JP2010226926A - Rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an AC generator which allows various kinds of output control to be easily performed. <P>SOLUTION: A rotor 2 has a rotor core 7 having a corrugated cross-sectional shape and fixed to the inner peripheral surface of a rotor case 4. A dyadic stator 3 arranged in a direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 comprises diadic tooth cores 10 and 11, with one end being opposite to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 7, windings 14 and 15, and permanent magnets 16 arranged at the other end of the two tooth cores 10 and 11. The rotating electrical machine is also equipped with a regulator 27 that includes rectifying circuits 28 and 29 connected to the output sides of the windings 14 and 15, respectively. A controller 36 controls switches 30-32 provided in a subsequent stage of the rectifying circuits 28 and 29 and semiconductor switches 281-284 and 291-294 that constitute the rectifying circuits 28 and 29 to perform voltage control, power generation frictionless control, brake control, etc. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine, and more particularly to an AC generator capable of arbitrarily reducing or increasing the friction caused by magnetic force.

  As an AC generator driven by a driving device such as an engine, a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in an annular shape, a stator having a plurality of salient poles facing the permanent magnets, and a rotation angle of the rotor There is known a permanent magnet type generator including a power generation unit including a magnetic pole sensor that detects a current and a driver unit that switches an energized phase according to the rotation angle of the rotor detected by the magnetic pole sensor (Patent Document 1). 2). In this type of generator, when the amount of power generation is excessive due to the number of rotations of the engine that drives the rotor and the state of the load, the output voltage is controlled to a constant value using a regulator to suppress the voltage rise and stabilize It is necessary to make it. The driver section includes a bridge circuit in which two-stage switching elements (FETs) are arranged for each phase winding, and the output voltage stabilization control changes the on / off timing of the FET and the phase of the energization current. There is known a phase control method that is performed (Patent Documents 3 and 4). According to the phase control method, it is also possible to adjust the energization phase to zero power generation friction.

JP 2008-086183 A JP 2002-119095 A JP 2002-159164 A JP 2002-136195 A

  In the permanent magnet type AC generator, since the magnetic force of the permanent magnet changes depending on the temperature, it is necessary to add a detection means such as a current sensor in order to stably generate power generation near zero.

  The on / off timing of the FET is determined based on the edge detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor. When the resolution of the rotation angle detected by the magnetic pole sensor is, for example, 10 degrees, the CPU calculates how long the rotor has passed the previous rotation angle of 10 degrees, and based on this time, the most recent NS The FET is turned on / off when a desired time has elapsed since the switching of the magnetic poles.

  However, in a section where the rotational speed of the rotor fluctuates in a short time, such as the expansion stroke or compression stroke of the engine, the same time is taken when the previous transit time is calculated and when the FET is actually turned on / off. In some cases, the rotation angle is different, and the FET cannot be turned on / off at a desired timing.

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by suppressing the influence of the magnetic flux change due to the temperature change of the permanent magnet without requiring a current sensor, and by turning the FET on and off at a desired time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating electrical machine that can reduce power generation friction and generate a braking action by an electromagnetic attractive force at the time.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rotor case formed in a cup shape with an annular peripheral wall portion and a disc-shaped bottom portion, and is fixed to the inner periphery of the annular peripheral wall portion, and is periodically diametrically in the circumferential direction. For example, a rotor driven by an engine and two rotor cores aligned in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor and having one end opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core. A stator comprising a tee score, a winding wound around the tee score (for example, a single-phase winding), and a permanent magnet disposed on the other end of the two tee scores on the rotor shaft side; A first feature is that a plurality of magnetic poles including the teascore and the windings are arranged in a ring shape at the same interval as the waveform pitch of the rotor core.

  Further, the present invention has a second feature in that a regulator including a rectifier circuit connected to the output side of the winding wound around the set of two tees is provided.

  The present invention also provides a changeover switch that opens and closes an output path of each rectifier circuit, a final output stage changeover switch provided on a line that joins the outputs of the rectifier circuits, and a semiconductor that forms the rectifier circuit. A third feature is that a switch, a changeover switch, and a controller for controlling the generator output by controlling the final stage changeover switch are provided.

  Further, the present invention is configured such that the controller detects the output voltage from one of the two windings, and detects the other output based on the detection voltage. There is a fourth feature.

  Further, the present invention is a rotor case formed in a cup shape with an annular peripheral wall portion and a disc-shaped bottom portion, and is fixed to the inner periphery of the annular peripheral wall portion, and the dimension in the diameter direction is periodically changed in the circumferential direction. A rotor composed of a rotor core formed in a corrugated shape, a plurality of teascores having one end opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core, two windings wound alternately around each of the teascores, A stator composed of a tee core and a permanent magnet disposed at the other end on the rotor shaft side, and a plurality of magnetic poles composed of the tee core and windings are arranged in a ring at the same interval as the waveform pitch of the rotor core. There is a fifth feature.

