JP2010185333A - On vehicle information processor, method and program for controlling on vehicle information processor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To support an economical drive by further accurately calculating fuel consumption of the vehicle while reflecting influence to the fuel consumption of the real weight of the passengers and loaded objects on the vehicle, and the driving skill of the driver. <P>SOLUTION: A car navigation device 12 senses the vehicle driving state including the conditions of the traveling road or the vehicle operation state by the driver for calculating the fuel consumption for each driver based on the sensed driving state and the vehicle loading weight. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an in-vehicle information processing apparatus, a control method for an in-vehicle information processing apparatus, and a control program, and more particularly to an in-vehicle information processing capable of more accurately calculating fuel consumption of a vehicle and supporting economical driving. The present invention relates to a control method and a control program for an apparatus, an in-vehicle information processing apparatus.

Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel efficiency information server device having a fuel efficiency database including fuel efficiency information corresponding to each vehicle type and capable of transmitting information stored in the fuel efficiency database to the outside, and a position for acquiring the current position of the vehicle. An in-vehicle control device mounted on the vehicle, comprising: an acquisition unit; a fuel consumption calculation unit that calculates a fuel consumption rate of the vehicle; and a vehicle information storage unit that stores vehicle information including a vehicle type and a model year of the vehicle. The fuel efficiency information server device and the in-vehicle control device are connected to each other through a communication network so that the fuel efficiency information server device is based on the current position of the vehicle, vehicle information, and fuel consumption transmitted from the in-vehicle control device. There has been proposed a fuel efficiency information providing system including a database updating means for updating the contents of a database.
Patent Document 1 discloses that a fuel efficiency database corresponding to a road condition such as a road type can be created for each vehicle type, and fuel consumption information that matches the actual use condition of the vehicle can be provided.
JP 2005-163484 A

However, the fuel consumption of the vehicle varies depending on the weight of the loaded luggage and the number of passengers. Considering a general sedan-type passenger car, the number of passengers is about five, but it is clear that there is a difference in fuel consumption between the actual number of passengers and five. . Furthermore, in general vehicles, it is also possible to load luggage in addition to the occupant, and when a heavy load such as a golf bag is loaded, the fuel consumption corresponding to one occupant fluctuates. Become.
In addition, the fuel efficiency varies greatly depending on the actual driving skill (operating conditions) of the driver, and even when riding the same vehicle, the fuel efficiency is greatly increased due to the accelerator depressing, brake depressing method and timing. Different.

Therefore, in the above-described conventional technology, there is a problem that the calculation of the fuel consumption cannot reflect the weight of the actual vehicle occupant, load, etc., or the influence of the driving skill of the driver on the fuel consumption. .
As a result, there arises a problem that effective and economical operation cannot be grasped.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to more accurately calculate the fuel consumption of the vehicle, reflecting the weight of the actual vehicle occupant, the load, etc., and the fuel consumption effect of the driver's driving skill, thereby making economical driving An in-vehicle information processing apparatus, a control method for an in-vehicle information processing apparatus, and a control program are provided.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a first aspect of the present invention includes a traveling state detection unit that detects a traveling state of a vehicle including a condition of a traveling road or a driver's operation state of the vehicle, and the detected traveling A fuel consumption calculating unit that calculates fuel consumption for each driver in association with the state and the weight of the vehicle.
According to the above configuration, the traveling state detection unit detects the traveling state of the vehicle including the condition of the road on which the vehicle is traveling or the operation state of the driver's vehicle.
Accordingly, the fuel consumption calculation unit calculates the fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected traveling state and the mounted weight of the vehicle.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, an improvement information presenting unit that presents, for each driver, improvement support information in the operation of the vehicle based on the operation state and the calculated fuel efficiency for each driver. It is characterized by that.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, a standard fuel consumption information acquisition unit that is connected to a server device that manages fuel consumption information via a communication network and that acquires a standard fuel consumption based on the road condition and the load amount is provided. The improvement information display unit compares the calculated fuel efficiency of each driver and the standard fuel efficiency and presents the improvement support information.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, the conditions of the traveling road include road types such as general roads, highways, exclusive roads, unpaved roads, and roads. A gradient is included.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the mounted weight is a weight of a vehicle body, a weight of a load, and a weight of an occupant of the vehicle, and the mounted weight is detected. A weight detection sensor is provided, and the fuel consumption calculation unit calculates the fuel consumption based on the mounted weight detected by the weight detection sensor.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method for an in-vehicle information processing apparatus that is mounted on a vehicle and performs information processing, including a condition of a road on which the vehicle is traveling or an operation state of the vehicle by a driver. A driving state detection process for detecting a driving state, and a fuel consumption calculation process for calculating a fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected driving state and the mounted weight of the vehicle are provided.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control program for controlling an in-vehicle information processing apparatus that is mounted on a vehicle and performs information processing by a computer, in a condition of a road on which the vehicle is traveling or a driver's vehicle A computer having a running state detection function that detects a running state of a vehicle including an operation state, and a fuel consumption calculation function that calculates a fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected running state and the mounted weight of the vehicle. It is characterized by realizing.

