JP2010162442A - Platinum-group nanoparticle support material, method of producing the same, method for precipitating platinum-group nanoparticle, and catalyst material - Google Patents
Platinum-group nanoparticle support material, method of producing the same, method for precipitating platinum-group nanoparticle, and catalyst material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、白金族ナノ粒子担持材料とその製造方法および白金族ナノ粒子の析出方法並びに触媒材料に関するものである。本発明による白金族ナノ粒子触媒材料は、例えば、水素同位体分離に使われる。 The present invention relates to a platinum group nanoparticle carrying material, a method for producing the same, a method for depositing platinum group nanoparticles, and a catalyst material. The platinum group nanoparticle catalyst material according to the present invention is used, for example, for hydrogen isotope separation.
従来、白金族元素のナノ粒子を作製する方法として、気相凝縮法、機械的粉砕法、化学沈殿法、及びゾル−ゲル法等の多様なプロセスが開発されてきた。気相凝縮法は、１つ又はそれ以上の前駆体化合物を不活性ガス雰囲気内に気化させ、そこで前駆体化合物及び不活性ガス間の分子間相互作用により、過飽和気体内での運動エネルギーをナノ粒子の自然発生的な均一核生成が発生するポイントまで低下させる方法である。また、機械的粉砕法は、粉砕によりナノ粒子を製造する方法である。さらに、ナノ粒子を生成する他の従来の方法には、特許文献１に記載されているように、H3Pt(SO3)のH2O2のゾルから白金族ナノ粒子を調製するゾル−ゲル法がある。 Conventionally, various processes such as a vapor phase condensation method, a mechanical pulverization method, a chemical precipitation method, and a sol-gel method have been developed as methods for producing platinum group element nanoparticles. Vapor phase condensation involves the vaporization of one or more precursor compounds into an inert gas atmosphere where the kinetic energy in the supersaturated gas is nanometered by intermolecular interactions between the precursor compound and the inert gas. This is a method of reducing to the point where spontaneous homogeneous nucleation of particles occurs. The mechanical pulverization method is a method for producing nanoparticles by pulverization. In addition, other conventional methods for producing nanoparticles include a sol for preparing platinum group nanoparticles from a H 2 O 2 sol of H 3 Pt (SO 3 ), as described in US Pat. There is a gel method.
機械的粉砕法では、より大きな出発粒子を一連の機械的衝突によってナノ粒子に砕くため、粉砕プロセスによる汚染物質、すなわち容器及び／又は粉砕材料からの不純物質の混入があり、又得られたナノ粒子は、ミクロン範囲の大きさに凝集するという問題があった。 In the mechanical grinding method, the larger starting particles are broken into nanoparticles by a series of mechanical collisions, so there is contamination from the grinding process, i.e. impurities from the container and / or grinding material, and the resulting nano The particles had the problem of agglomerating to a size in the micron range.
ナノ粒子が原子同士又は分子同士が集合する化学沈殿法では、例えば、カルボニルなどの有機物と金属との化合物の分解・集合に基づくプロセスにおいて、ナノ粒子は通常、原子の付加によって成長する。このプロセスによれば、ナノ粒子を得るには化学的な反応を進行させるため、ナノ粒子の核から成長を行わせるシステムが必要となる。しかし、この化学反応を伴うプロセスの場合、ナノ粒子の成長速度を制御する必要があることから、極めて精密な反応系の制御を行うことが可能なシステムが必要となり、それによって製造プロセスが複雑になり、大規模製造システムの達成を阻んできた。また、ナノ粒子合成プロセスを実現させるには、複雑な制御系を含む装置及び計装を設計・作製するための資本が必要となり、その資本は作製したナノ粒子の回収量に相当する金額に比べて極めて高額なものになる可能性があった。この投資対回収量の問題は、気相凝縮法及びゾル−ゲル法においても共通のものである。したがって、必要なナノ粒子をより効率的に廉価に製造することができる方法が求められているのが実情である。 In the chemical precipitation method in which nanoparticles are assembled from atoms or molecules, for example, in a process based on decomposition and assembly of a compound of an organic substance such as carbonyl and a metal, the nanoparticles are usually grown by addition of atoms. According to this process, in order to obtain nanoparticles, a chemical reaction proceeds, so a system for growing from the core of the nanoparticles is required. However, in the case of processes involving this chemical reaction, it is necessary to control the growth rate of the nanoparticles, which requires a system that can control the reaction system with extremely high precision, which complicates the manufacturing process. This has hindered the achievement of large-scale manufacturing systems. In addition, in order to realize the nanoparticle synthesis process, capital for designing and manufacturing equipment and instrumentation including complex control systems is required, and this capital is compared to the amount corresponding to the recovered amount of the manufactured nanoparticles. Could be very expensive. This problem of return on investment is common to the vapor phase condensation method and the sol-gel method. Therefore, there is a demand for a method that can produce the necessary nanoparticles more efficiently and inexpensively.
