JP2010181093A - Defrosting device in carbon dioxide circulation cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To save energy by moving the waste heat of an ammonia refrigerant circuit to a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit side and recovering the waste heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit which has conventionally been disposed in the atmosphere to use the waste heat for defrosting. <P>SOLUTION: This defrosting device for a carbon dioxide circulation cooling system for performing heat exchange between a carbon dioxide refrigerant and an ammonia refrigerant by a cascade condenser 12 to convert the carbon dioxide refrigerant to a refrigerant liquid and vaporize the ammonia refrigerant includes: a hot gas heat exchanger 16 for vaporizing the carbon dioxide refrigerant to convert it to hot gas by heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 discharged from the cascade condenser 12; and a defrosting circuit 15 for performing defrosting by sending the carbon dioxide refrigerant into the hot gas heat exchanger 16 and supplying hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger 16 into a load-side cooler 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system, and more particularly to a defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system using carbon dioxide / hot gas as a heat source for defrosting (defrost). .

  Today, from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation such as prevention of ozone layer destruction and prevention of global warming, natural refrigerants are used instead of chlorofluorocarbons, which have been widely used as refrigerants, as refrigerants for indoor air conditioning and cooling / freezing of articles. However, ammonia (NH3) having a zero ozone depletion coefficient and a global warming coefficient being zero or nearly zero has been reviewed, and the use of refrigeration apparatuses using this ammonia as a refrigerant is increasing.

  However, since ammonia is toxic to the human body, it does not supply the cold heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit directly to the load side, but is a natural refrigerant like ammonia, but has no toxic carbon dioxide (CO2, commonly known as “carbon dioxide”) A natural refrigerant cooling system configured to supply heat to the load side with a secondary refrigerant circuit that uses the refrigerant as a refrigerant is put into practical use (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  The above-described circuit using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant uses cold heat generated by the ammonia refrigerant circuit as condensed cold heat, liquefies carbon dioxide and stores it in a receiver. In addition, this liquid refrigerant is sent to the load side cooler by the liquid pump, and among the refrigerants whose heat exchange has been completed by the load side cooler, the vaporized one is condensed via the cascade condenser and returned to the receiver, and the liquid is not vaporized. The thing goes back to the receiver directly.

  Conventionally, defrosting (defrosting) of frost adhering to a load-side cooler provided in a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is generally performed by watering defrost or electric heater defrost. .

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-243350.

  However, the defrosting of the load side cooler by the watering defrost or the electric heater is a defrost system from the outside of the cooling coil, so that the heat radiation to the refrigeration warehouse or the like is large, which is contrary to energy saving.

  Therefore, the waste heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit is moved to the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit side, and the waste heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit that has been discarded to the atmosphere is recovered and used for defrosting. The technical problem which should arise arises, and this invention aims at solving this problem.

  The present invention has been proposed to achieve the above object, and the invention according to claim 1 is a load-side cooler, a cascade condenser, and carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is the load. A carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit that is circulated through the side cooler and the cascade condenser, and an ammonia refrigerant circuit that uses ammonia as a refrigerant and circulates the ammonia refrigerant through the cascade condenser. The ammonia refrigerant circuit discharged from the oil separator in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the ammonia refrigerant, converts the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a refrigerant liquid, and vaporizes the ammonia refrigerant. The carbon dioxide refrigerant is vaporized by the heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in A hot gas heat exchanger to be converted into gas, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is sent into the hot gas heat exchanger, and the hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger is supplied into the load side cooler. And a defrost circuit for defrosting the carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system.

  According to this configuration, when defrosting frost adhering to the load side cooler of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit during operation of the cooling system, heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant of the ammonia refrigerant circuit (exhaust heat) is In the gas heat exchanger, the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit is moved to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side for recovery, and the recovered exhaust heat vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a hot gas, and supplies the hot gas to the load side cooler. The frost adhering to the load side cooler is removed.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit includes a carbon dioxide receiver that stores the carbon dioxide refrigerant liquefied by heat exchange of the cascade condenser, and the defrost circuit is provided. The carbon dioxide refrigerant is supplied from the carbon dioxide receiver into the hot gas heat exchanger, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant, which has been defrosted in the load side cooler, is cooled in the load side cooler. The defrost apparatus in the carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system is configured to return the carbon dioxide refrigerant to the same carbon dioxide receiver as the carbon dioxide refrigerant that has finished.

