JP2010185838A - Apparatus for detecting shaft vibration of rotating device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect vibrations of a rotating device with high reproducibility without complicating a detection structure by devising a shaft vibration detection principle in the rotating device. <P>SOLUTION: An apparatus includes: a disk member 50 having a plurality of tooth parts 51 on the outer circumference thereof, attached to the rotating shaft 90 of the rotating device, and rotating together with the rotating shaft 90; a plurality of sets of reflective X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 40 disposed in proximity to the outer circumference of the disk member 50, irradiating the outer circumference of the disk member 50 with light, and receiving light reflected from the tooth parts 51; and a signal processing section 67 processing X-axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2, and Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2 obtained from the respective sensors, wherein each set of sensor being disposed at a position facing each other across the disk member 50. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating machine shaft vibration detecting device applicable to a shaft vibration detecting (measuring) mechanism in a rotating shaft of a hydro turbine generator of a hydroelectric power plant.

  Conventionally, a hydroelectric generator has been installed in a hydroelectric power plant. The turbine generator has a rotating shaft. A rotation detection device (SSG: Signal Speed Generator) is attached to the rotation shaft of the water turbine generator, and governor control is executed so that the rotation speed of the generator does not rise above a certain level. In SSG, light is irradiated from a proximity switch (signal generator) to a rotating body (toothed disk), and the number of rotations is measured by counting the reflected signals.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the rotation detection device 1 according to this type of conventional example, and FIG. 8 is a time chart showing an example of its operation. The rotation detection device 1 shown in FIG. 7 includes the rotation detection unit 7, two proximity switch X1 sensors 10 and Y1 sensor 30, and a disk member 50 with rotation detection teeth. . The X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30 are composed of reflective optical sensors.

  The disk member 50 has twelve teeth 51 on the outer periphery and is attached to the rotating shaft 90 (main shaft) of the turbine generator. The X1 sensor 10 is arranged on the X axis in the orthogonal coordinate system, and the Y1 sensor 30 is arranged on the Y axis. In the orthogonal coordinate system of this example, the X axis and the Y axis with the axis of the rotation shaft 90 as the origin are defined on a plane having the rotation axis 90 of the turbine generator as the normal direction Z (n).

  The X1 sensor 10 irradiates light on the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50, and receives light reflected from the tooth portion 51 to turn on, and generates an X-axis pulse signal SX1. The Y1 sensor 30 irradiates light on the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50, and receives light reflected from the tooth portion 51 to turn on, and generates a Y-axis pulse signal SY1. When light is irradiated between the tooth portion 51 and the tooth portion 51, a light receiving element (not shown) is turned off. Thereby, the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30 function as a proximity switch that outputs an X-axis pulse signal SX1 and an ON / OFF signal that forms the Y-axis pulse signal SY1.

  The rotation detector 7 is connected to the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30. The rotation detector 7 has a counter and inputs the X-axis pulse signal SX1 and Y-axis pulse signal SY1 obtained from the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30, and measures the number of pulses. The number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 as shown in FIG. 8A and the number of pulses of the Y-axis pulse signal SY1 as shown in FIG. 8B are added, and the added value is averaged (1/2), and the average value is obtained. Is output to the higher-order control system as rotation detection information indicating the rotation speed. The rotation detection information is converted (V) into a voltage. In the figure, the voltage conversion waveform is indicated by a broken line. The upper control system is provided on a switchboard or the like.

  In the upper control system, the rotational speed of the water turbine generator is detected, the frequency control (governor control) of the governor is executed, and the water turbine generator is protected from high rotation. When the turbine generator is rotated at a high speed, it causes shaft vibration. Depending on the state of shaft vibration, there is a risk of serious damage to rotating equipment such as a turbine generator.

  With respect to the axial vibration of this type of rotating device, Patent Document 1 discloses an axial vibration monitoring system. This shaft vibration monitoring system includes shaft vibration detection means, vibration waveform capture means, vibration characteristic database, and vibration characteristic comparison calculation means. The shaft vibration detecting means detects shaft vibration of the rotating machine. The vibration waveform capturing means captures the vibration waveform detected by the shaft vibration detection means.

  The vibration characteristic calculation means calculates vibration characteristic data based on the vibration waveform acquired by the vibration waveform acquisition means. The vibration characteristic database stores vibration characteristic reference data corresponding to the shaft vibration phenomenon at the time of abnormality. Here, the shaft vibration phenomenon means a state in which shaft vibration is generated around the thrust metal when vibration is generated in all the rotating bodies connected to the main shaft. The vibration waveform generated here can always display the determination result by the strength of the sine wave.

  The vibration characteristic comparison calculation means compares the vibration characteristic reference data calculated by the vibration characteristic calculation means with the vibration characteristic data read from the vibration characteristic database. Based on this assumption, the vibration characteristic calculation means obtains the time / frequency characteristics of the vibration amplitude by time / frequency analysis, and calculates the vibration occurrence frequency at each frequency of the time / frequency analysis result as vibration characteristic data. To be made.