本発明は、以上のとおりの事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、効率的に、かつ、廉価に製造可能な白金族ナノ粒子担持材料とその製造方法および白金族ナノ粒子の析出方法並びに触媒材料を提供することを課題としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and is capable of efficiently and inexpensively producing a platinum group nanoparticle carrying material, a method for producing the same, a method for depositing platinum group nanoparticles, and a catalyst material. It is an issue to provide.
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するために、以下のことを特徴としている。 The present invention is characterized by the following in order to solve the above problems.
第１に、本発明の白金族ナノ粒子担持材料は、好気性条件下で培養した鉄還元菌の微生物細胞表面に白金族元素のナノ粒子を担持した白金族ナノ粒子担持微生物が、無機質担体に担持されている。 First, the platinum group nanoparticle-supporting material of the present invention comprises a platinum group nanoparticle-supporting microorganism in which platinum group element nanoparticles are supported on the surface of iron-reducing microbial cells cultured under aerobic conditions. It is supported.
第２に、上記第１の発明において、鉄還元菌が、シェワネラ・ピュートリフェイシャンス（Shewanella putrefaciens）である。 Secondly, in the first invention, the iron-reducing bacterium is Shewanella putrefaciens.
第３に、上記第１または第２の発明による白金族ナノ粒子担持材料の製造方法であって、好気性条件下で培養した鉄還元菌の微生物細胞を、嫌気性条件下、電子供給源としての有機酸もしくは水素ガスを共存させた白金族イオン含有液に接触させて微生物細胞の表面に白金族ナノ粒子を析出させ、この白金族ナノ粒子を微生物細胞とともに無機質担体に担持させる。 Third, a method for producing a platinum group nanoparticle-supporting material according to the first or second invention, wherein microbial cells of iron-reducing bacteria cultured under aerobic conditions are used as an electron supply source under anaerobic conditions. A platinum group nanoparticle is deposited on the surface of a microbial cell by contacting with a platinum group ion-containing liquid in the presence of an organic acid or hydrogen gas, and the platinum group nanoparticle is supported on an inorganic carrier together with the microbial cell.
第４に、本発明の白金族ナノ粒子の析出方法は、好気性条件下で培養した鉄還元菌の微生物細胞を、嫌気性条件下、電子供給源としての糖類もしくは水素ガスを共存させた白金族イオン含有液に接触させることにより、鉄還元菌の作用で白金族イオンを還元して微生物細胞の表面に白金族元素のナノ粒子を析出させる。 Fourth, the method for depositing platinum group nanoparticles of the present invention is a platinum in which microbial cells of iron-reducing bacteria cultured under an aerobic condition coexist with a saccharide or hydrogen gas as an electron supply source under anaerobic condition. By contacting with a group ion-containing liquid, platinum group ions are reduced by the action of iron-reducing bacteria to deposit nanoparticles of platinum group elements on the surface of the microorganism cell.
第５に、上記第４の発明において、鉄還元菌が、シェワネラ・ピュートリフェイシャンス（Shewanella putrefaciens）である。 Fifth, in the fourth invention, the iron-reducing bacterium is Shewanella putrefaciens.
