JP2010196356A - Shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield machine used for excavating the wall surface of an existing tunnel and which can reduce the load of a bit which cuts the wall surface of the existing tunnel. <P>SOLUTION: The shield machine is used for excavating another tunnel which merges with or branches off from the existing tunnel and is provided with a cutting part and an injection part. The cutting part provided at the tip of the shield machine cuts a lining material which constitutes at least part of the wall surface of the existing tunnel. The injection part provided at the tip of the shield machine injects high pressure water into the lining material which is cut by the cutting part, and the high pressure water has pressure adequate for cutting the surface of the lining material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine technology.

  The shield tunnel assembles the segments that make up the tunnel wall in the rear part of the shield machine, applies a reaction force to the front of the assembled segment, and the jack at the rear of the shield machine propels the shield machine, propelling one segment of the ring Each time the process is completed, a new segment is assembled, and thereafter, the shield machine is propelled and the segment is assembled repeatedly.

  In the case of a shield tunnel having a general circular cross section, each segment is an arc-shaped block body divided at a predetermined interval with respect to the center of the tunnel wall body. Conventionally, an RC segment or a steel segment has been used as the segment.

  By the way, as a technology for branching or joining a new tunnel to an existing tunnel, a segment reinforcing material (carbon) that can easily cut a part of the wall of the existing tunnel (a part to be branched or joined) by a shield machine. A technique (Patent Document 1) configured by a lining material using fibers as a reinforcing material is known. According to the invention of this patent document 1, the shield machine itself can tear down the existing tunnel and perform the excavation of the tunnel as it is. Accordingly, ground improvement and wall demolition work are not required, and costs can be reduced, construction periods can be shortened, and safety can be improved.

Japanese Patent No. 2751636

  However, when the technique of Patent Document 1 is implemented, there are the following difficult problems. In other words, the segment reinforcement (the lining material using carbon fiber as a reinforcing material) has a structure premised on cutting, but it is expected to function as a structural member that receives soil water pressure until the start of cutting. Appropriate strength and hardness are required.

  For this reason, when forcibly scavenging a segment reinforcement (carbon fiber lining material) with a certain degree of strength with a bit of a shield machine, (1) the cutting speed of the shield machine is slow. There is a problem that (2) vibration noise is generated at the time of cutting, and (3) the bit wears quickly, and improvement thereof is desired.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is a shield machine that excavates another tunnel that joins or branches to an existing tunnel, and includes a cutting unit that cuts the wall surface of the existing tunnel. It aims at providing the shield machine which reduces a load.

In the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problem, high-pressure water is jetted onto a wall surface to be cut by a cutting portion that cuts the wall surface of an existing tunnel, and the wall surface is cut. In other words, the wall surface to be cut by the cutting portion that cuts the wall surface of the existing tunnel is subjected to the roughening treatment by jetting high-pressure water. This reduces the contact area between the cutting part and the wall surface cut by the cutting part,
As a result, the load on the cutting part is reduced.

  Specifically, the present invention is a shield machine for excavating another tunnel that joins or branches to an existing tunnel, and is provided at the tip of the shield machine, and at least of the wall surface of the existing tunnel A cutting part that cuts a part of the lining material, and a pressure that is provided at the tip of the shield machine and that cuts the surface of the lining material against the covering material that the cutting part cuts. An injection unit that injects the high-pressure water.

  The shield machine according to the present invention excavates another tunnel by cutting the wall surface of the existing tunnel when branching or joining another tunnel to the existing tunnel that has been excavated. It can be suitably used as a shield machine. In particular, the shield machine according to the present invention is configured by cutting a wall surface of an existing tunnel in which an area where another tunnel is branched or merged is formed by a lining material that can be easily cut later by the shield machine. Can be suitably used as a shield machine for excavating the slab.

  A cutting part cuts the covering material which comprises at least one part of the wall surface of the existing tunnel. However, the cutting part can cut not only the lining material but also earth and sand in another tunnel that branches or merges with the existing tunnel. The lining material preferably has a sufficient strength and is made of a material that is easy to cut when another tunnel is branched or merged. Examples of the lining material include concrete using a reinforcing material formed by impregnating a resin with at least one of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or vinylon. In addition, the wall surface of the existing tunnel may be entirely constituted by the lining material, or only a part may be constituted by the lining material.