  By configuring the system in this way, accidental unsteady abnormal vibration phenomena such as when bearing oil supply is insufficient can be reliably detected even when the vibration amplitude at the abnormal vibration frequency at the initial stage of abnormality occurrence is small. .

  Regarding the diagnosis of a rotating body, Patent Document 2 discloses a rotating body diagnostic apparatus. According to this rotating body diagnostic apparatus, a vibration sensor, an A / D converter, a frequency conversion unit, a rotation speed sensor, a database, a correction unit, and a determination unit are provided. The vibration sensor measures the shaft vibration of the rotating body and outputs an electrical signal to the A / D converter. The A / D converter converts the electrical signal of the vibration sensor into a digital signal. The frequency converter converts the frequency of the shaft vibration digital signal output from the A / D converter and outputs an observed frequency spectrum. The rotation speed sensor measures the shaft rotation speed of the rotating body and outputs the rotation speed.

  On the other hand, a standard pattern when the rotating body is in a normal state or an abnormal state is stored in the database with respect to frequency information of the shaft vibration. The correction unit corrects the standard pattern read from the database according to the rotational speed of the rotating body measured by the rotational speed sensor. On the premise of this, the determination unit compares the standard pattern corrected by the correction unit with the observed frequency spectrum output by the frequency conversion unit. Thereby, diagnosis of a rotating body is implemented.

  When the rotating body diagnosis apparatus is configured in this way, it is possible to carry out diagnosis of a rotating body in consideration of not only a specific frequency region such as an integral multiple component of an axial rotation number of a frequency spectrum but also all frequency regions. .

  Furthermore, regarding vibration monitoring of a rotating body, Patent Document 3 discloses a vibration monitoring method for a rotating body. According to this method, a vibration signal is generated by detecting the vibration of the rotating body, the state of the rotating body is analyzed by wavelet transform of the vibration signal, and the frequency and amplitude of the vibration signal based on the analysis result are analyzed. Is output in association with the time axis. By adopting such a vibration monitoring method for a rotating body, it is possible to determine the time variation of vibration for each vibration frequency, accurately capturing the instantaneous vibration of the rotating body, and continuously monitoring the vibration change state of the rotating body. It can be analyzed.

  Regarding the rotational speed analysis of a rotating body, Patent Document 4 discloses a rotating pulse signal analyzer for a rotating body. This rotational pulse signal analyzing apparatus includes a non-contact displacement meter, a sampling means, an axial displacement signal processing means, an amplitude value calculating means, a frequency analysis processing means, a rotational speed calculation processing means, and a phase analysis processing means. The non-contact displacement meter is provided to face the pulse detection unit of the rotating shaft of the rotating body, measures the relative displacement with the rotating shaft, and obtains an electric signal in which the rotating pulse signal and the pump shaft vibration signal are superimposed. Output to sampling means.

  The sampling means samples the electrical signal from the non-contact displacement meter and converts it into a digital signal. The axial displacement signal processing means corrects the sampling data output from the sampling means to an axial displacement signal. The amplitude value calculating means calculates the amplitude value from the shaft displacement data corrected by the shaft displacement signal processing means.

  The frequency analysis processing means analyzes the frequency from the shaft displacement data corrected by the shaft displacement signal processing means. The rotational speed calculation processing means calculates the rotational speed of the rotary shaft from the sampling data of the sampling means. Based on this assumption, the phase analysis processing means samples the sampling data from the sampling means and the axial displacement data output from the axial displacement signal processing means at the same timing and in the same cycle, and the frequency of each data In addition to performing the analysis, the phase calculation is executed by inputting the data of the rotational speed calculation processing means.

  When the rotational pulse signal analyzing apparatus is configured in this way, the axial displacement, the axial phase, and the rotational speed of the rotating body can be obtained by one detector, and the configuration is simplified.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-226687 (FIG. 1 on page 4) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-1111713 (page 3 FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2001-275853 (FIG. 1 on page 4) Japanese Patent No. 34100909 (Page 4, Fig. 1)

Incidentally, the vibration detection function of the rotating body according to the conventional example has the following problems.
i. According to the rotation detection device 1 shown in FIG. 7, the reflection time is measured by the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30 installed at two locations on the X axis and the Y axis. The rotation detection device 1 employs a counting method that counts the number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 and the Y-axis pulse signal SY1. Even with this counting method, the shaft vibration value of the rotating body can be measured by the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30, but since a uniform and stable shaft vibration value cannot be obtained, the shaft vibration value is compared with the vibration reference value. There is a problem that an error occurs in the determination.

  ii. Incidentally, when an attempt is made to incorporate a rotating shaft vibration mechanism by utilizing a rotational speed detection facility such as an existing water turbine generator, the shaft vibration monitoring system and rotating body diagnosis of the rotating body described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are described. If the apparatus, the vibration monitoring method, and the rotation pulse signal analysis apparatus are combined as they are, there is a possibility that the detection structure becomes complicated and the rotation speed detection facility becomes large.

  iii. A method of measuring the shaft vibration of the rotating body from the reflected light by irradiating light to the main shaft of the water turbine generator or the like without using the disk member 50 with rotation detection teeth is also conceivable. Since the shaft surface of the main shaft of the water turbine generator is rough finish, the shaft vibration value can be measured, but since the quality of the light detection signal is deteriorated, the true shaft vibration value cannot be determined. .

  iv. When the disk member 50 is attached at a position away from the bearing portion (thrust metal) of the rotating body, an accurate shaft vibration value cannot be obtained, and an error occurs in the detected shaft vibration value. In addition, there is a problem that an error occurs in the measured value when a specific vibration occurs in a place where the X1 sensor 10 and the Y1 sensor 30 are installed.

