JP2010169883A - Light shielding object - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light shielding object which has a relation between a light angle and a light shielding ratio different from that of a conventional blind. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of light shielding parts as a whole form at least three layers each of which has two or more light shielding parts. A plane coming into contact with a face formed by an optional one layer is made to be a third plane, one plane which is vertical to the third plane is made to be a first plane and another plane which is vertical to the first plane and is not in parallel with the third plane is made to be a second plane. When a1 denotes a first predetermined angle, b1 denotes a second predetermined angle, a2 denotes a third predetermined angle, b2 denotes a fourth predetermined angle and a relation: -90°<b2<a2≤0°≤a1<b1<90° is satisfied, a light shielding ratio with respect to light in a direction that is in parallel with the second plane and has an angle formed by the first plane, of equal to or larger than a2 and equal to or smaller than a1, becomes a maximum light shielding ratio. Further the light shielding ratio with respect to light in a direction that is in parallel with the second plane and has an angle formed by the first plane, of larger than b2 and smaller than a2 or the light shielding ratio with respect to light in a direction having the angle larger than a1 and smaller than b1 becomes smaller than the maximum light shielding ratio. Thus the light shielding object is disposed so as to have predetermined three dimensional arrangement. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a light shield. More specifically, the present invention relates to a light shielding body having a plurality of light shielding portions.

Conventionally, a blind is known as a light-shielding body for preventing strong sunlight and creating a comfortable shade. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional blind. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the conventional blind shown in FIG. The conventional blind 10 includes a plurality of light-shielding portions 11 (louvers) each of which has an elongated and identical shape (strip shape). The respective light shielding portions are arranged at equal intervals to each other to form a single plane (xy plane in the drawing). Each light shielding portion forms a certain angle with the plane (90 ° in the figure), and each light shielding portion is parallel to each other. As shown in FIG. 1, the xyz orthogonal coordinate system is set so that the extending direction of each light shielding portion 11 is the y axis and the direction in which the light shielding portions 11 are arranged is the x axis. In the coordinate system, the shielding rate of the blind 10 with respect to light parallel to the xz plane (parallel light) is considered. Here, the angle formed between the light direction and the yz plane is referred to as “light angle”. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in a conventional blind. As shown in the figure, in the conventional blind, the shielding rate is substantially zero with respect to light having a light angle of zero (light parallel to the first axis in FIG. 2), and light is completely transmitted. On the other hand, when the angle of light exceeds a certain value (θ _{2 in the} figure), the shielding rate becomes 100% and the light is completely blocked.

  Here, the shielding rate is a value defined for a light shielding body including a structure in which a plurality of light shielding portions are arranged to form at least one layer, and is a plane in contact with a surface formed by the layer (the layer is a plane). When a parallel light is applied to the plane from the opposite side so as to sandwich the light shielding body with respect to a plane that is parallel to the plane) and does not intersect with the light shielding body, One cylindrical curved surface that is vertical and surrounds the entire light shield, a plane that passes through the point closest to the plane of the light shield, and is parallel to the plane, and a point farthest from the plane of the light shield Considering a cylindrical solid formed by a plane parallel to the plane, the area of the net shadow created by the shading body relative to the area of the shadow created by the solid on the plane (the shadows of the plurality of light shielding portions overlap) If so, that overlap The amount refers to the percentage of only the shadow of one of the light shielding portion and a shadow net).

  As described above, in the conventional blind, the shielding rate is substantially zero for light in a specific direction, and the shielding rate is high for light in other directions. However, depending on the scene in which the light shield is used, a light shield with a different relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate may be desired.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a light-shielding body in which the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate is different from that of a conventional blind.

  The inventor of the present invention has devised a light-shielding body having a high shielding rate for light in a specific direction and a lower shielding rate for light in other directions as a light-shielding body different from the conventional blind. In the following, “light” simply refers to parallel light such as sunlight. The direction of light refers to the traveling direction (vector) of light rays included in parallel light.

  Such a light-shielding body transmits light in other directions (for example, scattered light from the sky) while shielding strong direct sunlight. Therefore, for example, by taking in an appropriate amount of light from the outdoors while preventing solar radiation, a comfortable indoor environment with a high sense of openness can be realized.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in such an ideal light shielding body. In FIG. 4, the shielding rate with respect to light in a specific direction (light with a light angle of zero) is almost 100%. However, the shielding rate is low with respect to light in other directions, and the shielding rate exceeds a predetermined angle. Is almost zero.

  As one having characteristics similar to such an ideal light-shielding body, first, a structure in which surface gratings are doubled (hereinafter referred to as a double-faced grating) can be considered. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a double-faced lattice. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the double-plane grating shown in FIG. 5 taken along a plane parallel to the xz plane. The double-faced grating 20 is the same as the conventional blind in that it includes a plurality of light-shielding portions 21 that are elongated and have the same shape, but is different from the conventional blind in the following points. That is, in the double-faced lattice 20, each light shielding part 21 is divided into two light shielding part groups 22a and 22b. Each of the light shielding part groups 22a and 22b forms one layer. The two layers are parallel. The plane formed by each light shielding portion 21a, 21b is also parallel to the plane. In the plane formed by the light shielding portion group 22a, the plurality of light shielding portions 21a are arranged in parallel to each other at equal intervals. In the plane formed by the light shielding part group 22b, the plurality of light shielding parts 21b are arranged in parallel to each other at equal intervals. The interval between the light shielding parts 21a is equal to the width of the light shielding part 21a. The interval between the light shielding parts 21b is equal to the width of the light shielding part 21b. The light shielding part 21a and the light shielding part 21b have the same width.

  A plane (a plane parallel to the xy plane in FIGS. 5 and 6) that is in contact with the plane formed by one of the light shielding unit groups 22a and 22b is a third plane, and is perpendicular to the third plane; A plane parallel to the direction in which the light-shielding portion 21 extends (a plane parallel to the yz plane in FIGS. 5 and 6) is defined as the first plane, and is perpendicular to the first plane and relative to the third plane. A plane that is not parallel to each other (a plane that is perpendicular to the yz plane and forms an angle with the xy plane in FIGS. 5 and 6) is defined as a second plane. The angle formed by the light parallel to the second plane and the first plane is hereinafter referred to as “light angle”.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the double-plane grating 20 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As shown in FIG. 7, the light-shielding portion has no gap with respect to light whose light angle is zero (light parallel to the first plane and the second plane, light parallel to the first axis in FIG. 6). By arranging 21, a 100% shielding rate (maximum shielding rate) is realized. On the other hand, light having a light entrance angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than θ ₂ or light larger than −θ _{2 and} smaller than 0 ° is transmitted to some extent (the shielding rate is smaller than the maximum shielding rate). ). Here, tan θ ₂ = l / d (d is the distance between the plane formed by the light shielding unit group 22a and the plane formed by the light shielding unit group 22b, and l is adjacent to the light shielding unit 21 in the same light shielding unit group. The distance between the light shielding portions 21 = the width of each light shielding portion 21). In the example of FIG. 6, d = 1 and θ ₂ = 45 °.

  However, there is a problem that the average value of the aperture ratio (= 1−shielding ratio) with respect to light in other directions is not sufficiently high in the double plane grating (theoretical value is about 25% on average).

  Therefore, the present inventor has intensively studied to further improve the characteristics of such a double-faced lattice. As a result, it has been found that the aperture ratio is improved by arranging the light shielding portions in a three-dimensional array dispersed in three or more layers. When the three-dimensional array is configured to include a self-similar array, the aperture ratio is further improved. If the light shielding portions are arranged without gaps when viewed from the direction in which light shielding is desired, the maximum shielding rate can be set to 100%. Hereinafter, a specific example will be described.

  FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a light shielding body composed of four layers of light shielding portions. When viewed from the direction of the first axis, the light shielding portions are arranged without gaps. For this reason, the light parallel to the first axis is always shielded by one of the light shielding portions (shielding rate 100%). In the light shielding body of FIG. 8, it is random in which layer (light shielding portion group) the light shielding portion is arranged. Further, the width l of the light shielding body is equal to the interval d between the light shielding portion groups. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship (theoretical value) between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, it can be seen that the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. 8 is close to the ideal characteristic as shown in FIG. The aperture ratio is 45% or more and about 32%, which is higher than the average value of the double-faced lattice, 25%. Further, when the number of layers (n) is increased, the aperture ratio gradually increases, and reaches about 37% at the limit of n → ∞.