  According to the present invention, the fuel efficiency of the vehicle is calculated more accurately, reflecting the influence on the fuel efficiency of the actual number of passengers of the vehicle, the weight of the load, etc., and the driving skill of the driver. Can support.

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel consumption management system.
The fuel efficiency management system 10 is roughly divided into a car navigation device 12 as an in-vehicle information processing device mounted on the vehicle 11, and the car navigation device 12 connected to the vehicle navigation device 12 via a radio base station 13 and a communication network 14 to manage fuel consumption. And an information server device 15 for performing

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the car navigation apparatus.
The car navigation device 12 includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit 21, a gyro unit 22, a vehicle speed detection unit 23, a mounted weight detection unit 24, an FM reception unit 25, a display unit 26, an instruction input unit 27, A user interface unit 28, a control unit 30, an information storage unit 31, a recording medium read / write (R / W) unit 32, a communication control unit 33, and an audio reproduction unit 34.

The GPS unit 21 receives GPS radio waves from GPS satellites via the GPS antenna 21A, obtains the position coordinates indicating the current location of the vehicle 11 and the traveling direction from the GPS signal superimposed on the GPS radio waves by calculation, Date / time information (year, month, day, hour, minute, etc.) at the current location of the vehicle 11 is obtained by calculation from the date / time information included in the GPS signal and the time difference between the current location of the vehicle 11 and the information is output to the control unit 30. .
The gyro unit 22 detects the relative azimuth of the vehicle 11 by the gyro sensor and outputs it to the control unit 30, and also detects the road gradient from the inclination of the vehicle and outputs it to the control unit 30.
The vehicle speed detection unit 23 obtains the speed of the vehicle 11 by calculation based on the vehicle speed pulse PS of the vehicle 11 and outputs it to the control unit 30.
The mounted weight detection unit 24 includes, for example, a plurality of weight sensors that detect the weight applied to the axle, and detects the mounted weight such as the weight of an occupant, the weight of a bodywork such as a ski carrier, and the weight of a load. Output to the control unit 30.

The FM receiver 25 receives FM multiplex broadcast waves via the FM antenna 25A, acquires traffic information (VICS (registered trademark) (Vehicle Information and Communication System) information) superimposed on the FM multiplex broadcast waves, and controls it. To the unit 20.
Here, the traffic information superimposed on the FM multiplex broadcast wave is, for example, traffic information on a prefecture basis. This traffic information is current road traffic information collected, processed, and edited by the road traffic information communication system center (VICS center), and includes current traffic jam information.

For example, a liquid crystal display device with a touch panel is applied to the display unit 26, and under the control of the control unit 30, various kinds of information such as a searched guide route or a map showing a facility are displayed.
The instruction input unit 27 includes an operation detection unit that detects operations of various operators and a touch panel included in the car navigation device 12, a reception unit that receives a transmission signal from a remote controller (not shown), and the like. Are output to the control unit 30.
The user interface unit 28 is an I / O control circuit, a driver, or the like, and is an interface that connects the display unit 26, the instruction input unit 27, and the control unit 30.