  According to this configuration, the carbon dioxide refrigerant for cooling the load-side cooler and the carbon dioxide refrigerant for defrosting can share the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the same carbon dioxide receiver.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the second aspect, the carbon dioxide refrigeration circuit uses the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the carbon dioxide receiver as the load side cooler and the hot gas heat. Provided is a defrosting device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system that uses a single pump to feed an exchanger.

  According to this configuration, the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the carbon dioxide receiver can be supplied to the load side cooler and the hot gas heat exchanger, respectively, using a single pump.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the first, second, or third aspect, a plurality of the negative side coolers are installed in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit, and the defrost circuit includes the plurality of loads. Provided is a defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system provided so that the hot gas heat exchanger can be connected to a side cooler.

  According to this configuration, hot gas generated by one hot gas heat exchanger can be sequentially supplied to a plurality of load-side coolers by switching by the defrost circuit. Thereby, the defrost of a plurality of load side coolers can be performed using one hot gas heat exchanger.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the first, second, third, or fourth aspect, the load-side cooler is internally divided into at least two load-side cooler sections, and the defrost circuit Provides a defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system in which the hot gas heat exchanger can be connected to the load-side cooler.

  According to this configuration, among the load side cooler parts divided into at least two, in the state where one load side cooler part is in a cooling operation, the other load side cooler part is defrosted, And if the defrosting of the other load side cooler part is completed, this other load side cooler part can be cooled, and one load side cooler part can be defrosted. In this way, defrosting can be performed without stopping the cooling operation so that the other load side cooler unit performs the defrosting operation while the one load side cooler unit is performing the cooling operation. . The liquefied carbon dioxide gas generated in the defrosting operation is used for cooling the other load side cooler.

  The invention according to claim 6 is a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in which a load side cooler, a cascade condenser, carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is circulated through the load side cooler and the cascade condenser. And a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system comprising ammonia as a refrigerant and an ammonia refrigerant circuit in which the ammonia refrigerant circulates through the cascade condenser, wherein the cascade condenser is provided, and the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit is provided. A heat exchange between a carbon refrigerant and an ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit is performed, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is changed into a refrigerant liquid, and the refrigerant is vaporized from a cold heat exchange unit and an oil separator. The carbon dioxide refrigerant is vaporized by the heat generated by the ammonia refrigerant and A carbon dioxide / hot gas kit having a hot gas heat exchanger to be gasified, the heat exchange unit, the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit, and the load side cooler configured to be connectable to each other, the load side Provided is a defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system for defrosting by supplying the hot gas generated in the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit into the load side cooler when defrosting a cooler. .

  According to this configuration, when defrosting frost adhering to the load side cooler of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit during operation of the cooling system, heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant of the ammonia refrigerant circuit (exhaust heat) is In the gas heat exchanger, the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit is moved to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side for recovery, and the recovered exhaust heat vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a hot gas, and supplies the hot gas to the load side cooler. The frost adhering to the load side cooler is removed.

  In addition, when building a cooling system, bring a cooling heat exchange unit, carbon dioxide / hot gas kit, etc. to the construction site and connect them to each other to build the required cooling system in a simple and free form. Can do.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the carbon dioxide circulation / heating device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the hot gas heat exchanger has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant. A defrost device in a cooling system is provided.

  According to this configuration, heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit (exhaust heat) is recovered in the hot gas heat exchanger and transferred to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit, and the remaining heat recovered is transferred. Store in hot gas heat exchanger.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, heat (exhaust heat) generated in the ammonia refrigerant of the ammonia refrigerant circuit, which has been conventionally discarded in the atmosphere, is transferred to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in the hot gas heat exchanger. The recovered exhaust heat vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a hot gas, supplies the hot gas to the load side cooler, and removes frost adhering to the load side cooler (defrost) Therefore, energy saving effect is expected.

  In addition, when an electric heater device for defrosting is provided separately as in the prior art, heater wiring and equipment are required, and when a watering device for defrosting is provided, equipment such as a defrost water tank and a water pipe is required. However, these facilities need not be installed. Therefore, the effect which can aim at the saving of the installation cost concerning these facilities and the saving of a maintenance cost is anticipated.