第６に、本発明の触媒材料は、上記第１または第２の発明の白金族ナノ粒子担持材料からなる。 6thly, the catalyst material of this invention consists of the platinum group nanoparticle support | carrier material of the said 1st or 2nd invention.
本発明によれば、硫酸還元菌などの密封かつ硫化水素除去装置などを必要とせずに、鉄還元菌を用いてこれを好気性条件下で大量培養することができるので、安価に白金族ナノ粒子担持材料を製造することができる。しかも、白金族ナノ粒子形成は鉄還元菌の還元作用を利用するものであるため、白金族ナノ粒子担持材料を容易に効率良く製造することができる。 According to the present invention, since platinum-reducing bacteria can be cultured in large quantities under aerobic conditions using iron-reducing bacteria without the need for a sealing and hydrogen sulfide removing device such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, A particle-supporting material can be produced. Moreover, since platinum group nanoparticle formation utilizes the reducing action of iron-reducing bacteria, platinum group nanoparticle-supporting materials can be easily and efficiently produced.
また本発明の白金族ナノ粒子担持材料は、触媒材料として優れた効果を発現し、特に、水素同位体の分離に有効である。 The platinum group nanoparticle carrying material of the present invention exhibits an excellent effect as a catalyst material, and is particularly effective for the separation of hydrogen isotopes.
本発明は前記のとおりの特徴をもつものであるが、以下に、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を説明する。 The present invention has the features as described above. The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below.
本発明の白金族ナノ粒子担持材料は、微生物細胞表面に担持された白金族元素のナノ粒子が、微粒子とともに無機質担体に担持されているものであり、以下の方法によって製造される。すなわち、好気性条件下で培養した鉄還元菌の微生物細胞を、嫌気性条件下、電子供給源としての有機酸もしくは水素ガスを共存させた白金族イオン含有液に接触させて微生物細胞の表面に白金族ナノ粒子を析出させ、この白金族ナノ粒子を微生物細胞とともに無機質担体に担持させる。 The platinum group nanoparticle-supporting material of the present invention is a material in which platinum group element nanoparticles supported on the surface of a microorganism cell are supported on an inorganic carrier together with fine particles, and is produced by the following method. That is, microbial cells of iron-reducing bacteria cultured under aerobic conditions are brought into contact with a platinum group ion-containing liquid coexisting with an organic acid or hydrogen gas as an electron source under anaerobic conditions, so that Platinum group nanoparticles are deposited, and the platinum group nanoparticles are supported on an inorganic carrier together with microbial cells.
本発明において、何よりも特徴的なことは、好気性条件下で培養可能な鉄還元菌を用いることである。鉄還元菌は、３価鉄イオンを２価以下のイオンに還元できる能力を有する菌と定義されものであり、各種の鉄還元菌が知られているが、そのなかでも本発明は好気性条件下で培養可能な鉄還元菌を対象にしている。具体例として、シェワネラ・ピュートリフェイシャンス（Shewanella putrefaciens）、シュワネラ・オネイデンティス（Shewanella oneidentis）等が挙げられる。本発明者はこのような鉄還元菌が白金族イオンの還元に有効であることを見出した。ジオバクター(Geobacter)菌やクロストリジア(Clostridia)菌も鉄還元菌であるが、好気性条件下で培養できないため、本発明において対象としている鉄還元菌の範囲外である。本発明では、ジオバクター(Geobacter)菌やクロストリジア(Clostridia)菌のように酸素を遮断して培養する嫌気培養装置を必要とせず、鉄還元菌を好気性条件下で大量に培養するため、白金族ナノ粒子担持材料の原料を安価に得ることができる。 In the present invention, the most characteristic feature is the use of iron-reducing bacteria that can be cultured under aerobic conditions. An iron-reducing bacterium is defined as a bacterium having the ability to reduce trivalent iron ions to divalent or lower ions, and various iron-reducing bacteria are known. Among them, the present invention is an aerobic condition. The target is iron-reducing bacteria that can be cultured underneath. Specific examples include Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella oneidentis. The present inventor has found that such iron-reducing bacteria are effective in reducing platinum group ions. Geobacter bacteria and Clostridia bacteria are also iron-reducing bacteria, but they cannot be cultured under aerobic conditions, and thus are outside the scope of the iron-reducing bacteria targeted in the present invention. The present invention does not require an anaerobic culture apparatus for blocking oxygen and culturing such as Geobacter bacteria and Clostridia bacteria, and iron-reducing bacteria are cultured in large quantities under aerobic conditions. The raw material for the nanoparticle carrying material can be obtained at low cost.
