JP2010174876A - Machining method of turbine blade, the device therefor, and securing device of turbine blade - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish a machining method of performing high-precision machining without causing burning deterioration or the like to each part of a turbine blade material and provide a new machining device which can achieve totally automatic machining. <P>SOLUTION: The machining method of the turbine blade 1 includes a blade-gripping process (A) of a blade gripper 10 for gripping a blade part 1A positioned in the center of the turbine blade 1, a two-end machining process (B) for simultaneously or successively machining an exposed root part 1B and a shroud part 1C, a two-end gripping process (C) of two-end grippers 30, 40 for gripping the machined root part and shroud part after removing the turbine blade from the blade gripper, and a blade machining process (D) for machining the blade part positioned in the center of the turbine blade at temperatures not higher than a deterioration temperature. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing a turbine blade and a turbocharger blade used in an aircraft jet engine and a turbine for a generator, a processing apparatus therefor, and a turbine blade fixing device, and more particularly, to each part of the turbine blade material. The present invention relates to a processing method that performs high-precision processing without causing burnt alteration, and a novel processing device and a fixing device that achieve fully automatic processing.

  In recent years, for example, responding to the increase in international logistics by aircraft and increasing demands for low fuel consumption to improve the global environment, improving the performance of turbine blades that can reduce the weight of aircraft jet engines and improve fuel efficiency Is a big issue. The shape of the turbine blade includes a root portion (root portion), a blade portion (intermediate blade portion), and a shroud portion (outer mantle portion). In particular, the intermediate blade portion has a three-dimensional shape and is thinned, and the turbine blade is enlarged. Therefore, in the turbine blade material having the three-dimensional curved surface, a new processing technique and a processing apparatus for achieving a processing method for processing with high accuracy by fully automatic processing are essential.

  The above-described turbine blade machining method or machining apparatus is generally a machining method using a 4-axis or 5-axis machine. In the above-described turbine blade multi-axis machine and workpiece machining method, the machining accuracy of the turbine blade as a workpiece is governed by the accuracy of the relative positional relationship between the machining tool and the workpiece clamped on the workpiece table. For this reason, in addition to the chuck and work table for holding the processing tool, the entire processing machine is made highly rigid to support high-precision processing. However, in the above processing machine, the tool may resonate and cause chatter vibration, which adversely affects the processing accuracy of the workpiece surface, so as a measure to prevent this, measure the vibration of the tool being processed and the processing machine, There are things that change the operating conditions when chatter vibration is occurring.

  One of the specific means for changing the operating condition is a multi-axis machining machine having a plurality of operating shafts, a workpiece holding unit holding a workpiece to be machined, and the workpiece holding unit holding the workpiece A machining tool holding unit that holds a machining tool for machining a workpiece, a vibration detection unit that detects chatter vibration generated in the workpiece held by the workpiece holding unit, and chatter vibration is detected by the vibration detection unit. And a controller that changes a machining condition for the workpiece by the machining tool held by the machining tool holding unit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, since the intermediate blade portion is particularly thin in the turbine blade material, a jig for clamping the intermediate blade portion with high accuracy is required. The following are known as conventional clamping jigs.
I. As shown in FIGS. 24A to 24D, (1) the reference pin and the screwing type receive the blade portion with three pins (a). (2) The length direction P1 is received by one pin (b). (3) The length direction P2 is received by one pin (c). {Circle around (4)} A fixed point is secured by screwing an arbitrary portion with a reference of 6 points. Binding force is weak.
II. As shown in FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b), the casting method is supported by six points by the above-mentioned reference pin and screwing method, and the reference is made at the root portion and the shroud portion. {Circle around (2)} FIGS. 25A to 25C, in which the blade portion is fixed to the frame and cast with a low-melting metal (lead-tin alloy) and fixed. The advantage of this casting method is that when machining both ends of the turbine blade material, it can be constrained and fixed with high accuracy without causing distortion or bending of the thin blade portion of the three-dimensional curved surface.
III, an example of a dedicated fixing device is an intermediate object (turbine blade material) that is used together with the fixing device to form a highly accurate shaped part, and the intermediate object includes a tip portion and the tip A first region that is spaced apart from the first portion, and a first locator disposed in the first surface, and extending in a longitudinal direction from the root region. A longitudinal extension region, and a second locator formed in the longitudinal extension region of the intermediate object, the second locator being disposed in the first plane, When the intermediate object is inserted into the fixing device, the intermediate object is clamped by the respective locators of the fixing device so that the intermediate object can be machined into the high precision shaped part (e.g. , See Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, the turbine blade material is thinned particularly in the intermediate blade portion. Therefore, if the intermediate blade portion is processed, the intermediate blade portion is processed by holding both end portions of the turbine blade on the outside (machine side arranged outside). Since the part is pushed by the blade and escapes to generate vibration, the blade life is short, the surface roughness of the blade is poor, and the machining dimensions are not uniform. Therefore, as a measure against the escape of the intermediate blade, both end portions of the turbine blade are pulled outward to reduce the escape amount of the intermediate blade.

  JP-A-2005-74568   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-829

  The turbine blade multi-axis processing machine and the workpiece processing method described above have an advantage that chatter vibration during the processing of the intermediate blade portion can be avoided and high-precision and efficient processing can be performed. However, the structure of the workpiece holding part of the turbine blade is unclear. That is, the configuration of the holding means for holding the flexible blade part is not described, and the holding means for the root part (root part) and the shroud part (outer part) are also described in detail, so it is important to avoid chatter vibration. The problem of the work holding part that is an element has not been solved.