  Since the carbon dioxide refrigerant for cooling the load side cooler and the carbon dioxide refrigerant for defrosting can be shared with the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the same carbon dioxide receiver, the invention according to claim 2 can be used. There is no need to prepare individual carbon dioxide receivers for storing carbon dioxide refrigerant. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, it is expected that the installation cost and the maintenance cost for the equipment such as carbon dioxide receiver can be saved.

  Since the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the carbon dioxide receiver is supplied to each of the load side cooler and the hot gas heat exchanger using a single pump, the invention according to the third aspect provides load side cooling. There is no need to prepare separate pumps for supplying carbon dioxide refrigerant to the heat exchanger and the hot gas heat exchanger. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 2, it is expected that the installation cost and the maintenance cost for equipment such as a pump can be saved.

  Since the invention according to claim 4 can perform defrosting in a plurality of load-side coolers using a single hot gas heat exchanger by switching by a defrost circuit, a plurality of load-side coolers Even if it is used, it is not necessary to install a plurality of hot gas heat exchangers. Therefore, even when a plurality of load-side coolers are used, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, 2 or 3, installation cost saving and maintenance for equipment such as a hot gas heat exchanger Expected to be able to save costs.

  According to the fifth aspect of the invention, defrosting is performed without stopping the cooling operation such that the other load side cooler is defrosted while the one load side cooler is cooled. be able to. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, an effect that defrosting can be performed without causing a decrease in cooling is expected.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, heat (exhaust heat) generated in the ammonia refrigerant of the ammonia refrigerant circuit, which has conventionally been discarded in the atmosphere, is transferred to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in the hot gas heat exchanger. The recovered exhaust heat vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a hot gas, supplies the hot gas to the load side cooler, and removes frost adhering to the load side cooler (defrost) Therefore, the effect that energy saving can be achieved is expected.

  In addition, when an electric heater device for defrosting is provided separately as in the prior art, heater wiring and equipment are required, and when a watering device for defrosting is provided, equipment such as a defrost water tank and a water pipe is required. However, these facilities need not be installed. Therefore, the effect which can aim at the saving of the installation cost concerning these facilities and the saving of a maintenance cost is anticipated.

  Furthermore, when constructing a cooling system, bring a cooling heat exchange unit, carbon dioxide / hot gas kit, etc. to the construction site and connect them to each other to construct the required cooling system in a simple and free form. Expected to be effective.

  In the invention according to claim 7, since the ammonia refrigerant heat (exhaust heat) of the ammonia refrigerant circuit recovered in the hot gas heat exchanger is recovered by the hot gas heat exchanger and surplus heat is stored, effective exhaust heat can be obtained. Can be used. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the invention of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspect, further energy saving can be achieved by more effectively using the exhaust heat.

1 is a configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which a defrost device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on 2nd Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 3rd Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 4th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 5th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 6th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 7th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 8th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 9th Example of this invention is applied. The block diagram of the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system to which the defrost apparatus based on the 10th Example of this invention is applied.

  An object of the present invention is to save energy by transferring the exhaust heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit to the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit side and recovering the exhaust heat of the ammonia refrigerant circuit that has been conventionally discarded to the atmosphere and using it for defrosting. In order to achieve the above, a load side cooler, a cascade condenser, carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in which the carbon dioxide refrigerant is circulated through the load side cooler and the cascade condenser; An ammonia refrigerant circuit in which ammonia is used as a refrigerant, and the ammonia refrigerant circulates through the cascade condenser, heat exchange between the carbon dioxide refrigerant and the ammonia refrigerant is performed by the cascade condenser, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is used as a refrigerant liquid. And a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system that vaporizes the ammonia refrigerant A hot gas heat exchanger that vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant by heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit discharged from the oil separator and converts the carbon dioxide refrigerant into hot gas, and the hot gas heat exchanger contains the hot gas heat exchanger. This is realized by providing a defrost circuit for sending a carbon dioxide refrigerant and supplying the hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger into the load side cooler for defrosting.

  Hereinafter, a defrosting apparatus in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant according to the present invention will be described with reference to preferred embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which a defrost device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. In the figure, the carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system includes a load side cooler 11, a cascade condenser 12, and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a refrigerant, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is connected to the load side cooler 11 and the cascade. A carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 circulated through the condenser 12, an ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 in which ammonia (NH 3) is used as a refrigerant, and the ammonia refrigerant circulates through the cascade condenser 12, and the like. Further, a defrost (defrost) circuit 15 is provided in a part of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13, and a hot gas heat exchanger 16 is provided between the defrost circuit 15 and the ammonia refrigerant circuit 14.