  Therefore, the present invention solves such a conventional problem, and devise the principle of shaft vibration detection in a rotating device, and can detect the vibration of the rotating device with high reproducibility without complicating the detection structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating machine shaft vibration detection device.

A rotating machine shaft vibration detection device of the present invention that solves the above-described problems includes a disk member that has a plurality of teeth on an outer periphery and is attached to a rotating shaft of a corresponding rotating device, and rotates together with the rotating shaft, and the disk member A plurality of sets of reflective optical sensors for irradiating light to the outer periphery of the disk member and receiving reflected light from the tooth portion, and obtained from each of the optical sensors. A signal processing unit that performs signal processing on the detected light detection signal, and each set of the optical sensors includes:
The disk members are disposed at positions facing each other with the disk member interposed therebetween.

  According to the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device according to the present invention, the disk member has a plurality of teeth on the outer periphery, is attached to the rotating shaft of the corresponding rotating device, and rotates together with the rotating shaft. The plurality of sets of reflective optical sensors are disposed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the disk member, and are disposed at positions facing each other with the disk member interposed therebetween. Each set of optical sensors irradiates light to the outer periphery of the disk member and receives reflected light from the tooth portion. The signal processing unit processes a light detection signal obtained from each optical sensor.

  Therefore, when the light detection signal obtained from the optical sensor is signal-processed, vibration detection information relating to the rotation axis of the rotating device can be output. For example, the signal processing unit is provided with a vibration detection unit. The vibration detection unit calculates two light detection signals obtained from the first pair of optical sensors arranged on the X axis of the Cartesian coordinate system defined by the rotation axis of the rotating device, and calculates the X direction Outputs vibration detection information. The vibration detection unit calculates two light detection signals obtained from the second pair of optical sensors arranged on the Y axis of the orthogonal coordinate system, and outputs vibration detection information in the Y direction. become.

  According to the rotating machine shaft vibration detecting device according to the present invention, a plurality of sets of reflection-type optical elements arranged in the vicinity of the outer periphery of a disk member having a plurality of teeth and attached to the rotating shaft of the corresponding rotating device. The optical sensor is provided at a position facing each other with the disc member interposed therebetween, and irradiates light to the outer periphery of the disc member and receives reflected light from the tooth portion. .

  With this configuration, when the light detection signal obtained from the optical sensor is signal-processed, vibration detection information resulting from the shaft vibration of the rotating device can be output. Therefore, it becomes possible to diagnose the rotating shaft of a rotating device such as a generator or an electric motor based on the vibration detection information obtained from the rotating machine shaft vibration detecting device and to monitor the vibration state of the rotating shaft.

  In addition, the speed governor and the like can be feedback controlled based on vibration detection information that generates the rotational speed of these rotating devices in real time. If the vibration detection information obtained from the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device is accumulated, the vibration detection information can be used for analysis of shaft vibration trends, etc. at a later date. It becomes available.

It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of the rotary machine shaft vibration detection apparatus 100 as an Example which concerns on this invention. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of an internal configuration of the vibration detection unit 60. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the rotation detection unit 70. FIG. (A)-(F) are time charts which show the operation example (the 1) in the signal processing part 67. FIG. (A)-(F) are time charts which show the operation example (the 2) in the signal processing part 67. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the rotation detection apparatus 1 which concerns on a prior art example. 3 is a time chart showing an operation example of the rotation detection device 1.

  Subsequently, a rotating machine shaft vibration detection device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, there are a plurality of teeth at positions close to the outer periphery of the disk member that is attached to the rotating shaft of the corresponding rotating device and that are opposed to each other with the disk member in between. A set of reflective optical sensors is arranged to irradiate the outer periphery of the disk member and receive light reflected from the teeth, and from the light detection signal, vibration caused by axial vibration of the rotating device Added detection information output.

  A rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is suitable for application to a shaft vibration detection (measurement) mechanism in a rotating shaft of a hydroelectric power generator of a hydroelectric power plant, a pumped-up electric motor, or the like. The rotary machine shaft vibration detection device 100 includes a plurality of sets, in this example, two sets of optical sensors (hereinafter referred to as X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 40), a disk member 50, and a signal processing unit 67. Composed.

