermentation tank. According to this aspect, since the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is taken out of the methane fermentation tank, the foam interface rises, and troubles such as fermentation liquid entering the biogas recovery path, etc. occur. Can be prevented. In addition, foam taken out of the tank is heated and defoamed with hot water or a heating fluid and returned to the methane fermentation tank, preventing the occurrence of troubles such as lowering the fermentation liquid level in the methane fermentation tank. it can.
本発明においては、前記バイオガス利用装置が、燃料電池発電装置であることが好ましい。燃料電池発電装置からは、発電時に排出される排熱を利用して温水等が取り出されるので、温水を利用して、メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱して消泡できる。 In the present invention, the biogas utilization device is preferably a fuel cell power generation device. From the fuel cell power generator, warm water and the like are taken out using the exhaust heat discharged during power generation, so that the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank can be heated and defoamed using the warm water.
本発明によれば、ボイラーからの熱水及び／又はバイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体によって、メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱するようにしたので、メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を消泡できる。 According to the present invention, the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is heated by the fluid heated by the hot water from the boiler and / or the exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device. Bubbles generated on the liquid surface can be eliminated.
以下、図１，２を参照して本発明のメタン発酵処理装置の第１の実施形態を説明する。このメタン発酵処理装置は、メタン発酵槽１と、メタン発酵槽１内の発酵液の温度を所定範囲に調整する熱水を供給するボイラー３と、メタン発酵処理時に発生したバイオガスを回収するバイオガスホルダ４と、燃料電池発電装置５とで主に構成されている。この実施形態では、燃料電池発電装置５が、本発明における「バイオガス利用装置」に相当する。 Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This methane fermentation treatment apparatus includes a methane fermentation tank 1, a boiler 3 that supplies hot water that adjusts the temperature of the fermentation liquid in the methane fermentation tank 1 to a predetermined range, and a bio that recovers biogas generated during the methane fermentation treatment. The gas holder 4 and the fuel cell power generator 5 are mainly configured. In this embodiment, the fuel cell power generation device 5 corresponds to a “biogas utilization device” in the present invention.
メタン発酵槽１は、有機性廃棄物を、槽内に存在する微生物によりメタン発酵処理してメタンガスを含むバイオガスを発生させるものである。メタン発酵槽１内には、担体１０が装填されており、この担体１０に嫌気性微生物（主に、メタン菌）が担持されている。
メタン発酵槽１には、有機性廃棄物供給源から伸びた有機性廃棄物供給ラインＬ１が接続しており、槽内に有機性廃棄物が供給されるように構成されている。また、メタン発酵槽１の側壁には、上流側から発酵液循環ポンプＰ１と熱交換器２とが介装された循環ラインＬ２が併設されている。この循環ラインＬ２の上流は、メタン発酵槽１の底部付近に開口され、下流はメタン発酵槽１の発酵液液面レベル付近に開口されている。
The methane fermentation tank 1 generates biogas containing methane gas by subjecting organic waste to methane fermentation treatment with microorganisms present in the tank. A carrier 10 is loaded in the methane fermentation tank 1, and anaerobic microorganisms (mainly methane bacteria) are carried on the carrier 10.
An organic waste supply line L1 extending from an organic waste supply source is connected to the methane fermentation tank 1 so that the organic waste is supplied into the tank. In addition, a circulation line L2 in which a fermentation liquid circulation pump P1 and a heat exchanger 2 are interposed is provided on the side wall of the methane fermentation tank 1 from the upstream side. The upstream of the circulation line L2 is opened near the bottom of the methane fermentation tank 1, and the downstream is opened near the fermentation liquid level of the methane fermentation tank 1.