  Further, the present invention has a sixth feature in that each of the two windings has a controller that individually controls the energization phase to control the generator output.

  Furthermore, the present invention has a seventh feature in that it has windings different in at least one of the number of turns and the wire diameter.

  According to the present invention having the first to seventh characteristics, output power can be obtained in two systems from a single AC generator. Further, without using a current sensor, it is possible to obtain a generator output that is not affected by changes in the amount of magnetic flux due to changes in the temperature of the permanent magnet, and to reduce friction other than mechanical friction.

  Further, according to the present invention having the first to fifth features, since the permanent magnet is not provided on the rotor side, the structure of the rotor can be simplified and the number of parts can be reduced. For example, the rotor core can be simplified in shape as compared with a conventional product having a complicated shape because a space for accommodating a permanent magnet is generally provided.

  According to the present invention having the second feature, two systems of output power can be individually rectified and regulated.

  According to the present invention having the third feature, the outputs of the two systems can be selectively or combined and output. For example, the output terminal of each system can be short-circuited or opened to drive the generator Can exert a braking action.

  Further, by controlling the rectifier circuit and the changeover switch so that the output phases of the two systems are opposite to each other, the outputs of each other cancel each other, and the output can be made zero. Therefore, the power generation friction with respect to the drive source of the generator can be easily reduced to zero. For example, when the engine of the vehicle is the drive source, the acceleration performance can be improved by making the power generation friction zero during acceleration.

  According to the present invention having the fourth feature, it is possible to detect a change in magnetic flux and an electromotive force of the other winding on the same magnetic path based on the electromotive voltage generated in one winding and use it as a sensor. it can.

  According to the present invention having the sixth feature, the friction, power generation output, and electromagnetic brake action can be freely controlled for each winding. According to the present invention having the seventh feature, it is possible to cope with various winding specifications.

It is a front view of the AC generator concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing in the AA position of FIG. It is a perspective view of the stator which comprises an alternating current generator. It is sectional drawing of the alternating current generator which shows magnetic flux when an air gap is small. It is sectional drawing of the alternating current generator which shows magnetic flux when an air gap is large. It is a wave form diagram which shows the relationship between an air gap, an electromotive force, and a magnetic flux. It is a perspective view which shows the magnetic pole of an AC generator. It is an exploded view of the magnetic pole of an AC generator. It is a perspective view of the end holder holding a magnetic pole. It is a principal part perspective view of the intermediate holder holding a magnetic pole. It is a circuit diagram of the regulator which controls the output of an alternator. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the regulator at the time of parallel output. It is an output voltage waveform diagram at the time of parallel output. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the regulator at the time of the short circuit restriction | limiting control of an electric power generation output. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the regulator at the time of the open limit control of electric power generation output. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the regulator at the time of the generation | occurrence | production cancellation cancellation | release control. It is an output voltage waveform diagram at the time of cancellation restriction control. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the regulator in the case of controlling the other based on the electromotive voltage of one winding. It is a wave form diagram when control which shifts the phase of an electromotive voltage with the applied voltage of a battery is performed. It is a front view of the AC generator concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing in the BB position of FIG. It is an output control circuit diagram of the generator concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is the perspective view seen from the right front of the electric vehicle which uses the rotary electric machine of this invention as a drive source. It is sectional drawing which shows the drive part of an electric vehicle. It is a right view of the hybrid vehicle which uses the rotary electric machine of this invention as a drive source. It is sectional drawing which shows the electric motor drive part of a hybrid vehicle.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view showing an alternator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a main part (stator) of the alternator. FIG.

  The AC generator 1 is, for example, a starter / generator for a vehicle driving engine. The AC generator 1 is disposed concentrically with an outer rotor (hereinafter simply referred to as “rotor”) 2 that is connected to an engine crankshaft 50 and rotates, and is fixed to, for example, a wall of a crank chamber of the engine. The stator 3.

  The rotor 2 is fitted into the rotor case 4 formed in a cup shape by the annular peripheral wall portion 41 and the disc-shaped bottom portion 42, and the opening formed in the center portion of the disc-shaped bottom portion 42 of the rotor case 4, and the rivet 5 The flange portion 61 is composed of the boss 6 joined to the disc-shaped bottom portion 42. The crankshaft 50 is inserted and fixed in the center hole 62 of the boss 6. On the inner periphery of the annular peripheral wall portion 41, a rotor core 7 made of a laminate of thin silicon steel plates or a dust core is fitted and fixed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor core 7 is formed in a waveform in which the thickness (dimension in the diameter direction of the rotor 2) t is periodically changed in the circumferential direction. That is, it has a crest portion (convex portion) 71 that is close to the stator 3 and a trough portion (concave portion) 72 that is separated from the stator 3. The number of peaks 71 and valleys 72 is the same as the number of magnetic poles 23 (see FIG. 3) of the stator 3, and they are arranged at the same intervals as the arrangement intervals of the magnetic poles 23 of the stator 3. That is, each magnetic pole always faces the unevenness of the rotor core 7 in the same relationship.

