JP2010162044A - Artificially rearing water - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide artificially rearing water suitable for rearing both freshwater fishes and seawater fishes, instead of natural seawater. <P>SOLUTION: This artificially rearing water used for seawater organisms and freshwater organisms is characterized by adding sodium, calcium, and potassium to rearing water to give a specific gravity of ≥1.004 and equal to or less than that of natural seawater, a potassium/calcium existence ratio of 0.93 to the existence ratio in the natural seawater, and a sodium/(calcium+potassium) existence ratio of 55 to the existence ratio in the natural seawater. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  This invention relates to breeding water used when cultivating and breeding saltwater fish and freshwater fish in a closed environment, and more specifically, used when breeding saltwater fish and freshwater fish in aquaculture tanks such as aquariums inland. It is related with the artificial breeding water suitable for.

Fish farming has been practiced for a long time, but traditionally farmed is a seawater fish that inhabits the sea, and builds a ginger that becomes a closed environment using seawater as it is around the bay. In the case of river fish, if it was a river fish, it was still cultivated by building a closed environment by blocking the river.
In addition, fish that inhabit the sea were sometimes bred on land, but seawater is considered essential for breeding saltwater fish, and a large amount of seawater is required for breeding inland, so inexpensive breeding is not possible. I was in
On the other hand, the demand for saltwater fish was not limited to food use, but there were also tropical fish for ornamental use. However, tropical fish are relatively small, so they are relatively easy to breed on land compared to edible hamachi, but they still require seawater, which is expensive. Furthermore, the salt contained in a large amount in seawater adheres around the aquarium and its ancillary equipment and deteriorates its appearance, so that it is difficult to treat it for ornamental use.

Therefore, artificial seawater has been developed as an artificial water to replace seawater in recent years, and artificial seawater is generated from fresh water such as tap water without being transported from the sea and used for rearing in aquariums. Became.
In this artificial seawater, in order to approximate the state of natural seawater, generally, the same amount of salt as that contained in natural seawater has been contained.
That is, in natural seawater, the most common sodium chloride is about 23 to 28 (g) in seawater 1 (kg) having a specific gravity of 1.02 to 1.03. Other salts in natural seawater include magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium bromide, etc. Usually, it is around 35 (g) in 1 kg of seawater, that is, 35 (‰) in weight ratio. Therefore, in principle, artificial seawater was prepared in accordance with the composition of such natural seawater.
In addition, in the fertilization of artificial marine organisms using conventional artificial seawater, abnormal eggs over time appear frequently, and for example, in sea urchin eggs that react sensitively to artificial seawater other than natural seawater, Because it reacts sensitively to a small amount of physiologically harmful components, normal fertilization / occurrence rate is difficult to obtain, the rate of reaching Pluteus larvae within a predetermined time is low, and natural seawater performed under the same conditions Compared to natural seawater, it had problems unique to artificial seawater, such as a delay in the development stage compared to the previous experiment.

In view of the above problems, for example, there is “artificial seawater” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-37988). In this “artificial seawater” (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1),
[(Claim 1) Artificial seawater obtained by adding 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of potassium iodide into artificial seawater containing various salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, which are the main components of natural seawater. Seawater.
(Claim 2) In the artificial seawater according to claim 1, 0.08 to 0.09% by weight of sodium tetraborate, 0.07 to 0.08% by weight of boric acid, and 0.07 to 0.08% of potassium bromide. Artificial seawater characterized by adding 08% by weight. In order to make it a component close to seawater, various salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, that is, a considerable number of salts are contained in artificial seawater, and sodium tetraborate 0.08 to 0.09 Artificial seawater was constituted by adding the respective substances of wt%, boric acid 0.07 to 0.08 wt% and potassium bromide 0.07 to 0.08 wt%.