電子供給源としては、例えば、グルコース、ラクトースなどの糖類や水素ガスを挙げることができ、使用する鉄還元菌の種類に応じて適宜選択して使用することができる。例えば、鉄還元菌としてシェワネラ・ピュートリフェイシャンスを用いる場合には、電子供給源として糖類の他に乳酸や水素ガスを用いることが好ましい。 Examples of the electron supply source include saccharides such as glucose and lactose and hydrogen gas, and can be appropriately selected and used according to the type of iron-reducing bacteria to be used. For example, when using Shewanella putri faciens as an iron-reducing bacterium, it is preferable to use lactic acid or hydrogen gas in addition to saccharides as an electron supply source.
白金族イオン含有液は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金等の白金族元素の金属イオンが、例えば、0.1M〜1M程度のイオン濃度で溶解している溶液である。このような白金族イオン含有液は、例えば、塩化白金酸等の白金族元素の金属塩を溶解した水溶液として調製したものであってもよいし、放射性廃液等の白金族イオンを含む廃液であってもよい。 The platinum group ion-containing liquid is a solution in which metal ions of platinum group elements such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum are dissolved at an ion concentration of about 0.1M to 1M, for example. Such a platinum group ion-containing liquid may be prepared as an aqueous solution in which a metal salt of a platinum group element such as chloroplatinic acid is dissolved, or may be a waste liquid containing platinum group ions such as radioactive liquid waste. May be.
上記白金族イオン含有液に前記電子供給源を共存させ、嫌気性状態にして鉄還元菌の微生物を添加すると、鉄還元菌の作用によって白金族イオンが還元し、微生物細胞の表面に白金族元素のナノ粒子が析出する。このナノ粒子は、ナノメートルサイズの粒子であり、例えば、平均粒径が0.1nm以上50nm以下の粒子である。 When the electron source is coexisted in the platinum group ion-containing liquid and the microorganisms of iron-reducing bacteria are added in an anaerobic state, the platinum group ions are reduced by the action of the iron-reducing bacteria, and platinum group elements are formed on the surface of the microorganism cell. Of nanoparticles are deposited. These nanoparticles are nanometer-sized particles, for example, particles having an average particle size of 0.1 nm to 50 nm.
次いで、当該白金族ナノ粒子が表面に析出した微生物細胞を含む溶液に、珪藻土、シリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア、活性炭等の無機質担体を加え、これを遠心分離装置等で混合振とうする。これにより、当該白金族ナノ粒子が表面に析出した微生物細胞を、無機質担体に担持させた、本発明の白金族ナノ粒子担持材料を得ることができる。 Next, an inorganic carrier such as diatomaceous earth, silica, alumina, zirconia, activated carbon or the like is added to the solution containing microbial cells on which the platinum group nanoparticles are deposited, and this is mixed and shaken with a centrifugal separator or the like. Thereby, the platinum group nanoparticle carrying | support material of this invention which made the inorganic support carry | support the microbial cell which the said platinum group nanoparticle precipitated on the surface can be obtained.