  The load-side cooler 11 and a part of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 connected to the load-side cooler 11 are, for example, a refrigerated warehouse, a refrigerated warehouse, a shipping room 1 (hereinafter collectively referred to as “refrigerated warehouse” 1 The remaining part of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 and the cascade condenser 12d, the ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 that uses ammonia refrigerant harmful to the human body, and the like are arranged outside the freezer warehouse 1. Yes.

  In the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13, a carbon dioxide receiver 17 that stores liquefied carbon dioxide refrigerant, and carbon dioxide that supplies the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide receiver 17 to the load-side cooler 11. A pump 18 is provided. The defrost circuit 15 provided in a part of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 has a carbon dioxide pump 19 for supplying the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the carbon dioxide receiver 17 to the hot gas heat exchanger 16. Is provided.

  The ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 includes an ammonia receiver 20 for storing liquefied ammonia refrigerant, an ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23 including a compressor 21 and a condenser 22, an ammonia condenser 24, and an ammonia solenoid valve 25. And is constituted by.

  The hot gas heat exchanger 16 transfers the heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 discharged from the cascade condenser 12 to the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the defrost circuit 15, and the dioxide dioxide in the defrost circuit 15. The carbon refrigerant is vaporized to generate carbon dioxide / hot gas.

  In the defrost circuit 15, a carbon dioxide electric valve 26, a carbon dioxide pressure indicating controller 27, and a carbon dioxide / pressure transmitter 28 are provided between the load side cooler 11 and the hot gas heat exchanger 16. It has been. Then, by adjusting the opening of the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26, the amount of the carbon dioxide / hot gas supplied to the load side cooler 11 can be arbitrarily adjusted including full closure. ing.

  Further, in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13, there are carbon dioxide / motor-operated valves 29, 30, 31, 32 for switching the operation of the load side cooler 11 to one of a cooling operation and a defrost operation. The inside temperature / indicator controller 33, the carbon dioxide / pressure indicator controller 34, and the carbon dioxide / pressure transmitter 35 are provided.

  Next, the operation of this carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system will be described. In this system, operations such as cooling operation and defrost operation are performed via a control unit (not shown). In the figure, the flow of carbon dioxide / hot gas in the carbon dioxide / hot gas system (defrost circuit 15) is shown by a solid line, and the flow of carbon dioxide refrigerant in the carbon dioxide / cooling system (carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13) is shown by a dotted line. The flow of ammonia refrigerant on the high pressure side of the ammonia / system (ammonia refrigerant circuit 14) is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and the flow of ammonia refrigerant on the low pressure side of the ammonia / system (ammonia refrigerant circuit 14) is indicated by a two-dot chain line.

  First, the flow of the carbon dioxide refrigerant when the load side cooler 11 is performing the cooling operation will be described. During the cooling operation, the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 31 and the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 29 are opened, and the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26 is closed. The liquefied carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide receiver 17 passes through the carbon dioxide / stop valve 36, the carbon dioxide / motor valve 31, and the carbon dioxide / motor valve 32 by the carbon dioxide pump 18. Guided to the load side cooler 11, the load side cooler 11 cools the inside of the freezer warehouse 1.

  The room temperature of the freezer warehouse 1 is controlled by opening / closing or proportionally controlling the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 31 with respect to the temperature set by the internal temperature / instruction controller 33. The liquefied carbon dioxide refrigerant vaporized at this time is sent to the cascade condenser 12 via the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 29 and the carbon dioxide / stop valve 37, and is liquefied again by the cascade condenser 12 to be carbon dioxide / receiver 17. Then, the liquid without vaporization is directly returned to the carbon dioxide receiver 17 and stored, and used for cooling. Thereafter, this cycle is repeated.

  Next, the flow of the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit 14 during the cooling operation will be described. The ammonia refrigerant stored in the ammonia receiver 20 exits from the ammonia receiver 20 as a liquid refrigerant, passes through the ammonia / electromagnetic valve 25, and is sent to the cascade condenser 12. The gas cade condenser 12 cools and liquefies the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 returning from the load-side cooler 11 as described above.