And, in the artificial seawater represented in Patent Document 1, in the column of means for solving the problem, “the blending ratio of these salts is preferable so as to approximate the composition of natural seawater, but the composition of natural seawater itself is the place, Since it fluctuates depending on the water depth, season, weather, etc., it cannot be specified unconditionally, but the following values can be used as a guide.
NaCl 68.0-85.0 (parts by weight)
MgCl2 9.8 to 12.1 〃 MgSO4 4.2 to 6.6 〃 CaSO4 3.2 to 4.4 〃 K2 SO4 2.2 to 2.7 〃 CaCO3 0.3 to 0.4 〃 MgBr2 0.1 In addition, KCl, NaSO4, etc., CaCO3, NaCO3, NaHCO3, etc. may be used in place of K2 SO4 having the above-mentioned salt composition. Even if salts are added, the effect of the present invention is not inhibited. ”And the proportion of salt in the range close to natural seawater is defined as artificial seawater. Further, in the examples, sodium chloride is dissolved in artificial seawater so as to be about 23 to 28% by weight to obtain artificial seawater containing salts similar to natural seawater. Furthermore, after making artificial seawater containing various salts similar to ordinary natural seawater, 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of potassium iodide is further added, and fertilization and generation of sea urchins are within the above range. The process has a remarkable effect of achieving the intended purpose.

Therefore, as described in Patent Document 1, the conventional artificial seawater has obtained artificial seawater that provides a good breeding environment by bringing the kind of salts contained and the proportion of the salts close to those of natural seawater.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-37988

  However, when constructing a large-scale intermediate breeding ground that is, for example, 100 (t) or more in the inland area as in the past, securing seawater or manufacturing artificial seawater is an absolute condition. The cost of transporting natural seawater or the cost of producing artificial seawater has become enormous and the production cost has become expensive. As a result, the price of fish cultivated inland has become expensive.

Then, the inventor came up with the idea that natural seawater could be diluted and used as a result of repeated thoughts to solve the above problems.
However, even if natural seawater is diluted and used, there are inevitable problems with water costs, transportation costs, installation of dilution tanks and prevention of epidemics. Therefore, if we add more thought and add active salts to tap water, river water, or groundwater that can be easily secured even inland, and realize low specific gravity, we think that low-cost breeding water can be obtained. It came to.
Therefore, in seawater, there are about 60 types of compositions except for radioisotopes, and those related to the osmotic pressure of fish are determined, and it is thought that it is best to add the minimum necessary components, and various experiments were repeated. .

  In view of the above problems, the present invention, as artificial seawater, adds fewer types of salts than those contained in natural seawater to tap water, river water or groundwater, and the content of the salts in artificial seawater. It is an object of the present invention to provide artificial seawater that can be produced at a low cost by sufficiently reducing the types and amounts of salts used per unit artificial seawater.

  Therefore, the artificial breeding water provided by the present invention obtained from various experiments conducted by the inventor uses only a very small number of salts, and the concentration of these salts in the artificial breeding water is minimized.

Breeding water used for artificial breeding of marine and freshwater organisms,
Sodium, calcium, and potassium are added to the breeding water so that the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. The abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is 0.93 to the abundance ratio in natural seawater, and sodium to calcium and potassium. Artificial breeding water, wherein the abundance ratio is 55 to natural abundance in natural seawater,

  as well as,

Breeding water used for artificial breeding of marine and freshwater organisms,
Calcium and potassium are contained in the breeding water at a rate of not less than 0.1002 (g / l) and potassium not less than 0.09419 (g / l) and a specific gravity of not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. Artificial breeding water characterized by containing sodium in addition to

I will provide a. This artificial breeding water was obtained as a result of work to identify the minimum necessary salt from various salts present in seawater in order to produce artificial breeding water inexpensively and easily. is there. That is, as a result of an experiment to combine the various salts in seawater, reduce the specific gravity of the breeding water, and specify the minimum specific gravity and minimum constituent salts of artificial breeding water that allows the breeding fish to grow well, The minimum elements required for addition are sodium, calcium, and potassium. The abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is about 0.93, which is the best value for raising fish. Even if the specific gravity is reduced to 1.004 ( It came to know that even if the salinity was reduced, it did not affect fish breeding.