  The disk member 50 has a plurality of, in this example, twelve tooth portions 51 on the outer periphery. The disk member 50 is attached to a rotating shaft 90 of a corresponding rotating device such as a water turbine generator and rotates together with the rotating shaft 90. As the disk member 50, a toothed disk with high roundness accuracy mounted on a conventional rotation detection device can be used. The disk member 50 is attached to a rotating shaft 90 that is close to a bearing portion (thrust metal) 80 that serves as a shaft support portion of the rotating device. As described above, it is possible to detect (measure) the shaft vibration at the position close to the bearing portion 80 which is the shaft support portion of the rotating device, and improve the reliability of the shaft vibration information of the rotating device output from the vibration detecting unit 60. become able to.

  In this example, two sets of the X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20 and the Y1 sensor 30 and the Y2 sensor 40 are provided on the outer periphery of the disk member 50, and the rotation shaft 90 of the rotating device is set in the normal direction Z ( When an orthogonal coordinate system having an X axis and a Y axis with the axis of the rotation axis 90 as the origin is defined on the plane n), the first set of X1 sensor 10 and X2 sensor 20 is The second set of Y1 sensor 30 and Y2 sensor 40 are arranged on the X axis, and are arranged on the Y axis of the orthogonal coordinate system.

  The X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20 are disposed at positions facing each other (angle 180 °) with the disk member 50 interposed therebetween. The X1 sensor 10 is disposed on the X axis (positive side) of the orthogonal coordinate system, in proximity to the outer periphery of the disk member 50, and is fixed to an annular base member or the like (not shown). The X1 sensor 10 has a light emitting element 11 and a light receiving element 12. The light emitting element 11 irradiates light on the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50, and the light receiving element 12 receives the reflected light from the tooth portion 51 and turns on, and an X-axis pulse as an example of a light detection signal Signal SX1 is generated.

  The X2 sensor 20 is disposed on the X axis (negative side) of the orthogonal coordinate system, close to the outer periphery of the disk member 50, and fixed to the base member (not shown). The X2 sensor 20 includes a light emitting element 21 and a light receiving element 22. The light emitting element 21 irradiates the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 with light, and the light receiving element 22 receives the reflected light from the tooth portion 51 and turns on, and an X-axis pulse signal as an example of a light detection signal SX2 is generated.

  The Y1 sensor 30 and the Y2 sensor 40 are disposed at positions (an angle of 180 °) facing each other with the disk member 50 interposed therebetween. The Y1 sensor 30 is disposed on the Y axis (positive side) of the orthogonal coordinate system, close to the outer periphery of the disk member 50, and fixed to the base member (not shown). The Y1 sensor 30 has a light emitting element 31 and a light receiving element 32. The light emitting element 31 irradiates light to the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50, and the light receiving element 32 receives the reflected light from the tooth portion 51 to turn on, and a Y-axis pulse as an example of a light detection signal Signal SY1 is generated.

  The Y2 sensor 40 is arranged on the Y axis (negative side) of the orthogonal coordinate system, close to the outer periphery of the disk member 50, and fixed to a base member (not shown). The Y2 sensor 40 has a light emitting element 41 and a light receiving element 42. The light emitting element 41 irradiates light to the outer peripheral tooth part 51 of the disk member 50, and the light receiving element 42 receives the reflected light from the tooth part 51 and turns on, and a Y-axis pulse as an example of a light detection signal Signal SY2 is generated.

  In these X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 40, the outer peripheral teeth 51 of the disk member 50 approach each light receiving element 12, 22, 32, 42, and the separation length (distance) ) Becomes shorter, the amount of received light increases and the output voltage rises. On the other hand, when the tooth portion 51 is moved away from each of the light receiving elements 12, 22, 32, and 42 and the separation length (distance) is increased, a reflection type optical sensor in which the amount of received light decreases and the output voltage decreases is used. Is done.

  A signal processing unit 67 as shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the two sets of X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 40, and these X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, and Y1 sensor 30, Y2 are connected. X-axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2 and Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2 obtained from the sensor 40 are input to execute signal processing. When the sensor output system is configured in this manner, the signal processing unit 67 is different from the first set of the X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20 arranged on the X axis of the orthogonal coordinate system by an X-axis pulse signal whose phase is different by 180 °. SX1 and SX2 can be obtained.

  Similarly, Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2 whose phases are different from each other by 180 ° can also be obtained from the second set of Y1 sensor 30 and Y2 sensor 40 arranged on the Y-axis of the orthogonal coordinate system. Thereby, the signal processing unit 67 can detect at least the vibration state of the rotating shaft 90 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

  Further, the X1 sensor 10, the X2 sensor 20, the Y1 sensor 30, the Y2 sensor 40, and the like have a size that can be accommodated in a casing of a conventional rotation detection device provided with a base member. Each sensor can be attached to the base member, and a new installation space is not required.

  Next, a configuration example of the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 and an internal configuration example of the vibration detection unit 60 and the rotation detection unit 70 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The signal processing unit 67 shown in FIG. 2 includes a vibration detection unit 60 and a rotation detection unit 70. Two sets of the X1 sensor 10, the X2 sensor 20, the Y1 sensor 30, and the Y2 sensor 40 are connected to the vibration detection unit 60 and the rotation detection unit 70.