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a light shield disposed so as to form a self-similar arrangement (fractal). FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the light shield shown in FIG. 10 taken along a plane parallel to the xz plane. As shown in the figure, this light shielding body has four layers of light shielding portion groups 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d. The light shielding unit groups 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d each include a plurality of light shielding units 31a, a plurality of light shielding units 31b, a plurality of light shielding units 31c, and a plurality of light shielding units 31d. Each light shielding portion has the same elongated rectangular shape and is arranged so as to extend in parallel to the y-axis direction. In a cross section (vertical cross section) cut along the xz plane, the light shielding portions are arranged in a self-similar manner.

  In the self-similar arrangement illustrated in FIG. 11, an arrangement of three points (0, 0), (1, 1), and (0, 2) in a virtual XY orthogonal coordinate plane. Are arranged in a basic arrangement to form a first unit 33a, and the first unit 33a is used as a unit for the three first units 33a. The light shielding portions are arranged such that the second units 33b are arranged in the basic arrangement. Note that the arrangement in the basic arrangement means that the units are arranged such that a specific portion of each unit (for example, the center of gravity of each light shielding portion) forms the basic arrangement.

  In FIG. 10, a plane (plane parallel to the xy plane) formed by the light shielding portion group 32d is a third plane 34c, a plane perpendicular to the third plane 34c and parallel to the extending direction of each light shielding portion (yz). A plane parallel to the plane) is defined as a first plane 34a, and a plane perpendicular to the first plane 34a and not parallel to the third plane 34c is defined as a second plane 34b. At this time, light parallel to both the first plane 34a and the second plane 34b (light parallel to the first axis in FIG. 11, the intersection M between the first plane 34a and the second plane 34b). The shielding rate for parallel light) is the maximum shielding rate (100% here). In addition, the shielding ratio for the light 35 that is parallel to the second plane 34b and has the angle (light angle) formed with the first plane 34a is θ is greater than or equal to a2 (here 0 °) and a1 (here 0 °) or less, that is, 0 °, the maximum shielding rate is obtained, and when θ is larger than b2 (eg, −45 ° here) and smaller than a2 (here 0 °) or larger than a1 (here 0 °) and b1 ( Here, for example, when it is smaller than + 45 °, it becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. Even in such a configuration, the shielding rate is 100% for light parallel to the first axis (θ = 0 °). That is, when viewed from the direction of the first axis, the light shielding portions are arranged without gaps. Further, for the light is theta = theta _2, making a shadow offset by l in layers one below. For this reason, among the six adjacent light shielding portions, four light shielding portions overlap each other, and the remaining two light shielding portions overlap each other. Due to such overlapping, only two of the six light-shielding portions are shaded. For this reason, the light shielding ratio is 1/3 = 33%. At this time, if the second plane 34b is perpendicular to the third plane 34c and d = 1, tan θ ₂ = 1 / d = 1. Therefore theta ₂ becomes ± 45 °. Further, for the light is theta = theta _3, making a shadow offset by 6l in layers one below. For this reason, the four light shielding portions complement each other, and the light is completely shielded. At this time, if the second plane 34b is perpendicular to the third plane 34c and d = 1, then tan θ ₃ = 6 l / d = 6 and θ ₃ is about ± 81 °.

In other words, first, a large number of light shielding portions are arranged so as to form a flat surface without a gap, and are shifted in the direction of the first axis to form a gap between the light shielding portions, thereby transmitting light in the direction of the second axis. When the first axis is perpendicular to the plane formed by the arranged light shielding portions, the angle of the second axis (the angle formed by the second axis with the first axis) θ ₂ is arctan (l / d). It becomes. When the pattern of the light-shielding part group has a period n (n = 6 in this figure), there is a third axis with a shielding rate of 100% as in the first axis, and the angle θ ₃ is arctan (nl / D). In general, since m ≦ n with respect to the number m of the light shielding portion groups, θ ₃ is considerably larger than θ ₂ when m ≧ 3. (Substantially, the periodicity does not matter much.) As a result, it is possible to substantially increase the aperture ratio for light in directions other than the first axis.

Here, a1 (first predetermined angle), b1 (second predetermined angle), a2 (third predetermined angle), and b2 (fourth predetermined angle) are −90 ° <b2 <a2 ≦. The predetermined angle satisfies 0 ° ≦ a1 <b1 <90 °. Here, a1 = a2 = 0 ° when the light-shielding portions are arranged with no overlap and no gap when viewed from the direction of the first axis, a1 = a2 = 0 °, but when there is an overlap or a gap between the light-shielding portions, a1 > 0 ° and a2 <0 °. In Figure 12, shielding ratio when theta = theta ₃ is maximum shielding ratio again. Therefore, b1 can be an arbitrary value larger than − | θ ₃ | and smaller than 0 °, and b2 can be an arbitrary value larger than 0 ° and smaller than + | θ ₃ |. As a result, the shielding rate is smaller than the maximum shielding rate for θ where b2 <θ <a2 or a1 <θ <b1. Note that the maximum shielding rate can be less than 100% when there is a gap between the light shielding portions when viewed from the direction of the first axis.

  In the example of FIG. 10, a1 = a2 = 0 °, and when there is an overlap or a gap between the light shielding portions, a1> 0 °, a2 <0 °, and | a1 | = | a2 |. Here, if the whole is further shifted horizontally by a predetermined angle (for example, shifted in the x direction by a distance proportional to the z coordinate), a1> 0 °, a2 <0 ° and | a1 | ≠ | a2 |. Needless to say, | b1 | ≠ | b2 |.

  Further, when considering an xyz orthogonal coordinate system, the above description assumes a configuration that is homogeneous in the y direction (a configuration in which each light-shielding portion is an elongated strip shape extending in the y direction). In this case, the shielding rate is 100% for light in any direction as long as it is parallel to the yz plane as well as for light in the z direction (vertical direction in the drawing).

  However, the light shielding body of the present invention is not necessarily limited to such a configuration. 8 and 11 may be provided for both the x-direction and the y-direction, and the cross-section as shown in FIGS. 8 and 11 may be provided for any direction in the xy plane. You may have. In such a structure, only the shielding rate with respect to light in one specific direction is maximized, and the shielding rate is lower with respect to light in any other direction. With such a configuration, a light-shielding body with higher directivity (a light-shielding body having a high shielding rate only with respect to light in a limited direction) can be obtained.

  In this case, for example, considering the y direction, the angle formed by the second plane 34b and the third plane 34c is φ (0 ° <φ ≦ 90 °: the angle formed may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle. , And the fifth predetermined angle is a1 ′, the sixth predetermined angle is b1 ′, the seventh predetermined angle is a2 ′, and the eighth predetermined angle is b2 ′. , −180 ° + φ <b2 ′ <a2 ′ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ′ <b1 ′ <φ, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to both the first plane 34a and the second plane 34b is the maximum shielding rate It becomes. Further, the shielding rate with respect to light whose angle (light angle) that is parallel to the first plane 34b and the second plane 34a is θ ′ is the maximum shielding rate when θ ′ is a2 ′ or more and a1 ′ or less. When θ ′ is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′, or larger than a1 ′ and smaller than b1 ′, it becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate. Note that θ ′ is defined so that light is parallel to the third plane 34c when θ ′ = φ or θ ′ = (− 180 ° + φ).

  Or, as shown in FIG. 42, for any plane (fourth plane 34d) including the intersection line M between the first plane 34a and the second plane 34b, the intersection line M and the first plane 34d in the fourth plane 34d. The angle formed by the intersecting line N of the third plane 34c and the fourth plane 34d is α (0 ° <α ≦ 90 °: two angles, an acute angle and an obtuse angle, are considered. One of the acute angles is α. The ninth predetermined angle is a1 '', the tenth predetermined angle is b1 '', the eleventh predetermined angle is a2 '', and the twelfth predetermined angle is b2 ''. When satisfying 180 ° + α <b2 ″ <a2 ″ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ″ <b1 ″ <α, light parallel to both the first plane 34a and the second plane 34b (in the intersecting line M) The shielding rate with respect to (parallel light) is the maximum shielding rate. Further, the shielding rate against light having an angle (light angle) parallel to the fourth plane 34d and the intersecting line M is θ ″ is maximum when θ ″ is not less than a2 ″ and not more than a1 ″. The shielding ratio is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio when θ ″ is larger than b2 ″ and smaller than a2 ″ or larger than a1 ″ and smaller than b1 ″. Note that θ ″ is defined so that light is parallel to the third plane 34c when θ ″ = α or θ ″ = (− 180 ° + α).