熱交換器２には、ボイラー３から伸びた熱水ラインＬ３が挿通されている。この実施形態では、熱水ラインＬ３は、図２（図中の矢印は熱水の流通方向を意味する）に示すように、メタン発酵槽１内上方の気相部を蛇行するように通過した後、熱交換器２に挿通されている。すなわち、ボイラー３から供給される熱水は、まずメタン発酵槽１上部の気相部を通り、気相部を加熱した後、熱交換器２にて、発酵液との熱交換により発酵液を加熱するように構成されている。メタン発酵槽１上部の気相部に配置される熱水ラインＬ３の下方面には、散水孔が形成されていてもよい。熱水ラインＬ３の下方面に散水孔が形成されていることで、ボイラー３からの熱水の一部を発酵液上面に散水できるので、発酵液上面に生成される泡を散水により物理的にも消泡できる。 A hot water line L3 extending from the boiler 3 is inserted into the heat exchanger 2. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 (the arrow in the figure indicates the flow direction of the hot water), the hot water line L3 has passed through the gas phase portion above the methane fermentation tank 1 in a meandering manner. Thereafter, the heat exchanger 2 is inserted. That is, the hot water supplied from the boiler 3 first passes through the gas phase part at the top of the methane fermentation tank 1 and heats the gas phase part, and then in the heat exchanger 2, the fermented liquid is exchanged with the fermentation liquid. It is configured to heat. Sprinkling holes may be formed on the lower surface of the hot water line L3 disposed in the gas phase portion at the top of the methane fermentation tank 1. Since a sprinkling hole is formed on the lower surface of the hot water line L3, a part of the hot water from the boiler 3 can be sprinkled on the upper surface of the fermentation broth. Can also defoam.
熱交換器２を通過する発酵液は、発酵液循環ポンプＰ１の駆動により一定流量に設定されおり、熱交換器２を通過させる熱水流量及び熱水温度を制御することで、熱交換器２を通過する発酵液の加熱温度が制御される。これにより、メタン発酵槽１の発酵液の温度が一定範囲に保たれる。 The fermentation liquor that passes through the heat exchanger 2 is set to a constant flow rate by driving the fermentation liquor circulation pump P1, and the heat exchanger 2 is controlled by controlling the flow rate of hot water and the temperature of hot water that passes through the heat exchanger 2. The heating temperature of the fermentation broth passing through is controlled. Thereby, the temperature of the fermentation liquid of the methane fermentation tank 1 is maintained in a certain range.
メタン発酵槽１の上部には、このメタン発酵槽１内で発生したメタンガスを含むバイオガスを取出すバイオガス取出しラインＬ４が接続され、バイオガスホルダ４に連結している。 A biogas take-out line L <b> 4 for taking out biogas containing methane gas generated in the methane fermenter 1 is connected to the upper part of the methane fermenter 1 and connected to the biogas holder 4.
メタン発酵槽１の上部側壁には、オーバフローした発酵廃液を排出する発酵廃液排出ラインＬ５が設けられている。メタン発酵槽１は発酵液で常時満たされた状態にあり、従って、有機性廃棄物供給ラインＬ１から供給される有機性廃棄物と同量の発酵廃液が、発酵廃液排出ラインＬ５から槽外に排出される。 The upper side wall of the methane fermentation tank 1 is provided with a fermentation waste liquid discharge line L5 for discharging the overflowed fermentation waste liquid. The methane fermentation tank 1 is always filled with the fermentation liquid. Therefore, the same amount of fermentation waste liquid as the organic waste supplied from the organic waste supply line L1 is discharged from the fermentation waste liquid discharge line L5 to the outside of the tank. Discharged.
バイオガスホルダ４からは、バイオガス供給ラインＬ６，７が伸びて、ボイラー３、燃料電池発電装置５にそれぞれ連結している。 Biogas supply lines L6 and L7 extend from the biogas holder 4 and are connected to the boiler 3 and the fuel cell power generator 5, respectively.
次に、このメタン発酵装置を用いた場合を例にして、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法について説明する。 Next, taking the case of using this methane fermentation apparatus as an example, the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention will be described.
必要により前処理された有機性廃棄物が、有機性廃棄物供給ラインＬ１からメタン発酵槽１内に供給される。例えば、塵芥、生ごみ、家畜糞尿などのような有機性廃棄物の場合は、上水と混合し、粉砕・破砕などの前処理を行うことが好ましい。 The organic waste pretreated as necessary is supplied into the methane fermentation tank 1 from the organic waste supply line L1. For example, in the case of organic waste such as dust, garbage, livestock manure, etc., it is preferable to perform pretreatment such as crushing and crushing by mixing with clean water.
