JP2010160768A - Control method of test facility of smoke detector - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control method of a test facility of a smoke detector suitable for testing actual operation conditions of the smoke detector under conditions resembling actual smoke generation conditions. <P>SOLUTION: The control method is to control the test facility 1 of the smoke detector, which is constituted by including: a test room 10 making a test space of the smoke detector; a smoke generator 30 being arranged in the test room 10 and generating smoke by heating wood chips; and the smoke detector 50 arranged in the test room 10. By a control panel 80 which controls heating temperature of wood chips in the smoke generator 30, the heating temperature is controlled to a temperature at which smoke is generated from the wood chips and which is below a combustion temperature of the wood chips. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for controlling a smoke detector test facility for generating a simulated fire smoke and performing an operation test of the smoke detector.

  Conventionally, a box called a smoke box has been used as a smoke detector test facility in a sensor manufacturing factory or the like. This smoke box is, for example, a metal box of about 1 m cubic, and a top body is provided with a lid to which a smoke sensor can be attached, and a filter paper is burned on the side of the box. A drawer that can be taken in and out is provided. Then, after filling the inside of the box with smoke generated using filter paper, the smoke detector attached to the lid is exposed to the inside of the box, and the smoke detector is activated within a predetermined time. The smoke detector was tested by confirming whether or not.

  Alternatively, when testing smoke detectors already installed in buildings as a smoke detector test facility, smoke testers have been used. This smoke tester is configured such that a cylinder is provided at the tip of a rod-like body and gas can be discharged from the gas spray into the cylinder. And in the state where the outer periphery of the smoke detector is covered with a cylinder, the gas inside the cylinder is filled with gas spray gas, and by checking whether the smoke detector is activated within a predetermined time, An operation test of the smoke detector was performed (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2003-331367 A

  Here, with the mandatory installation of residential fire alarms, there is a growing need for general users to understand the actual operating status of smoke detectors. For this reason, for example, in various events and exhibitions, it is considered to demonstrate how the smoke detector operates in what kind of smoke environment by actually operating the smoke detector. It is done.

  However, the smoke box operates the smoke detector in a special installation situation that is completely different from the actual installation situation inside the box body. Not suitable for showing. In addition, the smoke tester can perform tests under actual installation conditions, but it operates the smoke detector by releasing gas, and under conditions similar to actual smoke generation conditions. It is not suitable for showing the operation status of the smoke detector to general users.

  Further, in a conventional test apparatus that generates smoke by burning filter paper, it is considered that it is not preferable as a smoke detector test, such as burning a relatively short time to generate a large amount of carbon monoxide.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and a method for controlling a smoke detector test facility suitable for testing an actual operating state of a smoke detector under a situation close to an actual smoke generation state. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 1 is provided in a test chamber constituting a test space of the smoke detector, and the test chamber. Control method for controlling smoke detector testing equipment comprising smoke generating means for generating smoke by heating wood chips and a smoke detector disposed in the test chamber The control means for controlling the heating temperature of the wood chip in the smoke generating means is the temperature at which smoke is generated from the wood chip and less than the combustion temperature of the wood chip It is characterized in that the temperature is controlled.

  The smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 2 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is stored for each type of the wood chip. A storage unit, and the control unit acquires the heating temperature corresponding to the type of the wood chip from the storage unit based on the type of the wood chip specified by a predetermined method, and sets the acquired heating temperature to the acquired heating temperature. Control is performed based on this.

  The smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 3 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 2, wherein the storage means wants to reproduce the heating temperature in the test. Storing for each type of fire situation, the control means obtains the heating temperature corresponding to the type of fire situation from the storage means based on the type of fire situation specified by a predetermined method, and obtains the acquisition Control is performed based on the heating temperature.

  The smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 4 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the storage means starts the test with the heating temperature. The control means acquires the heating temperature corresponding to the test time from the storage means on the basis of the test time specified by a predetermined method, and acquires the heating temperature. Control is performed based on the heating temperature.

  A method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 5 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein at least one of the test chambers is provided. Airflow forming means for exhausting air from an opening formed at a lower position of the side surface toward an exhaust port formed at an upper position of at least one side surface of the test chamber through the smoke generating means and the smoke detector in order. The storage means stores an exhaust amount, and the control means controls the air flow forming means based on the exhaust amount acquired from the storage means.

  The smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 6 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 5, wherein the air flow forming means is formed on a ceiling of the test chamber. Exhaust is performed toward an exhaust port and an exhaust port formed at a position above the side surface of the test chamber, and the control means starts exhaust from the exhaust port formed on the ceiling of the test chamber. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed, exhaust from an exhaust port formed at a position above the side surface of the test chamber is started.

  A smoke detector test facility control method according to claim 7 is the smoke detector test facility control method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the smoke detector test facility is in the vicinity of the smoke generating means. And providing a pseudo fire flame forming means for illuminating the cloth body and swinging the cloth body by blowing air, the storage means stores the illumination intensity of the cloth body, and the control means stores the memory The simulated fire flame forming means is controlled based on the illuminance acquired from the means.

  According to the method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 1, the heating temperature of the wood chip is set to a temperature at which smoke is generated from the wood chip and is lower than the combustion temperature of the wood chip. Because it controls, smoke detectors can be tested using the smoke generated from the wood chip, and it is possible to prevent the wood chip from burning and generating carbon monoxide. It becomes possible.