When this value is expressed by the content ratio of each element in the artificial breeding water, the abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is 0.93, and the minimum content is 0.1002 (g / l) for calcium and potassium, respectively. 09419 (g / l). And when only calcium and potassium are added at 0.1002 (g / l) and 0.09419 (g / l) respectively, the specific gravity is less than 1.004. Is about 55 times that of calcium and potassium, that is, 10.69145 (g / l). Based on these findings, it was found that the content of artificial breeding water of calcium and potassium was changed to the same level as natural seawater, so that it did not affect the breeding of fish in artificial breeding water. Furthermore, as a result of adding sodium to artificial breeding water and changing it to the concentration of natural seawater, it has been found that it does not affect fish breeding.
Furthermore, in the present invention, as artificial breeding water added with a large amount of magnesium contained in natural seawater and brought close to the components of natural seawater,

  Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is added to 1.6897 (g / l) to abundance of natural seawater, and artificial breeding water having a specific gravity of 1.004 or more and natural seawater or less,

I will provide a. In this artificial seawater, the abundance ratio in natural seawater is larger than potassium and calcium, and magnesium, which is less related to the osmotic pressure of fish, is added so as to be equivalent to the abundance ratio of components in natural seawater. It can be brought close to the natural seawater environment, and artificial breeding water is a suitable environmental water for fish.
Similarly, the inventor adjusted the abundance ratio of each component and experimented by producing environmental water suitable for various fish species, and as a result, depending on the fish species, the specific gravity was particularly light in the trough, Because it came to know that even if the content of ingredients is small, it does not affect the breeding,

  In the artificial breeding water, the content of each component is 0.25 to 1 times the breeding water and suitable for breeding pufferfish having the same ratio of each component.

It came to provide artificial breeding water.

As described above, by adjusting each element of calcium, potassium, and sodium in the artificial breeding water, it is possible to breed with good quality just by adding a very small amount of salts compared to natural seawater. In other words, in the conventional artificial seawater, a large amount of sodium chloride of 20 (g / l) or more was added in order to approximate natural seawater, which is 7.087 (g / l), about 1/3. Therefore, it has an effect peculiar to the present invention that artificial breeding water can be provided at low cost.
In addition, when used in breeding marine tropical fish, which is an ornamental fish, natural seawater or artificial seawater with a high concentration of salt can reduce the amount of solid salts adhering in large quantities around the filtration device, etc. This has the effect of reducing the rust caused by the solidified salt, and has the effect unique to the present invention in that the appearance around the water tank is not impaired.

  Moreover, there was no occurrence of fish disease in all the reared fish in the experiment reared with the artificial rearing water according to the present invention. For this reason, in artificial breeding water, the pH and the concentration of each salt are between seawater and fresh water, and there is no addition of unnecessary salts, etc., so there is no need for protozoa such as bacterial, viral, and ciliates. Causes of common fish pathological diseases classified as parasitic arthropods, as well as protozoa that are the source of fish pathogenic diseases that are broadly classified into seawater and freshwater, with some exceptions such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus Artificial breeding water with high resistance to the invasion of foreign enemies that cause these fish disease, which can be assumed to be unknown water quality that is neither natural seawater nor fresh water that has never been experienced for animals and pathogens It is possible to obtain Thus, when breeding, it is not necessary to give antibiotics to the breeding water, so that the cost can be further reduced, and it is possible to provide a safe edible cultured fish.

  Furthermore, as described in the examples, the growth status of the domestic fish was compared between the natural seawater and the artificial breeding water according to the present application for about one month. The artificial breeding water according to the present application has an increase in weight of 119.07 (%), and as shown in FIG. Has an effect.

  Furthermore, ammonia is generated when rearing a domestic fish, and as shown in FIG. 3, this ammonia contains dissociated ammonium ions (NH4 +) and toxic ammonia (NH3) that do not affect fish. It is in equilibrium. And since the parallel constant of ammonia is likely to change to toxic non-dissociated ammonia when the temperature is high, high salt, and high pH, in artificial breeding water having a lower pH than natural seawater, the generation of toxic ammonia can be suppressed. Compared to breeding with natural seawater, breeding is possible only by installing a small filtration device, and the present invention has an effect specific to the present application that equipment costs can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the inland areas where seawater cannot be secured, in order to build a consistent production system from seed production to intermediate breeding, fertilized eggs of trough pufferfish, a natural new fish, are used for breeding with artificial breeding water and natural seawater. As a result of examining the hatching rate in breeding, the hatching rate was 30 (%) in natural seawater, whereas the hatching rate was 60 (%) in artificial breeding water mixed with 10 (%) natural seawater. It is possible to secure the rate, and it has an effect peculiar to the present application that makes it possible to establish an efficient and consistent seed production system from hatching to breeding.