メタン発酵槽１では、槽内に供給された有機性廃棄物を、担体１０に担持された嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵する。槽内の発酵液は、発酵液循環ポンプＰ１を駆動することにより、循環ラインＬ２から一定流量で引き抜かれ、熱交換器２にてボイラー３からの熱水との熱交換により加温されて、メタン発酵槽１へ返送される。これにより、槽内の発酵液が循環され、発酵液上面に形成されたスカム等が破壊されると共に、メタン発酵槽１内の発酵液温度の均一化が図られる。なお、槽内の発酵液は、供給された有機性廃棄物と同量の発酵液が、発酵廃液引き抜きラインＬ５から引き抜かれ、槽内には常時一定量の発酵液が満ちている。そして、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵した際に発生したバイオガスは、バイオガス取出しラインＬ４から槽外に取り出され、バイオガスホルダ４に貯留される。 In the methane fermentation tank 1, organic waste supplied into the tank is subjected to methane fermentation by anaerobic microorganisms supported on the carrier 10. The fermentation broth in the tank is pulled out from the circulation line L2 at a constant flow rate by driving the fermentation broth circulation pump P1, and heated by heat exchange with the hot water from the boiler 3 in the heat exchanger 2, Returned to methane fermenter 1. Thereby, the fermented liquor in the tank is circulated, scum and the like formed on the upper surface of the fermented liquid are destroyed, and the temperature of the fermented liquid in the methane fermentation tank 1 is made uniform. In addition, as for the fermentation liquid in a tank, the same amount of fermentation liquid as the supplied organic waste is extracted from the fermentation waste liquid extraction line L5, and the tank is always filled with a certain amount of fermentation liquid. The biogas generated when the organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation is taken out of the tank from the biogas take-out line L4 and stored in the biogas holder 4.
バイオガスホルダ４に貯留されたバイオガスは、バイオガス供給ラインＬ６，７から、ボイラー３、燃料電池発電装置５に供給される。ボイラー３では、バイオガスを燃焼し、燃焼時に生成される燃焼熱でボイラー内に貯留された水を加熱して熱水を生成する。生成された熱水は、熱交換器２に導入し、主に発酵液の加熱に使用される。また、燃料電池発電装置５では、バイオガスを水蒸気改質して水素含有ガスを生成し、水素含有ガスと空気とを電極反応して電力を取り出し、その際排出される排熱で水を加熱して温水を生成される。生成された温水は、給湯設備などに供される。 The biogas stored in the biogas holder 4 is supplied to the boiler 3 and the fuel cell power generator 5 from the biogas supply lines L6 and L7. In the boiler 3, the biogas is burned, and the hot water is generated by heating the water stored in the boiler with the combustion heat generated at the time of combustion. The generated hot water is introduced into the heat exchanger 2 and is mainly used for heating the fermentation broth. Further, in the fuel cell power generation device 5, the biogas is steam reformed to generate a hydrogen-containing gas, the hydrogen-containing gas and air are subjected to an electrode reaction to extract electric power, and the water is heated by exhaust heat discharged at that time. To produce hot water. The generated hot water is supplied to a hot water supply facility.
このようにしてメタン発酵処理を実施していると、発酵液の粘度増加、有機性廃棄物からの発泡性物質の混入、微生物からの発泡性物質の分泌などの要因によって、発酵液が発泡することがあった。
また、メタン発酵槽１の気相部は、外気温による影響を受けて、発酵液の温度よりも低くなっていることがあった。特に冬場などは、発酵液の温度を５５℃程度に調整して、高温メタン発酵処理を行った場合であっても、気相部の温度は、およそ２５〜３５℃にまで低下することがあった。低温下では、泡は粘度が高くなるので、容易に消泡し難くなる。このため、特に寒冷地や冬場などでは、一度泡が生じると、泡の粘度が高くなって消泡し難くなるので、泡界面が上昇するトラブルが生じ易い傾向にあった。
When methane fermentation treatment is carried out in this way, the fermentation solution foams due to factors such as increase in the viscosity of the fermentation solution, contamination of foamable substances from organic waste, secretion of foamable substances from microorganisms, etc. There was a thing.