得られた白金族ナノ粒子担持材料は、例えば、触媒材料として使用することができる。無機質担体として珪藻土を用いた白金族ナノ粒子担持材料は、有効間隙が大きく、カラム充填材として好適であり、水素同位体の分離に優れた触媒能を示す。 The obtained platinum group nanoparticle-supporting material can be used as, for example, a catalyst material. A platinum group nanoparticle-supporting material using diatomaceous earth as an inorganic carrier has a large effective gap, is suitable as a column packing material, and exhibits excellent catalytic ability for separation of hydrogen isotopes.
以上、実施形態に基づき本発明を説明したが、本発明は上記の実施形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において各種の変更が可能である。以下、本発明の実施例を具体的に説明する。 While the present invention has been described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below.
鉄還元菌の培養
鉄還元菌としてジオバクター(Geobacter)菌やクロストリジア(Clostridia)菌のように酸素を遮断して培養する嫌気培養装置を必要とする菌ではなく、シェワネラ・ピュートリフェイシャンスのような好気性条件下で培養可能な菌を用いた。ポリペプトン10 g/L、酵母エキス2 g/L、NaCl 5 g/L及びMgSO4・7H2O 5 g/Lを含む培地を好気性培地とし、これをオートクレーブで120℃、20分間滅菌した。好気性培地200 cm3を容量500 cm3の三角フラスコにいれ、オートクレーブで滅菌した。この好気性培地に、鉄還元菌と、滅菌処理した栄養培養液を5 cm3加え、30℃、100 rpmで振とう培養した。細胞の成育が休止期に達したところで、培養液を3000 rpmで10分間遠心分離し、微生物を回収した。回収した微生物を20 mmol/dm3 HEPESおよび100 mmol/dm3 NaClを含む溶液（以下、HEPES-NaCl溶液という）（pH7）にて3回洗浄し、同溶液に懸濁させることにより、微生物細胞懸濁液を調製した。
Cultivation of iron-reducing bacteria It is not a bacteria that requires an anaerobic culture device that blocks oxygen, such as Geobacter or Clostridia, but is like Shewanella pewtrifacence. Bacteria that can be cultured under aerobic conditions were used. A medium containing 10 g / L of polypeptone, 2 g / L of yeast extract, 5 g / L of NaCl, and 5 g / L of MgSO 4 .7H 2 O was used as an aerobic medium, which was sterilized in an autoclave at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes. Aerobic medium (200 cm 3) was placed in a 500 cm 3 Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized by autoclaving. To this aerobic medium, 5 cm 3 of an iron-reducing bacterium and a sterilized nutrient culture solution were added and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. and 100 rpm. When cell growth reached the resting phase, the culture solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect microorganisms. The recovered microorganism a solution containing 20 mmol / dm 3 HEPES and 100 mmol / dm 3 NaCl were washed 3 times with (hereinafter, referred to as HEPES-NaCl solution) (pH 7), by suspending the same solution, microbial cells A suspension was prepared.
白金酸の還元とナノ粒子形成
白金族イオンとして白金酸（H2PtCl6）を用いた。上記HEPES-NaCl溶液とは別に準備したHEPES-NaCl溶液に0.5 mmol/dm3 H2PtCl6(Wako pure chemical Industries, Ltd)を加え、pHを7.0に調整したものを嫌気性培地とした。この嫌気性培地を孔径0.1 μmのフィルターでろ過滅菌し、容量20 cm3の滅菌済みバイアル瓶に10 cm3ずつ加えた。次いで、上記微生物細胞懸濁液を0.2 cm3ずつ加え、バイアル瓶をブチル栓とアルミキャップで密封した。さらに、高純度N2ガスで10分間脱気した後、H2-N2混合ガス(H2:4.8 vol%)でバイアル瓶の気相部を置換し、30℃で恒温培養した。
Platinum acid reduction and nanoparticle formation Platinum acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) was used as a platinum group ion. An anaerobic culture medium was prepared by adding 0.5 mmol / dm 3 H 2 PtCl 6 (Wako pure chemical Industries, Ltd) to a HEPES-NaCl solution prepared separately from the HEPES-NaCl solution and adjusting the pH to 7.0. The anaerobic medium was sterilized by filtration through a filter having a pore size of 0.1 μm, and 10 cm 3 was added to each sterilized vial with a capacity of 20 cm 3 . Next, 0.2 cm 3 of the above microbial cell suspension was added, and the vial was sealed with a butyl stopper and an aluminum cap. Further, after deaeration with high-purity N 2 gas for 10 minutes, the gas phase part of the vial was replaced with a H 2 —N 2 mixed gas (H 2 : 4.8 vol%), and incubation was performed at 30 ° C. at constant temperature.
