JP2010174876A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Turbine blade machining method and turbine blade machining apparatus

The present invention relates to a method for processing turbine blades and turbocharger blades used in aircraft jet engines and turbines for power generators, and a turbine blade processing apparatus, and more particularly, to various parts of the turbine blade material that are burned and altered. the in which relates to the processing apparatus of novel turbine blade is achieved a processing method and fully automated machining of turbine blades that are precision machined without causing.

  In recent years, for example, responding to the increase in international logistics by aircraft and increasing demands for low fuel consumption to improve the global environment, improving the performance of turbine blades that can reduce the weight of aircraft jet engines and improve fuel efficiency Is a big issue. The shape of the turbine blade includes a root portion (root portion), a blade portion (intermediate blade portion), and a shroud portion (outer mantle portion). In particular, the intermediate blade portion has a three-dimensional shape and is thinned, and the turbine blade is enlarged. Therefore, in the turbine blade material having the three-dimensional curved surface, a new processing technique and a processing apparatus for achieving a processing method for processing with high accuracy by fully automatic processing are essential.

  The above-described turbine blade machining method or machining apparatus is generally a machining method using a 4-axis or 5-axis machine. In the above-described turbine blade multi-axis machine and workpiece machining method, the machining accuracy of the turbine blade as a workpiece is governed by the accuracy of the relative positional relationship between the machining tool and the workpiece clamped on the workpiece table. For this reason, in addition to the chuck and work table for holding the processing tool, the entire processing machine is made highly rigid to support high-precision processing. However, in the above processing machine, the tool may resonate and cause chatter vibration, which adversely affects the processing accuracy of the workpiece surface, so as a measure to prevent this, measure the vibration of the tool being processed and the processing machine, There are things that change the operating conditions when chatter vibration is occurring.

  One of the specific means for changing the operating condition is a multi-axis machining machine having a plurality of operating shafts, a workpiece holding unit holding a workpiece to be machined, and the workpiece holding unit holding the workpiece A machining tool holding unit that holds a machining tool for machining a workpiece, a vibration detection unit that detects chatter vibration generated in the workpiece held by the workpiece holding unit, and chatter vibration is detected by the vibration detection unit. And a controller that changes a machining condition for the workpiece by the machining tool held by the machining tool holding unit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, since the intermediate blade portion is particularly thin in the turbine blade material, a jig for clamping the intermediate blade portion with high accuracy is required. The following are known as conventional clamping jigs.
1. As shown in FIGS. 24A to 24D , the reference pin and the screwing type are as follows: (1) The blade is received by three pins (a). (2) The length direction P1 is received by one pin (b). (3) The length direction P2 is received by one pin (c). (4) With 6 points of reference, any place is screwed and fixed. Binding force is weak.
2, casting method, as seen in FIG. 24 (a) (b), (1), by the reference pin and the screw-type supports six issues a reference in the root portion and the shroud portion. (2) FIGS. 25 (a) to 25 (c) , in which the blade portion is fixed to the frame, and is restrained and fixed by casting with a low melting metal (lead-tin alloy). The advantage of this casting method is that when machining both ends of the turbine blade material, it can be constrained and fixed with high accuracy without causing distortion or bending of the thin blade portion of the three-dimensional curved surface.
3. An example of a dedicated fixing device is an intermediate object (turbine blade material) that is used together with the fixing device to form a highly accurate shaped part, and the intermediate object includes a tip portion and the tip A first region that is spaced apart from the first portion, and a first locator disposed in the first surface, and extending in a longitudinal direction from the root region. A longitudinal extension region, and a second locator formed in the longitudinal extension region of the intermediate object, the second locator being disposed in the first plane, When the intermediate object is inserted into the fixing device, the intermediate object is clamped by the respective locators of the fixing device so that the intermediate object can be machined into the high precision shaped part (e.g. , See Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, the turbine blade material is thinned particularly in the intermediate blade portion. Therefore, if the intermediate blade portion is processed, the intermediate blade portion is processed by holding both end portions of the turbine blade on the outside (machine side arranged outside). Since the part is pushed by the blade and escapes to generate vibration, the blade life is short, the surface roughness of the blade is poor, and the machining dimensions are not uniform. Therefore, as a measure against the escape of the intermediate blade, both end portions of the turbine blade are pulled outward to reduce the escape amount of the intermediate blade.