  That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, at least a part of the light shielding body of the present invention has a plurality of light shielding parts, and the plurality of light shielding parts included in the part as a whole are each a plurality of light shielding parts. And a plane that is in contact with a plane formed by any one of the layers is defined as a third plane, and a plane that is perpendicular to the third plane is defined as the first plane. A plane that is perpendicular to the first plane and not parallel to the third plane is the second plane, the first predetermined angle is a1, the second predetermined angle is b1, and the third plane When the predetermined angle of a2 is a2 and the fourth predetermined angle is b2, when −90 ° <b2 <a2 ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 <b1 <90 ° is satisfied, the second plane is parallel and the second The shielding rate with respect to light in the direction in which the angle formed with the plane 1 is a2 or more and a1 or less is the maximum shielding. And the shielding rate with respect to light in a direction parallel to the second plane and made with the first plane and larger than b2 and smaller than a2 or larger than a1 and smaller than b1 is smaller than the maximum shielding rate. Are arranged so as to form a predetermined three-dimensional array.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to provide a light shielding body in which the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate is different from that of a conventional blind. Dispersing the light-shielding portions in three or more layers and arranging them in a predetermined three-dimensional arrangement realizes a high shielding rate for light incident from a specific direction, while preventing light incident from other directions. Can achieve a high aperture ratio.

  In the above light-shielding body, the predetermined three-dimensional array further has a fifth predetermined angle a1 ′ when an angle formed by the second plane and the third plane is φ (0 ° <φ <90 °). , Assuming that the sixth predetermined angle is b1 ′, the seventh predetermined angle is a2 ′, and the eighth predetermined angle is b2 ′, −180 ° + φ <b2 ′ <a2 ′ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ′ <b1 When “<φ is satisfied, a shielding rate with respect to light in a direction parallel to the first plane and an angle between the second plane and a2 ′ or more and a1 ′ or less is the maximum shielding rate, and the first shielding rate is And the shielding rate with respect to light in the direction larger than b2 'and smaller than a2' or smaller than a1 'and smaller than b1' is smaller than the maximum shielding rate. It may be.

  In such a configuration, the shielding rate is reduced regardless of which side of the first plane or the second plane is inclined from the direction in which the shielding rate is maximized. Therefore, more preferable angle-shielding rate characteristics can be realized.

  Here, two angles, an acute angle and an obtuse angle, can be considered as the angle formed by the second plane and the third plane, and the angle that is an acute angle is φ. The angle between the light and the second plane is defined to be parallel to the third plane when it is φ or (−180 ° + φ).

  In the above light-shielding body, the predetermined three-dimensional array further includes an intersection line between the first plane and the second plane as an intersection line M, and an arbitrary plane including the intersection line M as a fourth plane. , An intersection line between the third plane and the fourth plane is defined as an intersection line N, and an angle formed by the intersection line M and the intersection line N in the fourth plane is α (0 ° <α ≦ 90 °), the ninth predetermined angle is a1 ″, the tenth predetermined angle is b1 ″, the eleventh predetermined angle is a2 ″, and the twelfth predetermined angle is b2 ″. When satisfying −180 ° + α <b2 ″ <a2 ″ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ″ <b1 ″ <α, an angle parallel to the fourth plane and the intersecting line M is equal to or larger than a2 ″ The shielding rate for light in a direction equal to or less than a1 ″ is the maximum shielding rate, and the angle that is parallel to the fourth plane and the intersecting line M is b2 ″. The shielding rate for light in a direction larger than a2 ″ or smaller than a1 ″ and smaller than b1 ″ may be smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  In such a configuration, the shielding rate decreases regardless of the direction from which the shielding rate is maximized. Therefore, more preferable angle-shielding rate characteristics can be realized.

  Here, two angles, an acute angle and an obtuse angle, are conceivable as the angles formed by the second plane and the third plane, and the acute angle is α. The angle between the light and the second plane is defined to be parallel to the third plane when it is α or (−180 ° + α).

  Further, in the light shielding body, each of the light shielding portions may have a planar shape parallel to the third plane. With this configuration, the light shielding portion can be easily formed, and a three-dimensional arrangement can be easily designed.

  In the light shielding body, the light shielding portions may be arranged without a gap when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the third plane. In such a configuration, the maximum light shielding rate is 100%.

  Further, in the light shielding body, all of the light shielding portions have the same size and shape, and the same shape may be any one of a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon. In such a configuration, it is possible to easily arrange the light shielding portions without gaps when viewed from a specific direction.

  In the light shield, the predetermined three-dimensional array includes a plurality of the light-shielding portions arranged in a three-dimensional basic array to form a first unit, and the first unit arranged in the basic array. And may include a self-similar arrangement forming the second unit. In such a configuration, the probability that the light shielding portions overlap with each other increases, and a larger aperture ratio can be realized with respect to light from a specific direction.

  Further, the light shielding body may include a translucent support member, and each of the light shielding portions may be supported by the support member.

  In the light shielding body, the support member may be a plate material.

  Further, in the light shielding body, the plate material may be glass, plastic, or a composite member thereof.

Further, in the light shielding body, each of the light shielding portions forms a square of the same size parallel to the third plane and is supported by the surfaces of a plurality of plate members that are parallel to the layer and have translucency. In the three-dimensional array, a plurality of the light shielding portions are arranged in a three-dimensional basic array to form a first unit, and the first unit is arrayed in the basic array to form a second unit. The light shielding portions may be arranged without a gap when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the third plane.
[Definition and other special instructions]
In this specification, the characteristic of each light shielding part is called “light shielding rate” or “light transmittance”, and the characteristic of the entire light shielding body having the light shielding parts arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array is called “shielding rate”. Alternatively, it is called “aperture ratio”.

  Assuming that the intensity of the light before the light in a certain direction passes through the light shielding part itself is K and the intensity of the light after the light passes through the light shielding part itself is K ′, the “light shielding rate” is (K−K). ') / K, and the "transmissivity" is K' / K.

  On the other hand, when a light-shielding body having a plurality of light-shielding portions arranged so as to form a predetermined three-dimensional array is considered, and when the light-shielding ratio of each light-shielding portion is 100%, light in a certain direction is emitted from the light-shielding body. The ratio blocked by is the “shielding rate”. On the other hand, the ratio at which light in a certain direction passes through the light shielding body (the ratio at which the light passes through the gaps between the individual light shielding parts constituting the light shielding body) is the “opening ratio”.

  “The plurality of light shielding parts included in the part as a whole are arranged so as to form a predetermined three-dimensional array” means that one of the plurality of light shielding parts of the light shielding body of the present invention. This means that when a part is taken out, a plurality of light-shielding parts included in the part form the predetermined three-dimensional array. Specifically, for example, a part of the light shielding body may have a structure as shown in FIG. The light shielding body as a whole may have a curved surface. For example, the light shielding portion group may form a curved layer such as a corrugated plate. Therefore, as a whole, each layer does not necessarily need to be a plane and does not have to be parallel to each other.

  The “plane in contact with the surface formed by any one layer of the layers” is the plane when any layer forms a plane. When an arbitrary layer is curved, it may be a plane that is in contact with the surface formed by the layer at an arbitrary point.

  The present invention has the above-described configuration and has the following effects. That is, it has a high shielding rate for light in a specific direction and a lower shielding rate for light in other directions, and the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate is different from the conventional blind. A light shielding body can be provided.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
[Schematic configuration]
FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a partial top view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a partial side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The light blocking body 100 of the present embodiment can have an arbitrary spread in the xy plane direction. That is, FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 show a part of the light shield 100. In addition, as will be described later, the light shielding body only needs to have a planar shape locally, and the whole may have a curved surface.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the light shielding body 100 includes a plurality of light shielding portions 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d. The light shielding portions 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are divided into four layers extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction. In order to facilitate understanding of the positional relationship, the color of each light-shielding part is shown to be darker from the upper layer to the lower layer.

  That is, the plurality of light shielding portions 101a are arranged in a plane to form the first light shielding portion group 102a, and the first light shielding portion group 102a constitutes the first layer. A plurality of light shielding portions 101b are arranged in a plane to form a second light shielding portion group 102b, and the second light shielding portion group 102b constitutes a second layer. A plurality of light shielding portions 101c are arranged in a plane to form a third light shielding portion group 102c, and the third light shielding portion group 102c constitutes a third layer. A plurality of light shielding portions 101d are arranged in a plane to form a fourth light shielding portion group 102d, and the fourth light shielding portion group 102d constitutes a fourth layer. The distance between the first light shielding part group 102a and the second light shielding part group 102b, the distance between the second light shielding part group 102b and the third light shielding part group 102c, and the third light shielding part group 102c The distance from the fourth light shielding unit group 102d is d.