  Furthermore, marine Nannochloropsis, which is indispensable for cultivating the rotifer, widely used as the initial feed for hatchling larvae, is a general culture method for fertilizing 100% natural seawater. However, the culture density greatly changes depending on conditions such as location, time, seawater quality, etc., so stable culture management requires skill, and accordingly, rotifer culture also requires skill, According to this invention, the specific gravity is lower than that of natural seawater and the conditions are suitable for the growth of rotifers, and rotifers can be efficiently cultured.

  Therefore, when cultivating seawater fish on land using a large-scale water tank (livestock tank) or the like, it is possible to perform well from the breeding of hatchling larva to the shipment of growing fish on the land by artificial breeding water according to the present invention. There is an effect specific to the present application.

In river water, groundwater or tap water, sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l), calcium chloride dihydrate 0.3641 (g / l), potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l) ), And make artificial breeding water by dissolving. At this time, the artificial breeding water has a specific gravity of about 1.004.
In particular, artificial breeding water for breeding trough puffer can be carried out even if the concentration of the salt is further reduced. 1.781 (g / l) of sodium chloride to be dissolved and 0.092 (g of calcium chloride dihydrate) / L) and potassium chloride as 0.045 (g / l).

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1A and 1B are schematic views of a water tank and a filtration device used for an observation experiment. FIG. 1A is a side explanatory view, FIG. 1B is a plane explanatory view, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view comparing growth rates. These are explanatory drawings showing the equilibrium state of ammonia.

When it is assumed that a large-scale intermediate breeding ground that is 100 (t) or more in the inland area away from the sea is to be bred efficiently, it is generally necessary to secure abundant seawater. It is an absolute requirement and is considered a lifeline for fish breeding. However, securing abundant seawater requires a lot of cost to transport seawater, so artificial seawater must be considered.
However, artificial seawater has been thought to provide a good environment for breeding by bringing it close to natural seawater as much as possible, so several salts equivalent to natural seawater are dissolved to the same concentration as natural seawater. As a result, the costs associated with artificial seawater were enormous.
Therefore, the inventor has come up with an attempt to breed (cultivate) edible seawater fish such as red sea bream and yellowtail in an environment of low salt and low concentration different from natural seawater, instead of bringing artificial seawater close to natural seawater.
Therefore, the inventor considered that it was best to calculate the composition related to the osmotic pressure of fish from the salts of about 60 kinds of natural seawater except for radioisotopes and add the minimum necessary components.
In addition, in each experiment shown below, as shown in FIG. 1, it experimented using the filtration filter which consists of a sealed filtration tank in a water tank of about 100 (l). Then, ceramic was added to the filtration filter to adjust the pH of the breeding water over a long period of adjustment. In addition, although the foam separation apparatus 4 is described in FIG. 1, the foam separation apparatus 4 is used for removing floating substances such as fish droppings and surplus food in the breeding water in order to use the breeding water for a long time. It is not used in short-term experiments. Also, although the breeding water cooling device 5 is also described, this is installed in order to keep the breeding water temperature constant according to the experimental environment because the temperature of the breeding water rises too much in the water tank installed outdoors in summer. Is.

Prior to this, an experiment was conducted to determine how much specific gravity can be tolerated in diluted natural seawater obtained by diluting natural seawater with fresh water. Prior to this experiment, a training period of about one month was set up in consideration of stress on the clown fish. As a result, the clownfish was found to have a limit of about 8.8 (‰), that is, a specific gravity of 1.006 (pH 7.0), and drowned at a specific gravity of 1.005 or less in a diluted natural seawater environment.
Subsequent to this, Matai (5 animals 5cm in length) was released into diluted natural seawater of about 8.8 (‰) (specific gravity 1.006) without habituation. After a minute, it began to swim normally, and after a few hours, it recovered by feeding.
And, as a result of breeding observation of the red sea bream for 3 months in this environment, the red sea bream was not drowned and was able to be bred smoothly with an increase in weight of about 5%.
From this result, it was found that the animal can be bred with diluted natural seawater without complicated training. In addition, clownfish and red sea bream were only selected randomly from among ornamental fish and farmed fish, so it was expected that other seawater fish would have the same result.