  JP-A-2005-74568   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-829

  The turbine blade multi-axis processing machine and the workpiece processing method described above have an advantage that chatter vibration during the processing of the intermediate blade portion can be avoided and high-precision and efficient processing can be performed. However, the structure of the workpiece holding part of the turbine blade is unclear. That is, the configuration of the holding means for holding the flexible blade part is not described, and the holding means for the root part (root part) and the shroud part (outer part) are also described in detail, so it is important to avoid chatter vibration. The problem of the work holding part that is an element has not been solved.

  Further, the reference pin and the screwing type in the conventional clamping jig have a weak binding force of the blade workpiece, and chatter vibration cannot be avoided. The casting method has a strong binding force of the blade work and can avoid chatter vibration. However, lead is harmful to the human body, and the turbine blade material removed from casting must be pickled. Furthermore, the dedicated fixing device presses and supports the blade portion with a large number of pins, and the shape accuracy and mechanical strength of the three-dimensional curved blade surface are weak and easily distorted. Because each blade component has different dimensional accuracy, it requires re-adjustment by each manual operation every time it is replaced. Therefore, it takes a lot of time and labor to fix the blade, and the fixing system also varies. There remains a problem that high machining accuracy and high-efficiency machining cannot be performed.

  In addition to the above, the biggest problem during the processing of the turbine blade is a burning phenomenon due to processing heat at the processing point. Although the turbine blade material has a property of rapidly changing when the processing heat at the processing point exceeds about 630 ° C., each of the above known techniques does not disclose detection or control means for processing heat generation at the processing point, No issues or measures to prevent the phenomenon are disclosed. In particular, in a turbine blade used in an aircraft jet engine, material deterioration due to processing heat is a major problem that impairs reliability, and a processing method that has been quickly solved and a turbine blade using the processing method are demanded.

The present invention has been made in view of various problems in conventional processing methods and processing apparatuses for processing the turbine blades, jigs for work holding apparatuses, and the like. The purpose is to establish a machining method for machining each part of the turbine blade (root part, shroud part, especially the intermediate blade part) with high accuracy without causing burning and alteration in each part of the turbine blade material, and fully automatic machining. The present invention provides a novel processing apparatus that achieves the above.

In order to achieve the above object, a turbine blade machining method according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a blade gripping step of gripping a blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, and an exposed root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade. Both-end machining step for machining at the same time or before and after, the both-end gripping step for removing the turbine blade from the blade gripper to grip the processed root portion and shroud portion, and the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade are altered. and feather processing step of processing at temperatures below the processing method of a turbine blade made from feather processing step of processing the ends machining process and the blade unit for processing and the route portion and the shroud portion, based on the simultaneous multi-axis control The blade processing process, which processes the blade part, consists of end milling, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control. It characterized in that it automatically processing the movement of the raised by the motion capture teaching.

A turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention includes a blade gripper that grips a blade portion located in the center of the turbine blade, and a root portion and a shroud portion that are gripped by the blade gripper at the same time or Both-end processed parts processed back and forth, both-end gripping tools for holding the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, and a blade processed part for processing the blade part located at the center of the turbine blade at a temperature lower than or equal to the alteration temperature. In the turbine blade processing apparatus provided, the both-end processing unit includes a spindle head that performs end milling and grinding under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection unit that detects a processing temperature of the turbine blade material, and a temperature control unit thereof. The spindle head is equipped with a motion capture that automatically controls the motion of hand finishing by motion capture teaching. A control unit, and the blade processing unit includes a spindle head composed of end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection unit for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material, and its operation control unit. and characterized in that with.

The turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention is the turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the blade gripping tool includes a blade inserted into the cylinder, a positioning pin and freezing, or gypsum is paraffin or the like. It is characterized by being fixed with a solidified material .

A turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention is the turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the blade gripping tool is configured such that a blade portion inserted into a cylindrical body is made of steel balls, sand, beads, or the like. It is characterized by being pressed and fixed with a spherical material .

The turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is the turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the both-end gripping tool has recesses that respectively fit into the root portion and the shroud portion inserted into the cylinder. It is fixed by a pair of hinge-shaped molds provided, and a receiving tool is provided on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force from the blade of the blade portion of the turbine blade on the hinge-shaped frame .