  Each of the light shielding portions 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d has a planar shape that forms a square of the same size with one side having a length of 1 when viewed from above (in the z-axis direction in the figure). The plane formed by each light shielding portion overlaps (is parallel to) the plane formed by the light shielding portion group including the light shielding portion. For example, the plane formed by the light shielding unit 101a overlaps (is parallel) with the plane formed by the first light shielding unit group 102a (the plane formed by the first layer).

  In the present embodiment, d = 1.

  As shown in FIG. 14, when viewed from the z-axis direction, the light shielding portions 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are arranged with no gap therebetween.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the light blocking body 100 includes support plates 104a and 104b (support members) made of a light-transmitting plate material. The light shielding portions 101a and 101b are supported on the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate 104a. The light shielding portions 101c and 101d are supported on the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate 104b. The thickness of the support plates 104a and 104b is d. The distance between the support plate 104a and the support plate 104b is d. Here, it is assumed that the refractive index of light on the support plate is negligible. The thickness of the support plate and the interval between the support plates are appropriately adjusted according to the refractive index. Further, the thickness of the support plate and the interval between the support plates do not necessarily need to match.

  The support plates 104a and 104b can be, for example, colorless and transparent glass plates, plastic plates, plastic-coated glass plates, or the like. The light shielding portions 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d may be screen-printed patterns on the surfaces of the support plates 104a and 104b using ink having light shielding properties, or may be seals made of a material having light shielding properties. There may be.

  FIG. 16 is a partial top view of each light shielding portion group in the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 16 (a) is a partial top view of the first light shielding portion group 102a, and FIG. 16 (b) is a second top view. FIG. 16C is a partial top view of the third light shielding portion group 102c, and FIG. 16D is a partial top view of the fourth light shielding portion group 102d. As shown in FIG. 16, when viewed from above, each light shielding portion group has a pattern in which squares arranged in a lattice pattern are filled according to a predetermined rule.

  FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a repetitive unit in the top view illustrating the schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light-shielding portions in the light-shielding body 100 is such that the repeating units 105 (6 × 6 patterns) are repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions when viewed from above. ing.

[Self-similar arrangement]
The light blocking body 100 includes a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure). Hereinafter, the self-similar arrangement in this embodiment will be described.

  18A and 18B are diagrams showing a self-similar arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18A is a top view of the first unit, and FIG. 18B is a perspective view of the first unit. 18 (c) is a top view of the second unit. FIG. 18D is a perspective view of the second unit.

  The first unit 106 has four light shielding parts arranged in a three-dimensional basic arrangement. As shown in FIG. 18B, the basic arrangement in the present embodiment is obtained by dividing the three-dimensional space in a grid pattern in an arbitrary xyz orthogonal coordinate system and expressing the position by (X, Y, Z) coordinates. An arrangement in which the centers of gravity of the four light-shielding portions are located at (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1), and (1, 1, 1), respectively.

  The second unit 107 is obtained by arranging four first units 106 in the basic arrangement. As shown in FIGS. 18C and 18D, the second unit 107 includes 16 light shielding portions. In this way, a structure in which a certain shape is arranged in a basic arrangement and the shape obtained thereby is further arranged in a similar basic arrangement is called a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure). The three-dimensional array (second unit 107) shown in FIG. 18 (d) is a self-similar array.

  FIG. 19 is a top view showing the position of the self-similar arrangement in the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 19, the light blocking body 100 includes a number of self-similar arrays (second units 107). When the second unit 107a is rotated 90 degrees around the z-axis and shifted by 3l in the negative direction of the x-axis, it overlaps the adjacent second unit 107b. When the second unit 107a is rotated 90 degrees around the z-axis and shifted by 3l in the negative direction of the y-axis, the adjacent second unit 107d is obtained. As is clear from FIG. 19, the self-similar arrangement (second unit 107) in the present embodiment overlaps with each other between adjacent units.

[Relationship between light angle and shielding rate]
Next, the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body 100 will be described. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the angle of light incident on the light blocking body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. A main surface of the light shielding body 100 (a plane in contact with the surface formed by the light shielding portion group 102a) is defined as an xy plane, which is defined as a third plane. An arbitrary point on the main surface is defined as an origin, a plane parallel to the yz plane passing through the origin is defined as a first plane 108, and a plane passing through the origin and parallel to the xz plane is defined as a second plane 109. The second light 111 parallel to the plane 109 and (parallel to the direction of light 111 line) the angle between the first plane 108 and theta _x. An angle formed between the light 110 parallel to the first plane 108 (a straight line parallel to the direction of the light 110) and the second plane 109 is defined as θ _y .

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shielding body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). In FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 21, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis (light parallel to both the first plane 108 and the second plane 109). The shielding rate becomes the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this embodiment is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in the present embodiment is 39% (14/36) (maximum aperture ratio = 61%). When θ _x or θ _y further increases from 45 °, the shielding rate increases again. As shown in the figure, in the vicinity of θ _x = θ _y = ± 71.6 ° (tan θ _x = tan θ _y = 3), the shielding rate becomes 100% again.

  The shielding rate is determined by how much the light shielding parts belonging to the respective layers overlap each other when viewed from the direction in which the light is emitted. When the overlap of the light shielding portions is minimized, the shielding ratio is maximized. On the other hand, when the overlap of the light shielding portions is the largest, the shielding rate is minimum.

Consider a shadow that the light shielding body creates on a plane parallel to the xy plane when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °. At this time, in an arbitrary 6 × 6 lattice (repeating unit of the three-dimensional arrangement of the light shields 100), 22 of the 36 light shields overlap with other light shields. As a result, a gap corresponding to 22 of the 36 sheets is generated, and the aperture ratio is 22/36 = 61%. The shielding rate is 100% -61% = 39%. The average aperture ratio is 32% (= (28/36) ² × (26/36) ² ) if the shielding effect in each layer is considered to be accumulated independently.

As described above, a1 = 0 °, b1 = + 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = + 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = −. If the angle is 45 °, in the light shielding body 100, the shielding ratio with respect to light parallel to the z-axis (light parallel to both the first plane 108 and the second plane 109) becomes the maximum shielding ratio. It is parallel to the second plane 109, shield with respect to light of the first plane 108 and the angle theta _x is greater than greater a2 smaller direction or a1 than b2 b1 smaller direction is smaller than the maximum blocking rate. Further, the shielding ratio with respect to light in a direction parallel to the first plane 108 and having an angle θ _y with the second plane 109 larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and smaller than b1 ′ is the maximum shielding. Smaller than the rate. Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 ''<b1''<90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 21, the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases), regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z-axis.

  The light shielding body 100 includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array so that such a pattern of the shielding rate is realized, thereby having a high shielding rate with respect to light in a specific direction and other directions. A light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate is realized with respect to the light. Further, in the light shielding body 100, since the light shielding portion is formed of three or more layers, the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average aperture ratio and the maximum aperture ratio are large) compared to the double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

  The shielding rate in the light shielding body 100 of the present embodiment will be described as follows according to the above definition. A plane (parallel to the xy plane) that extends parallel to the surface (plane formed by the fourth layer) that is in contact with the fourth layer formed by the light-shielding part group 102d and extends below the fourth layer (the negative direction of the z-axis). When a parallel light is applied to the reference plane from the opposite side (positive side of the z-axis) so as to sandwich the light-shielding body 100 with respect to the reference plane, the reference plane is the reference plane. A cylindrical curved surface that is perpendicular to the light shielding body and surrounds the entire light shielding body, a plane that passes through the point closest to the reference plane of the light shielding body (a plane formed by the first layer), and Consider a solid that passes through the point farthest from the reference plane and is parallel to the reference plane (the plane formed by the fourth layer), and is included in the solid with respect to the shadow area created by the solid in the reference plane The area of the net shadow created by the shading part (if the shadows of multiple shading parts overlap, Ri For focus region, the proportion of only shadow of one of the light-shielding portion and shadow net) and the shielding rate. The shielding rate defined in this way in this embodiment has characteristics as shown in FIG. The shielding rate in the following modification examples can be considered in the same manner as in the present embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

[Modification]
It is not necessary that the entire light shielding unit group is configured as a flat surface, and a local flat surface may be configured in part. For example, a structure as shown in FIG. 13 may be formed in a part of the light shield. Specifically, when the light shielding body of this embodiment is used for a sunroof of a car, the entire light shielding body (sunroof) is curved. Even in such a case, for example, both surfaces of each of the two glass plates locally form a plane parallel to each other, and the light shielding portions are formed on both sides of each glass plate so as to form a three-dimensional array as shown in FIG. May be provided. In this case, the third plane is a plane in contact with the curved surface formed by the glass (the curved surface formed by an arbitrary light shielding portion group). Even in such a case, it is possible to realize a light shielding body having a high shielding rate with respect to light in a specific direction and a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions.