Moreover, the gas phase part of the methane fermenter 1 was sometimes affected by the outside air temperature and was lower than the temperature of the fermentation broth. Especially in winter, even when the temperature of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to about 55 ° C. and a high-temperature methane fermentation treatment is performed, the temperature of the gas phase part may drop to about 25 to 35 ° C. It was. At low temperatures, the foam has a high viscosity and is difficult to defoam easily. For this reason, especially in cold districts and winter, once the foam is generated, the viscosity of the foam becomes so high that it is difficult to remove the foam, so that there is a tendency that the trouble of increasing the foam interface tends to occur.
そこで、本実施形態では、ボイラー３から伸びた熱水ラインＬ３を、メタン発酵槽１内上方の気相部を蛇行するように通過した後、熱交換器２に連通して、ボイラー３から供給される熱水で、メタン発酵槽１上部の気相部を加熱し、その後、熱交換器２にて、発酵液との熱交換により発酵液を加熱することとした。 Therefore, in this embodiment, after passing through the hot water line L3 extending from the boiler 3 so as to meander the gas phase portion above the methane fermentation tank 1, the hot water line L3 communicates with the heat exchanger 2 and is supplied from the boiler 3 The gas phase at the top of the methane fermentation tank 1 is heated with the hot water to be heated, and then the fermentation broth is heated by heat exchange with the fermentation broth in the heat exchanger 2.
これにより、気相部の温度を高めて、発酵液の液面に泡が発生しても泡の粘度を低下できるので、消泡し易く、泡界面の上昇を抑制できる。また、発泡が激しくなって泡界面が上昇しても、気相部に配置された熱水ラインＬ３に泡が接触することで消泡が促進されるので、泡界面が熱水ラインＬ３の設置位置よりも上部に至ることを防止できる。また、熱水ラインＬ３に散水孔が形成されている場合においては、熱水の一部を散水孔から発酵液上面に散水できるので、発酵液上面に生成される泡を物理的にも消泡できる。 Thereby, even if the temperature of a gaseous phase part is raised and a bubble generate | occur | produces on the liquid level of a fermentation liquid, since the viscosity of a bubble can be reduced, it is easy to defoam and the raise of a foam interface can be suppressed. Moreover, even if foaming becomes intense and the foam interface rises, defoaming is promoted by the foam coming into contact with the hot water line L3 arranged in the gas phase, so the foam interface is installed in the hot water line L3. It can prevent reaching the upper part than the position. Further, when watering holes are formed in the hot water line L3, a part of the hot water can be sprinkled from the watering holes to the upper surface of the fermentation broth, so that the bubbles generated on the upper surface of the fermentation broth are also physically defoamed. it can.
また、気相部の温度が、嫌気性微生物の死滅温度を超えると、発酵液の界面で、嫌気性微生物が死滅し、メタン発酵効率が低下する傾向にあるので、気相部の温度が、嫌気性微生物の死滅温度を超えないように調整しながら、気相部に配置された熱水ラインＬ３に熱水を流通させることが好ましい。具体的には、嫌気性微生物として高温メタン菌を使用する場合は、５５〜６０℃の熱水を流通させて、気相部の温度を５５〜５８℃に調整することが好ましい。また、嫌気性微生物として中温メタン菌を使用する場合は、３５〜４０℃の熱水を流通させて、気相部の温度を３５〜３８℃に調整することが好ましい。 Also, if the temperature of the gas phase exceeds the death temperature of the anaerobic microorganisms, the anaerobic microorganisms die at the interface of the fermentation liquid, and the methane fermentation efficiency tends to decrease. It is preferable to distribute the hot water through the hot water line L3 arranged in the gas phase part while adjusting so as not to exceed the killing temperature of the anaerobic microorganisms. Specifically, when using a high-temperature methane bacterium as an anaerobic microorganism, it is preferable to distribute hot water at 55 to 60 ° C. to adjust the temperature of the gas phase to 55 to 58 ° C. Moreover, when using mesophilic methane bacteria as an anaerobic microorganism, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of a gas phase part to 35-38 degreeC by circulating hot water of 35-40 degreeC.