  According to the turbine blade machining method of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion is processed by end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control. Finishing and precision finishing are continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C or less, which causes material changes, and the burning phenomenon can be completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Can be processed automatically.

Further, according to the turbine blade machining apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion is processed by an end mill, buff, By polishing, rough machining, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing can be continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, which causes a material change, and the burning phenomenon can be completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Automatic processing can be performed.

Further, according to the turbine blade processing apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion can be reliably fixed to the positioning pin with a solidifying material such as freezing, gypsum, or paraffin. In addition, for gripping the root part and the shroud part, the root part and the shroud part inserted into the cylinder are fixed with a pair of hinge-shaped molds that are fitted into the root part and the shroud part. Since the blade is provided on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force from the blade, the thin and easily distorted blade is not bent, the surface roughness is not deteriorated, and the processing dimensions are uniform. Precision machining is possible. Furthermore, the blade | wing part inserted in the cylinder can be firmly fixed by pressurizing with spherical materials, such as a steel ball and sand. And while filling a sand material as a to-be-held material inserted in the cylinder, liquids, such as water, can be inject | poured and solidified firmly. In addition, in any of the processing apparatuses, the operation of removing the gripped material from the cylinder can be performed simply and quickly.

It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the processing method procedure of a turbine blade. It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the manufacturing process of a blade | wing part. It is an operation | movement procedure figure which shows embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade. It is an operation | movement procedure figure which shows embodiment of this invention and changes the both ends of a turbine blade. It is an operation | movement procedure figure which shows embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade. It is an operation | movement procedure figure which shows embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade. 1 is a front view of a multi-axis control machine tool for machining a blade portion of a turbine blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the multi-axis control machine tool which shows embodiment of this invention and processes a both-ends process part. It is an embodiment of the present invention and is a front view of motion capture teaching by a polishing machine. It is an operation | movement procedure figure which shows embodiment of this invention and processes a blade | wing part continuously. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a blade gripping tool for fixing a turbine blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade . 1 is a cross-sectional view of a blade gripping tool for fixing a turbine blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a liquid icing process according to the embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a front view of a refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a coagulation process of wax granules / curable resin granules according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the heating unit according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of one end of a both-end holding tool for fixing the turbine blade according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade . It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade . It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade . It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows embodiment of this invention and fixes a turbine blade .   It is a process diagram of a conventional pin method and a reference pin and screwing type.   It is a process drawing of a casting method showing a conventional clamping method.

  Hereinafter, each embodiment of the present invention will be described sequentially with reference to FIGS.

  The turbine blade machining method according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following main components. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the processing method (1) of the turbine blade 1 is performed in a turbine blade (hereinafter also referred to as a blade) 1 including a root portion 1B, a shroud portion 1C, and a blade portion 1A. The blade gripping step (A) for gripping the blade portion 1A located at the center with the blade gripper 10, and the both ends for roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing processing simultaneously or before and after the exposed root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C. A machining step (B), a both-end gripping step (C) in which the turbine blade 1 is removed from the blade gripper and the processed root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C are gripped by the both-end grippers 30, 40, and the turbine blade 1 The blade processing step (D) for processing the blade portion 1A located at the center of the blade at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. The both-end processing step (B) includes a shroud processing step (B1) in FIG. 3 and a route processing step (B2) in FIG. These machining processes are performed continuously at the temperature of about 630 ° C or less, where the roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing cause material changes in the order of end mill EM and grinding wheel polishing TK by the simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH1. Burning phenomenon is prevented. The simultaneous multi-axis control means an arbitrary number of axes from 2 axes to 6 axes, and an arbitrary number of axes control is applied.

