JP2010221296A - Submerged arc welding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、単一の電極あるいは２本以上の電極を用いてサブマージアーク溶接を行なう方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for performing submerged arc welding using a single electrode or two or more electrodes.
サブマージアーク溶接は、溶融メタルがスラグによって保護されるので、アークが外気から遮断されて安定し、溶接電流を増大させて溶接速度を増速することが可能であるばかりでなく、溶接金属の品質が高く、低温靭性に優れるという効果を有する。さらに、美麗な外観の溶接金属が得られるという利点がある。そのため、様々な分野（たとえば造船，建築，橋梁等）で広く普及している。 In submerged arc welding, the molten metal is protected by slag, so that the arc is shielded from outside air and stable, it is possible not only to increase the welding current and increase the welding speed, but also the quality of the weld metal And has the effect of being excellent in low temperature toughness. Furthermore, there is an advantage that a weld metal having a beautiful appearance can be obtained. Therefore, it is widespread in various fields (for example, shipbuilding, architecture, bridges, etc.).
サブマージアーク溶接は、溶接電流を大きく設定して１パスで溶接を行なう大入熱溶接が可能であるから、施工能率に優れた溶接技術であるが、施工能率のさらなる向上を目的として、溶接速度を高める技術が検討されている。
たとえば特許文献１には、細径の溶接用ワイヤを用いて溶込み深さを増大する技術が開示されている。細径の溶接用ワイヤを使用すればアークが集中するので、溶接電流が同一であっても溶込み深さを増大することが可能であり、溶接速度を増速できる。しかし、入熱が集中することによってＨＡＺの温度が過剰に上昇した後、急激に冷却されて、ＨＡＺの靭性が劣化する。
Submerged arc welding is a welding technique with excellent construction efficiency because it allows large heat input welding with a large welding current and welding in one pass. For the purpose of further improving construction efficiency, welding speed Technology to improve the quality is being studied.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for increasing the penetration depth using a small-diameter welding wire. If a small-diameter welding wire is used, the arc is concentrated, so that the penetration depth can be increased even if the welding current is the same, and the welding speed can be increased. However, after the heat input is concentrated, the HAZ temperature rises excessively, and then is rapidly cooled to deteriorate the toughness of the HAZ.
しかも細径の溶接用ワイヤを用いる場合は、溶接用ワイヤを高速で供給しなければならない。そのため、特殊な溶接装置を使用する必要があり、サブマージアーク溶接の施工コストの上昇を招く。 In addition, when a small-diameter welding wire is used, the welding wire must be supplied at a high speed. Therefore, it is necessary to use a special welding apparatus, and the construction cost of submerged arc welding is increased.
本発明は、溶接速度の増速を達成できるサブマージアーク溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a submerged arc welding method capable of achieving an increase in welding speed.
発明者らは、通常の太さのワイヤ径を有する溶接用ワイヤを用いてサブマージアーク溶接を行ない、溶接速度を増速する技術について調査検討した。そして、溶接用ワイヤに希土類元素（以下、REMという）を添加すると、アークの集中度が向上して、溶接速度の増速が可能になることが分かった。
従来、REMはガスシールドアーク溶接におけるアークを安定させる、あるいは炭酸ガスアーク溶接におけるスパッタを低減させることを目的として溶接用ワイヤに添加されていた。しかし、サブマージアーク溶接で用いる溶接用ワイヤにREMを添加した場合の効果については解明されていなかった。サブマージアーク溶接は、アークがスラグの中で発生するので、スパッタの発生が問題にならない。そのため、溶接用ワイヤにREMを添加する必要性がなかった。
The inventors investigated and examined a technique for increasing the welding speed by performing submerged arc welding using a welding wire having a normal wire diameter. It was also found that when a rare earth element (hereinafter referred to as REM) is added to the welding wire, the arc concentration is improved and the welding speed can be increased.
Conventionally, REM has been added to welding wires for the purpose of stabilizing the arc in gas shielded arc welding or reducing spatter in carbon dioxide arc welding. However, the effect of adding REM to the welding wire used in submerged arc welding has not been elucidated. In the submerged arc welding, since the arc is generated in the slag, the occurrence of spatter is not a problem. Therefore, there was no need to add REM to the welding wire.