  According to the method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 2, since the heating temperature corresponding to the type of wood chip is obtained from the storage means and controlled, optimum heating is performed depending on the type of wood chip. Even when the temperatures are different, the test can be performed at an optimum heating temperature according to the type of wood chip used in the test.

  Further, according to the method for controlling the smoke detector test facility according to claim 3, since the heating temperature corresponding to the type of fire situation to be reproduced in the test is acquired from the storage means, the control is performed. Even when the optimum heating temperature differs depending on the test, it is possible to perform the test at the optimum heating temperature according to the type of fire situation to be reproduced in the test.

  Further, according to the method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 4, the heating temperature corresponding to the test time from the start of the test to the end of the test is acquired from the storage means and controlled. Even when the optimum heating temperature is different, the test can be performed at the optimum heating temperature according to the desired test time.

  Further, according to the control method of the smoke detector test facility according to claim 5, since the control is performed based on the exhaust amount acquired from the storage means, an optimal exhaust state for the test can be formed, and the actual fire situation It is possible to perform a test in an exhaust state that matches the desired test state.

  Further, according to the control method for the smoke detector test facility according to claim 6, the air flow reaching the ceiling direction is formed by starting the exhaust from the exhaust port formed in the ceiling of the test chamber, and then the predetermined method. After a lapse of time, by starting the exhaust from the exhaust port formed at the upper side of the side of the test room, it is possible to form an airflow that reaches the side, so it seems that the smoke detector was installed on the side wall of the test room Even in such a case, the smoke can be introduced into the smoke detector for testing.

  Moreover, according to the control method of the smoke detector test facility according to claim 7, since the control is performed based on the illuminance acquired from the storage means, it is optimal for simulating a fire to be reproduced in the test. An illumination state can be formed, and a test can be performed in an illumination state that matches an actual fire situation or a desired test state.

1 is an overall perspective view of a smoke detector test facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view by the horizontal surface of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view by the cross section along the X direction of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a smoke generator. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pseudo fire flame forming apparatus. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the apparatus which integrated the smoke generator and the pseudo fire flame formation apparatus. It is a block diagram of a control board. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a control table. It is a flowchart of a test control process.

  Embodiments of a smoke detector test facility according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the “test” is not limited to the verification test for confirming whether the performance of the smoke detector conforms to the standard, but the smoke detector is actually used in a situation close to the actual smoke generation situation. It also means confirming whether or not to operate, and in some cases may include showing this operation status to a visitor such as a general user.

(Constitution)
First, the configuration of the smoke detector test facility 1 will be described. 1 is an overall perspective view of the smoke detector test facility 1 (partially cut away), FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-section of FIG. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the smoke detector test facility 1 includes a test chamber 10 and an attached chamber 20. In the following description, among the directions shown in FIG. 1, the X direction is the front-rear direction (the direction from the test chamber 10 to the attached chamber 20 is the front, the direction from the attached chamber 20 to the test chamber 10 is the rear), and the Y direction In the left-right direction (the right hand side when viewing the test chamber 10 from the attached chamber 20 is the right side, the left hand side when viewing the test chamber 10 from the attached chamber 20 is the left side), the Z direction is the up-down direction (vertically upward, The vertical downward is the lower).

(Configuration-test room)
The test chamber 10 forms a test space for operating the smoke detector by generating smoke and introducing it into the smoke detector 50 described later. The test chamber 10 is preferably formed in a structure, shape, and size that can reproduce the natural flow of smoke from smoke generation to smoke detection in a general house. For example, regarding the structural aspect, the test chamber 10 is provided with front and rear walls 11 to 14, a ceiling 15, and a test facility 1 so as to shield the wind from the outside so that the natural flow path of smoke can be reproduced. The installation space G is configured to surround the test space. However, openings may be formed at arbitrary positions on the walls 11 to 14 so that a desired test environment can be constructed by introducing outside air (the exhaust ports 12a and 12b and the opening 26 will be described later). . For example, with respect to the shape and size, the test chamber 10 has a height of about 2 m to 4 m and one side of the planar shape is about 1.5 m to 3 m in order to reproduce the internal space of each floor of a general house. And it is comprised by the substantially rectangular parallelepiped as a whole.

  Furthermore, the test chamber 10 is preferably formed so that the natural flow process of smoke from generation of smoke to smoke detection can be easily observed from the attached chamber 20, for example, the smoke is white smoke. Is assumed, the inner surface of the rear wall 12 is black. In particular, the location of the black portion may be changed according to the direction of illumination or sunlight so that the observer can easily see the smoke from the outside, for example, any position on the inner surface of the rear wall 12 In addition, the black sheet may be pasted with a hook-and-loop fastener or a tape. Alternatively, as will be described later, when the test chamber 10 and the auxiliary chamber 20 are made portable as an assembly type, the test chamber 10 and the auxiliary chamber 20 are moved as a whole according to the direction of illumination or sunlight. Also good. The inner surfaces of the front and left and right walls 11, 13, 14 may be black as well, but here, the possibility of observing the inside of the test chamber 10 through these walls 11, 13, 14 is considered. The walls 11, 13, and 14 are colorless and transparent. In addition, examples of the performance required for the test chamber 10 include heat resistance, durability, portability, and low cost. From the viewpoint of heat resistance and durability, as a material constituting each of the walls 11 to 14 and the ceiling 15, for example, a heat resistant material such as gypsum board or heat resistant glass can be used. It is not always necessary to use a heat-resistant material, and priority may be given to portability and low cost by using the cheapest vinyl sheet. Moreover, a wooden or metal pipe pillar can be used as a supporting material for supporting these heat-resistant materials and vinyl sheets. For example, as a thing using a vinyl sheet or a metal pipe pillar, it is possible to divert a commercially available agricultural greenhouse. For example, by constructing the framework of the test chamber 10 and the attached chamber 20 by connecting a plurality of pipes, the test chamber 10 and the attached chamber 20 can be easily transported as an assembly type, and the test equipment can be easily used anywhere. 1 may be formed.