  Further, the reference pin and the screwing type in the conventional clamping jig have a weak binding force of the blade workpiece, and chatter vibration cannot be avoided. The casting method has a strong binding force of the blade work and can avoid chatter vibration. However, lead is harmful to the human body, and the turbine blade material removed from casting must be pickled. Furthermore, the dedicated fixing device presses and supports the blade portion with a large number of pins, and the shape accuracy and mechanical strength of the three-dimensional curved blade surface are weak and easily distorted. Because each blade component has different dimensional accuracy, it requires re-adjustment by each manual operation every time it is replaced. Therefore, it takes a lot of time and labor to fix the blade, and the fixing system also varies. There remains a problem that high machining accuracy and high-efficiency machining cannot be performed.

  In addition to the above, the biggest problem during the processing of the turbine blade is a burning phenomenon due to processing heat at the processing point. Although the turbine blade material has a property of rapidly changing when the processing heat at the processing point exceeds about 630 ° C., each of the above known techniques does not disclose detection or control means for processing heat generation at the processing point, No issues or measures to prevent the phenomenon are disclosed. In particular, in a turbine blade used in an aircraft jet engine, material deterioration due to processing heat is a major problem that impairs reliability, and a processing method that has been quickly solved and a turbine blade using the processing method are demanded.

  The present invention has been made in view of various problems in conventional processing methods and processing apparatuses for processing the turbine blades, jigs for work holding apparatuses, and the like. The purpose is to establish a machining method for machining each part of the turbine blade (root part, shroud part, especially the intermediate blade part) with high accuracy without causing burning and alteration in each part of the turbine blade material, and fully automatic machining. The present invention provides a novel processing apparatus and fixing apparatus that achieve the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, a turbine blade machining method according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a blade gripping step for gripping a blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, and the exposed root portion and shroud portion simultaneously or before and after. Both ends machining step to remove the turbine blade from the blade gripping tool, and the both end gripping step to grip the processed root portion and shroud portion, and the blade portion located in the center of the turbine blade at an alteration temperature or lower. And a blade processing step for processing.

  A turbine blade machining method according to claim 2 of the present invention is the turbine blade machining method according to claim 1, wherein both the root machining process and the blade machining process are performed on the root part and the shroud part. Is characterized by machining under simultaneous multi-axis control.

  A turbine blade machining method according to claim 3 of the present invention is the turbine blade machining method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blade machining step for machining the blade portion is an end mill under simultaneous multi-axis control. -It consists of buffing and polishing, and is characterized by automatic processing of hand-finishing movements by motion capture teaching.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing device for a turbine blade, wherein a blade gripping tool for gripping a blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, and a root portion and a shroud portion simultaneously held by the blade gripping tool or Both-end processed parts processed back and forth, both-end gripping tools for holding the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, and a blade processed part for processing the blade part located at the center of the turbine blade at a temperature lower than or equal to the alteration temperature. It is characterized by having.

  A turbine blade machining apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the turbine blade machining apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein both end machining portions for machining the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade are controlled by simultaneous multi-axis control. It is characterized by comprising a spindle head for end milling and grinding, a temperature detection unit for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material, and a temperature control unit thereof.

  A turbine blade machining apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the turbine blade machining apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein the spindle head of the both end machining portion for machining the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade is hand-finished. And a motion capture control unit that automatically controls the movement of the machine by motion capture teaching.

  A turbine blade machining apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the turbine blade machining apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein the blade machining section for machining the blade section of the turbine blade is an end mill A spindle head comprising buffing and polishing, a temperature detection unit for detecting a processing temperature of the turbine blade material, and an operation control unit thereof are provided.

  A turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 8 of the present invention is the turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the spindle head of the blade machining section for machining the blade section of the turbine blade has a hand-finishing motion. And a motion capture control unit that automatically controls machining by means of motion capture teaching.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbine blade fixing device comprising the blade gripping tool according to the fourth aspect, wherein the blade portion inserted into the cylinder is fixed to the positioning pin and freezing or gypsum with a solidified material such as paraffin. It is characterized by being.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbine blade fixing device comprising the blade gripping tool according to the fourth aspect, wherein the blade portion inserted into the cylinder is press-clamped with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or bead. It is characterized by that.

  According to claim 11 of the present invention, there is provided a turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4, wherein the both-end gripping tool is inserted into the cylinder, the root portion and the shroud portion are fixed to the positioning pin and frozen or plaster is fixed with a solidified material such as paraffin. It is characterized by the above.

  According to claim 12 of the present invention, there is provided a turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4 wherein the root blade and shroud portion of the turbine blade both ends gripping tool inserted into the cylinder are made of a spherical material such as steel balls, sand and beads. It is characterized by being pressed and fixed with

  A turbine blade fixing device according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a pair of hinges provided with recesses that respectively fit the root blade and the shroud portion of the turbine blade according to the fourth aspect inserted into the cylinder. It is fixed by a shape mold, and a receiving tool is provided on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force of the blade of the turbine blade from the blade on the hinge-shaped mold.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbine blade fixing device, wherein the blade gripping tool and the both-end holding tool are filled with sand as a gripping material of the turbine blade inserted into the cylinder and a liquid such as water. It is characterized by injecting and solidifying.