These experiments with diluted natural seawater have revealed that breeding will be possible at least with a specific gravity of 1.006. The inventors then identified the elements necessary for artificial breeding water (preferred environmental water) and their abundance. An experiment to identify was attempted.
Therefore, the inventor came up with the idea of comparing the body fluids of mammals and fish with the components of natural seawater when determining the essential components. In order to further reduce the types of salts to be added, an experiment was conducted to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundances from the six elements.
It is known that body fluids of mammals and fish are mainly composed of sodium chloride, potassium and phosphoric acid. In addition, these components are also present in the composition of diluted natural seawater, and the main components are sodium (2.625 (g / l)), chlorine (4.750 (g / l)), potassium (0. 0998 (g / l)), calcium (0.103 (g / l)), magnesium (0.320 (g / l)), sulfate (0.674 (g / l)). . The inventor has come up with the idea of preparing artificial breeding water from these components by adjusting the components related to the osmotic pressure of the fish so that the fish can survive.

Therefore, in preparing artificial breeding water (preferred environmental water), sodium was 2.625 (g / l), chlorine was 4.750 (g / l), potassium was 0.0998 (g / l), calcium Of sodium chloride (industrial salt) and magnesium chloride (industrial industry) so that 0.103 (g / l) of magnesium, 0.320 (g / l) of magnesium, and 0.674 (g / l) of sulfate are contained. Salt), calcium chloride (primary reagent), magnesium sulfate (industrial salt), and potassium chloride (primary reagent) are added to river water and adjusted with 6 elements and 5 reagents containing chlorine. (Cm) red sea bream 5 (tail) was released and a breeding experiment was conducted for about 50 days.
In addition, it was thought that phosphoric acid was replenished from the metabolism of fish by feeding, and it was not added.
As a result, the red sea bream was not drowned and no abnormalities were observed, and it was possible to rear it well.

In order to reduce the components to be added after the experiment, an experiment was conducted to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundance from the six elements. That is, the addition of magmagnesium chloride overlapping as magnesium ions in the above 6 elements was stopped, and breeding water was prepared by adding 5 elements with 4 reagents. ) Was released and tried to breed for 3 weeks. As a result, it grew smoothly without dying, had good body color, and was kept in a good environment. The specific gravity of the artificial breeding water not added with magnesium chloride is 1.006.
In addition, it was thought that phosphoric acid was replenished from the metabolism of fish by feeding, and it was not added.
And, as a result of carrying out rearing by releasing a red sea bream 5 (tail) with a body length of 10 (cm) in the artificial breeding water, there was no problem such as drowning for about 3 weeks, and the body color was good and it grew smoothly. It was confirmed that it was a safe breeding environment.

The inventor tried an experiment to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundance from the breeding water using the six elements and four reagents in order to further reduce the types of salts. And as a result of adding various components at the abundance ratio of these components in diluted natural seawater and repeating experiments,
Sodium chloride 7.0588 (g / l)
Calcium chloride dihydrate 0.3641 (g / l)
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
Breeding was attempted by adding only. At this time, the pH of the breeding water was 6.45, and the specific gravity was 1.004.
As a result, the 3 (tail) red sea bream with a body length of 12 (cm) was good in prey, but the scalp was deficient from about 2 weeks and drowned in 3 weeks.

Next, the inventor wondered whether other components could be reduced because it was an environment that could not be raised with artificial breeding water not containing magnesium. Therefore, the inventor paid attention to the fact that mainly potassium chloride and phosphoric acid are present in the cell fluid of marine fish, and only a small amount of sodium chloride is present. In other words, in marine fish, potassium ions, which are essential for fish, are selectively taken from seawater, and at the same time, sodium ions that are thought to be harmful by the action of the intracellular sodium pump are excreted from the salmon valve salt cells and kidneys. The water concentration is adjusted by suppressing the increase in salt concentration.
Then, since sodium chloride will be discharged | emitted from a body, it tried to breed breeding water without adding sodium chloride beforehand and breeding saltwater fish. According to this, it was predicted that artificial breeding water could be developed without the need for sodium chloride having the largest amount of the six elements and four reagents in the breeding water (the cost for creating artificial breeding water increased).
That is, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate were not added at all, and calcium chloride dihydrate 0.3641 (g / l) and potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l) were added to prepare artificial breeding water. 12 (cm) red sea bream 3 (tail) was reared.
As a result, he immediately lost his sense of balance and became supine.