  The spray unit sprays high-pressure water onto the covering material cut by the cutting unit, and scrapes the surface of the covering material. As a result, the surface of the lining material on which the high pressure water has been jetted is shaved. Thereby, compared with the case where the contact area between the cutting portion and the surface of the lining material when cutting the surface of the lining material by the cutting portion is not cut by injecting high-pressure water onto the surface of the lining material, Reduced. That is, it is possible to reduce the load on the injection unit by injecting high-pressure water onto the lining material by the injection unit. Further, by reducing the load on the injection unit, it is possible to improve the cutting speed of the shield machine and reduce the vibration loss sound during cutting. Furthermore, for example, when the cutting part is constituted by a bit, wear of the bit can be reduced.

  Moreover, in the shield machine according to the present invention, the cutting portion may have a plurality of bits for cutting the lining material. Moreover, an injection part can be set as the structure which has a some injection port corresponding to each of a some bit. In this case, the injection port injects high-pressure water to the area of the lining material that the bit corresponding to the injection port cuts. By providing an injection unit for each bit, the load on each bit can be reduced.

  Here, the shield machine according to the present invention may have the following modes, for example. That is, the tip portion is disc-shaped and is configured to rotate about the central axis of the shield machine parallel to the digging direction of the reel machine when the shield machine is dug. be able to. And the said cutting part can be comprised so that the said covering material may be cut, rotating in the circumferential direction of the said front-end | tip part with rotation of the said front-end | tip part. The injection unit is connected to the tip part so as to be movable in the radial direction of the tip part, rotates in the radial direction with the rotation of the tip part, and moves while moving in the circumferential direction. It can comprise so that high pressure water may be injected with respect to a material. By making the injection part movable with respect to the tip part, the surface of the lining material can be more effectively shaved.

The reinforcing material constituting the lining material to be cut at the cutting portion according to the present invention can be directly cut at the cutting portion, and is a fiber reinforced resin (CFRP = A continuous fiber reinforcing material such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is exemplified, and according to such a kneaded fiber reinforcing material, it is possible to achieve both cutting performance and strength. In addition, the lining material is formed in a lattice shape by superposing a plurality of segment lattice-like reinforcing materials formed by forming the reinforcing material in a sheet shape in the concrete, so that the segment reinforcing material is previously formed according to the shape of the segment. This is not necessary and has versatility, so that the manufacturing cost can be kept low.

  Carbon fiber is suitable as a fiber to be used for such purposes because it can easily obtain CFRP having a high elastic modulus comparable to that of a reinforcing bar and has excellent machinability. However, it is allowed to use glass fibers and aramid fibers in combination for the purpose of providing an auxiliary function even in the fiber orientation other than the axial direction and in the axial direction.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a shield machine that excavates another tunnel that joins or branches to an existing tunnel, and that reduces the load on a cutting portion that cuts the wall surface of the existing tunnel. be able to.

The figure explaining the construction method of the tunnel excavated with the shield machine which concerns on embodiment is shown. It is explanatory drawing of the shield machine which concerns on embodiment. It is AA sectional drawing of Fig.2 (a), and shows the partial detail drawing of an open type | formula cutter pork. It is explanatory drawing of a roughening process. It is an image figure explaining the roughening process. It is explanatory drawing of the shield machine which concerns on other embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the open type spoke in the shield machine according to another embodiment. The locus | trajectory of the groove | channel formed with the high pressure water of the water nozzle of the shield machine which concerns on other embodiment is shown.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment according to a shield machine of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Drawing 1 shows the figure explaining the construction method of the tunnel excavated with the shield machine concerning an embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 1 shows that the shield tunneling machine 10 uses the first tunnel 50a and the existing tunnel 50b (hereinafter referred to as the second preceding tunnel) 50b. A state in which a new tunnel (corresponding to another tunnel of the present invention, hereinafter referred to as a subsequent tunnel) 51 connecting the preceding tunnel 50a and the second preceding tunnel 50b is shown. The walls of the first preceding tunnel 50a and the second preceding tunnel 50b are constituted by a segment reinforcing material (a lining material using carbon fiber as a reinforcing material and corresponding to the lining material according to the present invention) S. . The segment reinforcing material S may be provided only at the connection portions (also referred to as branching / merging portions) 53a and 53b between the preceding tunnels 50a and 50b and the subsequent tunnel 51. As the segment reinforcing material S, for example, carbon fibers are mainly used as the reinforcing fibers in the axial direction so that cutting can be performed directly with the bit of the shield machine 10 (details of the shield machine will be described later). A continuous fiber reinforcing material such as a fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) is used. Such a segment reinforcing material can achieve both machinability and strength. In addition, the segment reinforcing material S is formed into a sheet shape and used as a lattice material by superimposing a plurality of pieces in a lattice shape in concrete, so that it is not necessary to form the segment reinforcing material according to the segment shape in advance. The manufacturing cost can be kept low.