バイアル瓶内の嫌気性培地における溶存Pt濃度は微生物と接触後、速やかに減少し、24時間後までに0.202 mmol/dm3まで減少した。 The dissolved Pt concentration in the anaerobic medium in the vial decreased rapidly after contact with the microorganism and decreased to 0.202 mmol / dm 3 by 24 hours.
図１は、24時間恒温培養した後のバイアル瓶内の嫌気性培地の固相を乾燥させて電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察・撮影したものである。図１中の楕円形の物質が微生物細胞であり、粒子状の白い点が析出した白金ナノ粒子であり、楕円形の物質（微生物細胞）上に存在していることが分かる。図２は、電子線の照射により発生した特性Ｘ線スペクトルであり、図２のＡ、Ｂはそれぞれ、図１の地点Ａ（細胞部分）において測定した特性Ｘ線スペクトルと地点Ｂ（細胞以外の基盤部分）において測定した特性Ｘ線のスペクトルを示す。図２Ａでは、図２Ｂで検出されないNa,Cl及びPtのピークが得られた。このうち、NaとClは溶液の塩濃度を調整するために加えたNaCl起源である。白金イオン溶液を添加していない健全な微生物細胞のSEM写真（図３）では、粒子状の白い点は観察されず、また、特性Ｘ線スペクトルには白金のピークは検出されないことから、図２Ａで検出された白金ピークは白い点状物質として微生物細胞表面に析出した白金ナノ粒子であることは明白である。さらに詳細な、Ｘ線回折分析を行い、微生物細胞には白金元素(Pt(0))が含まれることを確認した。 FIG. 1 shows a solid phase of an anaerobic medium in a vial after 24 hours of constant temperature culture, and is observed and photographed with an electron microscope (SEM). It can be seen that the elliptical substance in FIG. 1 is a microbial cell, and is a platinum nanoparticle on which particulate white dots are deposited, and is present on the elliptical substance (microbial cell). FIG. 2 is a characteristic X-ray spectrum generated by electron beam irradiation. A and B in FIG. 2 are a characteristic X-ray spectrum measured at point A (cell portion) in FIG. The spectrum of the characteristic X-ray measured in the base part) is shown. In FIG. 2A, Na, Cl and Pt peaks not detected in FIG. 2B were obtained. Of these, Na and Cl originate from NaCl added to adjust the salt concentration of the solution. In the SEM photograph (FIG. 3) of healthy microbial cells to which no platinum ion solution was added, no particulate white spots were observed, and no platinum peak was detected in the characteristic X-ray spectrum. It is clear that the platinum peak detected in (1) is platinum nanoparticles deposited on the surface of the microbial cell as white punctate substances. Further detailed X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to confirm that the microbial cells contained platinum element (Pt (0)).
固定担持材料に付着させた微生物細胞−白金ナノ粒子触媒の作製
前記の方法で作製した、白金ナノ粒子が表面に析出した微生物細胞を含む溶液５０cm3に珪藻土1gを加え、遠心分離装置で1750rpmで３時間混合振とうした。次に、溶液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過し、固相を回収した。図４は、濾紙上から回収した物質をSEMで観察撮影した写真である。中央の円柱状のものが担持材料として用いた珪藻土である。また、細長い楕円状のものが白金ナノ粒子を付着させた微生物細胞である。この図４より、Pt(0)粒子が表面に析出した微生物細胞が珪藻土に担持されたことが確認された。
Preparation of microbial cell-platinum nanoparticle catalyst adhering to fixed support material 1 g of diatomaceous earth was added to 50 cm 3 of the solution containing microbial cells with platinum nanoparticles deposited on the surface, prepared by the above method, and centrifuged at 1750 rpm. The mixture was shaken for 3 hours. Next, the solution was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 μm to recover the solid phase. FIG. 4 is a photograph of the substance collected from the filter paper observed and photographed by SEM. The central cylindrical shape is diatomaceous earth used as a support material. A long and narrow oval shape is a microbial cell to which platinum nanoparticles are attached. From FIG. 4, it was confirmed that microbial cells having Pt (0) particles deposited on the surface were supported on diatomaceous earth.