  In the above description, the light shielding portion is disposed so that the shielding rate is maximized with respect to light perpendicular to the main surface of the light shielding body. However, the light shielding portion may be disposed so that the shielding ratio is maximized with respect to light that is inserted obliquely with respect to the main surface. In FIG. 13, the angle of light that maximizes the shielding rate can be arbitrarily adjusted by shifting each light shielding portion group by a predetermined distance in the horizontal direction.

Here, as shown in FIG. 21, even in the above-described example, the shielding rate becomes 100% again in the vicinity of θ _x = θ _y = ± 71.6 °. However, when considering the indoor light environment, the angle of 71.6 ° is too large, and the shielding rate is not a problem. Here, it is considered to adjust the angle at which the shielding ratio becomes maximum in the vicinity of θ _x = θ _y = 0 ° (for example, about 0 ° to 30 °).

  In FIG. 13, the light shielding portion group 102a is fixed, the light shielding portion group 102b is moved by a distance k in the y-axis direction, the light shielding portion group 102c is moved by a distance 2k in the same direction, and the light shielding portion group 102d is moved in the same direction. Move by distance 3k. Then, when tan φ = d / k, that is, φ = arctan (d / k), the shielding rate is maximum with respect to light that is parallel to the yz plane and whose angle to the third plane is φ. In this case, the plane parallel to the main surface of the light shield becomes the third plane, the plane parallel to the yz plane becomes the first plane, and the third plane is perpendicular to the first plane. The plane whose angle is φ becomes the second plane. Similarly, in this case, −90 ° <b2 <a2 where the first predetermined angle is a1, the second predetermined angle is b1, the third predetermined angle is a2, and the fourth predetermined angle is b2. When ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 <b1 <90 ° is satisfied, the shielding rate for light parallel to both the first plane and the second plane is the maximum shielding rate, and is parallel to the second plane and There are a1, a2 and b1, b2 in which the shielding rate with respect to the light in the direction that the angle formed with one plane is larger than b2 and smaller than a2 or in the direction larger than a1 and smaller than b1 is smaller than the maximum shielding rate. Also, −φ <b2 ′ <a2 ′ where the fifth predetermined angle is a1 ′, the sixth predetermined angle is b1 ′, the seventh predetermined angle is a2 ′, and the eighth predetermined angle is b2 ′. When satisfying ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ′ <b1 ′ <180 ° −φ, an angle parallel to the first plane and made with the second plane is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1 There are a1 ′, a2 ′ and b1 ′, b2 ′ such that the shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Furthermore, an arbitrary plane including an intersection line (hereinafter referred to as an intersection line M) between the first plane and the second plane is defined as the fourth plane, and the third plane and the fourth plane are within the fourth plane. The angle formed by the intersecting line with the plane (hereinafter referred to as the intersecting line N) and the intersecting line M is α (0 ° <α ≦ 90 °), the ninth predetermined angle is a1 ″, and the tenth predetermined angle Is b1 ″, the eleventh predetermined angle is a2 ″, and the twelfth predetermined angle is b2 ″, −180 ° + α <b2 ″ <a2 ″ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ″ <b1 ′ When “<α is satisfied, the shielding ratio with respect to light in a direction parallel to the fourth plane and the intersecting line M is a2 ″ or more and a1 ″ or less is the maximum shielding ratio, and the fourth plane Shields light that is parallel and has an angle with the intersecting line M greater than b2 '' and smaller than a2 '' or greater than a1 '' and smaller than b1 ''. There are a1 ", a2" and b1 ", b2" where the coverage is smaller than the maximum coverage.

In short, the three-dimensional array of light shielding portions in the present embodiment has the following characteristics. That is, the plane including the direction of the light having the maximum shielding rate (parallel to the direction) and perpendicular to the third plane is defined as the first plane, and the direction of the light having the maximum shielding rate is included (the The plane that is parallel to the direction and perpendicular to the first plane is the second plane, and the angle formed by the second plane and the third plane is φ (0 ° <φ ≦ 90 °). The first predetermined angle is a1, the second predetermined angle is b1, the third predetermined angle is a2, the fourth predetermined angle is b2, the fifth predetermined angle is a1 ′, and the sixth predetermined angle Are b1 ′, the seventh predetermined angle is a2 ′, and the eighth predetermined angle is b2 ′, −90 ° <b2 <a2 ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 <b1 <90 ° and −180 ° + φ < When b2 ′ <a2 ′ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ′ <b1 ′ <φ is satisfied, light in a direction parallel to the second plane and having an angle (θ _x ) between the first plane and a2 is greater than or equal to a1 The shielding rate with respect to light in the direction parallel to the second plane and the angle (θ _x ) between the first plane and the first plane is greater than b2 and less than a2 or greater than a1 and less than b1. Is smaller than the maximum shielding rate, and the angle (θ _y ) between the first plane and the second plane is a The shielding rate with respect to light in the direction of 2 ′ or more and a1 ′ or less is the maximum shielding rate, and the direction (θ _y ) that is parallel to the first plane and made with the second plane is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′. Or the shielding rate with respect to the light of the direction larger than a1 'and smaller than b1' becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, the angle formed by the intersection line M and the intersection line N in the fourth plane is α (0 ° <α ≦ 90 °), the ninth predetermined angle is a1 ″, and the tenth predetermined angle is b1 ″, eleventh predetermined angle a2 ″, and twelfth predetermined angle b2 ″, −180 ° + α <b2 ″ <a2 ″ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ″ <b1 ″ <When α is satisfied, when an arbitrary plane including the intersection line M is the fourth plane, the direction is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle formed with the intersection line M is a2 ″ or more and a1 ″ or less Is the direction that is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle formed with the intersection line M is larger than b2 ″ and smaller than a2 ″ or larger than a1 ″ and smaller than b1 ″. The shielding rate for light is smaller than the maximum shielding rate. To put it simply, the maximum shielding rate is obtained for light parallel to the intersection line M, but the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted. )

  Two angles, an acute angle and an obtuse angle, can be considered as the angle formed by the second plane and the third plane, and the acute angle is φ. The angle formed between the light and the second plane is defined to be parallel to the third plane when it is φ or (−180 ° + φ). Similarly, two angles, an acute angle and an obtuse angle, can be considered as the angle formed by the third plane and the fourth plane, and the acute angle is α. The angle formed by the light and the intersection line M is defined to be parallel to the third plane when this is α or (−180 ° + α).

  The light shielding part group is not necessarily provided on both surfaces of the support plate. For example, one light shielding part group may be provided for one support plate. For example, when there are four light shielding portion groups, the number of support plates can be four. Or you may form a light-shielding part group inside a glass plate. In this case, a single support plate can be used.

  Each light shielding part group may be supported by an independent support member, and each light shielding part group may be configured to be movable in the horizontal direction. In such a configuration, the direction of light with the maximum shielding rate can be arbitrarily controlled. At this time, it is preferable that the relative movement amount of the adjacent layers is proportional to the distance between the layers. Furthermore, an actuator such as a stepping motor may be connected to each light shielding unit group so that the movement amount can be automatically controlled by a computer. The movement amount in the automatic control may be controlled so that, for example, the shielding rate against light emitted from the direction of the sun is maximized. In this aspect, since direct sunlight is always shielded, a more suitable indoor light environment can be realized.

  The number of light shielding part groups (the number of layers formed by the light shielding parts) may be 2 or more, but 3 or more is preferable for improving the aperture ratio, and 4 or more for including a self-similar arrangement. Preferably there is.

  The support member does not necessarily need to be a plate material, and any member may be used as long as each light shielding portion can be supported in a predetermined three-dimensional array. For example, the light shielding part may be supported by a wire or a frame.

  The light shielding ratio of each light shielding portion is not necessarily 100%. It is sufficient if the light shielding rate is higher than the gap between the light shielding portions. For example, when the supporting member is a plate material, the light shielding rate of the indicating member is not necessarily zero. That is, a portion having a relatively low light shielding rate serves as a support member, and a portion having a relatively higher light shielding rate than the support member serves as a light shielding portion.

  The shape of the light shielding part is not particularly limited. For example, the strip shape shown in FIG. 10 may be sufficient, and a square may be sufficient like FIG. Alternatively, it may be a triangle or a hexagon. However, when the light shielding portions are arranged without gaps when viewed from a certain direction, it is preferable that the respective light shielding portions have the same size of triangle, quadrangle, or hexagon.