The control unit 30 controls the entire car navigation device 12 and is composed of a CPU and its peripheral circuits. The CPU reads various data such as a control program stored in the ROM 40 of the memory unit 35 and executes the program. Thus, each part of the car navigation device 12 is controlled in accordance with a user instruction input via the instruction input unit 27.
The DRAM 41 of the memory unit 35 is a memory used for the work area of the CPU. The SRAM 42 is a non-volatile memory, and is backed up by a battery or the like and retains the memory contents while the main power source of the apparatus such as the accessory power source of the vehicle 11 is off. The VRAM 43 is a memory in which display data for the display unit 26 is stored.

  The information storage unit 31 is a storage unit that stores map data. Specifically, the information storage unit 31 is a reading device that can read each data stored in a hard disk device, a disk-shaped recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM. Etc. apply. Since this map data is map data for navigation, it includes route data that can be used for route calculation from the current location to the destination in addition to map data as a so-called image.

  For example, the route data is mainly composed of nodes (points) indicating intersections and branch points and links (lines) connecting the nodes. Each link is given a unique number (link ID), link length, type (national road, prefectural road, etc.), link road width, toll / free, traffic restrictions, etc. that identify the link. . Each node is given an attribute such as a unique number (node ID) for identifying the node, traffic restriction between connected links, lane information, and the like. In addition, in order to provide guidance appropriately, the name of an intersection serving as a mark at that point, symbol data of a facility in the vicinity, image data of the intersection, and the like are stored for each node. As the search data, data for searching by address, telephone number, or genre can be considered, and the data searched by this can be set as a destination.

The recording medium read / write unit 32 records / reads data to / from an external recording medium connected to the car navigation device 12 under the control of the control unit 30. The external recording medium includes, for example, A memory card such as a Memory Stick (registered trademark) or a CF card (registered trademark) is applied.
The communication control unit 33 controls the information server device 15 and the wireless communication device 45 (for example, a mobile phone) 45 connected to the car navigation device 12, the wireless base station 13, and the communication network 14 under the control of the control unit 30. Access the Internet and receive various information. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 45 </ b> A is a communication antenna of the wireless communication device 45. The wireless communication device 45 may be configured to be built in the car navigation device 12.

Next, the operation will be described.
FIG. 3 is a process flowchart of the car navigation apparatus.
First, the user sets a route to the destination via the car navigation device 12 (step S11).
Subsequently, the control unit 30 of the car navigation device 12 determines whether it is time to transmit route information or vehicle information to the information server device 15 installed in the information center, or whether a route change has been made. (Step S12).

In the determination of step S12, when it is not the timing to transmit the route information or the vehicle information to the information server device 15 installed in the information center and the route has not been changed (step S12; No), the control unit 30 Shifts the processing to step S17.
In the determination of step S12, if it is time to transmit route information or vehicle information to the information server device 15 installed in the information center, or if the route has been changed (step S12; Yes), the car navigation device The control unit 30 is connected to the information server device 15 via the radio base station 13 and the communication network 14, and uses its own route information as route information data, and driving status information and vehicle information as driving status / vehicle information. Data is transmitted to the information server device 15 (step S13).

FIG. 4 shows a data format of the route information data.
The route information data 50 roughly includes departure point data 51, destination data 52, route data 53, weather data 54, driver data 55, and driving skill data 56.
In the case of the example of FIG. 4, departure point data 51 = X, destination data 52 = Y, route data 53 = X, p, q, r, Y, weather data 54 = clear, driver data 55 = A, driving skill Since the data 56 = standard, the driver A leaves the point X as the departure point, reaches the point Y as the destination via the point p, the point q, and the point r, and the driver A It will be understood that the driving skill is standard.

  Here, the standard driving skill means that driving operations that have a large impact on fuel efficiency such as sudden braking and sudden acceleration are within the standard number of times in terms of driving distance and driving frequency. ing. Therefore, the driver A is a driver who is predicted that the fuel efficiency expected when driving on the same route is within the standard value range of the driver.