The both-end processing step (B) is performed, for example, by a continuous processing procedure (common name: piranha processing procedure) of the shroud processing step (B1) and the root processing step (B2) shown in FIGS.
STE1: In the shroud processing of FIG. 3, a large number of turbine blades 1 holding the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 with the blade gripping tool 10 are pooled as standby workpieces, one of which is pushed out to be the first. It is held by the turning chuck C1 of the main shaft S1. The shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 is, for example, in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding wheel polishing TK in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding stone polishing TK by the simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH1 at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less. It is processed continuously to prevent the burning phenomenon. After machining, after the machining head KH1 retreats, the turning chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 approaches the shroud portion 1C side of the turbine blade 1.
STE2: In the automatic transfer shown in FIG. 4, the revolving chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 approaches the shroud 1C side of the blade 1 and grips the shroud 1C side of the blade gripper 10 and grips the root 1B. The turning chuck C1 of the first main spindle S1 is opened and automatically held.
STE3: In the root machining shown in FIG. 5, rough machining, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing cause material changes in the order of the end mill EM and grinding wheel polishing TK by the machining head KH1 in which the root portion 1B of the turbine blade 1 is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. It is processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower to prevent the burning phenomenon. After machining, the turning chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 opens the shroud portion 1C, and the blade 1 is discharged to the outside.
STE4: In the processing of the standby workpiece by the automatic extrusion of FIG. 6, one of the pooled outside of the turning chuck C1 of the first spindle S1 is pushed out and held by the turning chuck C1 of the first spindle S1. The milling head KH1 in which the shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 is simultaneously multiaxially controlled is continuously processed in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding wheel polishing TK in the order of roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less at which the material changes. Is processed to prevent the burning phenomenon. Thereafter, in the same manner, both end portions (root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C) of the newly grasped turbine blade 1 are automatically processed sequentially.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, the blade machining step (D) is made of rough machining, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing in the order of end mill EM, buff BF, and polishing BK in the order of simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH2. It is processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, which causes a change, to prevent burning. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the blade part 1A is processed by the end mill EM, buff BF, and polishing BK under the simultaneous multi-axis control. Automatic processing incorporating the skill of a skilled worker is performed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less, which causes a material change by more faithful feedback operation. The polishing BK employs belt polishing or various existing polishing methods.

Next, the configuration of the turbine blade machining apparatus M0 that realizes the turbine blade machining method according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the first embodiment, which is the basic configuration, grips the blade gripping tool 10 between the chuck (swivel chuck) C1 of the first spindle S1 and the chuck (swivel chuck) C2 of the second spindle S2. The turbine blade machining apparatus MO is based on a multi-axis control machine tool equipped with a machining head KH1 that simultaneously and multi-axis controls the root part 1B and the shroud part 1C alternately.

Furthermore, the configuration of the processing device M0 of the turbine blades, as seen in FIG. 8, the blade gripping tool 10 for gripping the wing portion 1A located in the center of the turbine blade 1 is grasped in this blade gripping tool 10 exposed In the machining head KH2 that is simultaneously multi-axially controlled before and after the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C, rough machining and grinding in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding stone polishing TK2 by multi-axis control with the central turning chuck SC0 disposed in the center. A multi-axis control machine tool MO provided with both end machining portions 20 for intermediate finishing and precision finishing may be used. Moreover, the both-ends processing part 20 which processes the root | route part 1B and the shroud part 1C is the temperature of the function which grind | polishes an end mill and a grindstone under the simultaneous multi-axis control of the CNC control apparatus 300, and the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 by temperature. A temperature detection unit 60 to detect and a temperature control unit 70 are provided.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, both-end gripping tools 30, 40 for gripping the root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 and the both-end gripping tools 30, 40 are simultaneously used by the swing chuck C1 and the swing chuck C2. In this state, the blade processing unit for processing each processing of the end mill EM, the buff BF, and the belt polishing BK at a temperature lower than or equal to the alteration temperature by the processing head KH2 in which the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. A multi-axis control machine tool 100 constituting a turbine blade machining apparatus M0 equipped with 50 is used. The processing head KH2 of the blade processing unit 50 includes a temperature detection unit 60 for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 by thermobuffling so as to process the blade unit 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. And a temperature controller 70. Further, the blade machining unit 50 is a machining head KH2 for each other axis control having the simultaneous multi-axis control function of the CNC control device 300.

Further, the processing head KH1, KH2 the multi-axis control, movement of the hand finishing, delicate work separating by skilled workers, up read by the camera CM, this information is motion capture teaching the motion capture controller 330. By the playback operation of this motion capture teaching, the multi-axis control machining head KH2 and other control axes are controlled by skilled workers to perform fully automatic machining. Note that the motion capture teaching is performed on the multi-axis control machine tool MO as shown in FIG. 8, and the buff BF of the polishing machine KMO as in the multi-axis control machine tool 100 shown in FIG. The manual operation performed by the skilled worker M is read by the camera CM, and this information is processed by the motion capture control unit 330 into operation data for motion capture teaching. The operation data may be input to the CNC control device 300 of the multi-axis control machine tool 100 to perform the playback operation.