  The vibration detector 60 receives two X-axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2 obtained from a pair of X1 sensor 10 and X2 sensor 20 arranged on the X-axis of the orthogonal coordinate system defined by the rotation axis 90 of the rotating device. Calculate and output vibration detection information in the X direction. In addition, the vibration detection unit 60 calculates two Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2 obtained from a pair of Y1 sensor 30 and Y2 sensor 40 arranged on the Y-axis of the orthogonal coordinate system to detect vibration in the Y direction. Output information.

  The vibration detection unit 60 includes, for example, an X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61, a Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62, and a signal synthesis calculation unit 63 as shown in FIG. An X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61 is connected to the X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20. The X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61 adds the X axis pulse signal SX1 obtained from the X1 sensor 10 and the X axis pulse signal SX2 obtained from the X2 sensor 20, and adds the X axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2. The vibration detection information V (X) in the X direction obtained by averaging (1/2) the value V (X1 + X2) is output.

  When the vibration detection information V (X) is converted into a voltage value, an axial vibration value V (x) in the X direction is obtained. The shaft vibration value V (x) is an analog quantity. For example, when the conversion constant is c1, the shaft vibration value V (x) is obtained from V (x) = c1 · V (X). Specifically, a voltage change that appears at both ends of the resistor R when the RC circuit including the resistor R and the capacitance C is charged with a pulse voltage based on the vibration detection information V (X).

A Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62 is connected to the Y1 sensor 30 and the Y2 sensor 40. The Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62 includes a Y-axis pulse signal SY1 obtained from the Y1 sensor 30, and
Y-direction vibration detection information V (Y) obtained by adding the Y-axis pulse signal SY2 obtained from the Y2 sensor 40 and averaging (1/2) the addition value V (Y1 + Y2) of the Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2. Output.

  When the vibration detection information V (Y) is converted into a voltage value, an axial vibration value V (y) in the Y direction is obtained. The shaft vibration value V (y) is an analog quantity. For example, when the conversion constant is c2, the shaft vibration value V (y) is obtained from V (y) = c2 · V (Y). Specifically, a voltage change that appears at both ends of the resistor R when the RC circuit including the resistor R and the capacitance C is charged with a pulse voltage based on the vibration detection information V (Y).

  A signal synthesis calculation unit 63 is connected to the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61 and the Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62. The signal synthesis calculation unit 63 performs the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) obtained by performing the signal synthesis operation on the shaft vibration values V (x) and V (y) based on the vibration detection information V (X) and the vibration detection information V (Y). ) Is output.

  If the vibration detection unit 60 is configured in this way, it is possible to detect the axial vibration value V (x) in the X direction of a rotating device such as a turbine generator or a pumping motor from the vibration detection information V (X) in the X direction. From the vibration detection information V (Y) in the Y direction, the axial vibration value V (y) in the Y direction of the rotating device can be detected. By comparing the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) obtained by combining these signals with a threshold value (not shown), it becomes possible to determine whether the shaft vibration of the rotating device is acceptable or abnormal.

  In addition to the vibration detection unit 60, the rotation detection unit 70 is connected to the two sets of the X1 sensor 10, the X2 sensor 20, the Y1 sensor 30, and the Y2 sensor 40, and the disk member 50 is attached to the rotation shaft 90 of the rotating device. The number of times of receiving the reflected light from the tooth portion 51 is counted and the rotation detection information of the rotating device is output. The rotation detection unit 70 includes four counter circuits (hereinafter referred to as an X1 counter 71, an X2 counter 72, a Y1 counter 73, and a Y2 counter 74) and an addition & average value calculation unit 75.

  An X1 counter 71 is connected to the X1 sensor 10 described above. The X1 counter 71 counts the number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 output from the X1 sensor 10 and outputs a counter value serving as rotation detection information RX1. An X2 counter 72 is connected to the X2 sensor 20. The X2 counter 72 counts the number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX2 output from the X2 sensor 20, and outputs a counter value serving as rotation detection information RX2.

  A Y1 counter 73 is connected to the Y1 sensor 30. The Y1 counter 73 counts the number of pulses of the light detection signal YX1 output from the Y1 sensor 30, and outputs a counter value that becomes rotation detection information RY1. A Y2 counter 74 is connected to the Y2 sensor 40. The Y2 counter 74 counts the number of pulses of the light detection signal YX2 output from the Y2 sensor 40, and outputs a counter value that becomes rotation detection information RY2.

  An addition & average value calculator 75 is connected to the X1 counter 71, X2 counter 72, Y1 counter 73, and Y2 counter 74. The addition & average value calculation unit 75 inputs rotation detection information RX1, RX2, RY1 and RY2 constituting each counter value, and outputs four pieces of output from the X1 counter 71, X2 counter 72, Y1 counter 73 and Y2 counter 74. The counter values are added and the average value (1/4: hereinafter referred to as rotational speed information Vv) is calculated.