The stator 3 has two partial stators 8 and 9 arranged side by side in the axial direction (longitudinal direction of the crankshaft 50). That is, the partial stators 8 and 9 constitute a set to constitute the stator 3. Each of the partial stators 8 and 9 includes twelve tee scores 10 and 11, windings 14 and 15 wound around the tee scores 10 and 11 via insulators 12 and 13, and a tee score of the partial stators 8 and 9. 10 and 11 and a permanent magnet 16 positioned near the center of the stator 3. The windings 14 and 15 are each single phase. The windings 14 and 15 may have the same number of turns or wire diameter according to required specifications, or at least one of the number of turns and the wire diameter may be different from each other.

  The tee scores 10 and 11 have tip portions 10a and 11a bent toward the joint surface side of the partial stators 8 and 9 near the center of the stator 3, and the permanent magnet 16 is disposed between the end surfaces of the tip portions 10a and 11a. ing. The tip portions 10a and 11a of the tea score 10 and 11 are held by end holders 17 and 18 that come into contact with the bent outer peripheral side of the tip portions 10a and 11a, and an intermediate holder 19 that comes into contact with the bent inner peripheral side. . The outer peripheral ends 10 b and 11 b of the tea scores 10 and 11 are opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 7.

  The permanent magnet 16 is arranged so that the N pole and the S pole are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft 50, and the permanent magnet 16 (N pole), the tee score 10, the rotor core 7, the tee score 11, and the permanent magnet 16 (S pole). Through this, a magnetic flux (see FIGS. 4 and 5) is formed.

In the above configuration, when the engine is driven and the crankshaft 50 rotates, the rotor 2 rotates together. Since the rotor core 7 is formed in a waveform as described above, the opposing positions of the tee scores 10 and 11 with respect to the peak portion 71 and the valley portion 72 move every time, and the interval between the tee scores 10 and 11 and the rotor core 7. (Gap) G varies. As the gap G changes, the magnetic flux changes and an electromotive force is generated in the windings 14 and 15. Since the amount of magnetic flux is inversely proportional to the square of the gap G, the inner peripheral shape of the rotor core 7 (the shape viewed from the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft 50) is the square root (√ (1 / sin θ)) of the reciprocal of the sine wave. A sinusoidal magnetic flux change and the electromotive force associated therewith, that is, the output power of the windings 14 and 15 are obtained.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the AC generator 1 when the gap G is small, that is, when the tee scores 10 and 11 are opposed to the peak 71 of the rotor core 7. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the alternator 1 when the gap G is large, that is, when the tee scores 10 and 11 are opposed to the valleys 72 of the rotor core 7. 4 and 5, the magnitude of the magnetic flux amount is represented by changing the thickness of the arrow 20 representing the magnetic flux. That is, the magnetic flux amount is larger in the position shown in FIG. 4 where the gap G is smaller than in the position shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the gap G, the magnetic flux amount, and the electromotive force. The horizontal axis represents the rotor rotation angle, and the vertical axis represents the gap (air gap) G, the magnetic flux amount, and the electromotive force. Show. As shown in FIG. 6, when the gap G is large, the amount of magnetic flux decreases, and when the gap G is small, the amount of magnetic flux increases. Depending on the magnitude of the amount of magnetic flux, an electromotive force peak appears when the change in the amount of magnetic flux is large, the electromotive force decreases when the change in the amount of magnetic flux is small, and when the amount of magnetic flux changes from increase to decrease, and from the decrease When changing to increase, the electromotive force becomes zero.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the magnetic pole, and FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the magnetic pole. 7 and 8, the insulator 12 is composed of partial insulators 12a and 12b having the same shape, and the core through-groove 21 into which the side portion of the tea score 10 is fitted in these partial insulators 12a and 12b. , 22 are formed. These partial insulators 12a and 12b are applied so that the core through grooves 21 and 22 are along the side of the tea score 10, and the tea score 10 is covered from both sides. The winding 14 is wound around the assembly of the tea score 10 and the insulator 12 assembled in this way. One magnetic pole 23 of the completed partial stator 8 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, twelve magnetic poles 23 are used for one partial stator 8. Each magnetic pole of the partial stator 9 is manufactured in the same manner.

  FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the end holder that holds the magnetic pole 23, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the main part of the intermediate holder that holds the magnetic pole. The magnetic poles are arranged and held by the end holder and the intermediate holder so as to form an annular shape as a whole.