In the blade processing part 50, the gripping action of the root part 1B and the shroud part 1C by the both-end grippers 30, 40 and the processing procedure for processing the blade part 1A will be described. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a description will be given of a method of attaching the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 for processing the very large turbine blade 1 ′ by the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 having the anti- blur function. First, the “material” has a total length of 1880 mm. Next, the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 that become “piranha jigs” are provided with recesses O1 and O2 that fit into the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C, respectively, in the respective cylinders 30a, 30b, 40a, and 40b. It is the both-ends gripping tools 30 and 40 of a pair of hinge-shaped formwork connected so that it is possible. And "attachment" surrounds each cylindrical body 30a, 30b, 40a, 40b of the said both-ends holding tools 30,40 by the root | route part 1B and the shroud part 1C, and is bolted. In “machining”, end milling, buffing, and polishing are performed by a multi-axis control machining head KH2. At the time of this processing, the following receiving structures 30 and 40 are provided at both end grippers 30 and 40 in order to support from below the blade part 1A of the turbine blade that is pushed by the cutter (end mill) EM and escapes downward. The "receiver" is provided with receptacles 33 and 43 on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force from the blades on the blades 1A of the turbine blades on the cylindrical bodies 30a and 40b of the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 of the hinge-shaped form, The upper receiving member 33 jumps in a direction that does not interfere with processing, and the lower receiving member 43 is pressed against the lower surface of the blade portion 1A to receive a pressing force from the blade, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the blade portion 1A. Processing is possible.

Hereinafter, the detailed configuration of each embodiment will be described in the turbine blade machining apparatus M0, 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention. First, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the first embodiment of the blade gripping tool 10 that grips the blade portion 1 </ b> A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 surrounds and grips the blade portion 1 </ b> A of the turbine blade 1. Therefore, positioning pins P1, P2,... That abut against the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 protrude from the outer peripheral wall 11A of the cylinder 11 into the cylinder. After this, the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 inserted into the cylinder is temporarily fixed with positioning pins P1, P2,... And fixed in a state where the one-side opening on the lower side of the cylinder is closed. A solidification part (solidification system) 400 that fills the internal space of the body 11 with liquid (water, tap water, pure water) W1 and freezes it as a solidification material is disposed outside. Further, instead of the liquid (water / tap water / pure water) W1, a solidified portion (filled with wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin and curable resin granules W2 and made into a molten liquid WO, which is fixed as a solidifying material ( The coagulation system 500 is arranged outside. The solidification part (solidification system) 400 is shown in FIG. 16, and the solidification part (solidification system) 500 is shown in FIG.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, another second embodiment of the blade gripping tool 10 is configured such that the blade gripping tool 10 gripping the blade portion 1 </ b > A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 is a blade of the turbine blade 1. In order to surround and grip the part 1A, the cylinder 11 divided in the axial direction O (cylinder piece 11A, sub-cylinder piece 11B) and the left and right cylinder ends of this cylinder 11 (cylinder piece 11A, sub-cylinder piece 11B) Are provided with projecting edges a and a ′ and concave edges b and b ′, respectively, which are matched to the outer peripheral shape of the concave and convex portions at both ends of the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 and orthogonal to the axial direction of the cylindrical portion. X accepts irregularities on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of the blade portion 1A. Further, a plurality of positioning pins P1, P2,... Projecting into the in-cylinder space are fixed to the outer walls of the cylinder piece 11A and the sub cylinder piece 11B, and the cylinder piece 11A and the sub cylinder piece 11B are fixed to each other. By connecting with the joining bolts V1, V2,..., The convex surface and the concave surface of the blade portion 1A are abutted and supported. Normally, in this state, the blade 1A of the blade 1 is gripped by the blade gripping tool 10, and is processed by the processing head KH1 that is simultaneously multi-axially controlled before and after the root 1B and the shroud 1C. In this embodiment, after fixing the blade portion of the blade 1 with positioning pins P1, P2,..., Liquid (water / tap water / pure water) W1 or gypsum or paraffin is placed in the internal space of the cylindrical body 11. A solidified part (solidification system) 400 that fills the molten liquid WO with the wax granules and curable resin granules W2 such as a solidified material and fixes it as a solidified material is disposed outside. The coagulation unit (coagulation system) 400 mainly includes a refrigeration unit 110 that freezes liquid (water, tap water, pure water) W1 at a low temperature, and wax such as gypsum and paraffin as shown in FIG. It comprises a coagulation part (coagulation system) 500 in which the granule / curable resin granule W2 is melted by the heating unit 120.