このように、本発明によれば、ボイラー３から生成される熱水の熱を利用して、メタン発酵槽１の液面に発生する泡を加熱して消泡するので、メタン発酵装置から排出される排熱を有効利用でき、効率よくメタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を消泡できる。また、新たな付帯設備の設置は特に不要であるので、設備費用を抑えることができ、経済的である。 Thus, according to this invention, since the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank 1 is heated and defoamed using the heat of the hot water generated from the boiler 3, it is discharged from the methane fermentation apparatus. The waste heat generated can be used effectively, and bubbles generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank can be efficiently removed. In addition, the installation of new incidental equipment is not particularly necessary, so that the equipment cost can be reduced and it is economical.
なお、この実施形態では、バイオガス利用装置として、燃料電池発電装置を用いたが、燃料電池発電装置に限定されず、ガスエンジン発電装置、マイクロガスタービン発電装置、バイオガスボイラなどが使用できる。また、メタン発酵槽１の気相部において、熱水ラインＬ３は、図２に示すように、気相部を蛇行するように配置したが、このような配置形態に限定されず、発酵液面に発生する泡が接触し易いように熱水ラインＬ３を配置した形態であれば好ましく採用できる。また、この実施形態では、熱水ラインＬ３は、メタン発酵槽１の気相部を通過した後、熱交換器２に挿通されるように構成されているが、熱交換器２を通過した後、メタン発酵槽１の上方の気相部を通過するように構成されていてもよい。 In this embodiment, the fuel cell power generation device is used as the biogas utilization device, but is not limited to the fuel cell power generation device, and a gas engine power generation device, a micro gas turbine power generation device, a biogas boiler, or the like can be used. Moreover, in the gas phase part of the methane fermentation tank 1, the hot water line L3 is arranged to meander the gas phase part as shown in FIG. If the hot water line L3 is arranged so that the bubbles generated in the water can easily come into contact with each other, it can be preferably adopted. In this embodiment, the hot water line L3 is configured to be inserted into the heat exchanger 2 after passing through the gas phase portion of the methane fermentation tank 1, but after passing through the heat exchanger 2. Moreover, you may be comprised so that the gaseous-phase part above the methane fermenter 1 may be passed.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置の第２の実施形態について、図３を用いて説明する。なお、第１の実施形態と実質的に同じ箇所には、同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。 2nd Embodiment of the methane fermentation processing apparatus of this invention is described using FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the location substantially the same as 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
この実施形態では、ボイラー３から伸びた熱水ラインＬ３が、熱交換器２に挿通されており、熱交換器２に対し、ボイラー３で生成された熱水を循環供給できるように構成されている点、燃料電池発電装置５の温水取り出し口から伸びた温水供給ラインＬ８が、メタン発酵槽１内上方の気相部を蛇行するように通過した後、図示しない給湯設備などに連結している点で相違する。 In this embodiment, a hot water line L3 extending from the boiler 3 is inserted into the heat exchanger 2, and is configured so that the hot water generated by the boiler 3 can be circulated and supplied to the heat exchanger 2. The hot water supply line L8 extending from the hot water outlet of the fuel cell power generator 5 passes through the gas phase portion above the methane fermentation tank 1 so as to meander, and is connected to a hot water supply facility (not shown). It is different in point.
この実施形態では、燃料電池発電装置５から排出される温水の熱を利用して、メタン発酵槽１の液面に発生する泡を加熱して消泡するので、メタン発酵装置から排出される排熱を有効利用でき、効率よくメタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を消泡できる。また、ボイラー３で生成された熱水は、熱交換器２にて発酵液を加熱するのみに使用するので、発酵液の温度調整をより正確に行うことができ、更には、熱水の熱量消費を低く抑えることができるので、ボイラー３におけるバイオガスの消費量を低減できる。 In this embodiment, since the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank 1 is heated and defoamed using the heat of the hot water discharged from the fuel cell power generation device 5, the exhaust discharged from the methane fermentation device. Heat can be used effectively and bubbles generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank can be efficiently removed. Moreover, since the hot water produced | generated with the boiler 3 is used only for heating a fermented liquor with the heat exchanger 2, the temperature adjustment of a fermented liquor can be performed more correctly, Furthermore, calorie | heat amount of hot water Since consumption can be kept low, the amount of biogas consumed in the boiler 3 can be reduced.