  On the other hand, the ammonia liquid refrigerant obtained by cooling the carbon dioxide gas in the cascade condenser 12 is gasified and sucked into the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23. Further, it is compressed by the compressor 21 and the condenser 22 in the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23 to become high-temperature high-pressure gas, and further sent to the ammonia / water-cooled condenser 24. Then, after the latent heat is taken away by the ammonia / water cooling condenser 24 and liquefied, it is stored in the ammonia receiver 25 and used for cooling. Thereafter, this cycle is repeated.

  Next, the flow of the carbon dioxide refrigerant and the flow of the ammonia refrigerant during the defrost operation will be described. When the operation is switched to the defrost operation, the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 31 and the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 29 are closed in conjunction with the switching, and the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26 is opened.

  The carbon dioxide medium liquefied and stored in the carbon dioxide receiver 17 passes through the carbon dioxide / motor valve 38 by the carbon dioxide booster pump 19 and is sent to the carbon dioxide / hot gas heat exchanger 16.

  The liquefied carbon dioxide sent to the carbon dioxide / hot gas heat exchanger 16 exchanges heat in the carbon dioxide / hot gas heat exchanger 16 with the ammonia refrigerant heated to high temperature / high pressure by the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23. The phase changes to carbon dioxide hot gas. The generated carbon dioxide hot gas passes through the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26 and is sent to the load side cooler 11 to melt and remove (defrost) the frost adhering to the load side cooler 11. On the other hand, the ammonia refrigerant deprived of latent heat in the carbon dioxide / hot gas heat exchanger 16 is liquefied and returned to the ammonia receiver 20, and the vaporized without being liquefied is condensed via the ammonia / water cooling condenser 24. And returned to the ammonia receiver 20.

  Further, the carbon dioxide hot gas sent to the load side cooler 11 is deprived of latent heat and liquefied, and passes through the carbon dioxide / motor valve 30 and the carbon dioxide / stop valve 37 to form the carbon dioxide receiver 17. Then, the liquefied product is liquefied again by the cascade condenser 12 and returned to the carbon dioxide receiver 17. The carbon dioxide refrigerant returned after liquefaction is used again as a cooling refrigerant. Therefore, it becomes effective use of energy and contributes to energy saving.