  The shield machine 10 according to the present embodiment is installed in the first preceding tunnel 50a, cuts the segment reinforcing material S constituting the connection portion 53a of the first preceding tunnel 50a, and excavates the subsequent tunnel 51. Then, when excavation of the trailing tunnel 51 proceeds, the segment reinforcing material S constituting the connection portion 53b of the second preceding tunnel 50b provided at the tip of the trailing tunnel is cut. When the cutting of the segment reinforcement constituting the connecting portion 53b of the second preceding tunnel 50b is completed, the construction of the subsequent tunnel 51 that connects the first preceding tunnel 50a and the second preceding tunnel 50b is completed. Hereinafter, the shield machine 10 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

[Configuration of shield machine]
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a shield machine according to the embodiment, FIG. 2 (a) is a front view of the shield machine, and FIG. 2 (b) is a side view showing a main part of the shield machine in a longitudinal direction. Show. The shield machine 10 rotates a cutter head 12 provided on the front surface of the shield 11 with a drive motor M to excavate the face, and fills the chamber 15 between the partition wall 14 and the face with pressurized mud water. It is a normal muddy water shield type that stabilizes the face and takes the excavated earth and sand into the muddy water and transports it as waste mud water. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 16 is a shield jack, and reference numeral 17 is an erector for segment assembly. A known technique is applied to a propulsion device such as a shield jack for excavation.

  The cutter head 12 is provided with an open-type cutter pork 30 and a ring cutter 40 supported by the open-type cutter pork 30. In the present embodiment, five open-type cutter spokes 30 are provided, and the five open-type cutter spokes 30 are arranged radially so as to extend in the radial direction from the central axis 18 of the shield machine 10. Each of the five open-type cutter spokes 30 is provided with a plurality of preceding bits 13a, cutter bits 13b, and water jet nozzles 20 along the longitudinal direction of each of the cutter spokes 30.

  Here, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. The leading bit 13a is a bit that is cut prior to the cutter bit 13b, and is on the central axis of the open-type cutter pork 30 and protrudes to the front side of the shield machine 10, in other words, to the face side. It is provided in the open-type cutter pork 30. Cutter bits 13b are provided on both sides of the preceding bit 13a, that is, on both sides of the preceding bit 13a in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the open-type cutter spoke 30 and spaced from the preceding bit 13a. The leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b correspond to the cutting portion of the present invention. The leading end of the leading bit 13a protrudes to the front side of the shield machine 10 than the leading end of the cutter bit 13b. Therefore, the leading bit 13a cuts ahead of the cutter bit 13b. A water jet nozzle 20 is provided between the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b. The preceding bit 13a, the two cutter bits 13b provided on both sides of the preceding bit 13a, and the two water jet nozzles 20 provided between the preceding bit 13a and the two cutter bits 13b are used as one unit. A plurality of such units are provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of each open-type cutter pork 30. Then, the open-type cutter spoke 30 provided with a plurality of units rotates integrally with the cutter head 12, and the segment reinforcing material S can be cut. The details of the water jet nozzle 20 will be described later.

[Water jet nozzle]
The water jet nozzle 20 corresponds to an injection portion of the present invention, and injects high-pressure water onto the segment reinforcing material S cut by the preceding bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b. The water jet nozzle 20 according to the present embodiment is accommodated in the open-type cutter pork 30, and only the injection port 25 is exposed to the outside. The water jet nozzle 20 includes a high pressure water hose 2.
1 is connected, and the other end of the high-pressure water hose 21 is connected to a booster 22 for further boosting high-pressure water supplied from a high-pressure water supply unit (not shown) provided in the shield 11. ing. In the present embodiment, the high-pressure water supplied from the high-pressure water supply unit is further increased in pressure of the high-pressure water by the pressure increasing device 22 and is injected from the injection ports 25 of each water jet nozzle 20. The pressure of the high-pressure water can be appropriately set according to the material of the segment reinforcing material S as the pressure that can cut the surface of the segment reinforcing material S.