  The above modification can be applied as appropriate to the modification of the three-dimensional array described below.

[Modification of three-dimensional array]
1: First Modification FIG. 22 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a first modification of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 22, the light shielding body 200 according to the first modification includes a plurality of light shielding portions 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d. The light shielding portions 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d are divided into four layers (light shielding portion groups 202a, 202b, 202c, and 202d) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the figure, the light-shielding body 200 of the present modification has the same configuration as that of the light-shielding body 100 except for the three-dimensional arrangement of the light-shielding portions, and thus detailed description of the specific structure is omitted. Hereinafter, differences from the light shielding body 100 will be described.

  As shown in the figure, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light shielding portions in the light shielding body 200 is such that repeating units 205 (4 × 4 patterns) are repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions when viewed from above. .

  In addition, the repeating unit 205 has a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure) identical to that shown in FIG.

  In other words, the three-dimensional array of the light shields 100 is obtained by repeating the second unit 107, which is a self-similar array, by rotating 90 degrees and shifting it by 3 l, whereas the three-dimensional array of light shields of this modification example Is different in that it is obtained by repeating the same self-similar arrangement as a repeating unit and shifting it by 4 l without rotating.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield in FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 24, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate becomes the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this modification is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this modification is 37.5% (6/16). If | θ _x | or | θ _y | is further increased, the shielding ratio increases again. As shown in the figure, in the vicinity of θ _x = θ _y = ± 45 ° or θ _x = ± 63.4 ° or θ _y = ± 63.4 ° (arctan (2) = 63.4 °), the shielding rate is Again reaches the maximum of 100%.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 200, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis becomes the maximum shielding rate and the second plane. (e.g. the x-z plane) and are parallel, the first plane (e.g. the y-z plane) and the angle theta _x shielding rate for large a2 smaller direction or large b1 smaller direction light from a1 than b2 is It becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 200, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 24, the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z-axis.

  As with the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 200 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array that realizes such a shielding ratio pattern, thereby providing a high shielding ratio for light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. Further, since the light shielding unit 200 includes three or more light shielding portions, the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average aperture ratio and the maximum aperture ratio are large) compared to a double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight. Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

The maximum aperture ratio (62.5%) of the light shield 200 is slightly higher than that of the light shield 100 (61%). On the other hand, the shielding rate becomes 100% near θ _x = θ _y = ± 45 °. Therefore, when the line of sight is directed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the light shielding body, the other side is completely hidden. The average aperture ratio is almost the same (32%: the fourth power of 0.75).

2: Second Modified Example FIG. 25 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a second modified example of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the light shield 300 according to the second modification includes a plurality of light shields 301a, 301b, 301c, and 301d. The light shielding portions 301a, 301b, 301c, and 301d are divided into four layers (light shielding portion groups 302a, 302b, 302c, and 302d) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the figure, the light shielding body 300 of the present modification has the same configuration as the light shielding body 100 except for the three-dimensional arrangement of the light shielding portions, and thus detailed description of the specific structure is omitted. Hereinafter, differences from the light shielding body 100 will be described.

  As shown in the figure, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light-shielding portions in the light-shielding body 300 is repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions while rotating the repeat units 305 (4 × 4 patterns) by 90 degrees when viewed from above. It has become a thing.

  In addition, the repeating unit 305 has a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure) identical to that shown in FIG.

  In other words, the three-dimensional array of the light shields 100 is obtained by repeating the second unit 107, which is a self-similar array, by rotating 90 degrees and shifting it by 3 l, whereas the three-dimensional array of light shields of this modification example Is different in that it is obtained by repeating the same self-similar arrangement as a repeating unit and rotating this by 90 degrees and shifting it by 4 l.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 27, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate is the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this modification is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this modification is 56% (9/16). When | θ _x | or | θ _y | further increases from 45 °, the shielding rate increases again. In the vicinity of θ _x = ± 82.9 ° or θ _y = ± 82.9 ° (arctan (8) = 82.9 °), the shielding rate becomes 100% again.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 300, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z-axis becomes the maximum shielding rate, and the second plane (For example, the xz plane) is parallel to the first plane (eg, the yz plane), and the shielding ratio for light in a direction larger than an angle b2 and smaller than a2 or θ _x is larger than a1 and smaller than b1 is It becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 300, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 27, the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z-axis.

  As with the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 300 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array that realizes such a shielding ratio pattern, thereby providing a high shielding ratio with respect to light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. Further, in the light shielding body 300, the light shielding portion is formed of three or more layers, so that the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average opening ratio and the maximum opening ratio are large) compared to the double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

  The maximum aperture ratio (44%) of the light shield 300 is lower than that of the light shield 100 (61%). The average aperture ratio is almost the same (32%: the fourth power of 0.75).

3: Third Modified Example FIG. 28 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a third modified example of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light blocking body of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 29 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 28, the light shield 400 according to the third modification includes a plurality of light shields 401a, 401b, 401c, and 401d. The light shielding portions 401a, 401b, 401c, and 401d are divided into four layers (light shielding portion groups 402a, 402b, 402c, and 402d) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the figure, the light-shielding body 400 of this modification has the same configuration as that of the light-shielding body 100 except for the three-dimensional arrangement of the light-shielding portions, and thus detailed description of the specific structure is omitted. Hereinafter, differences from the light shielding body 100 will be described.

  As shown in the figure, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light-shielding portions in the light-shielding body 400 is such that the repeating units 405 (4 × 4 patterns) are repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions when viewed from above. .

  The repeating unit 405 has a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure). FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a self-similar arrangement in a third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 30 (a) is a top view of the first unit, and FIG. 30 (b) is the first unit. FIG. 30C is a top view of the second unit. FIG. 30D is a perspective view of the second unit.

  The first unit 406 has four light shielding parts arranged in a three-dimensional basic arrangement. As shown in FIG. 30 (b), the basic arrangement in this modification example is obtained by dividing the three-dimensional space in a grid pattern in an arbitrary xyz orthogonal coordinate system and expressing its position by (X, Y, Z) coordinates. An array in which the centers of gravity of the four light shielding portions are located at (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0), and (1, 1, 0), respectively.

  The second unit 407 is obtained by arranging four first units 406 in the basic arrangement. As shown in FIG. 30C and FIG. 30D, the second unit 407 includes 16 light shielding portions. In this way, a structure in which a certain shape is arranged in a basic arrangement and the shape obtained thereby is further arranged in a similar basic arrangement is called a self-similar arrangement (fractal structure). The three-dimensional array (second unit 407) shown in FIG. 30 (d) is a self-similar array.

  The light shielding body 100 and the light shielding body 400 have different self-similar arrangements. The three-dimensional arrangement of the light shields 100 is obtained by repeating the second unit 107, which is a self-similar arrangement, by rotating 90 degrees and shifting it by 3 l. Is different in that the second unit 407 having a self-similar arrangement is used as a repeating unit and is shifted by 4 l without being rotated.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 31, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate becomes the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this modification is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this modification is 56% (9/16). When | θ _x | or | θ _y | further increases from 45 °, the shielding rate increases again. As shown in the figure, in the vicinity of θ _x = ± 60 ° or θ _y = ± 60 ° (tan θ _x = √3 or = tan θ _y = √3), the shielding rate becomes 100% again.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 400, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis becomes the maximum shielding rate and the second plane. (e.g. the x-z plane) and are parallel, the first plane (e.g. the y-z plane) and the angle theta _x shielding rate for large a2 smaller direction or large b1 smaller direction light from a1 than b2 is It becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 400, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 31, the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of the direction of light from the z axis.

  Like the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 400 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array that realizes such a shielding ratio pattern, thereby providing a high shielding ratio for light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. Further, since the light shielding unit 400 has three or more light shielding portions in the light shielding body 400, the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average aperture ratio and the maximum aperture ratio are large) as compared with a double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 31, the light shielding body 400 has a biased pattern of shielding ratio. Therefore, when it is applied to, for example, a sunroof of a car, a sunroof with a good front view can be realized from the passenger's viewpoint by arranging it so as to reduce the shielding rate against light from the front.

The maximum aperture ratio (44%) of the light shield 400 is lower than that of the light shield 100 (61%). The average aperture ratio (27% = (15/16) (13/16) ² (7/16)) is also lower than that of the light shielding body 100 (32%).

4: Fourth Modified Example FIG. 32 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a fourth modified example of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 33 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 32, the light shield 500 according to the fifth modification includes a plurality of light shields 501a, 501b, 501c, and 501d. The light shielding portions 501a, 501b, 501c, and 501d are divided into four layers (light shielding portion groups 502a, 502b, 502c, and 502d) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the drawing, the light shielding body 500 of the present modification has the same configuration as the light shielding body 100 except for the three-dimensional arrangement of the light shielding portions, and thus detailed description of the specific structure is omitted. Hereinafter, differences from the light shielding body 100 will be described.