  The refrigeration unit 110 and the liquid (water) filling / coagulation process using the refrigeration unit 110 are shown in FIGS. First, the refrigeration unit 110 includes a refrigerator A, a refrigeration container B, a refrigeration temperature control unit C, and a refrigeration element D, and has a function of solidifying water W1 in the blade gripper 10 placed in the refrigeration container B. have. The liquid (water) filling / solidifying step and the processing step by the refrigeration unit 110 will be described. First, in the turbine blade mounting step (1), the blade portion 1A located in the center of the turbine blade 1 is gripped by the split cylinder 11 in the blade gripping tool 10. Subsequently, liquid (water) W1 is injected into the cylinder 11 in the filling step (2). The blade gripping tool 10 is put into the refrigeration unit 110, and the solidification (freezing) step (3) of the liquid (water) W1 is performed. The frozen blade holding tool 10 is taken out from the refrigeration unit 110, and is operated by a CNC control device that also serves as a machining center and a grinding machine. By a machining head KH1 of a multi-axis control machine tool MO having a function of end milling and polishing, A processing step (4) is performed on both ends of the stool blade before and after the shroud portion 1C. Finally, the blade gripping tool 10 is removed by the turbine blade removal step (5) from the jig G of the multi-axis control machine tool MO, and freezing is naturally thawed or forcedly thawed and rapidly thawed to finish the processing. Let

In the coagulation part (coagulation system) 400 of the blade gripping tool 10, the coagulation part (coagulation system) in which the blade part 1A of the turbine blade 1 is melted by the heating unit 120 with wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin and curable resin granules W2. 500 is illustrated in FIG. A heating unit 120 for heating and melting wax granules, curable resin granules, wax, and paraffin, and lowering the temperature to room temperature to solidify the heating unit E, a heating container F, a heating temperature control unit G, and a heating element H And has a function of dissolving wax and paraffin in the blade gripper 10 placed in the heating container F. The blade gripper 10 in which wax and paraffin are dissolved is composed of a coagulation part (coagulation system) 500 that is allowed to stand in the atmosphere to lower the temperature to form a solidified body.

The wax granule, curable resin granule, wax and paraffin filling / coagulation step and processing step by the heating unit 120 will be described with reference to FIG. First, in the turbine blade mounting step (1), the blade portion 1A located in the center of the turbine blade 1 is gripped by the split cylinder 11 in the blade gripping tool 10. Subsequently, the raw material is injected into the cylinder 11 in the filling step (2 ′) of wax granules / curable resin granules. A melting step (3 ′) is performed in which the blade gripping tool 10 is placed in the heating unit 120 and dissolved. The melted blade gripping tool 10 is taken out from the heating unit 120, and a liquid coagulation step (4 ') is performed to firmly fix the blade portion 1A to the blade gripping tool 10. The blade gripping tool 10 is attached to a jig that also serves as a machining center and a grinding machine, and is operated by a CNC control device. By a machining head KH1 of a multi-axis control machine tool MO having a function of end milling and polishing, a root part 1B and a shroud part 1C The processing step (5 ') at both ends of the turbine blade is performed before and after. After processing, the blade gripping tool 10 is removed from the jig of the multi-axis control machine tool MO and melted by the remelting step (6 '). Finally, the blade gripping tool 10 is disassembled to finish the turbine blade removal step (7 ′).

Third embodiment in the processing device M0, 200 of the turbine blade of the present invention, in the two ends gripper 30 and 40, first, as shown in FIG 10, both end gripper to eliminate the shake prevention function 30,40 Are shown in FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b). The both-end gripping tool 30 is formed with recesses O1 and O2 that engage with the convex shapes on the front side and the back side of the root portion 1B in the split cylinders 30a and 30b connected by the joint J. The front side and the back side of the root part 1B are fitted to O1 and the concave part O2, and are fixed as a mold frame with a bolt V1. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10, the both-end holding tool 40 is also provided with a concave portion O1 and a concave portion that engage with the convex shapes on the front side and the back side of the shroud portion 1C in the split cylinders 40a and 40b connected by the joint J. O2 is formed, and the front side and the back side of the shroud portion 1C are fitted into the concave portion O1 and the concave portion O2 of this space and fixed as a mold frame with the bolt V2.