  As described above, the water jet nozzle 20 is provided between the leading bit 13a and the two cutter bits 13b (see FIG. 3), and the leading bit 13a and the two cutter bits 13b constituting each unit are cut. High-pressure water is sprayed onto the region of the segment reinforcing material S. As a result, the surface of the segment reinforcing material S is shaved in the region where the high-pressure water is injected. In other words, the surface of the segment reinforcing material S is roughened. As a result, the contact area between the preceding bit 13a, the two cutter bits 13b, and the face is reduced, and the load on the preceding bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b is reduced.

[Roughening]
Here, the roughening process performed by the water jet nozzle 20 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the roughening process. Specifically, FIG. 4A shows a state before the roughening process, and FIG. 4B shows a state after the start of the roughing process. The shield machine 10 according to the present embodiment includes the water jet nozzle 20 so that high-pressure water is ejected from the ejection port 25 of the water jet nozzle 20 (see FIG. 4A). The high-pressure water is indicated by a black arrow in FIG. When the injected high-pressure water contacts the surface of the segment reinforcing material S, the surface of the segment reinforcing material S is shaved. The leading bit 13 a, the two cutter bits 13 b, and the two water jet nozzles 20 rotate with the open-type cutter spoke 30. The front bit 13a, the two cutter bits 13b, and the two water jet nozzles 20 constituting one unit always move on the same circumference when the open-type cutter pork 30 rotates. Go to the side.

  FIG. 5 is an image diagram for explaining the roughening processing. FIG. 5A shows a time series image of the relationship between the high-pressure water and the preceding bit, and FIG. The cross section of the circumferential direction on the circumference where a bit moves is shown. A white arrow in FIG. 5A indicates the traveling direction of the preceding bit 13a. Note that the advance direction of the preceding bit in FIG. 5B is the front side of the page. In the situation where the shield machine 10 is digging, the leading bit 13 a, the two cutter bits 13 b, and the two water jet nozzles 20 are rotating together with the open-type cutter pork 30. Since the water jet nozzles 20 are provided on both sides of the leading bit 13a, the leading bit 13a is a region that is roughened by high-pressure water, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). (In this embodiment, the circumferential region is always advanced), and the roughened region is cut. In FIG. 5, only the leading bit 13a is shown, but the cutter bit 13b is also always cut in the area roughened by the high-pressure water, like the leading bit 13a.

  According to the shield machine according to the embodiment described above, the area where the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b are in contact with the segment reinforcing material S is reduced by the roughening process, and the resistance on the segment reinforcing material side against the cutting process is reduced. Can be greatly reduced. And it becomes possible to reduce the load of the preceding bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b by injecting high pressure water with respect to the segment reinforcement material S by the water jet nozzle 20. FIG. Further, by reducing the load on the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b, it is possible to improve the cutting speed of the shield machine 10 and to reduce vibration loss sound during cutting. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce wear of the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b.

[Example]
When cutting and cutting a bit at a rotational speed of 1 rpm using a shield with a cutter head 12 diameter of 8 m, comparison is made between when roughing is performed with high-pressure water and when roughing is not performed. did. In other words, the excavation was compared between the shield machine 10 according to the embodiment and the conventional shield machine without the water jet nozzle 20. In the roughening process, the rotational speed of the cutter bit 12 was 1 rpm, the sliding speed of the outermost peripheral bit of the cutter head 12 was about 50 cm / second, and the roughening depth was 1 mm or more.

[Results of Examples]
As a result of the roughening process, the cutting speed was 5 mm / min in the conventional technique, but a speed of 30 mm / min was obtained. Moreover, the generation of noise and vibration associated with cutting was reduced as compared with the conventional technique. Further, the wear amount of the bit was smaller than that of the conventional technique. According to this embodiment, the workability of starting and reaching the shield is improved, and the construction period can be shortened. Further, since the resistance of the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b is reduced, the generation of noise and vibration associated with cutting is reduced, and the surrounding environment can be maintained.

[Another embodiment (for grooving)]
Next, a shield machine according to another embodiment will be described. The difference between the above-described embodiment and this another embodiment is that the water jet nozzle (shown as the water jet nozzle injection port 25a in FIGS. 6 and 7) is movable in the radial direction of the cutter head 12. It is a point arranged in.