(Configuration-room)
The attached room 20 forms an observation space for observing the inside of the test room 10, and is installed adjacent to the front of the test room 10. The annex chamber 20 is preferably formed in a structure, shape, and size capable of easily observing the natural flow of smoke from the generation of smoke in the test space to the detection of smoke. For example, regarding the structural surface, the attached chamber 20 includes front and left and right walls 21 to 23 and a rear wall 24 (front of the test chamber 10 in order to shield the flow of excess airflow from the attached chamber 20 to the test chamber 10. And the ceiling 25 and the installation surface G (common to the installation surface G of the test chamber 10) on which the ancillary room 20 is installed so as to surround the observation space. 21 is provided with an entrance 28 for an observer. By providing the attached chamber 20 in this way, the possibility that outside air directly flows into the test chamber 10 is reduced, and the influence on the airflow inside the test chamber 10 is reduced. However, an opening may be formed at any position of each of the walls 21 to 24 so that a desired observation environment can be constructed by introducing outside air (the opening 26 will be described later). Further, for example, with respect to the shape surface and the size surface, the chamber 20 has a height of about 1.8 m to 2 m and one side of the planar shape is about 1 m so that at least one observer can stand. And it is comprised by the substantially rectangular parallelepiped as a whole. However, the shape and size may be changeable so that a plurality of observers can observe simultaneously. For example, the shape and size may be the same as the test chamber 10. In addition, the same material as the test chamber 10 can be used as each material which comprises each wall 21-24 of the attached room 20, the ceiling 25, or a support material.

  Further, from the viewpoint of further improving safety, a shutter 27 is installed in the opening 26 formed in the wall 24 at the rear of the attached chamber 20. The shutter 27 is an opening / closing means that automatically opens and closes the opening 26. For example, a flat plate having a shape corresponding to the opening 26 and an opening / closing mechanism for opening / closing the flat plate by a known mechanism such as a cylinder. It is configured with. The shutter 27 is connected to a control panel 80 to be described later via a signal line (not shown), and is opened and closed by a control signal from the control panel 80.

  Next, equipment disposed inside or outside the test chamber 10 will be described. Inside the test chamber 10, a smoke generating device 30, a simulated fire flame forming device 40, a smoke detector 50, and a gas sensor 60 are provided. A control panel 80 is provided.

(Configuration-smoke generator)
The smoke generating device 30 is a smoke generating means for generating smoke for operating the smoke detector 50, and is disposed at a lower position inside the test chamber 10 (here, on the installation surface where the test chamber 10 is installed). Has been. As the principle and structure of the smoke generating device 30, a publicly known one can be adopted, but here, smoke is generated by heating a wood chip (wood piece). A longitudinal sectional view of the smoke generator 30 is shown in FIG. The smoke generator 30 includes a heating tray 31, an electric heater 32, a temperature sensor 33, a smoke conduit 34, and a blindfold plate 35.

  The heating tray 31 is a metal flat plate that heats the wood chips. The heating tray 31 can be heated by placing the wood chips on the upper surface of the heating tray 31. The electric heater 32 is a heating unit that heats the wood chips via the heating tray 31, and is provided below the heating tray 31. The electric heater 32 is connected to the control panel 80 via a signal line (not shown), and the temperature is controlled by a control signal from the control panel 80. The temperature sensor 33 is temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the heating tray 31 and is, for example, a thermocouple, and is connected to the control panel 80 via a signal line (not shown). Output to. The smoke conduit 34 is smoke guiding means for deriving smoke emitted from the wood chip heated by the electric heater 32 toward the smoke detector 50, and is configured as a metal cylinder having openings at both ends, for example. The heating tray 31 and the space above the heating tray 31 are surrounded, and the side surface of the cylinder is arranged along the direction (here, vertically upward) reaching the smoke detector 50. The heating tray 31 and the smoke conduit 34 need not be separated from each other, and may be integrated using a cylindrical container having a bottom plate. The blindfold plate 35 is a metal plate-like body erected at the forefront position in the smoke generator 30 and prevents other portions of the smoke generator 30 from being exposed to the observer. Yes. However, if the smoke generator 30 can be hidden from the observer by the simulated fire flame forming device 40, the blindfold plate 35 may be omitted.

  In addition, although the specific kind of the wood chip | tip used as heating object is arbitrary, the chip | tip of "Sakura" or "apple" marketed for smoked cooking can be used, for example. According to the experiment by the present inventor, the wood for smoked products may be a rod-shaped body instead of a chip shape, but it is preferable to select a chip shape from the viewpoint of controllability of smoke generation. The heating temperature of the wood chip is a temperature at which smoke is sufficiently released from the wood chip, and a temperature that does not increase carbon monoxide emission from the wood chip (below the combustion temperature of the wood chip). Temperature). Specifically, in order to release smoke, the smoked temperature for smoked cooking is generally from 40 ° C to 60 ° C, whereas it is preferably set to about 300 ° C to 500 ° C, which is higher than that. It is more preferable to set the temperature to about ° C. In particular, when the heating temperature exceeds 600 ° C., a flame comes out from the wood chip, and the discharge amount of carbon monoxide increases remarkably, resulting in a danger. Therefore, the heating temperature is maintained below 600 ° C. It is preferable. In order to generate a heating temperature in this range, it is preferable to use an electric heater 32 of, for example, about 600 W to 800 W.