本発明のメタン発酵処理装置の第３の実施形態について、図４を用いて説明する。なお、第１の実施形態と実質的に同じ箇所には、同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。 A third embodiment of the methane fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the location substantially the same as 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
この実施形態では、メタン発酵槽１の液面上方から、吸引ポンプＰ２、破泡カラム６が配置された泡吸引ラインＬ９が伸びて、メタン発酵槽１の下部側壁に接続している点、ボイラー３から伸びた熱水ラインＬ３が、破泡カラム６を通過した後、熱交換器２の順に挿通されている点で相違する。 In this embodiment, the foam suction line L9 in which the suction pump P2 and the bubble breaking column 6 are arranged extends from the upper liquid level of the methane fermentation tank 1, and is connected to the lower side wall of the methane fermentation tank 1, a boiler. 3 is different in that the hot water line L3 extending from 3 is inserted in the order of the heat exchanger 2 after passing through the bubble breaking column 6.
この実施形態では、メタン発酵槽１の液面に発生する泡を、吸引ポンプＰ２を駆動して泡吸引ラインＬ９からメタン発酵槽１外に取り出すので、泡界面が上昇して、バイオガスの回収経路などに発酵液などが進入するなどのトラブルの発生をより確実に防止できる。そして、取り出された泡は、破泡カラム６に送られ、熱水ラインＬ３を流通する熱水からの伝熱により加熱して消泡し、再度メタン発酵槽１に返送するので、メタン発酵槽内の発酵液面が低下するといったトラブルの発生を防止できる。 In this embodiment, since the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank 1 is driven out of the methane fermentation tank 1 from the foam suction line L9 by driving the suction pump P2, the foam interface rises and the biogas is recovered. Occurrence of troubles such as fermentation broth entering the route can be prevented more reliably. And the taken-out foam is sent to the bubble-breaking column 6, heated and defoamed by heat transfer from hot water flowing through the hot water line L3, and returned to the methane fermentation tank 1 again. It is possible to prevent troubles such as a decrease in the fermentation liquid level.
１：メタン発酵槽
２：熱交換器
３：ボイラー
４：バイオガスホルダ
５：燃料電池発電装置
６：破泡カラム
１０：担体
Ｌ１：有機性廃棄物供給ライン
Ｌ２：循環ライン
Ｌ３：熱水ライン
Ｌ４：バイオガス取出しライン
Ｌ５：発酵廃液排出ライン
Ｌ６，７：バイオガス供給ライン
Ｌ８：温水供給ライン
Ｌ９：泡吸引ライン
Ｐ１：発酵液循環ポンプ
Ｐ２：吸引ポンプ
1: Methane fermenter 2: Heat exchanger 3: Boiler 4: Biogas holder 5: Fuel cell power generator 6: Foam column 10: Carrier L1: Organic waste supply line L2: Circulation line L3: Hot water line L4: Biogas extraction line L5: Fermentation waste liquid discharge line L6, 7: Biogas supply line L8: Hot water supply line L9: Foam suction line P1: Fermentation liquid circulation pump P2: Suction pump
Claims (10)
前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体により、前記メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱して消泡することを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 Occurred at the top of the methane fermentation tank, a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste and taking out biogas, a boiler for circulating hot water so that the fermentation liquid temperature in the methane fermentation tank is within a predetermined range, and A methane fermentation treatment method using a methane fermentation treatment apparatus equipped with a biogas utilization apparatus utilizing biogas,
The methane fermentation treatment is characterized in that the foam generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is heated and defoamed by the fluid heated by the hot water from the boiler and / or the exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device. Method.
前記ボイラーからの熱水及び／又は前記バイオガス利用装置の排熱により加熱された流体によって、前記メタン発酵槽の液面に発生する泡を加熱する加熱手段が設けられていることを特徴とするメタン発酵処理装置。 A methane fermenter for methane fermentation of organic waste to extract biogas, a boiler for circulating hot water for adjusting the temperature of the fermentation liquid in the methane fermenter to a predetermined range, and bio that has been generated at the top of the methane fermenter A methane fermentation treatment apparatus equipped with a biogas utilization apparatus that uses gas,
Heating means for heating bubbles generated on the liquid surface of the methane fermentation tank is provided by hot water from the boiler and / or fluid heated by exhaust heat of the biogas utilization device. Methane fermentation treatment equipment.
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