  If the signal processing unit 67 is configured in this way, the vibration detection unit 60 can output the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) of the rotating device, and the rotation speed of the rotating device can be output from the rotation detecting unit 70 in the same manner as in the conventional method. Since the information Vv can be output, the multi-function rotary machine shaft vibration detection device 100 can be provided.

  Subsequently, an operation example of the rotary machine shaft vibration detection device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. In this example, an example of the operation of the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 will be described in two cases: when there is no vibration and when there is vibration. For example, two pairs of a pair of X1 sensor 10 and X2 sensor 20 and a Y1 sensor 30 and Y2 sensor 40 as shown in FIG. Time).

  Comparison of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 and the X-axis pulse signal SX2 obtained from the X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 4, and the comparison between the Y-axis pulse signal SY1 and the Y-axis pulse signal SY2 Introduces the principle of shaft run-out measurement by comparison. By averaging the measurement results on the X-axis and the Y-axis, it is possible to provide a rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 that can measure shaft vibration by improving the rotation detection device that has only had a rotation detection function until now. I did it. In the figure, X-axis pulse signals SX1, SX2, Y-axis pulse signals SY1, SY2, etc. are indicated by solid lines, and voltage conversion values such as shaft vibration values V (x), V (y), V (x, y) are indicated. It is indicated by a broken line.

[Without vibration]
5A to 5F, the X-axis pulse signal SX1 shown in FIG. 5A is transferred from the X1 sensor 10 to the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61. The X-axis pulse signal SX2 shown in 5B is output from the X2 sensor 20 to the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61.

  When there is no vibration, the distance (distance) between the X1 sensor 10 and the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 is kept constant, and the X2 sensor 20 and the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 The separation length (distance) is also kept constant. In such a state, the amount of reflected light received by each of the light receiving elements 12 and 22 is constant, and the output voltages of the X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20 are also constant.

  As a result, since the amplitudes of the X-axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2 are equal and the phase difference is 180 °, the vibration detection information V (X) shown in FIG. 5C becomes V (X) = 0, and the X waveform synthesis & average The vibration detection information V (X) = 0 (low level) is output from the value output unit 61 to the signal composition calculation unit 63. V (X) = 0 is equivalent to a state in which nothing is output from the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61 to the signal synthesis calculation unit 63. Thereby, it becomes possible to identify the absence of vibration in the X direction of the rotating shaft 90.

  Similarly, the Y-axis pulse signal SY1 shown in FIG. 5D is sent from the Y1 sensor 30 to the Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62, and the Y axis pulse signal SY2 shown in FIG. 5E is sent from the Y2 sensor 40 to the Y waveform synthesis & average. It is output to the value output unit 62.

  When there is no vibration, the separation length (distance) between the Y1 sensor 30 and the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 is kept constant, and the Y2 sensor 40 and the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 The separation length (distance) is also kept constant. In such a state, the amount of reflected light received by each of the light receiving elements 32 and 42 is constant, and the output voltages of the Y1 sensor 30 and Y2 sensor 40 are also constant.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 5F, the vibration detection information V (Y) becomes V (Y) = 0, and the vibration detection information V (Y) = from the Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62 to the signal synthesis calculation unit 63. 0 (low level) is output. V (Y) = 0 is equivalent to a state in which nothing is output from the Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62 to the signal synthesis calculation unit 63. Thereby, it becomes possible to identify the absence of vibration in the Y direction of the rotating shaft 90.

[With vibration]
On the other hand, according to the operation example when there is vibration in the signal processing unit 67 shown in FIGS. 6A to 6F, the X-axis pulse signal SX1 shown in FIG. 6A is sent from the X1 sensor 10 to the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61. The X-axis pulse signal SX2 shown in FIG. 6B is output from the X2 sensor 20 to the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61.

  According to the operation example when there is vibration in this example, the rotating shaft 90 vibrates and the tooth portion 51 on the outer periphery of the disk member 50 approaches the light receiving element 12 of the X1 sensor 10. In this case, the separation length (distance) between the tooth portion 51 and the X1 sensor 10 is shortened, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 12 is increased, and the output voltage of the X1 sensor 10 is increased (see FIG. 6A).

  The opposite side is when the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 is moved away from the light receiving element 22 of the X2 sensor 20. In this case, the separation length (distance) between the tooth portion 51 and the X2 sensor 20 becomes longer, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 22 decreases, and the output voltage of the X2 sensor 20 drops (see FIG. 6B). As a result, as shown in FIG. 6C, the vibration detection information V (X) becomes V (X) ≠ 0, and the X waveform synthesis & average value output unit 61 sends the signal synthesis calculation unit 63 to the X direction vibration detection information V ( X) is output. A voltage converted version of the vibration detection information V (X) is an axial vibration value V (x) in the X direction. Similarly, the Y-axis pulse signal SY1 shown in FIG. 6D is sent from the Y1 sensor 30 to the Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62, and the Y-axis pulse signal SY2 shown in FIG. 6E is sent from the Y2 sensor 40 to the Y waveform synthesis & average. It is output to the value output unit 62.