FIG. 5 shows a data format of the driving situation / vehicle information data.
The driving situation / vehicle information data 60 is roughly classified into vehicle type data 61, year data 62, engine format data 63, transmission format data 64, current position data 65, road gradient data 66, mounted weight data 67 and fuel consumption data. 68.
In the case of the example of FIG. 5, vehicle type data 61 = b, year data 62 = 2000, engine format data 63 = E1, transmission format data 64 = T1, current position data 65 = p, road gradient data 66 = 5, mounted Since the weight data 67 = 185 and the fuel consumption data 68 = 8.05, the model type is the year 2000 model b, the engine type is the E1 type, the transmission type is the T1 type, and the current position is the point p. The road gradient at the point is 5%, the mounted weight is 185 kg, and the actual fuel consumption calculated at that time is 8.05 km / l.

FIG. 6 is a process flowchart of the information server apparatus.
When information is received from the car navigation device 12 by the route information data 50 and the driving situation / vehicle information data 60 (step S31), the received data is registered in the fuel consumption information database 16 (step S32).
Next, based on the driving situation / vehicle information data 60, the information server device 15 is based on the driving state of the vehicle such as the actual fuel consumption corresponding to the fuel consumption data, the operating state (ON or OFF) of the air conditioner, the installed weight and the driving skill. Then, the air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient, and the standard fuel efficiency are calculated (step S33).

Here, the air conditioner coefficient is a coefficient indicating the rate at which the fuel consumption decreases due to the use of the air conditioner, and the mounting coefficient is a coefficient indicating the rate at which the fuel consumption decreases according to the mounted weight. The actual fuel consumption and the standard fuel consumption that is the standard fuel consumption for the same driver in the same vehicle type are calculated.
Subsequently, the information server device 15 divides the route into N sections for each road type (general road, highway, exclusive road, unpaved road, etc.) based on the route data 53 transmitted from the car navigation device 12. (N is a positive integer) (step S34).
Subsequently, the information server device 15 sets the section specifying parameter m for calculating the air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient, and the standard fuel consumption for each section divided into N (step S35).
Thereby, the information server device 15 searches the standard fuel consumption information corresponding to the transmitted route information and vehicle information with reference to the fuel consumption information database 16 for each driver (step S36).

Next, the information server device 15 determines whether or not the data of the mth section is already registered in the fuel efficiency information database 16 (step S37).
If it is determined in step S37 that the data of the m-th section is not registered in the fuel efficiency information database 16 (step S37; No), the information server device 15 has similar data in the driving condition similar to that section. It is determined whether or not it exists (step S41).
In the determination in step S41, if there is no similar data in the driving condition similar to that section (step S41; No), the information server device 15 adds the air conditioner coefficient calculated in step S33 to the fuel efficiency information database 16. The mounting coefficient and the standard fuel efficiency are newly registered (step S43), and the process proceeds to step S39.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of registration data for each section of the fuel consumption information database.
The section data 70 is roughly divided into actual fuel consumption data 71, air conditioner data 72, mounted weight data 73, driving skill data 74, air conditioner coefficient data 75, mounted coefficient data 76, driving skill coefficient data 77, and standard fuel efficiency data 78. ing.
A plurality of section data 70 can be stored for each driver and for each section. This is for making it possible to make a determination in consideration of various operating conditions.

If it is determined in step S41 that there is similar data that is in a driving condition similar to that section (step S41; Yes), the information server device 15 adds similar data that is in a driving condition similar to that section. The air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient and the standard fuel efficiency are added to the fuel efficiency information database 16 (step S42), and the process proceeds to step S39. In this case, since the similar data in the driving condition similar to the section is subjected to statistical processing, it can be relied on as more accurate data.
If it is determined in step S37 that the m-th section data has already been registered in the fuel consumption information database 16 (step S37; Yes), the calculated air conditioner coefficient, mounting coefficient, and standard fuel consumption are additionally registered in the fuel consumption information database 16. In step S38, it is determined whether or not the section specifying parameter m is equal to the number N of divided sections (step S39).