固定担持材料に付着させた微生物細胞−白金ナノ粒子触媒による水素同位体の分離
前記の手法で作製した、固定担持材料に付着させた微生物細胞−白金ナノ粒子触媒（以下、触媒とする）をステンレス鋼製触媒カラムに充填した。また、実験装置内の圧力を103 Paに保った。供給したガスは、水素（H2）と重水素（D2）の混合ガスで、その割合（モル比）は、H2：D2= 2：1であった。このH2-D2混合ガスを流量0.1 cm3/min (線速度：3.8×10-2cm3/min)で供給し、触媒カラムを通過させた。触媒カラムから流出したガスの組成分析には、四重極型質量分析器(ANELVA、 M-400QA-M)を用いた。分析では、四重極型質量分析器内の圧力を10-4 Paに保ちながら流出ガスを該四重極型質量分析器へ導入した。そして、触媒カラムを通過した後の流出ガス中の水素・重水素と重水素・重水素の比（HD/D2存在比）を四重極型質量分析器で測定した。触媒作用が発現されれば、水素・重水素からなる水素ガス分子が検出される。なお、平衡を仮定すれば、その比は3.5となる。
Separation of hydrogen isotope by microbial cell-platinum nanoparticle catalyst attached to fixed carrier material Microbial cell-platinum nanoparticle catalyst (hereinafter referred to as catalyst) attached to fixed carrier material prepared by the above method is stainless steel. A steel catalyst column was packed. The pressure in the experimental apparatus was maintained at 10 3 Pa. The supplied gas was a mixed gas of hydrogen (H 2 ) and deuterium (D 2 ), and the ratio (molar ratio) was H 2 : D 2 = 2: 1. This H 2 -D 2 mixed gas was supplied at a flow rate of 0.1 cm 3 / min (linear velocity: 3.8 × 10 −2 cm 3 / min) and passed through the catalyst column. A quadrupole mass spectrometer (ANELVA, M-400QA-M) was used for the composition analysis of the gas flowing out from the catalyst column. In the analysis, the outflow gas was introduced into the quadrupole mass spectrometer while maintaining the pressure in the quadrupole mass spectrometer at 10 −4 Pa. The measured ratio of hydrogen-deuterium and deuterium-deuterium in the effluent gas after passing through the catalyst column (HD / D 2 abundance) quadrupole mass analyzer. If the catalytic action is manifested, hydrogen gas molecules consisting of hydrogen and deuterium are detected. If equilibrium is assumed, the ratio is 3.5.