  According to the operation example when there is vibration in this example, the rotation shaft 90 vibrates and the tooth portion 51 on the outer periphery of the disk member 50 approaches the light receiving element 32 of the Y1 sensor 30. In this case, the separation length (distance) between the tooth portion 51 and the Y1 sensor 30 is shortened, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 32 is increased, and the output voltage of the Y1 sensor 30 is increased (see FIG. 6D).

  The opposite side is when the outer peripheral tooth portion 51 of the disk member 50 moves away from the light receiving element 42 of the Y2 sensor 40. In this case, the separation length (distance) between the tooth portion 51 and the Y2 sensor 40 becomes longer, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 42 decreases, and the output voltage of the Y2 sensor 40 drops (see FIG. 6E). As a result, as shown in FIG. 6F, the vibration detection information V (Y) becomes V (Y) ≠ 0, and the Y-waveform synthesis & average value output unit 62 sends the signal synthesis calculation unit 63 to the Y-direction vibration detection information V ( Y) is output. A voltage conversion of the vibration detection information V (Y) is an axial vibration value V (y) in the Y direction.

  As described above, the average value (1/2) of the added values of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 and the X-axis pulse signal SX2 obtained from the X1 sensor 10 and the X2 sensor 20 facing each other on the X axis is the axial vibration value in the X direction. V (x). The average value (1/2) of the added values of the Y-axis pulse signal SY1 and the Y-axis pulse signal SY2 obtained from the Y1 sensor 30 and the Y2 sensor 40 facing each other on the Y axis is the axial vibration value V (x) in the Y direction. It becomes. By calculating the two-axis shaft vibration values V (x) and V (y) (vector synthesis, averaging processing, etc.), an accurate shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) can be measured ( Shaft measurement principle).

  In this example, although not shown, the shaft vibration values V (x) and V (y) based on the vibration detection information V (X) and the vibration detection information V (Y) are signal-synthesized by the signal synthesis calculation unit 63. The shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is calculated and output. The shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is obtained by, for example, vector synthesis of shaft vibration values V (x) and V (y). The shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is output to the upper control system. In the upper control system, the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is compared with a threshold voltage (not shown) to determine whether or not shaft vibration of the rotating device is permitted or abnormal.

  Although not shown, in the rotation detector 70, the X1 counter 71 counts the number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX1 output from the X1 sensor 10, and outputs the rotation detection information RX1 to the addition & average value calculator 75. To do. The X2 counter 72 counts the number of pulses of the X-axis pulse signal SX2 output from the X2 sensor 20 and outputs the rotation detection information RX2 to the addition & average value calculator 75.

  The Y1 counter 73 counts the number of pulses of the light detection signal YX1 output from the Y1 sensor 30, and outputs the rotation detection information RY1 to the addition & average value calculation unit 75. The Y2 counter 74 counts the number of pulses of the light detection signal YX2 output from the Y2 sensor 40 and outputs the rotation detection information RY2 to the addition & average value calculation unit 75. The addition & average value calculation unit 75 inputs rotation detection information RX1, RX2, RY1 and RY2 comprising four counter values, adds these four counter values, calculates the average value, and outputs rotation speed information. Output.

  Thus, according to the rotating machine shaft vibration detection apparatus 100 as an embodiment, the disk member 50 has a plurality of tooth portions 51 on the outer periphery and is attached to the rotating shaft 90 of the corresponding rotating device. Rotate with. The two sets of reflective X1 sensor 10, X2 sensor 20, Y1 sensor 30, and Y2 sensor 40 are arranged close to the outer periphery of the disk member 50 and face each other with the disk member 50 in between. Arranged in position. Therefore, when the X-axis pulse signals SX1 and SX2 and the Y-axis pulse signals SY1 and SY2 obtained from the X1 sensor 10, the X2 sensor 20, the Y1 sensor 30, and the Y2 sensor 40 are signal-processed, vibration detection caused by the shaft vibration of the rotating device is detected. Information V (X) and V (Y) can be output.

  As a result, the shaft vibration value V (x) in the X direction of a rotating device such as a turbine generator or a pumping motor can be detected from the vibration detection information V (X) in the X direction, and the vibration detection information V in the Y direction can be detected. From (Y), the shaft vibration value V (y) in the Y direction of the rotating device can be detected. By comparing the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) obtained by combining these signals with the signal combining calculation unit 63 and a threshold voltage (not shown), it becomes possible to determine whether the shaft vibration of the rotating device is acceptable or abnormal.

  When the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) can be determined in the development field such as shaft vibration technology and shaft diagnosis technology for water turbine generators, etc., the rotary shaft vibration detection device 100 is used for protection of the generator, diagnosis, etc. It will be able to demonstrate effectively.

  For example, the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) can be used for feedback control of the load limiting function of the generator. In the field of shaft vibration technology and shaft diagnosis technology, based on the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) obtained from the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100, the rotating shaft 90 of a rotating device such as a hydro generator or a pumping motor of a hydroelectric power plant. And the vibration state of the rotating shaft 90 can be monitored. In addition, feedback control of a speed governor or the like can be performed based on the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) that generates the rotational speed of these rotating devices in real time.