  The both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 constitute a turbine blade machining apparatus 200 that surrounds and grips the root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 are gripped by both ends by the machining head KH2 and the swiveling chucks SC1 and SC2 arranged on the left and right under the simultaneous multi-axis control of the CNC control device 300. The three-dimensional blade portion 1A is processed by exchanging the end mill EM, the buff BF, and the belt polishing BK by the swing control of the swing chucks SC1 and SC2 and the machining head KH2 that is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. Further, the processing head KH2 includes a temperature detection unit 60 for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 with a thermobuff, and a temperature control unit thereof, in order to process the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. 70.

Furthermore, the fourth embodiment of the turbine blade machining apparatus M0, 200 according to the present invention includes, as shown in FIG. 20 to FIG. Filled with a spherical material W4 such as steel balls, sand, beads (mixture of large, medium, small, soft, and hard) in the space of the blade 1A inserted and held by a plurality of positioning pins P1, P2,. The spherical material W4 is tightly coupled with each other by the tightening action between the spherical materials W4 caused by pressurizing external pressure to the spherical material W4 by the hydraulic means OP or the like, so that the spherical materials W4 cannot be moved freely and are held under pressure. It is. Of course, as shown in FIG. 21 , a plurality of positioning pins P1, P2,... Inserted into the cylinder 13 are omitted, and steel balls, sand, beads (large, medium, small, soft, hard) It is also possible to carry out by a tightening action between the spherical materials W4, which is caused by filling only the spherical material W4 such as a mixture of the spherical material W4 and applying an external pressure to the spherical material W4 by a hydraulic means OP or the like.

Furthermore, in the fifth embodiment of the turbine blade machining apparatus M0, 200 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 23, the blade gripping tool 10 and the both-end gripping tools 30, 40 are omitted from the positioning pin, By filling the space in 13 'with sand material (a mixture of large, medium, small, sphere, and square pieces) W5 as a material to be grasped, and by injecting liquid W1 such as tap water into the cylinder from the pipe P, The sand materials W5 may be strongly coupled to each other so that they cannot move freely and solidify firmly.

The turbine blade machining apparatus M0, 200 according to the present invention includes various embodiments as described above, and any of the machining apparatuses M0, 200 can be used. High-precision machining and machining efficiency can be improved by the best combination of machining devices M0 and 200 according to the shape and size of the turbine blade.

  The turbine blade machining method according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects. In particular, in addition to the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, the above blade part is processed by end milling, buffing and polishing under simultaneous five-axis control, resulting in material changes in roughing, intermediate finishing and precision finishing. It is continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, and the burning phenomenon can be completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. In addition, the processing of the blades described above is a continuous five-axis control with end milling, buffing, and polishing. Can be processed automatically.

  Further, according to the turbine blade machining apparatus of the embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. In particular, in addition to the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, the above blade part is processed by end milling, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, resulting in material changes in roughing, intermediate finishing and precision finishing. It is possible to perform processing that is continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less and that completely prevents the burning phenomenon. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Automatic processing can be performed.

Furthermore, according to the processing apparatus of a turbine blade, the following effects are produced. The processed root portion and shroud portion can be securely fixed by the fitting concave mold. Further, the blade portion of the turbine blade can be securely fixed to the positioning pin with solidification material such as freezing, gypsum, or paraffin. And the blade | wing part inserted in the cylinder, a root | route part, or a shroud part can be firmly fixed by making it press with spherical materials, such as a steel ball and sand. Furthermore, it can be solidified firmly by filling a sand material as a material to be grasped inserted into the cylinder and injecting a liquid such as water. In addition, in any of the processing apparatuses , the operation of removing the gripped material from the cylinder can be performed simply and quickly.