From these results, it was considered that the component added to the artificial breeding water could not be reduced more than the above 6 element 4 reagent.
Sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l)
0.3641 (g / l) of calcium chloride dihydrate
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
Breeding with added artificial breeding water (hereinafter referred to as artificial breeding water with 3 reagents) is good at first, deteriorated after 2 weeks, and drowned in 3 weeks. Sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate were added at all. Paying attention to the fact that it was different from the result of dying immediately after breeding with no artificial breeding water, we examined in detail the artificial breeding water with three reagents after breeding for 3 weeks. The pH, which was 45, was reduced to 4.8 when red sea bream died 3 weeks later.
In response to this, the pH at which red sea bream can survive was tested and found to be about pH 5.0 to pH 8.4, and the experiment using artificial breeding water with the above three reagents was performed again. At that time, in addition to the rod-shaped ceramics used in the filtration device used, natural red coral sand was added to make the filtration device, and the calcium carbonate, the main component of the coral, gradually melted into the artificial breeding water to adjust the pH. The breeding experiment was performed in a possible state (a state in which it functions as a pH adjusting agent). The subject housed red sea bream 2 (tail) having a body length of 15 (cm) and flounder 10 (tail) having a body length of 10 (cm) in separate water tanks.
As a result, both red sea bream and Japanese flounder can be bred smoothly for 2 months or longer without the occurrence of drowning, etc. The body length of red sea bream is 25 (cm) and that of flounder is 15 (cm) in about 2 months. Growth was seen.

As a result of the above experiment,
Sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l)
0.3641 (g / l) of calcium chloride dihydrate
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
It was determined that seawater fish can be bred well in artificial breeding water with a specific gravity of 1.004, so that the breeding aquarium has a large size of 1000 (l) and the filtration device is normally used as a gravity drop type. Constructed by adding rod-shaped ceramics 25 (l) and the coral sand 5 (l) to the filter, and adding ozone while filtering artificial breeding water by adding a foam separation device to conduct breeding experiments over a long period of time. I tried long-term breeding.

As a result, it was found that good breeding without problems such as drowning was performed and grew smoothly, so that breeding over a long period of time was possible. Therefore, as a result of trying to breed other artificial fish in artificial breeding water with 3 reagents,
In the case of saltwater fish, there are red sea bream, sea bream, sea bream, flatfish, tiger pufferfish, sea lionfish, clownfish, five species of butterflyfish, four species of damselfish, scorpionfish, kingfisherfish, luryacco, horsetailed bonnet, kudagonbe, mahaze,
In armor, it is a crab,
Among freshwater fish, carp, goldfish (runchu, baby red), neon tetra, black tetra, early cyclit, and sujishimadojo.
In this way, it has been found that artificial breeding water using three reagents can breed fish of any environment, from freshwater fish to saltwater fish, and that it is safe to breed freshwater fish and saltwater fish in the same tank. It was done.
In particular, regarding trough puffers, sodium chloride is 1.781 (g / l), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.426 (g / l), calcium chloride dihydrate is 0.092 (g / l), chloride It has been confirmed from experiments that it is possible to breed even with low concentration artificial breeding water of 3.5 (‰) (specific gravity 1.002) to which 0.045 (g / l) of potassium has been added. Furthermore, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Experiments have also shown that breeding is possible without the addition of salt.

In addition, the following effects were observed in breeding with artificial breeding water using three reagents.
That is,
1.3 In the case of breeding with artificial breeding water using reagents (including further diluted breeding water for breeding trough puffer fish), there is no outbreak of fish disease in all fish.
In general, the causes of fish diseases are classified into protozoa such as bacterial, viral and ciliate and parasitic arthropods. Furthermore, with some exceptions such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it is roughly divided into seawater and freshwater.
Therefore, the number of general bacteria (standard plate number) in the artificial rearing water of the red sea bream storage tank was measured, but no bacteria were detected.
In addition, in the summer, when a golden white hare infected with a monopod Benedenia, which is a problem in sea farming, is housed and raised in artificial breeding water using the three reagents, Benedenia parasitizing from the body surface is instantaneously Peeled off and healed completely. This is presumed to be a damage to the parasite due to a sudden change in osmotic pressure.
In addition, when clownfish infected with oodinium disease (Trichodina) were housed in artificial breeding water using the three reagents and observed, the course was completely cured. This phenomenon is presumed to be a damage to these ciliates due to a rapid change in osmotic pressure, similar to the monopod Benedenosis.
Furthermore, trough pufferfish 10 (tail), which has a large caudal defect and exposed dermis, was housed in artificial breeding water with 3 reagents as described above and raised for 2 months, but continued to survive without vibrio infection. It was. This result indicates that traumatic Vibrio infection does not develop. Then, in contrast to this, the traumatic pufferfish where the caudal portion was greatly lost and the dermis was exposed was observed by the open-type rearing method in which the open sea water was directly replenished. Infection was inevitable.