  In FIG. 9, the end holder 17 is an annular insulator, and is provided with teeth holding grooves 24 into which the distal end portion 10 a of the tea score 10 is fitted at a predetermined angular interval (30-degree interval). A shaft through hole 25 through which the boss 6 and the crankshaft 50 can pass is formed in the center of the end holder 17. The end holder 18 is also formed in the same shape as the end holder 19.

  In FIG. 10, the intermediate holder 19 is constituted by twelve partial intermediate holders 26 (only four are shown) arranged in an annular shape. Each of the twelve partial intermediate holders 26 has a recess 26a through which the tee score 10 passes, and is formed in an alphabetic “H” shape as a whole. A rectangular parallelepiped permanent magnet 16 is located on the inner peripheral side of each central portion of the partial intermediate holder 26 (the back surface side in FIG. 10), and among the six surfaces of the permanent magnet 16, the surfaces other than the surface on the partial intermediate holder 26 side are the ends. It is held by the teeth holding grooves 24 of the part holders 17 and 18 and the end faces of the tea scores 10 and 11.

  FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a regulator for controlling the output of the AC generator 1. In FIG. 11, the regulator 27 has two sets of rectifier circuits 28 and 29. The rectifier circuit 28 is for controlling the output of the winding 14, and the rectifier circuit 29 is for controlling the output of the winding 15. The rectifier circuit 28 is a bridge circuit formed of switches 281, 282, 283, and 284 including FETs and diodes connected in parallel to the FETs. Similarly, the rectifier circuit 29 is a bridge circuit including switches 291, 292, 293, and 294. A first changeover switch (comprising a MOSFET and a diode) 30 for selecting the output of the winding 14 is connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 28, and the output of the winding 15 is selected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 29. A second changeover switch (consisting of a MOSFET and a diode) 31 is connected.

  Further, the output sides (sources) of the first changeover switch 30 and the second changeover switch 31 merge and are connected to the input side (source) of the third changeover switch (consisting of a MOSFET and a diode) 32. On the output side of the regulator 27, a smoothing electrolytic capacitor 33, a battery 34 and a load 35 are connected in parallel. As the diode of each switch, a parasitic diode formed between the drain and source of the MOSFET can be used.

  A controller 36 is provided for on / off control of the switches 281 to 284 and 291 to 294 and the changeover switches 30, 31 and 32 of the regulator 27. The controller 36 has an input line for the output voltage Vout of the regulator 27. Switching of the switches 281 to 284 and 291 to 294 and the conduction angle (energization duty) are performed by the control signal 36a so that the output voltage Vout becomes a predetermined value. ) To control.

  The output AC of the windings 14 and 15 is rectified by the rectifier circuits 28 and 29, and the output voltage is controlled or limited by the phase control of the switches 281 to 284 and 291 to 294 and the switching control of the changeover switches 30 to 32. You can do it.

  The controller 36 can have two controllers so that the conduction angles between the rectifier circuit 28 and the rectifier circuit 29 can be individually controlled. By having a control unit for each of the windings 14 and 15, it is possible to freely control the power generation output, the friction and the electromagnetic brake action for each of the windings 14 and 15.

  Below, the control example of the controller 36 is demonstrated. In FIGS. 12, 14, 15, 16, and 18, MOSFETs are indicated by simplified symbols.

  First, an example in which the outputs of the windings 14 and 15 are output in parallel will be described with reference to FIGS. When the rotor 2 rotates, the voltage across the windings 14 and 15 changes to positive and negative. Therefore, the regulator 27 is controlled according to the angle of the rotor 2. For example, at a rotor angle at which a voltage that causes a current to flow in the direction of the arrow 14A (positive direction) is applied to the winding 14, the upper switch 282 and the lower switch 283 of the rectifier circuit 28 are turned on, and the first changeover switch 30 and the first switch 30 3 The switch 32 is turned on. As a result, the current indicated by the arrow A1 flows through the winding 14, and a voltage having a waveform indicated by symbol a in FIG.

  On the other hand, at the rotor angle at which a current flows through the winding 14 in the direction of the arrow 14B (negative direction) and a voltage is applied, the upper switch 281 and the lower switch 284 of the rectifier circuit 28 are turned on, and the first changeover switch 30 and The third changeover switch 32 is turned on. As a result, the current indicated by the arrow A <b> 2 flows through the winding 14, and the voltage indicated by the symbol b in FIG. 13 is generated at the output terminal of the regulator 27. Thus, the voltage induced in the winding 14 is rectified and appears at the output terminal of the regulator 27.

Similarly, at a rotor angle at which a voltage that causes current to flow in the direction of the arrow 15A (positive direction) is applied to the winding 15, the upper switch 292 and the lower switch 293 of the rectifier circuit 29 are turned on, and the second changeover switch 31 and The third changeover switch 32 is turned on. As a result, a current indicated by an arrow A3 flows through the winding 15, and a voltage having a waveform indicated by a symbol c in FIG.