  As shown in the drawing, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light-shielding portions in the light-shielding body 500 is such that the repeating units 505 (8 × 8 patterns) are repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions when viewed from above. .

  The plane formed by the light shielding unit group 502a and the plane formed by the light shielding unit group 502b are separated by d, and the plane formed by the light shielding unit group 502c and the plane formed by the light shielding unit group 502d are separated by d. The plane formed by the light shielding portion group 502c is separated by d.

  Further, the three-dimensional array includes a second unit 507 that is the same self-similar array (fractal structure) as shown in FIG.

  That is, the three-dimensional array of the light shields 100 is obtained by repeating the second unit 107, which is a self-similar array, by rotating 90 degrees and shifting it by 3 l, whereas the three-dimensional array of the light shields 500 of the present modification is obtained. Are different in that they are obtained by repeating an 8 × 8 pattern containing one 4 × 4 self-similar array at the center as a repeating unit and shifting this by 8 l without rotating.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 34, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate becomes the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this modification is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this modification is 31% (10/32). If | θ _x | or | θ _y | is further increased, the shielding ratio increases again. In the vicinity of θ _x = ± 82.9 ° or θ _y = ± 82.9 ° (tan θ _x = 8 or tan θ _y = 8), the shielding ratio becomes 100% again.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = ± 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 500, the shielding rate for light parallel to the z-axis becomes the maximum shielding rate, and the second is parallel to the plane (e.g. the x-z plane), the first plane (e.g. the y-z plane) and the angle theta _x shielding rate for a2 smaller direction or large b1 smaller direction light from a1 larger than b2 Becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 500, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 34, the shielding ratio decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z-axis.

  Like the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 500 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array so that such a pattern of the shielding ratio is realized, thereby providing a high shielding rate for light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. Further, in the light shielding body 500, the light shielding portion forms three or more layers, so that the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average opening ratio and the maximum opening ratio are large) compared to the double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight. Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

  The maximum aperture ratio (69%) of the light shield 500 is higher than that (61%) of the light shield 100, but the average aperture ratio is almost the same (32%: the fourth power of 0.75).

5: Fifth Modification FIG. 35 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a fifth modification of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 36 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 37 is a partial side cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light shield according to a fifth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 35, the light-shielding body 600 of the fifth modification is provided with a plurality of light-shielding portions 601a, 601b, 601c, and 601d. The light shielding portions 601a, 601b, 601c, and 601d are divided into four layers (light shielding portion groups 602a, 602b, 602c, and 602d) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the figure, the light-shielding body 600 of this modification has the same configuration as the light-shielding body 100 except for the three-dimensional arrangement of the light-shielding portions, and thus detailed description of the specific structure is omitted. Hereinafter, differences from the light shielding body 100 will be described.

  As shown in the figure, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light shielding portions in the light shielding body 600 is such that 6 × 6 repeating units 605 are repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction when viewed from above. The three-dimensional array includes a second unit 607 that is a 9 × 9 self-similar array (fractal structure).

  As shown in FIGS. 35 and 37, the interval between the light shielding unit groups 602a and 602b is d, the interval between the light shielding unit groups 602b and 602c is 2d, and the interval between the light shielding unit groups 602c and 602d is d.

  As shown in FIG. 37, the light shielding body 600 includes support plates 604a and 604b (support members) made of a light-transmitting plate material. The light shielding portions 601a and 601b are supported on the upper surface and the lower surface of the support plate 604a. The light shielding portions 601c and 601d are supported on the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate 604b. The support plates 604a and 604b have a thickness d. The distance between the support plate 604a and the support plate 604b is 2d.

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield in FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 38, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate becomes the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this modification is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this modification is 33.3% (1/3). If | θ _x | or | θ _y | is further increased, the shielding ratio increases again. In the vicinity of θ _x = ± 80.5 ° or θ _y = ± 80.5 ° (tan θ _x = 6 or tan θ _y = 6), the shielding rate becomes 100%, which is the maximum again.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = ± 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 600, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z-axis becomes the maximum shielding rate, and the second is parallel to the plane (e.g. the x-z plane), the first plane (e.g. the y-z plane) and the angle theta _x shielding rate for a2 smaller direction or large b1 smaller direction light from a1 larger than b2 Becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 600, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding rate with respect to light in a direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or smaller than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding rate. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 38, the shielding ratio decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z axis.

  Like the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 600 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array that realizes such a shielding ratio pattern, thereby providing a high shielding ratio for light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. Further, in the light shielding body 600, the light shielding portion is formed of three or more layers, so that the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are small (the average opening ratio and the maximum opening ratio are large) compared to the double lattice (a comparative example described later). Become). Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight. Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor light environment with a higher feeling of opening while preventing strong direct sunlight.

The maximum aperture ratio (67%) of the light shielding body 600 is larger than that (61%) of the light shielding body 100, and the average aperture ratio is the same (32% = (28/36) ² × (26/36) ² ). .

6: Sixth Modification The three-dimensional arrangement in the light shield according to the first embodiment may be configured as shown in FIGS. Specific features of each three-dimensional array are as described in the section of means for solving the problem. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.

7: Comparative example (double lattice)
FIG. 39 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a comparative example of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 39, the light shield 600 according to the comparative example includes a plurality of light shields 601a and 601b. The light shielding portions 601a and 601b are divided into two layers (light shielding portion groups 602a and 602b) extending in a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.

  As shown in the figure, the arrangement (three-dimensional arrangement) of the light shielding portions in the light shielding body 600 is such that repeating units 605 (2 × 2 patterns) are repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction when viewed from above. .

  The three-dimensional array does not include a self-similar array (fractal structure). In order for the three-dimensional array to include a self-similar array, four or more layers are required.

  That is, the three-dimensional arrangement of the light shielding body 100 is obtained by repeating the second unit 107, which is a self-similar arrangement, by rotating 90 degrees and shifting it by 3 l, whereas the three-dimensional arrangement of the light shielding body 600 of the comparative example is The difference is that a 2 × 2 pattern is used as a repeating unit, and this is obtained by repeating shifting by 2 l without rotating.

FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. The horizontal axis is θ _x , the vertical axis is θ _y , and the unit is degrees (°). As in FIG. 21, the darker the color, the higher the shielding rate.

As can be seen from FIG. 41, when θ _x = θ _y = 0 °, that is, for light parallel to the z-axis, the shielding rate is the maximum value (maximum shielding rate). The maximum shielding rate in this comparative example is 100%. Further, when θ _x or θ _y increases, the shielding rate gradually decreases, and when θ _x = ± 45 ° or θ _y = ± 45 °, the shielding rate becomes the minimum value (minimum shielding rate). The minimum shielding rate in this comparative example is 50% (2/4). If | θ _x | or | θ _y | is further increased, the shielding ratio increases again. Near θ _x = θ _y = ± 45 ° (tan θ _x = tan θ _y = 1) or θ _x = ± 63.4 ° (tan θ _x = 2) or θ _y = ± 63.4 ° (tan θ _x = 2) Thus, the shielding rate becomes 100%, which is the maximum again.

If a1 = 0 °, b1 = 45 °, a2 = 0 °, b2 = −45 °, in the light shielding body 600, the shielding rate for light parallel to the z-axis becomes the maximum shielding rate and the second plane. (e.g. the x-z plane) and are parallel, the first plane (e.g. the y-z plane) and the angle theta _x shielding rate for large a2 smaller direction or large b1 smaller direction light from a1 than b2 is It becomes smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

Further, if a1 ′ = 0 °, b1 ′ = 45 °, a2 ′ = 0 °, b2 ′ = − 45 °, in the light shielding body 500, the shielding rate with respect to light parallel to the z axis is the maximum shielding rate. In addition, the angle θ _y that is parallel to the first plane (for example, the yz plane) and is formed with the second plane (for example, the xz plane) is larger than b2 ′ and smaller than a2 ′ or larger than a1 ′ and b1. 'The shielding rate for light in a smaller direction is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.

  Further, if a1 ″ = 0 ° and a2 ″ = 0 °, an arbitrary plane (fourth plane) including the z axis is parallel to the fourth plane and the angle θ formed with the z axis is b2. B1 '' (a1 '' <b1 '' <90 such that the shielding ratio for light in the direction larger than '' and smaller than a2 '' or in the direction larger than a1 '' and smaller than b1 '' is smaller than the maximum shielding ratio. °) and b2 ″ (−90 ° <b2 ″ <a2 ″). In other words, as shown in FIG. 41, the shielding rate decreases (the aperture ratio increases) regardless of which direction the light is tilted from the z-axis.