そこで発明者らは、サブマージアーク溶接におけるREMの挙動について詳細に研究した。その結果、溶接用ワイヤに添加されたREMが酸化物となって液滴表面に存在し、そのREMから電子が優先的に放出されて、アークの分散を抑制することが判明した。
本発明は、これらの知見に基づいてなされたものである。
すなわち本発明は、単一の、または２本以上の電極で溶接を行なうサブマージアーク溶接方法において、REMを0.01〜１質量％含有する溶接用ワイヤを第１電極で用いるサブマージアーク溶接方法である。
Therefore, the inventors studied in detail the behavior of REM in submerged arc welding. As a result, it was found that REM added to the welding wire becomes an oxide and exists on the surface of the droplet, and electrons are preferentially emitted from the REM, thereby suppressing arc dispersion.
The present invention has been made based on these findings.
That is, the present invention is a submerged arc welding method using a welding wire containing 0.01 to 1% by mass of REM as a first electrode in a submerged arc welding method in which welding is performed with a single electrode or two or more electrodes.
本発明のサブマージアーク溶接方においては、CaＯを30質量％以下含有するフラックスを使用することが好ましい。さらに、第１電極の溶接電流をＩ1（Ａ）とし、第２電極の溶接電流をＩ2（Ａ）として、電流比Ｉ2／Ｉ1を0.65以上とすることが好ましい。
なお、第１電極は、単一の電極を用いる場合はその電極を指し、複数の電極を用いる場合は進行方向の先頭に配置される電極を指す。第２電極は、進行方向の２番目に配置される電極を指す。
In the submerged arc welding method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a flux containing 30% by mass or less of CaO. Further, it is preferable that the welding current of the first electrode is I 1 (A), the welding current of the second electrode is I 2 (A), and the current ratio I 2 / I 1 is 0.65 or more.
In addition, the 1st electrode points out the electrode, when using a single electrode, and points out the electrode arrange | positioned at the head of the advancing direction when using a some electrode. The second electrode refers to an electrode disposed second in the traveling direction.
本発明によれば、サブマージアーク溶接の溶接速度の増速を達成できる。しかも通常の太さのワイヤ径を有する溶接用ワイヤに本発明を適用できるので、従来の溶接装置で施工でき、施工コストの低減に寄与する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the welding speed of submerged arc welding. Moreover, since the present invention can be applied to a welding wire having a normal wire diameter, construction can be performed with a conventional welding apparatus, which contributes to a reduction in construction cost.
本発明では、REMを含有する溶接用ワイヤを使用する。その溶接用ワイヤは、単一の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なう場合には、その電極で使用し、２本以上の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なう場合には、第１電極（すなわち進行方向の先頭に配置される電極）で使用する。溶接用ワイヤのREM含有量が0.01質量％未満では、十分な溶込み深さが得られない。一方、１質量％を超えると、素材の溶製工程でREMを均一に混合することが困難になるばかりでなく、溶接用ワイヤの加工工程で割れが生じる。したがって、溶接用ワイヤのREM含有量は0.01〜１質量％の範囲内とする。 In the present invention, a welding wire containing REM is used. The welding wire is used in the case where submerged arc welding is performed with a single electrode, and the first electrode (that is, the head in the traveling direction) is used in the case where submerged arc welding is performed with two or more electrodes. Electrode). When the REM content of the welding wire is less than 0.01% by mass, a sufficient penetration depth cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when it exceeds 1 mass%, not only it becomes difficult to mix REM uniformly in the raw material melting step, but also cracks occur in the processing step of the welding wire. Therefore, the REM content of the welding wire is in the range of 0.01 to 1% by mass.
その溶接用ワイヤを使用する電極は、直流正極性（すなわち電極を陰極）とすることが好ましい。その理由は、溶込み深さが増大するからである。交流とした場合でも、直流正極性ほどの効果は得られないものの、溶込み深さは増大する。
さらに、適用するフラックスについては、CaＯの含有量が30質量％以下であることが好ましい。フラックスのCaＯ含有量が30質量％を超えると、溶込み深さを増大する効果が得られない。一方、CaＯ含有量が５質量％未満では、スラグの塩基度が低下し、溶接金属の靭性が劣化する。そのため、フラックスのCaＯ含有量は５〜30質量％がより好ましい。
The electrode that uses the welding wire is preferably DC positive (that is, the electrode is a cathode). The reason is that the penetration depth increases. Even when AC is used, the penetration depth increases although the effect as high as DC positive polarity cannot be obtained.