  According to the turbine blade machining method of the first aspect of the present invention, first, the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade is gripped by the blade gripping step. Subsequently, the exposed root portion and the shroud portion are processed simultaneously or before and after the both-end processing step. Furthermore, the above-described turbine blade is removed from the blade gripping tool, and the processed root portion and shroud portion are gripped by the both-end gripping process. Finally, the blade processing step is processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less which causes a material change in the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, thereby preventing a burning phenomenon.

  The operation of the turbine blade machining method according to claim 2 of the present invention is a both-end machining process for machining the root part and the shroud part and a blade machining process for machining the blade part, and an end mill under simultaneous multi-axis control.・ Roughing, intermediate finishing and precision finishing are performed in the order of grinding.

  The operation of the turbine blade machining method according to the third aspect of the present invention is that, in the blade machining process for machining the blade part, each of end mill, buffing and polishing is performed under simultaneous multi-axis control, and hand finishing is performed. The motion is automatically processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C or lower, which causes a material change by feedback by motion capture teaching, and the burning phenomenon is prevented.

  A turbine blade machining apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention implements the turbine blade machining method according to the first aspect. First, the blade gripper grips the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade. Subsequently, the exposed root portion and the shroud portion are processed back and forth or simultaneously by the both end processed portions. The both-end gripping tool then removes the turbine blade from the blade gripping tool to grip the processed root portion and shroud portion. Further, the blade processing portion processes the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade at a transformation temperature of 630 ° C. or lower.

  According to the turbine blade machining apparatus of claim 5, when the spindle head of the both end machining portion for machining the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade is subjected to end milling and grinding under simultaneous multi-axis control, The temperature is detected at a temperature of 630 ° C. or lower by a temperature detection unit for detecting the processing temperature of the blade material and its temperature control unit.

  Furthermore, according to the turbine blade machining apparatus of claim 6, the spindle head of the both end machining portion for machining the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade is end milled and ground under simultaneous multi-axis control, The finishing movement is automatically processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C or less, which causes a material change by feedback by motion capture teaching, preventing the burning phenomenon.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus for a turbine blade, wherein the spindle head of the blade processing section for processing the blade section of the turbine blade is subjected to roughing and intermediate finishing by end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control.・ Precision finish is continuously processed. At this time, the processing is performed at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature by the temperature detection unit that detects the processing temperature of the turbine blade material and the temperature control unit. Thus, in the turbine blade material, the heat generation at the processing point is detected by the temperature detection unit so that the processing heat of the blade part does not exceed around 630 ° C., and the processing speed, the polishing amount, etc. are suppressed by the temperature control unit. Burning phenomenon of the part is prevented.

  Further, the operation of the turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 8 of the present invention is that the processing of the blades is performed by end milling, buffing and polishing under the simultaneous multi-axis control, and the motion of hand finishing is captured. It is automatically processed by the curved surface processing technique of a skilled worker by feedback by teaching. In addition, the processing heat generated at the processing point is detected so that the processing heat does not exceed around 630 ° C., and the processing speed, the polishing amount, etc. are suppressed by the temperature control unit, and the burning phenomenon of the blade is prevented.

  In the turbine blade fixing device according to claim 9 of the present invention, the blade pin inserted into the cylinder by the blade gripper is fixed to the positioning pin and freezing or gypsum with a solidified material such as paraffin.

  Further, in the turbine blade fixing device according to claim 10 of the present invention, the blade portion inserted by the both-end gripping tool into the cylindrical body is pressed and fixed with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or bead.

  In the turbine blade fixing device according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the root portion and the shroud portion inserted by the both-end gripping tool into the cylindrical body are fixed to the positioning pin and freezing or gypsum with a solidified material such as paraffin.

  In the turbine blade fixing device according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the root part and the shroud part in which the both-end holding tool is inserted into the cylindrical body are pressed and fixed with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or bead.

  A turbine blade fixing device according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is fixed by a pair of hinge-shaped molds provided with recesses that respectively fit the root portion and the shroud portion in which the both-end gripping tool is inserted into the cylinder, Since the blades of the turbine blades are provided with a receiving tool on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force from the blades on the hinged formwork, the surface roughness is deteriorated without bending the thin blades that are easily distorted. Without any problem, it is precisely processed with the same processing dimensions.

  Further, in the turbine blade fixing device according to claim 14 of the present invention, the blade gripping tool and the both-end gripping tool are filled with sand material into the gripped material inserted into the cylinder, and are firmly injected with a liquid such as water. To be solidified.

  According to the turbine blade machining method of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion is processed by end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control. Finishing and precision finishing are continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C or less, which causes material changes, and the burning phenomenon can be completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Can be processed automatically.

  Further, according to the turbine blade machining apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the processing of the blade portion is roughed by end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control. -The intermediate finish and precision finish can be processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C or lower, which causes material changes, and the burn phenomenon is completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Automatic processing can be performed.

  Further, according to the turbine blade fixing device of the present invention, in addition to the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion can be reliably fixed to the positioning pin with solidification material such as freezing, gypsum, or paraffin. In addition, for gripping the root part and the shroud part, the root part and the shroud part inserted into the cylinder are fixed with a pair of hinge-shaped molds that are fitted into the root part and the shroud part. Since the blade is provided on the side opposite to the blade that receives the pressing force from the blade, the thin and easily distorted blade is not bent, the surface roughness is not deteriorated, and the processing dimensions are uniform. Precision machining is possible. Further, the blade portion and the root portion or the shroud portion inserted into the cylinder can be securely fixed by applying pressure with a spherical material such as a steel ball or sand. And while filling a sand material as a to-be-held material inserted in the cylinder, liquids, such as water, can be inject | poured and solidified firmly. In addition, any of the fixing devices can simply and quickly perform the operation of removing the object to be grasped from the cylinder.