  During the defrost operation, the carbon dioxide / pressure indication controller 27 detects the pressure of the carbon dioxide hot gas by the carbon dioxide / pressure transmitter 28 and controls the flow rate of the carbon dioxide hot gas. The carbon dioxide / pressure indicating controller 34 detects the pressure of carbon dioxide / hot gas at the outlet of the load-side cooler 11 with the carbon dioxide / pressure transmitter 35 and grasps the defrost state to detect carbon dioxide / Perform hot gas flow control.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment, when the frost adhering to the load-side cooler 11 during the operation of the cooling system is defrosted, it is generated by the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23 of the ammonia refrigerant circuit. Heat generated by the ammonia refrigerant (exhaust heat) is transferred to the carbon dioxide refrigerant side of the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 13 by the carbon dioxide / hot gas heat exchanger 16 and recovered, and the recovered exhaust heat vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant. Since the carbon dioxide hot gas is changed to carbon dioxide hot gas and the carbon dioxide hot gas is supplied to the load side cooler 11 to remove frost attached to the load side cooler 11, energy saving can be achieved.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defrost device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the second embodiment has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1 except that the refrigeration warehouse 1, the carbon dioxide / motor valve 26, and the load side coolers 11, 11 Since the switching motor-operated valves 39a and 39b provided between them are added and the other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the second embodiment, when the defrosting operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a opened and the switching motor valve 39b closed, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is stored in the freezer warehouse (A ) The frost that is supplied to the load-side cooler 11 and adheres to the load-side cooler 11 can be defrosted. Conversely, when the defrost operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a closed and the switching motor valve 39b opened, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is cooled on the load side of the refrigeration warehouse (B) 1. The frost that is supplied to the cooler 11 and adheres to the load side cooler 11 can be defrosted. Therefore, using one hot gas heat exchanger 16, the load side cooler 11 of the refrigerated warehouse (A) 1 and the load side cooler 11 of the refrigerated warehouse (B) 1 can be defrosted alternately.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defrost device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the third embodiment has an ammonia / re-evaporation heat exchanger 40, an ammonia / electromagnetic valve 41, an ammonia / suction pressure adjustment valve 42a, and ammonia in the configuration shown in FIG. Since the flow rate adjusting valve 42b is added and the other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the third embodiment, the ammonia refrigerant which is changed into high temperature / high pressure gas by the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23 and sent to the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is converted into the ammonia / re-evaporation heat exchanger 40 and the ammonia.・ Through the water-cooled condenser 24, the ammonia / re-evaporation heat exchanger 40 and the ammonia / water-cooled condenser 24 take away more latent heat of the ammonia refrigerant and return it to the ammonia receiver 20 in a completely liquefied state. It is.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defrost device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the fourth embodiment includes a load side cooler (A) 11 and a load provided in the freezer warehouse (A) 1 and the freezer warehouse (B) 1 shown in FIG. The side cooler (B) 11 is provided in the same freezer warehouse 1 and switching electric valves 39a and 39b provided between the carbon dioxide / motor valve 26 and the load side coolers 11 and 11 are added. Since other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 2, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the fourth embodiment, when the defrosting operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a opened and the switching motor valve 39b closed, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is converted into the load side cooler ( The frost that is supplied to A) 11 and adheres to the load-side cooler (A) 11 can be defrosted (defrosted). Conversely, when the defrost operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a closed and the switching motor valve 39b opened, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated by the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is supplied to the load side cooler (B) 11. Thus, the frost attached to the load side cooler (B) 11 can be defrosted. Therefore, by using one hot gas heat exchanger 16, the two load side coolers (A) 11 and the load side cooler (B) 11 disposed in the same freezer warehouse 1 are alternately removed. Can be frosted.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defrost device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the fifth embodiment eliminates the carbon dioxide / pressure booster pump 19 that sends the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the carbon dioxide / receiver 17 to the hot gas heat exchanger 16 in the configuration shown in FIG. The carbon dioxide refrigerant in the carbon dioxide receiver 17 is also used as a carbon dioxide pump 18 that sends the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the load side cooler (A) 11 and the load side cooler (B) 11. Since they are the same as those in FIG. 2, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the fifth embodiment, when the carbon dioxide pump 18 is operated with the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 31 and the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 29 open and the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26 closed, The carbon dioxide refrigerant is sent to the load-side cooler (A) 11 and / or the load-side cooler (B) 11 to perform a cooling operation. On the other hand, when the carbon dioxide pump 18 is operated with the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 31 and the carbon dioxide motor-operated valve 29 closed and the carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 26 opened, the load side cooler (A) from the carbon dioxide receiver 17 is operated. 11 and / or the carbon dioxide refrigerant sent to the load side cooler (B) 11 is stopped, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is sent to the hot gas heat exchanger 16. The carbon dioxide / hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is sent to the load side cooler (A) 11 or the load side cooler (B) 11 to perform the defrost operation. Therefore, in the structure of the fifth embodiment, the number of pumps can be reduced.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defroster according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. In the carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system in the sixth embodiment, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the load-side cooler 11 is divided into a load-side cooler portion 11a and a load-side cooler portion 11b, and In addition, switching electric valves 39a and 39b provided between the load side cooler portions 11a and 11b and the carbon dioxide / motor valve 26 are added, and the other basic configuration is the same as in FIG. Constituent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.

  In the sixth embodiment, when the defrost operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a opened and the switching motor valve 39b closed, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated by the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is converted into the load side cooler section. It is possible to defrost frost that is supplied to 11a and adheres to the load-side cooler unit 11a. On the contrary, when the defrost operation is performed with the switching motor valve 39a closed and the switching motor valve 39b opened, the carbon dioxide / hot gas generated by the hot gas heat exchanger 16 is supplied to the load side cooler unit 11b. The frost adhering to the load side cooler portion 11b can be defrosted. Therefore, half of the load-side cooler 11 (load-side cooler unit 11a or load-side cooler unit 11b) in the same refrigeration warehouse 1 is used for cooling operation, and the other half (load-side cooler unit 11b or load-side cooler unit). In 11a), the defrosting operation can be performed simultaneously.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defroster according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the seventh embodiment is provided with a plurality of (four in the embodiment) hot gas heat exchangers 16, 16, 16, 16 in the configuration shown in FIG. Since other basic configurations are the same as those in FIG. 5, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