  Like the light shielding body 100, the light shielding body 600 also includes a light shielding portion arranged in a predetermined three-dimensional array that realizes such a shielding ratio pattern, thereby providing a high shielding ratio for light in a specific direction. And a light-shielding body having a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. However, in the light-shielding body 600, since the light-shielding portion has two layers, the average shielding ratio and the minimum shielding ratio are increased (the average aperture ratio and the maximum aperture ratio are decreased). The maximum aperture ratio (50%) of the light shielding body 600 is lower than that of the light shielding body 100 (61%), and the average aperture ratio is also low (25%: 0.5 squared).

  As described above, the three-dimensional array (double lattice) of the comparative example has a large shielding rate (low aperture ratio), including a small number of layers and a large shielding rate per layer, and a self-similar arrangement. This is thought to be due to the low probability of overlapping layers.

  From the foregoing description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention are obvious to one skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure and / or function may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

  The light shielding body according to the present invention is a light shielding body having a high shielding rate with respect to light in a specific direction and a lower shielding rate with respect to light in other directions. The light-blocking body is useful as a light-blocking body that can capture an appropriate amount of light from the outside while preventing solar radiation and realize a comfortable indoor environment with a high open feeling.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional blind. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the conventional blind shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in a conventional blind. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in an ideal light shielding body. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a double-faced lattice. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the double-plane grating shown in FIG. 5 taken along a plane parallel to the xz plane. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the double-faced grating shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a light shielding body composed of four layers of light shielding portions. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship (theoretical value) between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a light shield disposed so as to form a self-similar arrangement (fractal). FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the light shield shown in FIG. 10 taken along a plane parallel to the xz plane. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a partial top view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a partial side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a partial top view of each light shielding portion group in the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 16 (a) is a partial top view of the first light shielding portion group 102a, and FIG. 16 (b) is a second top view. FIG. 16C is a partial top view of the third light shielding portion group 102c, and FIG. 16D is a partial top view of the fourth light shielding portion group 102d. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a repetitive unit in the top view illustrating the schematic configuration of the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 18A and 18B are diagrams showing a self-similar arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18A is a top view of the first unit, and FIG. 18B is a perspective view of the first unit. 18 (c) is a top view of the second unit. FIG. 18D is a perspective view of the second unit. FIG. 19 is a top view showing the position of the self-similar arrangement in the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the angle of light incident on the light blocking body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shielding body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when the first modification example of the three-dimensional array is applied to the light blocking body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield in FIG. FIG. 25 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when the second modification of the three-dimensional array is applied to the light blocking body of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. FIG. 28 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when the third modification of the three-dimensional arrangement is applied to the light blocking body of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 29 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a self-similar arrangement in a third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 30 (a) is a top view of the first unit, and FIG. 30 (b) is the first unit. FIG. 30C is a top view of the second unit. FIG. 30D is a perspective view of the second unit. FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield shown in FIG. FIG. 32 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when the fourth modification of the three-dimensional arrangement is applied to the light blocking body of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 33 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. FIG. 35 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when the fifth modification of the three-dimensional array is applied to the light blocking body of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 36 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 37 is a partial side cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light shield according to a fifth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of light and the shielding rate in the light shield in FIG. FIG. 39 is a partial perspective view showing a schematic configuration when a comparative example of a three-dimensional array is applied to the light shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40 is a partial top view of the light shield in FIG. FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the relationship between the light angle and the shielding rate in the light shielding body of FIG. FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating a relationship among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane, the fourth plane, the intersection line M, the intersection line N, the angle Φ, and the angle α.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Conventional blind 11 Light-shielding part 20 Double plane grating 21a, b Light-shielding part 22a, b Light-shielding part group 31a, b, c, d Light-shielding part 32a, b, c, d Light-shielding part group 33a 1st unit 33b 2nd Unit 34a first plane 34b second plane 34c third plane 35 light 100 light shields 101a, b, c, d light shield 102a first light shield group 102b second light shield group 102c third light shield Unit group 102d Fourth light shielding unit group 104a, b Support plate 105 Repeat unit 106 First unit 107a, b, c, d Second unit 108 First plane 109 Second plane 110 First plane 108 Parallel light 111 Light 200 parallel to the second plane 109 Light-shielding bodies 201a, b, c, d Light-shielding portions 202a, b, c, d Light-shielding portion group (layer)
205 Repeating unit 300 Light shielding body 301a, b, c, d Light shielding portion 302a, b, c, d Light shielding portion group (layer)
305 Repeating unit 400 Light shielding body 401a, b, c, d Light shielding portion 402a, b, c, d Light shielding portion group (layer)
405 Repeating unit 406 First unit 407 Second unit 500 Light shielding member 501a, b, c, d Light shielding unit 502a, b, c, d Light shielding unit group (layer)
505 Repeating unit 600 Light shielding body 601a, b Light shielding portion 602a, b Light shielding portion group (layer)
605 Repeat unit

Claims (10)

A shading body, at least part of which
Having a plurality of light shielding parts,
As a whole, a plurality of light shielding parts included in the part,
3 or more layers each having a plurality of light shielding portions,
A plane in contact with the surface formed by any one layer of the layers is a third plane,
A plane that is perpendicular to the third plane is defined as the first plane,
A plane perpendicular to the first plane and not parallel to the third plane is defined as the second plane.
Assuming that the first predetermined angle is a1, the second predetermined angle is b1, the third predetermined angle is a2, and the fourth predetermined angle is b2, −90 ° <b2 <a2 ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 < When b1 <90 ° is satisfied,
The shielding rate with respect to light in a direction parallel to the second plane and the angle between the first plane and a2 is a1 or less is a maximum shielding rate,
The shielding rate with respect to light in a direction parallel to the second plane and made with the first plane and larger than b2 and smaller than a2 or in a direction larger than a1 and smaller than b1 is smaller than the maximum shielding rate.
Arranged to form a predetermined three-dimensional array,
Shading body. The predetermined three-dimensional array further includes
An intersection line between the first plane and the second plane is defined as an intersection line M,
An arbitrary plane including the intersection line M is a fourth plane,
An intersection line between the third plane and the fourth plane is defined as an intersection line N,
An angle formed by the intersecting line M and the intersecting line N in the fourth plane is α (0 ° <α ≦ 90 °),
Assuming that the ninth predetermined angle is a1 ″, the tenth predetermined angle is b1 ″, the eleventh predetermined angle is a2 ″, and the twelfth predetermined angle is b2 ″, −180 ° + α < When b2 ″ <a2 ″ ≦ 0 ° ≦ a1 ″ <b1 ″ <α is satisfied,
The shielding ratio with respect to the light in the direction parallel to the fourth plane and the intersecting line M is a2 ″ or more and a1 ″ or less is the maximum shielding ratio,
The maximum shielding ratio is a shielding rate with respect to light in a direction parallel to the fourth plane and an angle formed with the intersecting line M greater than b2 ″ and smaller than a2 ″ or larger than a1 ″ and smaller than b1 ″. Less than the rate,
The light-shielding body according to claim 1.   Each of the said light-shielding parts is a light-shielding body of Claim 1 which has a planar shape parallel to the said 3rd plane.   The light-shielding body according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding portions are arranged without a gap when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the third plane. All of the light shielding portions have the same size and shape,
The light-shielding body according to claim 1, wherein the same shape is any one of a triangle, a square, and a hexagon. The predetermined three-dimensional array is:
A plurality of the light shielding portions are arranged in a three-dimensional basic array to form a first unit,
The first unit comprises a self-similar arrangement arranged in the basic arrangement to form a second unit;
The light-shielding body according to claim 1. A support member having translucency is provided,
The light shielding unit according to claim 1, wherein each of the light shielding units is supported by the support member.   The light shielding body according to claim 7, wherein the support member is a plate material.   The light shielding body according to claim 8, wherein the plate material is glass, plastic, or a composite member thereof. Each of the light shielding portions is supported on the surface of a plurality of plate members having the same size parallel to the third plane and parallel to the layer and having translucency,
The predetermined three-dimensional array is:
A plurality of the light shielding portions are arranged in a three-dimensional basic array to form a first unit,
A self-similar arrangement in which the first unit is arranged in the basic arrangement to form a second unit;
The light-shielding body according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding portions are arranged without a gap when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the third plane.