Furthermore, the flux to be applied preferably has a CaO content of 30% by mass or less. When the CaO content of the flux exceeds 30% by mass, the effect of increasing the penetration depth cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the CaO content is less than 5% by mass, the basicity of the slag decreases and the toughness of the weld metal deteriorates. Therefore, the CaO content of the flux is more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
また、２本以上の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なう場合には、進行方向の先頭に配置される電極（すなわち第１電極）と２番目に配置される電極（すなわち第２電極）の電流比を適正に維持することが好ましい。電流比は、第１電極の電流をＩ1（Ａ）とし、第２電極の溶接電流をＩ2（Ａ）として、Ｉ2／Ｉ1で算出される値である。電流比が0.65未満では、溶込みの先端部にスラグが巻き込まれ易くなる。したがって、電流比は0.65以上が好ましい。ただし電流比が0.8を超えると、溶接欠陥が発生し易くなる。そのため、電流比は0.65〜0.8がより好ましい。 In addition, when submerged arc welding is performed with two or more electrodes, the current ratio between the electrode arranged at the head in the traveling direction (ie, the first electrode) and the electrode arranged at the second (ie, the second electrode) is set to It is preferable to maintain it properly. The current ratio is a value calculated by I 2 / I 1 where I 1 (A) is the current of the first electrode and I 2 (A) is the welding current of the second electrode. When the current ratio is less than 0.65, the slag is likely to be caught at the front end of the penetration. Therefore, the current ratio is preferably 0.65 or more. However, if the current ratio exceeds 0.8, welding defects are likely to occur. Therefore, the current ratio is more preferably 0.65 to 0.8.
単一の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なう場合には、電流比を規定する必要はない。 When submerged arc welding is performed with a single electrode, there is no need to define the current ratio.
＜実施例１＞
厚さ12mmのSM490B鋼板に単一の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なった。開先はＩ形開先とし、裏面側と表面側から両面１層溶接を行なった。サブマージアーク溶接の溶接電流，溶接電圧，溶接速度および極性は表３に示す通りである。表３中のワイヤ記号Ａ，Ｂとフラックス記号ａ，ｄは、それぞれ表１，２に対応する。
<Example 1>
Submerged arc welding was performed on a SM490B steel plate with a thickness of 12 mm using a single electrode. The groove was an I-shaped groove, and double-sided single-layer welding was performed from the back side and the front side. Table 3 shows the welding current, welding voltage, welding speed and polarity of submerged arc welding. Wire symbols A and B and flux symbols a and d in Table 3 correspond to Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
表３に示す比較例（すなわち溶接番号４）は、REMを含有しない溶接用ワイヤを用いた例である。これに対して、REMを含有する溶接用ワイヤを用いた発明例（すなわち溶接番号１，３，６，７）では、十分な溶込み深さが得られるので、溶接速度を増速できた。溶接番号２は、逆極性でサブマージアーク溶接を行なったので、溶接速度が溶接番号１，３に比べて遅かった。フラックスのCaＯが32質量％でかつ逆極性の溶接番号５も、溶込み深さが浅いため、溶接速度が遅かった。溶接番号６は、フラックスのCaＯがやや多いが、REMを含有する溶接用ワイヤを用いて正極性で溶接することによって、溶接番号５に比べて溶接速度の増速効果が得られた。
＜実施例２＞
厚さ28mmのSM490C鋼板に２本の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なった。開先角度を40°とし、ルートフェースを２〜６mmとして角継手を作製し、片面１層溶接を行なった。サブマージアーク溶接の溶接電流，溶接電圧，溶接速度，極性および開先形状は表４に示す通りである。表４中のワイヤ記号Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅとフラックス記号ｂは、それぞれ表１，２に対応する。使用したフラックスｂはCaＣＯ3を19質量％含有しているが、溶接時にCaＣＯ3がCaＯとＣＯ2に分解するので、CaＯは７質量％＋19質量％×0.56＝17.6質量％含有するものとした。
The comparative example (namely, welding number 4) shown in Table 3 is an example using the welding wire which does not contain REM. On the other hand, in the invention example using the welding wire containing REM (that is, welding numbers 1, 3, 6, and 7), a sufficient penetration depth was obtained, so that the welding speed could be increased. Since welding number 2 performed submerged arc welding with reverse polarity, the welding speed was slower than welding numbers 1 and 3. Also, welding No. 5 having a flux CaO of 32 mass% and a reverse polarity had a low welding depth, so the welding speed was slow. Although welding No. 6 had a slightly higher amount of CaO in the flux, welding speed increased compared to welding No. 5 was obtained by welding with a positive polarity using a welding wire containing REM.