  As described above, it has been found that the artificial breeding water using the three reagents has no disease caused by parasites and fungi. And, from these results, artificial breeding water is water that is not contained in seawater or fresh water, and is a component and pH water that does not generally exist in nature, so these protozoa, water quality that pathogens themselves have not experienced, protozoa, It can be inferred that the pathogen is killed or unable to act.

2. It was found that the growth rate was better than that of natural seawater.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, in the 100 (1) aquarium, the red sea bream 5 (tail) having a body length of 5 (cm) is placed in a natural seawater environment, and the red sea bream 5 (tail) having a body length of 6 (cm) is artificially raised. The animals were reared in the environment, and the growth of red sea bream was followed up. The total weight was measured and compared every week.
As a result, the red sea bream in the natural seawater environment had a weight increase rate of 81.46 (%) after 4 weeks, while the red sea bream in the artificial breeding water environment had a weight increase rate of 119.07 (%). there were.
Compared to the fact that 30% of energy metabolism is consumed for osmotic pressure adjustment in breeding in natural seawater, this phenomenon reduces the energy metabolism associated with osmotic pressure in artificial breeding water because of low osmotic pressure. This suggests that the secretion of growth hormone is promoted.

  In addition, in each of the artificial breeding waters described above, an attempt is made to obtain artificial breeding water that replaces natural seawater by adding as little salt (elements) as possible in the experiment, and as little as possible. Although only addition experiments have been conducted, if these are added, it is appropriate for breeding seawater fish, and even if an appropriate amount of other salts is added to this, it can be used as artificial breeding water without affecting its action If so, it is possible to add other salts added to artificial seawater, such as vitamins, and nutrients such as vitamins to the artificial breeding water, which is equivalent to the artificial breeding water of the present application. .

  As described above, the artificial breeding water according to the present invention can be used not only for breeding various seawater fish but also for breeding freshwater fish. Therefore, it can be used for aquaculture of various fish that require breeding water in large quantities, and it can be used as breeding water for breeding seawater tropical fish and freshwater tropical fish in ordinary households, as well as saltwater fish and freshwater fish. It is also possible to rear them together.

  Furthermore, in land-based breeding in large-scale water tanks (livestock breeding tanks), marine Nannochloropsis, which is indispensable for cultivating rotifers widely used as the initial feed for hatchling larvae, should be cultured. It can be used for cultivating rotifer culture in (1).

(A) is side explanatory drawing of the water tank and filtration apparatus used for observation experiment, (b) is the same plane explanatory drawing. Explanatory diagram comparing growth rates Explanatory diagram showing the equilibrium state of ammonia

1 Water tank (Livestock raising tank)
2 Filtration device 3 Filter material 4 Foam separation device 5 Breeding water cooling device

Claims (4)

Breeding water used for artificial breeding of marine and freshwater organisms,
Sodium, calcium, and potassium are added to the breeding water so that the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. The abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is 0.93 to the abundance ratio in natural seawater, and sodium to calcium and potassium. The artificial breeding water is characterized by containing so that the abundance ratio is 55 to the abundance ratio in natural seawater. Breeding water used for artificial breeding of marine and freshwater organisms,
Calcium and potassium are contained in the breeding water at a rate of not less than 0.1002 (g / l) and potassium not less than 0.09419 (g / l) and a specific gravity of not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. In addition to sodium, artificial breeding water characterized by containing sodium.   In the artificial breeding water, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is added to have an amount of 1.68897 (g / l) to natural seawater, and the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. The artificial breeding water according to claim 2.   In the said artificial breeding water, content of each said component is 0.25 to 1 time of the said breeding water, and it is suitable for breeding of pufferfish whose abundance ratio of each said component is equivalent. The artificial breeding water according to any one of 3 above.

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