  It is a block diagram which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows the processing method procedure of a turbine blade.   It is a block diagram which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows the manufacturing process of a blade | wing part.   It is a work procedure figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade.   It is a work procedure figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade.   It is a work procedure figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade.   It is a work procedure figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and performs the continuous process of the both ends of a turbine blade.   1 is a front view of a multi-axis control machine tool that processes a blade portion of a turbine blade according to a first embodiment of this invention.   BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a front view of the multi-axis control machine tool which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and processes a both-ends process part.   It is a front view of the motion capture teaching by the grinder which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention.   It is a work procedure figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and processes a blade | wing part continuously.   BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device of a turbine blade.   It is a cross-sectional view of a blade gripper which shows the first embodiment of the present invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a cross-sectional view of a blade gripper which shows the first embodiment of the present invention and becomes a fixing device.   FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a liquid icing process according to the first embodiment of this invention.   FIG. 2 is a front view of the refrigeration unit according to the first embodiment of this invention.   FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a coagulation process of wax granules / curable resin granules according to the first embodiment of the present invention.   It is a front view of a heating unit, showing the first embodiment of the present invention.   It is a front view of the one side of the both-ends holding tool which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool used as the fixing device which shows the 4th Embodiment of this invention.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blade | wing holding tool which shows the 5th Embodiment of this invention and becomes a fixing device.   It is a process diagram of a conventional pin method and a reference pin and screwing type.   It is a process drawing of a casting method showing a conventional clamping method.

  Hereinafter, each embodiment of the present invention will be described sequentially with reference to FIGS.

  The turbine blade machining method according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following main components. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the processing method (1) of the turbine blade 1 is performed in a turbine blade (hereinafter also referred to as a blade) 1 including a root portion 1B, a shroud portion 1C, and a blade portion 1A. The blade gripping step (A) for gripping the blade portion 1A located at the center with the blade gripper 10, and the both ends for roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing processing simultaneously or before and after the exposed root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C. A machining step (B), a both-end gripping step (C) in which the turbine blade 1 is removed from the blade gripper and the processed root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C are gripped by the both-end grippers 30, 40, and the turbine blade 1 The blade processing step (D) for processing the blade portion 1A located at the center of the blade at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. The both-end processing step (B) includes a shroud processing step (B1) in FIG. 3 and a route processing step (B2) in FIG. These machining processes are performed continuously at the temperature of about 630 ° C or less, where the roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing cause material changes in the order of end mill EM and grinding wheel polishing TK by the simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH1. Burning phenomenon is prevented. The simultaneous multi-axis control means an arbitrary number of axes from 2 axes to 6 axes, and an arbitrary number of axes control is applied.

The both-end processing step (B) is performed, for example, by a continuous processing procedure (common name: piranha processing procedure) of the shroud processing step (B1) and the root processing step (B2) shown in FIGS.
STE1: In the shroud processing of FIG. 3, a large number of turbine blades 1 holding the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 with the blade gripping tool 10 are pooled as standby workpieces, one of which is pushed out to be the first. It is held by the turning chuck C1 of the main shaft S1. The shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 is, for example, in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding wheel polishing TK in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding stone polishing TK by the simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH1 at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less. It is processed continuously to prevent the burning phenomenon. After machining, after the machining head KH1 retreats, the turning chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 approaches the shroud portion 1C side of the turbine blade 1.
STE2: In the automatic transfer shown in FIG. 4, the revolving chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 approaches the shroud 1C side of the blade 1 and grips the shroud 1C side of the blade gripper 10 and grips the root 1B. The turning chuck C1 of the first main spindle S1 is opened and automatically held.
STE3: In the root machining shown in FIG. 5, rough machining, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing cause material changes in the order of the end mill EM and grinding wheel polishing TK by the machining head KH1 in which the root portion 1B of the turbine blade 1 is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. It is continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower to prevent the burning phenomenon. After machining, the turning chuck C2 of the movable second main spindle S2 opens the shroud portion 1C, and the blade 1 is discharged to the outside.
STE4: In the processing of the standby workpiece by the automatic extrusion of FIG. 6, one of the pooled outside of the turning chuck C1 of the first spindle S1 is pushed out and held by the turning chuck C1 of the first spindle S1. The milling head KH1 in which the shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 is simultaneously multiaxially controlled is continuously processed in the order of the end mill EM and the grinding wheel polishing TK in the order of roughing, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less at which the material changes. Is processed to prevent the burning phenomenon. Thereafter, in the same manner, both end portions (root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C) of the newly grasped turbine blade 1 are automatically processed sequentially.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, the blade machining step (D) is made of rough machining, intermediate finishing, and precision finishing in the order of end mill EM, buff BF, and polishing BK in the order of simultaneous multi-axis controlled machining head KH2. It is processed continuously at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, which causes a change, to prevent burning. In addition, the processing of the blade part 1A is based on simultaneous multi-axis control, and each process of the end mill EM, buff BF, and polishing BK memorizes the motion of the skilled worker's hand-finishing by motion capture teaching, with more faithful feedback operation Automatic processing that continuously incorporates the skills of skilled workers is performed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, which causes a material change. The polishing BK employs belt polishing or various existing polishing methods.