The turbine blade processing method and the processing apparatuses M0 and 200 of the present invention are not limited to the configurations in the above embodiments, and can be freely changed in design within the scope of the invention. For example, changes in each machining process or gripping process in the turbine blade machining method, changes in the number of gripping tools and machining head control axes and machining head methods in the turbine blade machining apparatus, slight changes in other equipment, gripping tools It is also possible to freely change the members used in each method, the gripped material, the spherical material, the sand material, and the like. This change also provides the same effects as those of the turbine blade machining method and machine. Other detailed configuration design changes are also possible.

  The present invention has been described with reference to embodiments of the turbine blade and turbocharger blade used in aircraft jet engines and generator turbines. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Turbine blade 1A Blade | wing part 1B Root | route part 1C Shroud part 10 Blade | blade holding | gripping tool 11 Cylinder 11A Cylinder piece 11B Subcylinder piece 13 and 13 'cylinder 20 Both-ends processing part 30,40 Both-ends holding | gripping tool 30a, 30b Cylindrical body 50 Blade processing section 60 Temperature detection section 70 Temperature control section (1) Turbine blade attachment process (2) Filling process (3) Liquid coagulation (freezing) process (4) Processing process (5) Turbine blade removal process ( 2 ′) wax granule / curing resin granule filling step (3 ′) melting step (4 ′) liquid coagulation step (5 ′) turbine blade blade processing step (6 ′) remelting step (7 ′) Turbine blade removal process (A) Blade gripping process (B) Both ends machining process (B1) Shroud machining process (B2) Root machining process (C) Both ends gripping process (D) Blade machining process
A refrigerator
B Freezing container BF Buff BK Belt polishing
C Refrigeration temperature control unit C1, C2 Swivel chuck CM Camera EM End mill E Heater F Heating container G Heating temperature control unit H Heating element J Joint KH1 Processing head KH2 Processing head KMO Polishing machine M Processing unit O1 Recessed O2 Recessed O2 Concave OP Hydraulic means P Piping P1, P2 Positioning pin SCO Central turning chuck TK Grinding wheel V1, V2 Bolt W1 Liquid (water, tap water, pure water)
W2 Wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin, curable resin granules W4 Spherical material W5 Sand material (mixture of large, medium, small, sphere and square pieces)
WO Molten liquid 100 Multi-axis control machine tool 110 Refrigeration unit 120 Heating unit 200 Turbine blade processing device 300 CNC control device 330 Motion capture control unit 400 Solidification unit (solidification system)
500 Solidification part (coagulation system)

Claims (5)

A blade gripping step for gripping a blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, a both-end processing step for processing the exposed root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade simultaneously or back and forth, and the turbine blade from the blade gripper both ends gripping step of gripping the machined root portion and the shroud portion removed, and the blade processing step of processing the blade portion below alteration temperature at the center of the turbine blades, in the processing method of a turbine blade made from
The both-end machining process for machining the root part and the shroud part and the blade machining process for machining the blade part are processed under simultaneous multi-axis control,
The blade processing step for processing the blade portion includes end milling, buffing, and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, and automatically processing a hand-finishing motion by motion capture teaching . A blade gripper for gripping a blade portion located in the center of the turbine blade, a both-end processed portion that is gripped by the blade gripper and processes the root portion and the shroud portion simultaneously or before and after, and the root portion of the turbine blade And a blade blade processing unit that grips the shroud portion, and a blade processing unit that processes the blade part located at the center of the turbine blade at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature .
The both-end machining section includes a spindle head that performs end milling and grinding under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection section that detects a machining temperature of the turbine blade material, and a temperature control section thereof.
The spindle head is equipped with a motion capture control unit that automatically controls hand-finishing motion by motion capture teaching.
The blade machining section is provided with a spindle head composed of end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection section for detecting the machining temperature of the turbine blade material, and its operation control section. Turbine blade processing apparatus characterized by the above. 3. The turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the blade gripping tool is a blade portion inserted into a cylindrical body, wherein a positioning pin and freezing or gypsum are fixed with a solidified material such as paraffin . 3. The turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the blade gripping tool is a blade portion inserted into a cylindrical body and pressed and fixed with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or bead . The both-end gripping tool is fixed by a pair of hinge-shaped molds provided with recesses that fit into the root part and the shroud part inserted into the cylinder body, and the blade part of the turbine blade is pressed against the hinge-shaped molds from the blade. 3. The turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein a receiving tool is provided on a side opposite to the blade that receives force .

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