  On the other hand, at the rotor angle at which a current flows through the winding 15 in the direction of the arrow 15B (negative direction) and a voltage is applied, the upper switch 291 and the lower switch 294 of the rectifier circuit 29 are turned on, and the second changeover switch 31 and The third changeover switch 32 is turned on. As a result, the current indicated by the arrow A4 flows through the winding 15, and the voltage indicated by the symbol d in FIG. Thus, the voltage induced in the winding 15 is rectified and appears at the output terminal of the regulator 27.

  Next, a control example for limiting the output of the regulator 27 will be described with reference to FIGS. 14, 15, 16 and 17. In the example of the short-circuit limiting control in FIG. 14, the upper switches 281 and 282 of the rectifier circuit 28 are turned off, and the lower switches 283 and 284 are turned on. As a result, the current flowing through the winding 14 in either direction of arrows 14A and 14B flows through a circuit in which both ends of the winding 15 are short-circuited as indicated by arrows A4 and A5, and no voltage is generated at the output terminal of the regulator 27. That is, the output is limited.

  Similarly, the output of the winding 15 can be limited by turning on only the switches 293 and 294 so that the current flows through the short circuit.

  Here, only one of the windings 14 and 15 is short-circuited to limit the output, and the other is not short-circuited, and output is enabled as shown in FIGS. be able to.

  In the example of the open limit control in FIG. 15, the switches 281 to 284 and 291 to 294 of the rectifier circuits 28 and 29 are switched as in the example illustrated in FIG. 12, but the first switch 30 and the second switch are switched. 31 is kept off. As a result, the output of the regulator 27 can be limited as a result. When the output of only one of the windings 14 and 15 is to be limited, the winding side of the first changeover switch 30 and the second changeover switch 31 that is not restricted is turned on, and the third changeover switch 32 is also turned on. To do.

  16 and 17 will explain the canceling restriction control. In the cancellation limit control, the outputs of the rectifier circuit 28 and the rectifier circuit 29 are reversed by making the output voltages of the rectifier circuit 28 and the rectifier circuit 29 opposite to each other. In FIG. 16, the third changeover switch 32 is turned off, and the switches 281 to 284 and 291 to 294 are switched so that one of the windings 14 and 15 is connected to a pole opposite to the other. FIG. 17 shows an output voltage waveform of the regulator 27 when the cancellation limiting control is performed. Thus, the induced voltage of the winding 14 is rectified and output from the rectifier circuit 28 to a positive voltage, and the induced voltage of the winding 15 is rectified and output from the rectifier circuit 29 to a negative voltage.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of detecting the output of one of the windings 14 and 15 to detect the other magnetic flux change or electromotive force on the same magnetic path and using it for phase control. In FIG. 18, the first changeover switch 30 and the third changeover switch 32 are turned on, and the second changeover switch 31 is turned off. In this state, the switches 281 to 284 of the rectifier circuit 28 and the switches 291 to 294 of the rectifier circuit 29 are turned on / off according to the rotor angle. Since the second changeover switch 31 is off, a voltage is applied to the rectifier circuit 29 but no current flows. Here, the voltage across the rectifier circuit 29 (electromotive voltage of the winding 15) can be detected by the controller 36.

  The current and voltage output from the winding 14 have a phase difference. Therefore, the phase difference can be eliminated by applying a voltage from the battery 34 to the winding 14. Moreover, it is also possible to control the output and the load torque by generating a composite wave of the battery voltage and the induced power (voltage) to arbitrarily change the phase difference between the voltage and the current.

  FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram when voltage is applied from the battery to the windings 14 and 15 so as to change the phase of the electromotive voltage. In the example shown in FIG. 19, the switching of the switches 281 to 284 of the rectifier circuit 28 and the on / off timing are controlled to convert the voltage from the battery 34 into alternating current, and shifted from the phase of the electromotive voltage to the winding 14. Applied. As a result, the phase of the combined voltage of the electromotive voltage and the applied voltage can be shifted from the phase of the electromotive voltage.

  Further, this phase control can be used to reduce the power generation friction to zero. That is, an electromotive voltage of the winding 15 as the sensor winding is detected, and a voltage is applied from the battery 34 to the winding 14 so that the electromotive voltage becomes zero. That is, the rectifier circuit 28 is controlled such that the current due to the voltage applied from the battery 34 to the winding 14 flows in the opposite phase to the current flowing against the magnetic flux change of the permanent magnet 16. In this way, it is possible to reduce the power generation friction among the friction of the AC generator 1 to only mechanical friction.

  Conversely, the power generation friction is increased by controlling the rectifier circuit 28 so that the current due to the voltage applied by the battery 34 to the winding 14 is in phase with the current flowing against the change in the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 16. A resistance force (braking force) against an external force can be generated.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the induced voltage of the two windings 14 and 15 can be output in parallel to charge the battery 34 and supply power to the load 35. It is possible to limit output by short-circuiting both or one of 15. Further, power generation friction can be controlled by phase control.