  FIG. 6 is a shield machine according to another embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of an open-type spoke in the shield machine according to another embodiment. Moreover, FIG. 8 shows the locus | trajectory of the groove | channel formed with the high pressure water of the water nozzle of the shield machine which concerns on other embodiment. The water jet nozzle according to the present embodiment is provided in the open-type cutter spoke 30 so as to be capable of reciprocating in the axial direction of the open-type cutter spoke 30. Such a water jet nozzle according to another embodiment can be realized by providing a drive motor for the water jet nozzle and a cam mechanism or a slide mechanism for reciprocating the water jet nozzle. In addition, with respect to the open-type cutter pork 30, the hole in which the injection port 25a is disposed is formed in a vertically long shape along the axial direction of the open-type cutter pork 30 so that high-pressure water can be ejected from a reciprocating water jet nozzle. What is necessary is just to form. The water jet nozzle may be configured to be rotatable on the base end side of the water jet nozzle, that is, on the high-pressure water hose side, and the injection port 25a may swing in the axial direction of the open-type spoke 30.

  In the shield machine 10 according to the present embodiment, the water jet nozzle reciprocates in the axial direction of the open-type cutter pork 30. The operation of the cutter head 12 and the like is the same as the operation in the shield machine 10 according to the embodiment described above. Therefore, in the shield machine 10 described above, the water jet nozzle 20 merely moves on the same circumference, but in the shield machine 10 according to the present embodiment, the water jet nozzle reciprocates. As shown in FIG. 8, zigzag grooves can be formed. As a result, as compared with the shield machine 10 according to the above-described embodiment, the structure of the segment reinforcing material S in contact with the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b can be further weakened, and the leading bit 13a. In addition, the load on the cutter bit 13b can be reduced. This makes it possible to improve bit cutting and cutting efficiency.

[Comparison between another embodiment (in the case of grooving) and the conventional technique (in the case where pre-processing is not performed)]
As a result of grooving, the cutting speed was 5 mm / min in the prior art, whereas a speed of 30 mm / min was obtained. Moreover, the generation of noise and vibration associated with cutting was reduced as compared with the conventional technique. Further, the wear amount of the bit was smaller than that of the conventional technique.

  In this other embodiment (in the case of grooving), the workability of starting and reaching the shield is improved and the work period can be shortened in the same manner as in the case of the roughening process. Further, since the resistance of the leading bit 13a and the cutter bit 13b is reduced, the generation of noise and vibration associated with cutting is reduced, and the surrounding environment can be maintained.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a shield tunnel branching / merging technique that is used when a subsequent tunnel enters a preceding tunnel and the subsequent tunnel joins or branches to the preceding tunnel, and in particular, a tunnel branching / merging technique. It is effective for a shield machine used for tunnel walls.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Shield machine 11 Shield 12 Cutter head 13a Lead bit 13b Cutter bit 14 Bulkhead 15 Chamber 16 Shield jack 17 Elector 20 for segment assembly Water jet nozzle 30 Open-type cutter pork M Drive motor S Segment reinforcement (lining material)

Claims (5)

A shield machine that excavates another tunnel that merges or branches to an existing tunnel,
A cutting part that is provided at a tip of the shield machine, and that cuts a covering material that forms at least a part of the wall surface of the existing tunnel;
A shield machine provided at a tip portion of the shield machine, and an injection unit that injects high-pressure water having a pressure for cutting the surface of the cover material to the cover material cut by the cutting unit. .   The said injection part reduces the load at the time of this cutting part cutting a covering material by injecting high pressure water with respect to the said covering material, and cutting the surface of the covering material which the said cutting part cuts The shield machine according to claim 1. The cutting portion has a plurality of bits for cutting the lining material,
The injection unit has a plurality of injection ports corresponding to each of the plurality of bits,
3. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the injection port injects high-pressure water to a region of a lining material cut by a bit corresponding to the injection port. The tip portion is disc-shaped, and when the shield machine is excavated, it rotates with the central axis of the shield machine parallel to the direction of the shield machine as a rotation axis,
The cutting part cuts the lining material while rotating in the circumferential direction of the tip part with the rotation of the tip part,
The injection part is connected to the tip part movably in the radial direction of the tip part, rotates in the circumferential direction as the tip part rotates, and moves to the lining material while moving in the radial direction. The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein high-pressure water is jetted against the shield machine.   The cutting part cuts the lining material composed of concrete using a reinforcing material formed by impregnating a resin with at least one of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or vinylon, The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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