(Configuration-simulated fire flame forming device)
The simulated fire flame forming device 40 is disposed in the vicinity of the smoke generating device 30 and is visually observed as if a fire actually occurred by forming a simulated fire flame. It is a pseudo fire flame forming means that enhances the presence of the person. A longitudinal sectional view of the simulated fire flame forming apparatus 40 is shown in FIG. The simulated fire flame forming apparatus 40 includes an annular frame 41, a plurality of cloth bodies 42 having one side fixed around the frame 41, a swing fan 43 and a red lamp disposed below the frame 41. 44. Each of the cloth bodies 42 has a substantially triangular shape, and the plurality of cloth bodies 42 are swung by the air blown from the rocking fan 43 while being illuminated in red by the light from the red lamp 44, so that the flame is radiated. Form pseudo. Here, in particular, the simulated fire flame forming device 40 is arranged in front of the smoke generating device 30 so that the observer in the attached room 20 can only see the simulated fire flame forming device 40 without seeing the smoke generating device 30. As a result, it is possible to provide a visual effect that smoke is emitted from the flame formed by the simulated fire flame forming apparatus 40. Here, the swing fan 43 and the red lamp 44 are connected to the control panel 80 via a signal line (not shown), and the amount of air blown by the swing fan 43 and the amount of light from the red lamp 44 are controlled by a control signal from the control panel 80. Is controlled.

  Note that the smoke generating device 30 and the simulated fire flame forming device 40 may be integrated with each other. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a smoke flame output device 90 in which the smoke generator 30 and the simulated fire flame forming device 40 are integrated. The smoke flame output device 90 includes a smoke generating unit 91 below and a pseudo fire flame forming unit 92 above it. Similar to the smoke generator 30, the smoke generator 91 includes a heating tray 31, an electric heater 32, a temperature sensor 33, and a smoke conduit 34. Similar to the simulated fire flame forming device 40, the simulated fire flame forming unit 92 is arranged in an annular frame 41, a plurality of cloth bodies 42 having one side fixed around the frame 41, and a lower portion of the frame 41. The oscillating fan 43 and the red lamp 44 are provided. In the smoke generation unit 91, the wood chip placed on the heating tray 31 is heated to generate smoke, and in the simulated fire flame formation unit 92 above the smoke chip 91, a plurality of cloth bodies 42 are blown from the swing fan 43. The flame is simulated by illuminating red with the light from the red lamp 44 while swinging at. In particular, the smoke generated by the smoke generation unit 91 can be raised by blowing air from the rocking fan 43, so that the generation situation of the smoke rising due to the hot air flow at the time of actual fire can be reproduced more accurately. Can do.

(Configuration-smoke detector)
1 to 3, a smoke detector 50 is smoke detecting means for detecting smoke and outputting an alarm. The operating principle and specific structure of the smoke detector 50 are arbitrary, and for example, a scattered light type smoke detector 50 can be used. The smoke detector 50 is a position where smoke generated from the smoke generator 30 flows in the walls 11 to 14 or the ceiling 15 of the test chamber 10 (the upper position inside the test chamber 10. One or a plurality of them are arranged at a position near the vertical direction of the generator 30. The smoke detector 50 is connected to the control panel 80 via a signal line (not shown), and outputs a smoke detection signal to the control panel 80 when the amount of smoke detected exceeds a predetermined threshold.

(Configuration-Gas sensor)
The gas sensor 60 is smoke detecting means for detecting a specific kind of gas (here, carbon monoxide) and outputting an alarm. The operating principle and specific structure of the gas sensor 60 are arbitrary, and for example, a semiconductor or electrochemical gas sensor 60 can be used. One or a plurality of gas detectors 60 are arranged at positions where carbon monoxide generated from the smoke generator 30 flows in the walls 11 to 14 or the ceiling 15 of the test chamber 10. The gas sensor 60 is connected to the control panel 80 via a signal line (not shown), and outputs a gas detection signal to the control panel 80 when the gas sensing amount exceeds a predetermined threshold. This gas sensor 60 is also arranged in the attached room 20 to detect that the toxic gas has flowed into the attached room 20 and the observer is in a dangerous state, to give an alarm, and to urge the observer to evacuate. Also good. In this case, the electric heater 32 may be controlled by the control panel 80 so that the electric heater 32 is stopped when the gas sensor 60 in the attached chamber 20 is activated.