  Next, the configuration of the turbine blade processing apparatus 100 that realizes the turbine blade processing method according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, in the first embodiment as the basic configuration, the blade gripping tool 10 is gripped between the chuck (swivel chuck) C1 of the first spindle S1 and the chuck (swivel chuck) C2 of the second spindle S2. The multi-axis control machine tool MO that alternately processes the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C with the machining head KH1 that is simultaneously multi-axis controlled.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the configuration of the turbine blade processing apparatus 100 is exposed by being held by the blade gripping tool 10 for gripping the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 and by the blade gripping tool 10. In the machining head KH2 that is simultaneously multiaxially controlled before and after the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C, rough machining / medium polishing is performed in the order of end mill EM and grinding wheel polishing TK by multiaxial control with the central turning chuck SC0 disposed in the center. A multi-axis control machine tool MO provided with both end machining portions 20 for finishing and precision finishing may be used. Moreover, the both-ends processing part 20 which processes the root | route part 1B and the shroud part 1C is the temperature of the function which grind | polishes an end mill and a grindstone under the simultaneous multi-axis control of the CNC control apparatus 300, and the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 by temperature. A temperature detection unit 60 to detect and a temperature control unit 70 are provided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, both-end gripping tools 30, 40 for gripping the root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade 1 and the both-end gripping tools 30, 40 are simultaneously used by the swing chuck C1 and the swing chuck C2. In this state, the blade processing unit for processing each processing of the end mill EM, the buff BF, and the belt polishing BK at a temperature lower than or equal to the alteration temperature by the processing head KH2 in which the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. A multi-axis control machine tool MO equipped with 50 is used. The processing head KH2 of the blade processing unit 50 includes a temperature detection unit 60 for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 by thermobuffling so as to process the blade unit 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. And a temperature controller 70. Further, the blade machining unit 50 is a machining head KH2 for each other axis control having the simultaneous multi-axis control function of the CNC control device 300.

  Further, in the multi-axis control machining heads KH 1 and KH 2, the hand finishing movement is read by the camera CM, and the information is subjected to motion capture teaching by the motion capture control unit 330. By the playback operation of this motion capture teaching, the multi-axis control machining head KH2 and other control axes are controlled by skilled workers to perform fully automatic machining. Note that the motion capture teaching is performed on the multi-axis control machine tool MO as shown in FIG. 8, and as shown in FIG. 9, the manual operation performed by the skilled worker M with the buff BF of the polishing machine KMO. Is read by the camera CM, and this information is processed by the motion capture control unit 331 into operation data for motion capture teaching. A playback operation in which this operation data is input to the CNC control device 300 of the multi-axis control machine tool MO may be performed.

  In the blade processing part 50, the gripping action of the root part 1B and the shroud part 1C by the both-end grippers 30, 40 and the processing procedure for processing the blade part 1A will be described. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a description will be given of a method of attaching the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 for processing the ultra-large turbine blade 1 ′ using the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 having the function of preventing warping. First, the “material” has a total length of 1880 mm. Next, the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 that become “piranha jigs” are provided with recesses O1 and O2 that fit into the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C, respectively, and are connected to the cylinders 30a and 30b so that the joints can be opened and closed. It consists of a pair of hinge-shaped formwork 31,41. In “attachment”, the hinge-shaped molds 31 and 41 are surrounded by the root portion 1B and the shroud portion 1C and are fastened with bolts. In “machining”, end milling, buffing, and polishing are performed by a multi-axis control machining head KH2. In order to support from below the blade blade 1A of the turbine blade that is pushed by the cutter (end mill) EM and escapes from the bottom during this processing, the following receiving structure is provided in the pair of hinge-shaped molds 31 and 41. The "receiver" is provided with the receiving tools 33 and 43 on the side opposite to the blade receiving the pressing force of the blade 1A of the turbine blade on the hinged molds 31 and 41 from the cutting tool, so that the upper receiving tool 33 is not obstructed in processing. It is possible to process the blade 1A with high processing accuracy by splashing in the direction and pressing the lower receiving tool 43 against the lower surface of the blade 1A to receive the pressing force from the blade.