  By such control, for example, when a vehicle equipped with the AC generator 1 is accelerated, for example, the energization of the windings is controlled so that the engine speed is the same phase in the low rotation range and the opposite phase in the high rotation range. Acceleration performance can be improved by zero generation friction. The battery 34 can be charged by a normal charging method or a phase control method depending on the state of the battery 34 or the vehicle, and the output of both or one of the windings 14 and 15 can be limited. Further, like the rotor 2, it is possible to easily use the power generation friction as a brake means for suppressing the rotational fluctuation of the power transmission system, such as a transmission V belt or a chain connected to the crankshaft 50.

  20 is a front view of an AC generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 20, and the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same or equivalent. Indicates the part. In the second embodiment, there is only one stator 38 of the alternator 100 in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft 50, and the partial stator is not aligned in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft 50 as in the first embodiment. Absent. Instead of providing two rows of partial stators, windings 14 and windings 15 are alternately arranged on 12 magnetic poles. A permanent magnet 40 is provided at the base of the tee score 39 (close to the crankshaft 50 and positioned between the tee scores 39. The magnetic flux formed by the permanent magnet 40 is indicated by reference numeral 43. The amount of the magnetic flux 43 varies depending on the gap G between the end of the magnetic pole, that is, the tip of the tee score 39, and the rotor core 7, as in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a regulator 44 that controls the voltage induced by the windings 14 and 15 of the AC generator 100 shown in FIG. In this circuit, the current is controlled by the Zener diode 45 to adjust the output terminal voltage of the regulator 44, which is a conventionally known open type. Unlike the regulator 27 shown in the first embodiment, many control modes cannot be adopted. However, in the second embodiment, a generator having a permanent magnet 40 on the stator 3 side is replaced with a conventional open regulator. It can be used in various ways as an AC generator using

  In addition, although said two embodiment is an example of a single phase alternating current generator, this invention is not limited to this, It is applicable also to a three phase alternating current generator. In addition, the present invention can be used not only as a generator but also as an electric motor.

  Below, the example which used the rotary electric machine of this invention as a drive source of a vehicle is demonstrated. FIG. 23 is a perspective view from the front right of an electric vehicle to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a drive unit of the electric vehicle. In FIG. 23, the electric vehicle 101 is a two-wheeled vehicle having a front wheel WF and a rear wheel WR.

  The main frame 80 and the pair of left and right lower frames 81 formed of a round pipe material are connected to each other by a reinforcing pipe 82 that extends in the vehicle width direction at the lower end of the main frame 80. Gussets 83 are welded to the left and right lower frames 81. The high voltage battery 85 is held in the gusset 83 by a holding member 84 fixed by a fastening member such as a screw.

  A cargo compartment 86 in which a seat (not shown) is arranged is disposed at the upper part so as to be sandwiched between the left and right rear frames 87, and is close to the slope portion formed in the lower front part of the cargo compartment 86. Converter 88 and contactor 89 are arranged. The DC-DC converter 88 converts the high voltage (72V) of the high voltage battery 31 into a low voltage (12V). A control unit (MGU) 90 is attached to the rear frame 87 on the right side in the vehicle width direction.

  A cross member 91 for connecting the left and right rear frames 6 is disposed on the vehicle body rear side of the DC-DC converter 88 and the contactor 89. A mounting stay 92 having a vertically symmetrical shape for supporting the DC-DC converter 88 and a mounting stay 94 for supporting the contactor 89 are attached to the cross member 91.

  The rear frame 87 is provided with a pivot 93 extending in the vehicle width direction, and a swing arm (not shown in the figure because it is located on the left side of the rear wheel WR) is supported by the pivot 93 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction. . A motor driver 95 supported by a swing arm is disposed between the rear wheel WR and the high voltage battery 85.

  A rear wheel drive power unit 200 is disposed on the left side of the rear wheel WR. The power unit 200 includes a motor and a speed reducer (details will be described later with reference to FIG. 24) having the same structure as the AC generators 1 and 100 described above.

  On the right side of the head pipe 96 in the vehicle width direction, a low voltage battery 97 (for example, 12V) for supplying electric power to electric accessories such as a headlamp and a control device is disposed. The front wheel WF is pivotally supported by a front fork 98 supported by a head pipe 96.

  In FIG. 24, the power unit 200 includes a motor 102 that is concentrated on the rear side of a swing arm (not shown), a centrifugal clutch 103 as a connecting / disconnecting mechanism for a rotational driving force, and a speed reducer 104. Line C in the figure is the center line in the vehicle width direction of the vehicle body.