In the configuration of the seventh embodiment, a plurality of hot gas heat exchangers 16, 16, 16, and 16 are used while being sequentially switched. By doing so, the high temperature in the hot gas heat exchangers 16, 16, 16, 16 can be kept almost constant, and more stable carbon dioxide / hot gas can be supplied to the load side coolers 11, 11 side. Can be supplied. It should be noted that the hot gas heat exchanger 16 should not be limited to one provided with a plurality of units, and for example, a system with one unit installed is also possible.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defroster according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the eighth embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 except that the components disposed outside the freezer warehouse 1 are carbon dioxide and ammonia circulation cooling unit 43 and carbon dioxide / hot gas. The kit 44 is divided into units, and the other basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. 5. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  The ammonia circulation cooling unit 43 includes the cascade condenser 12, the carbon dioxide receiver 17, the carbon dioxide pump 18, the ammonia receiver 20, the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23, and the ammonia / water cooling. The condenser 24, the ammonia / electromagnetic valve 25, the carbon dioxide / stop valve 36, the carbon dioxide / stop valve 37, the coupling 45 a and the coupling 45 b are formed as one unit.

  On the other hand, the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit 44 includes the hot gas heat exchanger 16, the carbon dioxide / pressure pump 19, the carbon dioxide / motor valve 26, the carbon dioxide / pressure indicator controller 27, The carbon dioxide / pressure transmitter 28, the carbon dioxide / motor valve 38, a kit automatic control panel 47 for controlling the entire operation of the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit 44, a coupling 46a and a coupling 46b, These are formed as one unit.

  The carbon dioxide / ammonia circulation cooling unit 43 and the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit 44 are each brought into a construction site in a united state, and the necessary parts at the construction site are connected to each other into one system. Assembled. If the component parts are unitized as in the eighth embodiment, construction on site is simplified.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defroster according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the ninth embodiment has the structure shown in FIG. 8, two refrigeration warehouses (C) 1 and Refrigeration warehouse (D) 1, and the refrigeration warehouse (C). 1 and one carbon dioxide and ammonia circulation cooling unit 43 connected to the freezer warehouse (D) 1 are added, and the two carbon dioxide and ammonia circulation cooling is performed by the two carbon dioxide hot gas kits 44. The units 43 and 43 are controlled, and the other basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. 8, and therefore the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.

  In the structure of this embodiment, cooling and defrosting are performed in the four refrigerated warehouses (A) 1, (B) 1, (C) 1, and (D) 1 without increasing the number of carbon dioxide / hot gas kits 44. Can do.

  Next, a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system to which the defroster according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. In the carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to the tenth embodiment, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the hot gas heat exchanger 16 has the same heat exchange function as the hot gas heat exchanger 16. Since the other configuration is the same as that of FIG. 2, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.

  The defrost heat storage tank 47 stores therein a heat storage agent 48 such as water, for example, and a carbon dioxide hot gas / heat exchanger section 47 a and an ammonia heating / heat exchanger section 47 b are arranged in the heat storage agent 48. It is installed.

  In the defrost heat storage tank 47, when the ammonia refrigerant heated to high temperature and pressure in the ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 23 passes through the ammonia heating / heat exchanger section 47b, the heat storage agent 48 is deprived of heat and heated, and The heat is transferred to the carbon dioxide refrigerant sent to the carbon dioxide hot gas / heat exchanger 47a by the carbon dioxide / pressure booster pump 19, and the phase change of the carbon dioxide refrigerant to carbon dioxide hot gas is performed. The gas is sent to the load side cooler 11 and the load side cooler 11 is defrosted with the carbon dioxide hot gas, and excess heat is stored.

  In the tenth embodiment, the ammonia refrigerant heat (exhaust heat) of the ammonia refrigerant circuit recovered in the defrost heat storage tank 47 is recovered in the defrost heat storage tank 47 and the surplus heat is stored. Is possible. The defrost heat storage tank 47 may be used in place of the hot gas heat exchanger 16 in the first to ninth embodiments.

  It should be noted that the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention naturally extends to the modified ones.