  Hereinafter, in the turbine blade fixing device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a detailed configuration of each embodiment will be described. First, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the first embodiment of the blade gripping tool 10 for gripping the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 surrounds and grips the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1. Therefore, positioning pins P1, P2,... That abut against the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 protrude from the outer peripheral wall 11A of the cylinder 11 into the cylinder. After this, the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 inserted into the cylinder is temporarily fixed with positioning pins P1, P2,... And fixed in a state where the one-side opening on the lower side of the cylinder is closed. A solidification part (solidification system) 400 that fills the internal space of the body 11 with liquid (water, tap water, pure water) W1 and freezes it as a solidification material is disposed outside. Further, instead of the liquid (water / tap water / pure water) W1, a solidified portion (filled with wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin and curable resin granules W2 and made into a molten liquid WO, which is fixed as a solidifying material ( The coagulation system 500 is arranged outside. The solidification part (solidification system) 400 is shown in FIG. 16, and the solidification part (solidification system) 500 is shown in FIG.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, another second embodiment of the blade gripping tool 10 is configured such that the blade gripping tool 10 that grips the blade portion 1 </ b> A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 is a blade of the turbine blade 1. In order to surround and grip the part 1A, the cylinder 11 divided in the axial direction O (cylinder piece 11A, sub-cylinder piece 11B) and the left and right cylinder ends of this cylinder 11 (cylinder piece 11A, sub-cylinder piece 11B) Are provided with projecting edges a and a ′ and concave edges b and b ′, respectively, which are matched to the outer peripheral shape of the concave and convex portions at both ends of the blade portion 1A of the turbine blade 1 and orthogonal to the axial direction of the cylindrical portion. X accepts irregularities on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of the blade portion 1A. Further, a plurality of positioning pins P1, P2,... Projecting into the in-cylinder space are fixed to the outer walls of the cylinder piece 11A and the sub cylinder piece 11B, and the cylinder piece 11A and the sub cylinder piece 11B are fixed to each other. By connecting with the joining bolts V1, V2,..., The convex surface and the concave surface of the blade portion 1A are abutted and supported. Normally, in this state, the blade 1A of the blade 1 is gripped by the blade gripping tool 10, and is processed by the processing head KH1 that is simultaneously multi-axially controlled before and after the root 1B and the shroud 1C. In this embodiment, after fixing the blade portion of the blade 1 with positioning pins P1, P2,..., Liquid (water / tap water / pure water) W1 or gypsum or paraffin is placed in the internal space of the cylindrical body 11. A solidified part (solidification system) 400 that fills the molten liquid WO with the wax granules and curable resin granules W2 such as a solidified material and fixes it as a solidified material is disposed outside. The coagulation part (coagulation system) 400 is mainly composed of a refrigeration unit 110 for freezing liquid (water, tap water, pure water) W1 at low temperature, wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin, and curable resin granules W2. And a solidification part (solidification system) 500 that melts in the heating unit 120.

  The refrigeration unit 110 and the liquid (water) filling / coagulation process using the refrigeration unit 110 are shown in FIGS. First, the refrigeration unit 110 includes a refrigerator A, a refrigeration container B, a refrigeration temperature control unit C, and a refrigeration element D, and has a function of solidifying water W1 in the blade gripper 10 placed in the refrigeration container B. have. The liquid (water) filling / solidifying step and the processing step by the refrigeration unit 110 will be described. First, in the turbine blade mounting step (1), the blade portion 1A located in the center of the turbine blade 1 is gripped by the split cylinder 11 in the blade gripping tool 10. Subsequently, liquid (water) W1 is injected into the cylinder 11 in the filling step (2). The blade gripping tool 10 is put into the refrigeration unit 110, and the solidification (freezing) step (3) of the liquid (water) W1 is performed. The frozen blade holding tool 10 is taken out from the refrigeration unit 110, and is operated by a CNC control device that also serves as a machining center and a grinding machine. By a machining head KH1 of a multi-axis control machine tool MO having a function of end milling and polishing, A processing step (4) is performed on both ends of the stool blade before and after the shroud portion 1C. Finally, the blade gripping tool 10 is removed by the turbine blade removal step (5) from the jig G of the multi-axis control machine tool MO, and freezing is naturally thawed or forcedly thawed and rapidly thawed to finish the processing. Let

  In the coagulation part (coagulation system) 400 of the blade gripping tool 10, the coagulation part (coagulation system) in which the blade part 1A of the turbine blade 1 is melted by the heating unit 120 with wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin and curable resin granules W2. 500 is illustrated in FIG. The heating unit 120 for heating and melting wax granules, curable resin granules, wax, and paraffin, and lowering the temperature to room temperature to solidify the heating unit E, the heating container F, the heating temperature control unit KC, and the heating element H And has a function of dissolving wax and paraffin in the blade gripper 10 placed in the heating container F. The blade gripper 10 in which wax and paraffin are dissolved is composed of a coagulation part (coagulation system) 500 that is allowed to stand in the atmosphere to lower the temperature to form a solidified body.

  The wax granule, curable resin granule, wax and paraffin filling / coagulation step and processing step by the heating unit 120 will be described with reference to FIG. First, in the turbine blade mounting step (1), the blade portion 1A located in the center of the turbine blade 1 is gripped by the split cylinder 11 in the blade gripping tool 10. Subsequently, the raw material is injected into the cylinder 11 in the filling step (2 ′) of wax granules / curable resin granules. A melting step (3 ′) is performed in which the blade gripping tool 10 is placed in the heating unit 120 and dissolved. The melted blade gripping tool 10 is taken out from the heating unit 120, and a liquid coagulation step (4 ') is performed to firmly fix the blade portion 1A to the blade gripping tool 10. The blade gripping tool 10 is attached to a jig G that also serves as a machining center and a grinding machine, and is operated by a CNC control device. By a machining head KH1 of a multi-axis control machine tool MO having a function of end milling and polishing, a root part 1B and a shroud part 1C are provided. The processing step (5 ') at both ends of the turbine blade is performed before and after the above. After the machining, the blade gripping tool 10 is removed from the jig G of the multi-axis control machine tool MO and melted by the remelting step (6 ′). Finally, the blade gripping tool 10 is disassembled to finish the turbine blade removal step (7 ′).