  Further, when the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is applied to the data storage technology field, the vibration detection information V (X), V (Y) obtained from the rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 and the shaft vibration value V (x ), V (y) and the like are stored in the recorder, the vibration detection information V (X), V (Y), etc. can be used for analysis of axial vibration trends and the like at a later date. In addition to this, when exchanging the bearing unit 80 and the rotary shaft 90, which are the main components of the rotating equipment, or during a detailed inspection, the shaft vibration data based on the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) is analyzed, so that・ It will be available for study materials at the time of renovation planning.

  For example, a rotary machine shaft vibration detection device can be used as a monitoring function for the bearing unit 80, the rotating shaft 90, etc. by collating the operating conditions of the hydroelectric power plant with an existing recorder and the shaft vibration data stored in the recorder. 100 will be available. As a result, shaft vibration data based on the shaft vibration voltage V (x, y) can be used as a diagnostic technique for the generator.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where two sets of optical sensors are arranged at intervals of 90 ° has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and four sets of optical sensors are arranged at intervals of 45 ° and In addition to detecting axial vibration on the axis and the Y axis, axial vibration in the first to fourth quadrants of the orthogonal coordinate system may be detected. The shaft vibration of the rotating shaft can be detected with higher accuracy.

  The rotating machine shaft vibration detection device 100 can be used not only in a hydroelectric power plant that employs a rotation detection device but also in a thermal power plant that employs a rotation detection device. Although the conventional rotation detection device is used only for the rotation (detection) function of a generator or the like, the rotary machine shaft vibration detection device 100 is not limited to the rotation (detection) function of a generator or the like, shaft vibration detection, or the like. This device can be used for all rotating bodies connected to the main shaft of a turbine engine, an electric motor or the like to exhibit a function of detecting shaft vibration.

  The present invention is very suitable when applied to a shaft vibration detection (measurement) mechanism in a rotating shaft of a hydro turbine generator or the like of a hydroelectric power plant.

  10 ... X1 sensor, 11, 21, 31, 41 ... light emitting element, 20 ... X2 sensor, 12, 22, 32, 42 ... light receiving element, 30 ... Y1 sensor, 40 ... Y2 sensor, 50 ... disk member, 60 ... vibration detection unit, 61 ... X waveform synthesis & average value output unit, 62 ... Y waveform synthesis & average value output unit, 63 ... signal Combining operation unit, 67 ... Signal processing unit, 70 ... Rotation detection unit, 71 ... X1 counter, 72 ... X2 counter, 73 ... Y1 counter, 74 ... Y2 counter, 75 ..Addition & average value calculation unit, 80 ... bearing unit, 90 ... rotating shaft, 100 ... rotating shaft vibration detecting device

Claims (5)

A disk member that has a plurality of teeth on the outer periphery and is attached to the rotating shaft of the rotating device, and rotates together with the rotating shaft;
A plurality of sets of reflective optical sensors that are arranged in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the disk member, irradiate light to the outer periphery of the disk member, and receive reflected light from the tooth portion;
A signal processing unit that performs signal processing on a light detection signal obtained from each of the optical sensors,
Each set of the optical sensors comprises:
A rotating machine shaft vibration detecting device, wherein the rotating shaft vibration detectors are disposed at positions facing each other with the disk member in between. When two sets of the optical sensors are provided on the outer periphery of the disk member,
When the orthogonal coordinate system having the X axis and the Y axis with the axis of the rotation axis as the origin is defined on the plane having the rotation axis of the rotating device as the normal direction,
The optical sensor of the first set is arranged on the X axis of the orthogonal coordinate system,
The rotating machine shaft vibration detection device according to claim 1, wherein the second set of optical sensors is arranged on a Y axis of the orthogonal coordinate system. A signal processing unit that performs signal processing on a detection signal obtained from each of the optical sensors,
Detect vibrations in the X direction by calculating two light detection signals obtained from the first pair of optical sensors arranged on the X axis of the orthogonal coordinate system defined by the rotation axis of the rotating device. Output information,
A vibration detecting unit that calculates two light detection signals obtained from the second pair of optical sensors arranged on the Y axis of the orthogonal coordinate system and outputs vibration detection information in the Y direction; The rotating machine shaft vibration detecting device according to claim 2, wherein The vibration detector is
Adding two photodetection signals obtained from the first pair of optical sensors of the first set, and outputting vibration detection information in the X direction by averaging the addition values of the detection signals;
4. The vibration detection information in the Y direction obtained by adding two light detection signals obtained from the pair of optical sensors of the second set and averaging the addition values of the detection signals is output. The rotating machine shaft vibration detection device as described. A signal processing unit that processes a detection signal obtained from the optical sensor,
2. A rotation detection unit that counts the number of times the reflected light is received from a tooth portion of the disk member attached to the rotation shaft of the rotating device and outputs rotation detection information of the rotating device. A rotating machine shaft vibration detection device according to claim 1.

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