  As described above, the present invention is a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system using carbon dioxide / hot gas as a heat source for defrosting (defrost), so it is applicable not only to a freezer warehouse but also to a freezer showcase, for example. it can.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Refrigerated warehouse 11 Load side cooler 11a Load side cooler part 11b Load side cooler part 12 Cascade condenser 13 Carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit 14 Ammonia refrigerant circuit 15 Defrost circuit 16 Hot gas heat exchanger 17 Carbon dioxide receiver 18 Carbon dioxide receiver Pump 19 Carbon dioxide / Pressure pump 20 Ammonia / receiver 21 Compressor 22 Oil separator 23 Ammonia refrigerant / refrigeration unit 24 Ammonia / water-cooled condenser 25 Ammonia / electromagnetic valve 26 Carbon dioxide / motor-operated valve 27 Carbon dioxide / pressure indicating regulator 28 CO 2 Carbon / pressure transmitter 29 Carbon dioxide / motor valve 30 Carbon dioxide / motor valve 31 Carbon dioxide / motor valve 32 Carbon dioxide / flow control valve 33 Chamber temperature / indicator regulator 34 Carbon dioxide / pressure indicator regulator 35 Pressure transmitter 36 Carbon dioxide Stop valve 37 Carbon dioxide / stop valve 38 Carbon dioxide / motor valve 39a Switching motor valve 39b Switching motor valve 40 Ammonia / re-evaporation heat exchanger 41 Ammonia / electromagnetic valve 42a Ammonia / suction pressure regulating valve 42b Ammonia / flow rate regulating valve 43 Carbon dioxide and ammonia circulation cooling unit 44 Carbon dioxide hot gas kit 47 Defrost heat storage tank (hot gas heat exchanger)
47a Carbon dioxide hot gas / heat exchanger section 47b Ammonia heating / heat exchanger section 48 Heat storage agent

Claims (7)

A load side cooler, a cascade condenser, carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in which the carbon dioxide refrigerant is circulated through the load side cooler and the cascade condenser; and ammonia as a refrigerant; An ammonia refrigerant circuit in which the ammonia refrigerant circulates through the cascade condenser, heat exchange between the carbon dioxide refrigerant and the ammonia refrigerant is performed by the cascade condenser, the carbon dioxide refrigerant is changed into a refrigerant liquid, and the ammonia In the carbon dioxide circulation and cooling system that vaporizes the refrigerant,
A hot gas heat exchanger that vaporizes the carbon dioxide refrigerant to generate hot gas by heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit discharged from the oil separator;
A defrost circuit for sending the carbon dioxide refrigerant into the hot gas heat exchanger and supplying the hot gas generated in the hot gas heat exchanger into the load side cooler for defrosting;
A defrosting device for a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system.   The carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit includes a carbon dioxide receiver that stores the carbon dioxide refrigerant liquefied by heat exchange of the cascade condenser, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant to the defrost circuit is supplied from the carbon dioxide receiver to the hot gas. The carbon dioxide refrigerant that has been supplied into the heat exchanger and has been defrosted in the load-side cooler is placed in the same carbon dioxide receiver as the carbon dioxide refrigerant that has been cooled in the load-side cooler. 2. The defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the defrost device is returned.   The carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit is configured to send the carbon dioxide refrigerant stored in the carbon dioxide receiver to the load side cooler and the hot gas heat exchanger using a single pump. The defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to claim 2.   A plurality of the negative side coolers are installed in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit, and the defrost circuit is provided to connect and switch the hot gas heat exchanger to the plurality of load side coolers. The defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to claim 1, 2 or 3.   The load-side cooler is internally divided into at least two load-side cooler sections, and the defrost circuit is provided so that the hot gas heat exchanger can be switched to the load-side cooler section. The defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4. A load side cooler, a cascade condenser, carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and a carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit in which the carbon dioxide refrigerant is circulated through the load side cooler and the cascade condenser; and ammonia as a refrigerant; In a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system comprising an ammonia refrigerant circuit in which ammonia refrigerant circulates through the cascade condenser,
The cascade condenser is provided, performs heat exchange between the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the carbon dioxide refrigerant circuit and the ammonia refrigerant in the ammonia refrigerant circuit, converts the carbon dioxide refrigerant into a refrigerant liquid, and the ammonia A cold heat exchange unit for vaporizing the refrigerant;
A carbon dioxide hot gas kit having a hot gas heat exchanger that evaporates the carbon dioxide refrigerant by the heat generation of the ammonia refrigerant discharged from the defrost heat exchanger and turns it into hot gas;
The heat exchange unit, the carbon dioxide / hot gas kit, and the load-side cooler are configured to be connectable to each other, and when the load-side cooler is defrosted, A defrost device in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system, wherein the generated hot gas is supplied into the load side cooler for defrosting.   The defrost apparatus in a carbon dioxide circulation / cooling system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the hot gas heat exchanger has a heat storage function for storing heat generated in the ammonia refrigerant.

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