  The motor 102 includes the stator 3 fixed to the wall portion 105 of the swing arm with a bolt 58 and the outer rotor 2 that rotates on the outer periphery of the stator 3. The rotor 2 is joined to the outer periphery of a cylindrical hub 6a provided at the center thereof, and the hub 6a is rotatably provided on the motor output shaft 53 via a bearing. A permanent magnet 7 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 2.

  The motor output shaft 53 is supported by a bearing 60 fitted in the wall portion 105 of the swing arm and a bearing 59 fitted in the swing arm case 65. Note that the clutch outer 106 of the centrifugal clutch 103 is fastened with one end of the output shaft 53 (the left side in the figure is fastened by a cap nut 66. The head of the cap nut 66 has a small diameter so as to fit the inner ring of the bearing 59. Formed.

  A drive plate 107 having a clutch shoe 106 is joined to an end portion (left end portion in the figure) of the hub 6a.

  The stator 3 is composed of two stator portions as shown in FIG. 2, and windings 14 and 15 are wound around each of the stator portions. An electric wire 108 for supplying current from the motor driver 95 to the windings 14 and 15 is fixed to the wall portion 105. The wall portion 105 is provided with a motor rotation number sensor 109 and is disposed to face the magnetic body 55 attached to the end portion (right end portion in the figure) of the hub 6a.

  The speed reducer 104 is provided between the motor 102 and the rear wheel WF, and has a motor output gear 43a formed at an end portion (right end portion in the drawing) of the motor output shaft 53, a first reduction gear 46, and a second reduction gear. It comprises a gear 45 a and a third reduction gear 47. The first and second reduction gears 46 and 45 a are fixed to an intermediate shaft 48 supported by a bearing 78 fitted in a transmission case 68 and a bearing 79 fitted in a reduction gear case 67. The third reduction gear 47 is fixed to a final output shaft 48 a supported by a bearing 110 fitted in the transmission case 68 and a bearing 111 fitted in the reduction gear case 67. The final output shaft 48 a has an oil seal 112 inside the bearing 82.

  A wheel 56 of the rear wheel WR is fixed to the right output end of the final output shaft 48 a by a nut 113 via a collar 69. A brake drum having a liner 114 is formed on the inner diameter side of the wheel 56, and a pair of upper and lower brake shoes 116 driven by the brake cam 49 about the anchor pin 115 are housed inside the brake drum.

  When power is supplied to the coils 14 and 15 of the stator 3 through the electric wire 108, the power unit 200 having the above configuration generates a magnetic field that cuts off the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 7 of the rotor 2, and the rotor 2 rotates. When the rotational speed of the rotor 2 exceeds the predetermined rotational speed, the centrifugal clutch 103 is connected, the rotation of the rotor 3 is transmitted to the motor output shaft 53, and the final output shaft 48a rotates at the rotational speed decelerated by the speed reducer 104. Then, the rear wheel WR is driven.

  Then, the example which used the rotary electric machine of this invention as a drive source of a hybrid vehicle is demonstrated. FIG. 25 is a right side view of the hybrid motorcycle. The hybrid type motorcycle 300 is equipped with an engine and a motor as drive sources. The motorcycle 300 includes a main frame 303 that protrudes rearward from the head pipe 302 and extends downward, and a lower frame 304 that extends downward and rearward from the head pipe 302. A subframe 305 extends from the lower part of the main frame 303 to the upper and rear sides. Further, a rear frame (not shown) that connects the upper part of the main frame 303 and the upper part of the sub-frame 305 is provided. A fuel tank 306 is provided above the main frame 303, and a seat 307 is provided behind the fuel tank 306 and above the rear frame (not shown).

  A single cylinder engine 301 is provided in a space surrounded by the main frame 303 and the lower frame 304. A crank chamber 308 is provided below the engine.

  A bracket 309 is joined to the rear portion of the main frame 303, and a pivot shaft 310 supported by the bracket 309 and extending in the vehicle width direction is provided. The pivot 310 is a shaft that supports the swing arm 311 so as to be swingable up and down. Near the rear end of the swing arm 311, the rear wheel WR is rotatably supported by the axle 312.

  The rotation of the engine 301 is output via a speed reducer (not shown) and transmitted to the rear wheel WR by a chain 312 hung on a sprocket (not shown).

  A front fork 313 is rotatably supported on the head pipe 302. A top bridge 314 is provided on the front fork 313, and a steering handle 315 is attached to the top bridge 314.

  An axle 316 is fixed to the lower portion of the front fork 313, and the front wheel WF is supported on the axle 316. A motor 318 is incorporated in the wheel 317 of the front wheel WF. A motor power line relay member 320 is attached to the cover 319 of the motor 318, and the power line 321 is drawn from the relay member 320.

  FIG. 26 is a front wheel cross-sectional view of the motorcycle 300. The front wheel WF includes a tire 322 and a wheel 317, and the motor 318 includes a rotor hub 325 supported on the axle 316 by bearings 323 and 323. The rotor hub 325 is connected to the rotor case 4 by a plurality of bolts 334.