(Configuration-Airflow formation mechanism)
The airflow formation mechanism 70 is an airflow formation unit that forms an airflow from the smoke generator 30 to the smoke detector 50. Specifically, the airflow forming mechanism 70 includes an exhaust duct 71 and an exhaust fan 72. The exhaust duct 71 is a hollow tube body, and one end of the exhaust duct 71 is branched into an upper exhaust duct 71a and a rear exhaust duct 71b. The upper exhaust duct 71 a mainly performs exhaust for forming a smoke airflow, and is an exhaust port formed at a position on the ceiling 15 of the test chamber 10 and in the vicinity of the smoke generator 30 in the vertical direction. 12a. The rear exhaust duct 71b mainly performs exhaust for adjusting the amount of smoke, and is connected to an exhaust port 12b formed at a position on the rear wall 12 of the test chamber 10. The upper exhaust duct 71a is provided with a damper 71a ₁ , and the rear exhaust duct 71b is provided with a damper 71b _1, and the dampers 71a ₁ and 71b ₁ allow the exhaust amount by the upper exhaust duct 71a and the rear exhaust duct 71b to be reduced. It is controlled individually. On the other hand, the other end of the exhaust duct 71 is connected to the exhaust fan 72 outside the test chamber 10. The exhaust fan 72 exhausts the air in the test chamber 10 through the exhaust port 12 a and the exhaust duct 71 in order. In the exhaust fan 72, the above-described dampers 71a ₁ and 71b ₁ are connected to a control panel 80 via signal lines (not shown), and are driven by a control signal from the control panel 80.

(Configuration-control panel)
The control panel 80 is a control unit that performs electrical control of the test facility 1. A block diagram of the control panel 80 is shown in FIG. The control panel 80 includes a control unit 81, a storage unit 82, and an input / output terminal 83. The control unit 81 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and various programs executed on the CPU. The control unit 81 includes a test control unit 81a in terms of functional concept. The test control unit 81a is smoke detection test control means for controlling a series of test operations from the generation of smoke until the smoke detector 50 is activated. The storage unit 82 is a storage unit that stores programs and various data necessary for control by the control panel 80, and is configured as an external storage device such as an HD (Hard Disk), for example. The storage unit 82 stores a control table 82a. A specific configuration example of the control table 82a will be described later. The input / output terminal 83 is an interface for performing input and output. As described above, the shutter 27, the electric heater 32, the temperature sensor 33, the swing fan 43, and the red lamp 44 are connected via a signal line (not shown). The smoke sensor 50, the gas sensor 60, the exhaust fan 72, and the dampers 71a ₁ and 71b ₁ are connected.

  A specific configuration example of the control table 82a will be described. FIG. 8 shows an example of this configuration. The control table 82a includes an item “fire status type”, an item “test time”, an item “wood chip type”, an item “heating temperature”, an item “exhaust amount”, and an item “illuminance”. Corresponding data is associated with each other. The data corresponding to the item “type of fire situation” is fire situation identification information for specifying the type of fire situation (here, “normal fire” and “fired fire”) to be reproduced in the test. The data corresponding to the item “test time” is test time specifying information for specifying the time from the start of the test to the completion of the test (here, two types of “5 minutes” and “10 minutes”). The data corresponding to the item “wood chip type” is smoke material specifying information for specifying the type of wood chip used in the test (here, “sakura” and “apple”). The data corresponding to the item “heating temperature” is heating temperature specifying information for specifying the heating temperature by the electric heater 32. For example, the heating temperature is the vertical axis, and the elapsed time from the start of the test is the horizontal axis. Stored as graph data. The data corresponding to the item “exhaust amount” is the exhaust amount specifying information for specifying the exhaust amount by the exhaust fan 72. For example, the exhaust amount is the vertical axis, and the elapsed time from the start of the test is the horizontal axis. Stored as graph data. The data corresponding to the item “illuminance” is illuminance identification information for identifying the illuminance by the red lamp 44, and is stored as graph data, for example, with the illuminance on the vertical axis and the elapsed time from the start of the test on the horizontal axis. Has been. The data corresponding to the item “heating temperature”, the data corresponding to the item “displacement”, and the data corresponding to the item “illuminance” include the data corresponding to the item “type of fire condition” and the item “test time”. The same or different data is stored depending on the combination of the data corresponding to the above and the data corresponding to the item “type of wood chip”. In other words, a normal fire and a smoldering fire have mutually different smoke changes, changes in hot air flow due to fire, or changes in illuminance due to fire. Moreover, even if the same type of fire is used, the smoke amount in the case where the smoke reaches the threshold of the smoke detector 50 in 5 minutes and the case where the smoke reaches the threshold of the smoke detector 50 in 10 minutes, Changes in airflow or illuminance are different from each other. Further, even when wood chips are heated at the same heating temperature, the manner of smoke output, change in air flow rate, or change in illuminance differ from one another depending on the type of wood chip. Taking these into account, changes in smoke volume and airflow in each combination of data corresponding to the item “fire situation type”, data corresponding to the item “test time”, and data corresponding to the item “wood chip type” These changes are obtained in advance by experiments or the like for each combination so that the change of the illuminance and the change of illuminance can be reproduced, and data for specifying this change is stored in the control table 82a (however, The smoke amount is converted to the heating temperature and stored).

(Airflow formation)
Next, the airflow formation for testing the actual operation status of the smoke detector 50 under a situation close to the actual smoke generation situation will be described in more detail. Smoke generated by a fire in a general house rises vertically from the fire source to the ceiling due to a thermal airflow due to the heat of the fire. On the other hand, in the test chamber 10, smoke is generated by the smoke generator 30, and sufficient heat flow cannot be generated by the heat from the electric heater 32, so that smoke rises vertically upward from the smoke generator 30. May spread laterally. Therefore, an air flow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 is formed by exhausting from the exhaust port 12a formed in the vicinity of the smoke generator 30 in the vicinity of the vertical direction (this embodiment) In FIG. 2, the exhaust port 12a is formed in the ceiling 15, but it may be formed in an upper position or the like in the rear wall 12).