<Example 2>
Submerged arc welding was performed on a 28 mm thick SM490C steel plate with two electrodes. Square joints were manufactured with a groove angle of 40 ° and a root face of 2 to 6 mm, and single-sided single-layer welding was performed. Table 4 shows the welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, polarity and groove shape of the submerged arc welding. The wire symbols C, D, E and the flux symbol b in Table 4 correspond to Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Although the flux b used contains a CaCO 3 19 wt%, the CaCO 3 is decomposed into CaO and CO 2 during welding, CaO was one containing 7 wt% + 19 wt% × 0.56 = 17.6% by weight .
表４に示す比較例（すなわち溶接番号10）は、REMを含有しない溶接用ワイヤを第１電極で用いた例である。これに対して、REMを含有する溶接用ワイヤを第１電極で用いた発明例（すなわち溶接番号８）では、十分な溶込み深さが得られるので、溶接速度を増速できた。
なお、比較例である溶接番号９では、使用した溶接用ワイヤのREM含有量が本発明の範囲を外れるので、溶接速度を増速できなかった。
＜実施例３＞
厚さ25.4mmのAPIX65鋼板に４本の電極でサブマージアーク溶接を行なった。開先はＸ開先とし、裏面側と表面側から両面１層溶接を行なった。サブマージアーク溶接の溶接電流，溶接電圧，溶接速度，極性，電流比および開先形状は表５，６に示す通りである。表５中のワイヤ記号Ｆ，Ｇとフラックス記号ｃは、それぞれ表１，２に対応する。
The comparative example (namely, welding number 10) shown in Table 4 is an example in which a welding wire not containing REM was used as the first electrode. In contrast, in the invention example (ie, welding number 8) in which a welding wire containing REM was used for the first electrode, a sufficient penetration depth was obtained, so that the welding speed could be increased.
In addition, in welding number 9, which is a comparative example, the welding speed could not be increased because the REM content of the welding wire used was outside the scope of the present invention.
<Example 3>
Submerged arc welding was performed on APIX65 steel plate with a thickness of 25.4 mm with four electrodes. The groove was an X groove, and double-sided single-layer welding was performed from the back side and the front side. Tables 5 and 6 show the welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, polarity, current ratio, and groove shape of submerged arc welding. The wire symbols F and G and the flux symbol c in Table 5 correspond to Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
表６に示す比較例（すなわち溶接番号13）は、REMを含有しない溶接用ワイヤを第１電極で用いた例である。これに対して、REMを含有する溶接用ワイヤを第１電極で用いた発明例（すなわち溶接番号11，12）では、十分な溶込み深さが得られるので、溶接速度を増速できた。ただし溶接番号12は、第１電極と第２電極の電流比が0.65未満であるので、スラグ巻込みの溶接欠陥が発生した。 The comparative example (namely, welding number 13) shown in Table 6 is an example in which a welding wire not containing REM was used as the first electrode. On the other hand, in the invention example using the welding wire containing REM as the first electrode (that is, welding numbers 11 and 12), a sufficient penetration depth was obtained, so that the welding speed could be increased. However, in welding number 12, since the current ratio between the first electrode and the second electrode was less than 0.65, a welding defect involving slag occurred.
サブマージアーク溶接の溶接速度の増速を達成でき、施工コストの低減に寄与するので、産業上格段の効果を奏する。
Since the welding speed of submerged arc welding can be increased and it contributes to the reduction of construction costs, it has a remarkable industrial effect.
Claims (3)
The current ratio I 2 / I 1 is 0.65 or more, wherein the welding current of the first electrode is I 1 (A) and the welding current of the second electrode is I 2 (A). The submerged arc welding method according to 2.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102922157A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 南通港闸船舶制造有限公司 | Ship welding method |
| CN104084679A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 南通港闸船舶制造有限公司 | Manufacturing method for cutter suction dredger |
| JP2016193444A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Multi-electrode one surface single layer submerged arc welding method |
| JP2017213569A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Submerged arc welding method |
-
2010
- 2010-02-24 JP JP2010038235A patent/JP2010221296A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102922157A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 南通港闸船舶制造有限公司 | Ship welding method |
| CN104084679A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 南通港闸船舶制造有限公司 | Manufacturing method for cutter suction dredger |
| JP2016193444A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Multi-electrode one surface single layer submerged arc welding method |
| JP2017213569A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Submerged arc welding method |
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