  In the third embodiment of the turbine blade fixing device 200 according to the present invention, in the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40, first, as shown in FIG. 19 (a) and (b). The both-end gripping tool 30 is formed with recesses O1 and O2 that engage with the convex shapes on the front side and the back side of the root portion 1B in the split cylinders 30a and 30b connected by the joint J. The front side and the back side of the root part 1B are fitted to O1 and the concave part O2, and are fixed as a mold frame with a bolt V1. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10, the both-end holding tool 40 is also provided with a concave portion O1 and a concave portion that engage with the convex shapes on the front side and the back side of the shroud portion 1C in the split cylinders 40a and 40b connected by the joint J. O2 is formed, and the front side and the back side of the shroud portion 1C are fitted into the concave portion O1 and the concave portion O2 of this space and fixed as a mold frame with the bolt V2.

  The both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 constitute a turbine blade fixing device 200 that surrounds and grips the root portion 1B and shroud portion 1C of the turbine blade. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 are gripped by both ends by the machining head KH2 and the swiveling chucks SC1 and SC2 arranged on the left and right under the simultaneous multi-axis control of the CNC control device 300. The three-dimensional blade portion 1A is processed by exchanging the end mill EM, the buff BF, and the belt polishing BK by the swing control of the swing chucks SC1 and SC2 and the machining head KH2 that is simultaneously multi-axis controlled. Further, the processing head KH2 includes a temperature detection unit 60 for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material 1 with a thermobuff, and a temperature control unit thereof, in order to process the blade portion 1A located at the center of the turbine blade 1 at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature. 70.

  Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment of the turbine blade fixing device 200 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 20, the blade gripping tool 10 and the both-end gripping tools 30 and 40 are inserted into the cylindrical body 13 and a plurality of them are inserted. The space of the blade portion 1A held by the positioning pins P1, P2,... Is filled with a spherical material W4 such as a steel ball, sand, and beads (a mixture of large, medium, small, soft, and hard). Due to the tightening action between the spherical materials W4 that occurs when the external pressure is applied to W4 by the hydraulic means OP or the like, the spherical materials W4 are strongly coupled to each other so that they cannot move freely and are held under pressure. Of course, as shown in FIG. 20, a plurality of positioning pins P1, P2,... Inserted into the cylinder 13 are omitted, and steel balls, sand, beads (large / medium / small / soft / hard) are placed in the space. It is also possible to carry out by a tightening action between the spherical materials W4, which is caused by filling only the spherical material W4 such as a mixture of the spherical material W4 and applying an external pressure to the spherical material W4 by a hydraulic means OP or the like.

  Further, in the fifth embodiment of the turbine blade fixing device 200 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 22, the blade gripping tool 10 and the both-end gripping tools 30, 40 are inserted into the cylindrical body 13 and a plurality of them are inserted. The space of the blade portion 1A held by the positioning pins P1, P2,... Is filled with sand material (a mixture of large, medium, small, sphere, and square pieces) W5 as a material to be grasped, and tap water, etc. By injecting the liquid W1 into the cylinder from the pipe P, the sand materials W5 are strongly coupled to each other and cannot move freely, and are solidified firmly. Of course, as shown in FIG. 23, the positioning pin is omitted, and the space in the cylinder 13 'is filled with sand material (a mixture of large, medium, small, sphere, and square pieces) W5 as a material to be gripped, By injecting a liquid W1 such as water into the cylinder from the pipe P, the sand materials W5 may be strongly coupled to each other so that they cannot move freely and solidify firmly.

  In the turbine blade processing apparatus 100 according to the present invention, the fixing device 200 includes various embodiments as described above, and any fixing device 200 can be used. High-precision machining and machining efficiency are enhanced by the best combination of the fixing devices 200 according to the shape and size of the turbine blade.

  The turbine blade machining method according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects. In particular, in addition to the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, the above blade part is processed by end milling, buffing and polishing under simultaneous five-axis control, resulting in material changes in roughing, intermediate finishing and precision finishing. It is continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or lower, and the burning phenomenon can be completely prevented. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. In addition, the processing of the blades described above is a continuous five-axis control with end milling, buffing, and polishing. Can be processed automatically.

  Further, according to the turbine blade machining apparatus of the embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. In particular, in addition to the root part and shroud part of the turbine blade, the above blade part is processed by end milling, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, resulting in material changes in roughing, intermediate finishing and precision finishing. It is possible to perform processing that is continuously processed at a temperature of about 630 ° C. or less and that completely prevents the burning phenomenon. In addition, processing can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the processing of the blades described above is based on simultaneous multi-axis control. End milling, buffing, and polishing are performed continuously without any material change by feedback of motion capture teaching of hand finishing movements. Automatic processing can be performed.

  Furthermore, according to the fixing device for the turbine blade, the following effects can be obtained. In addition to the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade, in particular, the blade portion can be securely fixed to the positioning pin with solidification material such as freezing or gypsum or paraffin. Moreover, it can fix reliably to the processed root | route part and shroud part with the concave mold form which fits. And the blade | wing part inserted in the cylinder, a root | route part, or a shroud part can be firmly fixed by making it press with spherical materials, such as a steel ball and sand. Furthermore, it can be solidified firmly by filling a sand material as a material to be grasped inserted into the cylinder and injecting a liquid such as water. In addition, any of the fixing devices can simply and quickly perform the operation of removing the object to be grasped from the cylinder.

  The turbine blade processing method and processing apparatus 100 of the present invention are not limited to the configurations in the above embodiments, and the design can be changed freely within the scope of the invention. For example, changes in each machining process or gripping process in the turbine blade machining method, changes in the number of gripping tools and machining head control axes and machining head methods in the turbine blade machining apparatus, slight changes in other equipment, gripping tools It is also possible to freely change the members used in each method, the gripped material, the spherical material, the sand material, and the like. This change also provides the same effects as those of the turbine blade machining method and machine. Other detailed configuration design changes are also possible.