  In particular, when the test space is a closed space, it is difficult to form an air flow, and therefore, the opening 26 is formed at a position below at least one of the side surfaces of the test chamber 10. By forming the opening 26 in the lower position in this way, when the exhaust air is exhausted from the exhaust port 12a formed in the vicinity of the smoke generator 30 in the vertical direction, the outside air flowing in from the opening 26 is Since the exhaust gas is exhausted toward the exhaust port 12a through the smoke detector 50 in order, the airflow formation from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 is further facilitated.

  The position where such an opening 26 is provided may be any position below the side surface of the test chamber 10, but here, a part of the boundary surface between the side surface of the test chamber 10 and the attached chamber 20 is opened. This is part 26. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the lower half (about 1 m) of the wall serving as the boundary surface is an opening 26, and the air from the attached chamber 20 to the test chamber 10 is passed through the opening 26. Inflow. In this configuration, exhausting from the exhaust port 12a makes the test chamber 10 have a negative pressure with respect to the auxiliary chamber 20 and prevents smoke from the test chamber 10 from flowing into the auxiliary chamber 20. It is possible to prevent the 20 observers from coming into contact with smoke, and to further enhance the comfort and safety of the observer.

  In addition to the air flow formation by the exhaust as described above, various measures for forming the air flow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 can be taken. For example, in this embodiment, the simulated fire flame forming device 40 is disposed in the vicinity of the smoke generating device 30, and in particular, the generation position of the air flow from the simulated fire flame forming device 40 to the outside (the upper end position of the frame 41) is Since the smoke generation device 30 is set below the smoke generation position (the upper end position of the smoke conduit 34) from the outside, the smoke generated from the smoke generation device 30 is generated by the air flow generated from the simulated fire flame forming device 40. As a result, the air flow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 can be more easily formed.

  In this embodiment, the above-described smoke conduit 34 is used. That is, when the heating tray 31 is simply exposed to the test chamber 10, there is a high possibility that smoke emitted from the wood chips will diffuse sideways. 34, and the smoke conduit 34 is disposed so that the side surface of the cylinder extends along the direction leading to the smoke detector 50, so that the flow direction of the smoke emitted from the wood chip is detected along the side surface of the smoke conduit 34. Therefore, the formation of the airflow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 is further facilitated.

  Furthermore, when a desired airflow is once formed and then only exhaust from the exhaust port 12a provided vertically above the smoke generator 30 is continued, most of the smoke is exhausted from the exhaust port 12a, and the smoke The sensor 50 may not flow. In particular, it is conceivable to perform the test by installing the smoke detector 50 on the rear wall 12 or the side walls 13 and 14 of the test chamber 10, and in such a case, the air flow to the smoke detector 50 is considered. May not be formed. Therefore, once the desired airflow is formed, the amount of exhaust from the exhaust port 12a is reduced, and exhaust is also performed from the exhaust port 12b of the wall 12 at the rear of the test chamber 10, thereby vertically An airflow is formed that extends upward and further to the side, and an airflow for reliably introducing smoke from the smoke generator 30 to the smoke detector 50 is formed.

(Test control processing)
Finally, a test control process executed by the test control unit 81a of the control panel 80 will be described. FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the test control process. In the following description, step is abbreviated as “S”. After the operator places a predetermined amount of wood chips on the heating tray 31, the control panel 80 determines the type of fire situation to be reproduced in the test, the test time, and the type of wood chip used for the test via an input means (not shown). And instructing the start of smoke detection test control.

Then, the test control part 81a enables inflow of air from the attached chamber 20 to the test chamber 10 by opening the shutter 27 (SA1). Next, the test control unit 81a refers to the control table 82a of the storage unit 82, and displays a graph of the heating temperature corresponding to the combination of the input fire condition type, the input test time, and the input wood chip type. Data, exhaust amount graph data, and illuminance graph data are acquired (SA2). Then, referring to these graph data, the electric heater 32 is controlled to be the initial value of the heating temperature, the exhaust fan 72 is controlled to be the initial value of the exhaust amount, and the red color is set to the initial value of the illuminance. The lamp 44 is controlled (SA3). At the same time, the test control unit 81a turns the cloth fan 42 by turning the rocking fan 43 (SA4). As a result, the wood chip is heated by the electric heater 32 and smoke is generated, and the cloth body 42 oscillated by the oscillating fan 43 is gradually lit red by the red lamp 44, and the fire flame is simulated. Is generated. In addition, the test control unit 81a fully opens the damper 71a ₁ and fully closes the damper 71b ₁ (SA5), thereby performing only exhaust through the exhaust port 12a and the upper exhaust duct 71a in sequence, thereby generating smoke. An air flow extending vertically upward from the device 30 is formed.

  Thereafter, the test control unit 81a obtains the elapsed time from the start of the test by a known method (SA6), and periodically refers to the graph data based on the elapsed time, whereby the heating temperature at each elapsed time. Then, the exhaust amount and the illuminance are specified, and the electric heater 32, the exhaust fan 72, and the red lamp 44 are controlled so as to obtain the heating temperature, the exhaust amount and the illuminance (SA7). The heating temperature is accurately controlled by performing feedback control based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 33. By performing such control, a change in smoke amount, a change in airflow, and a change in illuminance at the time of a normal fire or a burning fire are reproduced according to the type of wood chip. In particular, the heating temperature of the wood chip is a temperature at which smoke is sufficiently released from the wood chip as described above, the temperature before the wood chip burns, and the emission of carbon monoxide from the wood chip. Since the temperature is controlled so as not to increase the amount, it is possible to suppress the increase in the emission amount of carbon monoxide while generating smoke.