If the section specifying parameter m is not equal to the number of divided sections N (step S39; No) in step S39, 1 is added to the section specifying parameter m (step S40), and the next section is processed. The processing is shifted to step S36 to carry out, and the same processing is repeated.
If it is determined in step S39 that the section specifying parameter m is equal to the number N of divided sections (step S39; Yes), the information server device 15 is a car navigation device that is an in-vehicle information processing device because the processing is completed. Information such as the route standard fuel efficiency, the air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient, and the improvement point information described later is transmitted to the 12 side (step S44).

Accordingly, when the control unit 30 of the car navigation device 12 receives information such as the route standard fuel efficiency, the air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient, and the improvement point information described later from the information server device 15 (step S14), the received standard fuel efficiency and air conditioner coefficient are received. Based on the information such as the mounting coefficient, the fuel consumption (assumed fuel consumption) assumed when traveling on the actual route is calculated (step S15).
And the control part 30 displays the required fuel amount corresponding to the driver | operator currently set from the calculated estimated fuel consumption on the display part 26 (step S16).
Subsequently, the control unit 30 determines whether or not there is a shortage of fuel from the current fuel amount to the destination (point Y in the above example) (step S17). In this case, since it is determined whether or not the fuel is insufficient for each driver, the result varies depending on the driver even if the fuel amount is the same.

If it is determined in step S17 that the fuel to the destination is sufficient (step S17; No), the control unit 30 proceeds to step S19.
In the determination of step S17, when the fuel to the destination is insufficient (step S17; Yes), the control unit 30 notifies the fuel shortage (step S18). As a method of notifying of fuel shortage, it is displayed on the display unit 26 or by outputting sound through the sound reproducing unit 34.
Subsequently, the control unit 30 determines whether or not the remaining fuel amount is equal to or less than a predetermined value (step S19).

If it is determined in step S19 that the remaining fuel amount exceeds the predetermined value (step S19; No), the control unit 30 shifts the process to step S21.
If it is determined in step S19 that the remaining fuel amount is not more than the predetermined value (step S19; Yes), the control unit 30 refers to the information storage unit 31 and displays the nearest gas station on the display unit 26. Is displayed on the map screen (step S20).
Subsequently, the control unit 30 determines whether or not improvement point information has been transmitted from the information server device 15 (step S21).
This improvement point information is information that prompts to suppress the number of times of sudden acceleration, sudden braking, etc., and excessive depression of the accelerator, etc., and advice information that contributes to improving fuel efficiency if driving according to this information It is.

If the improvement information is not transmitted from the information server device 15 in the determination in step S21 (step S21; No), the control unit 30 moves the process to step S23.
When the improvement point information has been transmitted from the information server device 15 in the determination of step S21 (step S21; Yes), the control unit 30 displays the transmitted improvement point information on the display unit 26 and operates. The user is encouraged to improve (step S22).
Subsequently, the control unit 30 determines whether or not the vehicle 11 is traveling outside the guide route (step S23).

If it is determined in step S23 that the vehicle 11 is traveling in the guide route (step S23; No), the control unit 30 shifts the process to step S12, and thereafter repeats the same process. .
If it is determined in step S23 that the vehicle 11 is traveling outside the guide route (step S23; Yes), a process for resetting the route to the destination is performed (step S24), and the process proceeds to step S12. Thereafter, the same processing is repeated.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the road type, weather, the presence / absence of use of an air conditioner, the actual number of passengers in the vehicle, the weight of the load, etc. Reflecting this, it is possible to more accurately calculate the fuel consumption of the vehicle for each driver, and to support economical driving.
In the above description, the air conditioner coefficient, the mounting coefficient, and the standard fuel efficiency are calculated on the information server device 15 side. However, these functions are provided on the car navigation device 12 side that is an in-vehicle information processing device. It is also possible to

  In the above description, the driver has been described as being manually set by the user. However, when a mobile phone or the like is used as the wireless communication device 45, by registering the mobile phone user in advance, It is also possible to configure to automatically determine the user of the mobile phone as a driver. Similarly, in the case of a keyless entry system, it is also possible to perform ID registration for each key and automatically determine a user associated with the ID as a driver automatically.