図５は、前記手法によりH2-D2混合ガスを触媒カラム中に流して得られた流出ガス中の水素分子を、四重極型質量分析器で分析して得られたHD/D2存在比の経時変化である。混合ガスのHD/D2存在比は0.01程度であるが、触媒カラムを通過することにより、その割合が時間の経過とともに増加し、６５分後にはHD/D2存在比が0.62になった。一方、白金酸イオンを含む溶液と接触していない、すなわち、白金ナノ粒子が付着していない微生物細胞を珪藻土に担持した試料を用いた触媒カラムにより同様の実験を行った結果、HD/D2存在比は0.01でほぼ一定であった。この結果は、前記手法で作製した触媒により、重水素・重水素分子及び水素・水素分子が白金ナノ粒子の触媒作用により水素・重水素分子となったことを示す。また、微生物細胞を加えないで作製した白金粒子を用いて同様の実験を行ったところ、微生物細胞に付着させた白金とほぼ同じ量の白金粒子を用いたにも関わらず、６５分後にはHD/D2存在比が0.10にまでしかならなかった。したがって、本発明により作製した固定担持材料に付着させた微生物細胞−白金ナノ粒子は、優れた触媒材料として使用することができると言える。 FIG. 5 shows the HD / D 2 obtained by analyzing hydrogen molecules in the effluent gas obtained by flowing the H 2 -D 2 mixed gas through the catalyst column by the above-described method using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. It is a change in abundance with time. The HD / D 2 abundance ratio of the mixed gas was about 0.01, but the ratio increased with time by passing through the catalyst column, and after 65 minutes, the HD / D 2 abundance ratio became 0.62. On the other hand, as a result of conducting a similar experiment with a catalyst column using a sample in which microbial cells that are not in contact with a solution containing platinum acid ions, that is, platinum nanoparticles are not attached, are supported on diatomaceous earth, HD / D 2 The abundance ratio was almost constant at 0.01. This result shows that deuterium / deuterium molecules and hydrogen / hydrogen molecules were converted into hydrogen / deuterium molecules by the catalytic action of platinum nanoparticles by the catalyst prepared by the above-described method. In addition, when a similar experiment was performed using platinum particles produced without adding microbial cells, HD particles were used after 65 minutes, despite the use of platinum particles of the same amount as platinum adhered to microbial cells. The / D 2 abundance ratio only reached 0.10. Therefore, it can be said that the microbial cell-platinum nanoparticles adhered to the fixed support material prepared according to the present invention can be used as an excellent catalyst material.
本発明により開示した方法に対して、鉄還元菌及び同等の能力を有する菌又はそれを含む微生物群を利用するなど、前記の方法に修正を加えることにより同様の白金族ナノ粒子触媒ができることは当業者には明白である。様々な開示した方法を他の開示した方法又はその変更方法のいずれかの方法と組合せて使用することにより、本明細書に示していないが本発明を組込んで意図した用途または性能要件により、密接に適合できるようにした付加的な作製方法を作り出せることも、当業者には明らかである。したがって、本発明の技術思想の範囲内に属する全てのそのような変更手法、修正手法及び変形手法は、本特許請求範囲の技術思想に包含される。 For the method disclosed by the present invention, it is possible to obtain a similar platinum group nanoparticle catalyst by modifying the above method such as using iron-reducing bacteria and bacteria having equivalent ability or a group of microorganisms containing the same. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art. By using the various disclosed methods in combination with any of the other disclosed methods or variations thereof, depending on the intended use or performance requirements not incorporated herein but incorporating the present invention, It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that additional fabrication methods that can be closely matched can be created. Accordingly, all such alteration methods, correction methods, and deformation methods that fall within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are included in the technical idea of the claims.
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| JP2011113788A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-09 | Osaka Prefecture Univ | Electrode catalyst and fuel cell employing the same |
| WO2012161216A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Complex and uses thereof |
| WO2014112637A1 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Method for metal concentration, method for metal recovery, device for metal concentration, and device for metal recovery |
| WO2015049959A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | Method for producing composite noble metal nanoparticles, composite noble metal nanoparticles produced using same, and catalyst containing same |
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| JP2011113788A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-09 | Osaka Prefecture Univ | Electrode catalyst and fuel cell employing the same |
| WO2012161216A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Complex and uses thereof |
| WO2014112637A1 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Method for metal concentration, method for metal recovery, device for metal concentration, and device for metal recovery |
| EP3162905A1 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2017-05-03 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd. | Method for metal concentration, method for metal recovery, device for metal concentration, and device for metal recovery |
| WO2015049959A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | Method for producing composite noble metal nanoparticles, composite noble metal nanoparticles produced using same, and catalyst containing same |
| JPWO2015049959A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-03-09 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | Method for producing alloy nanoparticles, alloy nanoparticles produced using the same, and catalyst comprising the same |
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