Further, the test control unit 81a is, when the elapsed time from the start of the test has reached the predetermined time (SA8, Yes), the damper 71a ₁ as well as the half-open, the damper 71b ₁ by the semi-opened (SA9 ), The exhaust amount of exhaust through the exhaust port 12a and the upper exhaust duct 71a is reduced, and the exhaust through the exhaust port 12b and the rear exhaust duct 71b is started. Thus, in addition to the air flow extending vertically upward from the smoke generating device 30, an air flow directed backward from the vertical upper position can be formed.

Further, the test control unit 81a monitors the gas detection output from the gas sensor 60 after starting the test (SA10). When the gas sensor 60 detects a gas exceeding a predetermined threshold value, the gas sensor 60 outputs an alarm sound and blinks an alarm lamp and outputs a gas detection signal to the control panel 80. Further, in this case (SA10, Yes), it is considered that carbon monoxide exceeding the expectation has been generated for some reason, and it is preferable to stop the test. Therefore, the test control of the control panel 80 which has received the output of the gas detection signal is performed. The part 81a controls the electric heater 32 to stop heating, fully opens the dampers 71a _{1 and} 71b ₁ and controls the exhaust fan 72 to exhaust the exhaust gas, and exhausts the shutter 27. Is closed to prevent carbon monoxide from flowing into the attached chamber 20 (SA12). However, if the exhaust by the exhaust fan 72 is hindered by closing the shutter 27, the exhaust may be continued without closing the shutter 27. This ends the test control process.

On the other hand, when the gas detection signal is not output (SA10, No), the test control unit 81a monitors the smoke detection output from the smoke detector 50 (SA11), and repeats SA6 to SA10 until the smoke detection signal is output. . The smoke detector 50 outputs an alarm sound and blinks an alarm lamp when smoke exceeding a predetermined threshold is detected. By observing this situation, the observer can learn the operating state of the smoke detector 50. Further, in this case (SA11, Yes), it is considered that the test has been completed as scheduled, and it is not preferable to generate more smoke. Therefore, the test control unit 81a of the control panel 80 that has received the output of the smoke detection signal. After a predetermined time when the operation of the smoke detector 50 is considered to be sufficiently observed (for example, 1 minute after the output of the smoke detection signal), the wood chip is burned by controlling the electric heater 32 to stop the heating. The dampers 71a _{1 and} 71b ₁ are fully opened and the exhaust fan 72 is controlled to maximize the amount of exhaust to exhaust the air, and by closing the shutter 27, the smoke flows into the attached chamber 20. (SA12). However, if the exhaust by the exhaust fan 72 is hindered by closing the shutter 27, the exhaust may be continued without closing the shutter 27. This ends the test control process.

(effect)
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the smoke generated below the test space can be guided upward by the air flow and sensed by the smoke detector 50. , It is possible to test the actual operating status of the smoke detector 50. In particular, the test room 10 is designed at the ceiling height of the house, and the smoke detector 50 is arranged at a height that is actually installed in the house, and the test is performed. The operating state of the sensor 50 can be demonstrated, and the test of the smoke sensor 50 can be easily performed as a tester according to the actual installation situation. Further, the portable test facility 1 allows the observer to observe the inside of the test chamber 10 from the outside, so that the test facility can be easily and anywhere without preparing a special fixed test facility as in the prior art. 1 can be provided.

  Further, since the gas sucked from the opening 26 formed in the lower position of the side surface of the test chamber 10 can be exhausted toward the exhaust port 12a through the smoke generator 30 and the smoke detector 50 in sequence, smoke generation The smoke generated by the device 30 can be guided upward by the air flow and detected by the smoke detector 50.

  In addition, since the auxiliary chamber 20 is provided, the possibility that the outside air directly flows into the test chamber 10 is reduced, and the influence on the airflow inside the test chamber 10 is reduced. Moreover, the gas is sucked from the opening 26 formed in the boundary surface between the attached chamber 20 and the test chamber 10, and the test chamber 10 is set to a negative pressure with respect to the attached chamber 20, so that the test chamber 10 is changed to the attached chamber 20. Smoke can be prevented from flowing in, smoke can be prevented from touching the observer in the attached room 20, and the comfort and safety of the observer can be further enhanced.

  Moreover, it becomes possible to improve the controllability of the amount of smoke generated by heating the wood chip to generate smoke. In addition, since the smoke conduit 34 for deriving the smoke emitted from the wood chip toward the smoke detector 50 is provided, airflow formation from the smoke generator 30 to the smoke detector 50 is further facilitated. Moreover, since the electric heater 32 is controlled so as not to raise the temperature at which the wood chip burns (for example, a high temperature such as 600 ° C.), the test can be performed while suppressing the generation of carbon monoxide. Tests can be performed without adverse effects.

  Further, an air flow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50 is formed by exhaust of the exhaust fan 72 and air blown by the simulated fire flame forming device 40, thereby forming an air flow from the smoke generating device 30 to the smoke detector 50. Becomes easier.

  In addition, since the simulated fire flame forming device 40 and the smoke generating device 30 are integrally formed with each other, smoke can be raised by blowing air from the simulated fire flame forming device 40. The situation of rising smoke can be reproduced more accurately.