  The present invention has been described with reference to embodiments of the turbine blade and turbocharger blade used in aircraft jet engines and generator turbines. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Turbine blade 1A Blade | wing part 1B Root | route part 1C Shroud part 10 Blade | blade holding tool 11 Cylinder 11A Cylinder piece 11B Subcylinder piece 13, 13 'Cylinder 20 Both-ends processing part 30,40 Both-ends holding | gripping tool 30a, 30b Cylinder 40a, 40b Cylindrical body 50 Blade processing section 60 Temperature detection section 70 Temperature control section (1) Turbine blade attachment process (2) Filling process (3) Liquid coagulation (freezing) process (4) Processing process (5) Turbine blade removal process ( 2 ′) Filling process of wax granules / curable resin granules (3 ′) Melting process (4 ′) Solidifying process of liquid (5 ′) Processing process of both ends of turbine blade (6 ′) Remelting process (7 ′) Turbine blade removal step (A) Blade gripping step (B) Both-end processing step (B1) Shroud processing step (B2) Route processing step (C) Both-end gripping step (D) Blade processing step B Buff BK Belt polishing C1, C2 Turning chuck CM Camera EM End mill E Heating machine F Heating vessel J Joint TK Grinding wheel polishing KH1 Processing head KH2 Processing head KMO Polishing machine M Multi-axis control machine tool G Jig H Heating element SCO Central turning chuck O1 Concave O2 Concave OP Hydraulic means P Piping P1, P2 Positioning pins V1, V2 Bolt W1 Liquid (water, tap water, pure water)
W2 Wax granules such as gypsum and paraffin, curable resin granules W4 Spherical material W5 Sand material (mixture of large, medium, small, sphere and square pieces)
WO Molten Liquid 100 Turbine Blade Processing Device 110 Refrigeration Unit 120 Heating Unit 200 Turbine Blade Fixing Device 300 CNC Control Device 330 Motion Capture Control Unit 331 Motion Capture Control Unit 400 Coagulation Unit (Coagulation System)
500 Solidification part (coagulation system)

Claims (14)

  A blade gripping step for gripping the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade, a both-end processing step for processing the exposed root portion and the shroud portion simultaneously or before and after, and removing the turbine blade from the blade gripper for processing. A turbine blade machining method comprising: a both-end gripping process for gripping a finished root part and a shroud part; and a blade machining process for machining a blade part located in the center of the turbine blade at a temperature lower than or equal to the alteration temperature.   The turbine blade machining method according to claim 1, wherein the both-end machining step for machining the root portion and the shroud portion and the blade machining step for machining the blade portion are machined under simultaneous multi-axis control.   The blade processing step for processing the blade portion includes end milling, buffing, and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, and automatically processing a hand-finishing motion by motion capture teaching. Turbine blade machining method.   A blade gripper for gripping a blade portion located in the center of the turbine blade, a both-end processed portion that is gripped by the blade gripper and processes the root portion and the shroud portion simultaneously or before and after, and the root portion of the turbine blade A turbine blade processing apparatus comprising: a gripping tool for gripping the shroud portion; and a blade processing portion for processing the blade portion located at the center of the turbine blade at a temperature lower than the alteration temperature.   Both end machining portions for machining the root portion and shroud portion of the turbine blade include a spindle head for end milling and grinding under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection portion for detecting the machining temperature of the turbine blade material, and its temperature control. The turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising: a section.   The spindle head of the both end machining portion for machining the root portion and the shroud portion of the turbine blade is provided with a motion capture control portion for automatically controlling a hand-finishing motion by motion capture teaching. The turbine blade processing apparatus according to claim 5.   The blade processing section for processing the blade section of the turbine blade includes a spindle head composed of end mill, buffing and polishing under simultaneous multi-axis control, a temperature detection section for detecting the processing temperature of the turbine blade material, and its operation control section. And a turbine blade machining apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:   8. A spindle head of a blade processing unit that processes the blade portion of the turbine blade includes a motion capture control unit that automatically controls a hand-finishing motion by motion capture teaching. The turbine blade processing apparatus as described.   5. The turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4, wherein the blade gripping tool is obtained by fixing a blade portion inserted into a cylindrical body with a positioning pin and freezing or gypsum fixed with a solidified material such as paraffin.   5. The turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4, wherein the blade gripping tool is a blade portion inserted into a cylindrical body and pressurized and fixed with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or bead.   5. The turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4, wherein the both-end gripping tool is obtained by fixing a root portion and a shroud portion inserted into a cylindrical body to a positioning pin and freezing or gypsum with a solidified material such as paraffin. .   5. The turbine blade according to claim 4, wherein the gripping tool is a root part and a shroud part that are inserted into the cylinder and are pressed and fixed with a spherical material such as a steel ball, sand, or a bead. Fixing device.   The both-end gripping tool is fixed by a pair of hinge-shaped molds provided with recesses that fit into the root part and the shroud part inserted into the cylinder body, and the blade part of the turbine blade is pressed against the hinge-shaped molds from the blade. 5. The turbine blade fixing device according to claim 4, wherein a receiving tool is provided on a side opposite to the blade that receives force.   5. The blade holding tool and the both-end holding tool are filled with sand as a gripping material for a turbine blade inserted into a cylinder and injected with a liquid such as water to be solidified. Turbine blade fixing device.

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