  In the above description, the mounting weight detection unit 24 having the weight sensor is provided to detect the mounting weight more accurately. However, the configuration is such that the user manually inputs the number of passengers and the approximate weight of the load. Is also possible.

It is a schematic block diagram of a fuel consumption management system. It is a general | schematic block diagram of a car navigation apparatus. It is a process flowchart of a car navigation apparatus. It is a data format of route information data. This is a data format of driving situation / vehicle information data. It is a process flowchart of an information server apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the registration data for every area of a fuel consumption information database.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fuel consumption management system 11 Vehicle 12 Car navigation apparatus 13 Wireless base station 14 Communication network 15 Information server apparatus 16 Fuel consumption information database 20 Control part 21 GPS unit (running state detection part)
22 Gyro unit (running state detector)
23 Vehicle speed detector (running state detector)
24 mounted weight detection unit 25 FM receiving unit 26 display unit 27 instruction input unit 28 user interface unit 30 control unit (fuel consumption calculation unit)
31 Information storage unit 32 Recording medium read / write unit 33 Communication control unit 34 Audio playback unit 35 Memory unit 50 Route information data 51 Departure point data 52 Destination data 53 Route data 54 Weather data 55 Driver data 56 Driving skill data 60 Driving situation・ Vehicle information data 61 Vehicle type data 62 Year data 63 Engine format data 64 Transmission format data 65 Current position data 66 Road gradient data 67 Installed weight data 68 Fuel consumption data 70 Section data 71 Actual fuel consumption data 72 Air conditioner data 73 Installed weight data 74 Driving skill data 75 Air conditioner coefficient data 76 Installed coefficient data 77 Driving skill coefficient data 78 Standard fuel consumption data

Claims (7)

A traveling state detection unit that detects a traveling state of the vehicle including a condition of a traveling road or a driver's operation state of the vehicle;
A fuel consumption calculation unit that calculates fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected traveling state and the weight of the vehicle mounted;
An in-vehicle information processing apparatus comprising: The in-vehicle information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
An in-vehicle information processing apparatus comprising: an improvement information presenting unit that presents, for each driver, improvement support information in the operation of the vehicle based on the operation state and the calculated fuel consumption for each driver. The in-vehicle information processing apparatus according to claim 2,
A standard fuel consumption information acquisition unit that is connected to a server device that manages fuel consumption information via a communication network and that acquires a standard fuel consumption based on the road condition and the load capacity;
The improvement information display unit compares the calculated fuel efficiency for each driver and the standard fuel efficiency to present the improvement support information.
An in-vehicle information processing apparatus. The in-vehicle information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The in-vehicle information processing apparatus characterized in that the conditions of the traveling road include a road type and a road gradient such as a general road, an expressway, an automobile exclusive road, and an unpaved road. The in-vehicle information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The mounting weight is the weight of the vehicle bodywork, the weight of the load and the weight of the occupant,
A weight detection sensor for detecting the mounted weight is provided;
The in-vehicle information processing apparatus, wherein the fuel consumption calculation unit calculates the fuel consumption based on the mounted weight detected by the weight detection sensor. In a control method for an in-vehicle information processing apparatus mounted on a vehicle for information processing,
A traveling state detection process for detecting a traveling state of the vehicle including a condition of a road on which the vehicle is traveling or a driver's operation state of the vehicle;
A fuel consumption calculation process for calculating fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected running state and the weight of the vehicle mounted;
A control method for an in-vehicle information processing apparatus, comprising: In a control program for controlling an in-vehicle information processing apparatus mounted on a vehicle and performing information processing by a computer,
A traveling state detection function for detecting a traveling state of the vehicle including a condition of a road on which the vehicle is traveling or an operation state of the driver by the driver;
A fuel consumption calculation function for calculating a fuel consumption for each driver in association with the detected traveling state and the weight of the vehicle mounted;
A control program for causing a computer to realize the above.

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