  The hub 326 of the wheel 317 is rotatably supported around the axle 316 by a bearing 327 provided on the axle 316 and a bearing 328 provided on the outer periphery of the rotor hub 325. Bearing 328 incorporates a one-way clutch.

  The stator 3 of the motor 318 has the same configuration as that of the generator shown in FIG. 2, and has two sets of cores, and a winding is wound around each core. A permanent magnet 7 is provided on the inner periphery of the rotor case 4. The stator 3 is fixed to the motor cover 319 with a bolt 58. The motor cover 319 is fixed to the axle 316. A relay member 320 for the power line 321 is attached to the outside of the motor cover 319. The power line 321 is held on the relay member 320 by the bush 329.

  A brake disc 331 is attached to the end surface of the hub 326 with a plurality of bolts 330. On one side of the front fork 313, a brake caliper 333 having a brake shoe 332 that can sandwich the brake disk 331 from both sides is provided.

  With this configuration, when a current is supplied from the power line 321 to the winding of the stator 3, a magnetic field that cuts off the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 7 of the rotor 2 is generated, and the rotor case 4 rotates. The rotation of the rotor case 4 is transmitted from the rotor hub 325 to the hub 326 of the wheel 317 via the one-way clutch of the bearing 328, and the front wheel WF is rotated around the axle 316.

  As described above, the hybrid motorcycle 300 can be driven by the two-wheel drive with the rear wheel WR being driven by the power of the engine 301 and the front wheel WF being driven by the power of the motor 318.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Alternator, 2 ... Rotor, 3 ... Stator, 4 ... Rotor case, 6 ... Boss, 7 ... Rotor core, 10, 11 ... Teascore, 14, 15 ... Winding, 16 ... Permanent magnet, 20 ... Magnetic flux, 23 ... Magnetic pole 27 ... Regulator 28, 29 ... Rectifier circuit 30 ... First changeover switch 31 ... Second changeover switch 32 ... Third (final stage) changeover switch 281-284, 291-294 ... MOSFET ( Semiconductor switch)

Claims (9)

A rotor case (4) formed in a cup shape by an annular peripheral wall portion (41) and a disc-shaped bottom portion (42), and fixed to the inner periphery of the annular peripheral wall portion (41), and periodically diameter in the circumferential direction A rotor (2) comprising a rotor core (7) formed in a waveform having a directional dimension (t) changed;
A pair of tee scores (10, 11) aligned in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor (2) and having one end opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core (7), and the tee score (10, 11) A stator (3) comprising windings (14, 15) wound respectively on the two and a permanent magnet (16) disposed on the other end of the two tea scores (10, 11) on the rotor shaft side. Prepared,
A rotation characterized in that a plurality of magnetic poles (23) composed of the teascores (10, 11) and windings (14, 15) are arranged annularly at the same interval as the waveform pitch of the rotor core (7). Electric.   A regulator (27) including a rectifier circuit (28, 29) connected to the output side of the windings (14, 15) wound around the pair of tea scores (10, 11); The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein Changeover switches (30, 31) for opening / closing the output paths of the rectifier circuits (28, 29), respectively;
A final output stage changeover switch (32) provided on a line where the outputs of the respective rectifier circuits (28, 29) are merged;
The generator switch is controlled by controlling the semiconductor switches (281 to 284, 291 to 294), the changeover switches (30, 31), and the final stage changeover switch (32) forming the rectifier circuit (28, 29). The rotating electrical machine according to claim 2, further comprising a controller (36).   The controller (36) detects the output voltage from one (15) of the two windings (14, 15) and the output voltage of the other (14) based on the detected voltage. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein the rotating electrical machine is configured to detect.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to control the generator output by individually controlling the energization phase for every two windings. A rotor case (4) formed in a cup shape by an annular peripheral wall portion (41) and a disc-shaped bottom portion (42), and fixed to the inner periphery of the annular peripheral wall portion (41), and periodically diameter in the circumferential direction A rotor (2) comprising a rotor core (7) formed in a waveform having a directional dimension (t) changed;
A plurality of teascores (39) having one end opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core (7), and two windings (14, 15) alternately wound around each of the teascores (39), A stator (3) comprising a permanent magnet (40) disposed on the other end of the rotor shaft side of the tee score (39),
A rotating electrical machine characterized in that a plurality of magnetic poles composed of the teascore (39) and the windings (14, 15) are annularly arranged at the same interval as the waveform pitch of the rotor core (7).   The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the windings (14, 15) are single-phase windings.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7, wherein the windings (14, 15) are different from each other in at least one of the number of turns and the wire diameter.   The boss (6) connected to the output shaft of the engine is provided in the rotor case (4) so that the rotor (2) can be driven by the engine. The rotating electrical machine described in 1.

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