(Modification to each embodiment)
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the specific configuration and means of the present invention are arbitrarily modified and improved within the scope of the technical idea of each invention described in the claims. be able to. Hereinafter, such a modification will be described.

  First, the problems to be solved by the invention and the effects of the invention are not limited to the above-described contents, and the present invention solves the problems not described above or has the effects not described above. In some cases, only some of the described problems can be solved, or only some of the described effects can be achieved.

  The test chamber 10 is not limited to one room, and a plurality of the same or different structures and shapes may be provided. Alternatively, the test chamber 10 may be changeable in shape and size so that the flow paths of smoke in various houses can be reproduced. The attached chamber 20 may be omitted, or a plurality of attached chambers 20 having the same or different structure or shape may be disposed adjacent to the common test chamber 10. For example, the auxiliary chamber 20 may be provided behind the test chamber 10, and in this case, it becomes easy for an operator to enter and leave the rear auxiliary chamber 20 to perform maintenance and the like of the test chamber 10.

  In the said embodiment, although the example which used the wood chip as a heating object was shown, the cutting shape and cutting size of this wood chip are arbitrary. Moreover, it is not necessarily limited to what was manufactured for cooking, For example, what was manufactured for stage productions and what was manufactured from the beginning with the intention of this test may be used.

  In the above embodiment, in order to perform the test of the smoke detector 50, the wood chip is heated to the extent that carbon monoxide is not generated. However, the gas detector 60 is also tested by the test facility 1. In this case, the heating time may be controlled to be long or the heating temperature may be raised so that the wood chip becomes ash and carbon monoxide is produced. Thus, the test of the smoke detector 50 and the test of the gas sensor 60 may be performed in the same test facility 1.

  In addition, a device capable of measuring the smoke concentration (for example, separation type smoke detection) is arranged in the vicinity of the smoke detector 50 to be tested inside the test chamber 10, and the smoke concentration in the test chamber 10 is detected by this device. Thus, the electric heater 32 and the exhaust fan 72 may be controlled so as to obtain a predetermined smoke density at which the smoke detector 50 operates.

  Furthermore, a means for measuring the temperature on the ceiling side of the test chamber 10 may be provided, and when this temperature is high, smoke rising in an updraft may not reach the ceiling. The airflow is likely to rise by turning, and when the temperature is low, the exhaust fan 72 may be stopped and the test may be performed with no airflow during an actual fire.

  Alternatively, the shutter 27 is controlled to open and close during the test, but the inlet is not limited to the shutter 27 and may be provided, for example, on the floor of the test chamber 10. In this case, the inlet provided on the floor is connected to the shutter 27. The opening / closing control may be performed with.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Test equipment of smoke detector 10 Test room 11-14, 21-24 Wall 12a, 12b Exhaust port 15, 25 Ceiling G Installation surface 20 Attached room 26 Opening part 27 Shutter 28 Entrance / exit 30 Smoke generator 31 Heating tray 32 Electricity Heater 33 Temperature sensor 34 Smoke conduit 35 Blindfold plate 40 Pseudo fire flame forming device 41 Frame 42 Cloth body 43 Oscillating fan 44 Red lamp 50 Smoke detector 60 Gas sensor 70 Airflow forming mechanism 71 Exhaust duct 71a Upper exhaust duct 71b Rear exhaust Duct 71a _1, 71b ₁ Damper 72 Exhaust fan 80 Control panel 81 Control unit 82 Storage unit 83 Input / output terminal 90 Smoke flame output device 91 Smoke generation unit 92 Pseudo fire flame formation unit

Claims (7)

A test chamber constituting a test space of the smoke detector, a smoke generating means disposed in the test chamber and generating smoke by heating a wood chip, and a smoke detector disposed in the test chamber A control method for controlling a test facility of a smoke detector configured to comprise:
By the control means for controlling the heating temperature of the wood chip in the smoke generating means, the heating temperature is controlled to a temperature at which smoke is generated from the wood chip and lower than the combustion temperature of the wood chip. To do,
A method for controlling a smoke detector test facility. Storage means for storing the heating temperature for each type of wood chip,
The control unit acquires the heating temperature corresponding to the type of the wood chip from the storage unit based on the type of the wood chip specified by a predetermined method, and performs control based on the acquired heating temperature. thing,
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 1. The storage means stores the heating temperature for each type of fire situation to be reproduced in a test,
The control means acquires the heating temperature corresponding to the fire situation type from the storage means based on the fire situation type specified by a predetermined method, and performs control based on the acquired heating temperature. thing,
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 2. The storage means stores the heating temperature for each test time from the start of the test to the end of the test,
The control means acquires the heating temperature corresponding to the test time from the storage means based on the test time specified by a predetermined method, and performs control based on the acquired heating temperature;
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 2 or 3. From an opening formed at a lower position on at least one side surface of the test chamber, an exhaust port formed on an upper position or ceiling of the at least one side surface of the test chamber through the smoke generating means and the smoke detector sequentially. Airflow forming means for exhausting toward the
The storage means stores an exhaust amount,
The control means controls the airflow forming means based on the displacement obtained from the storage means;
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein: The air flow forming means performs exhaust toward an exhaust port formed in the ceiling of the test chamber and an exhaust port formed in an upper position on the side surface of the test chamber,
The control means starts exhaust from an exhaust port formed at a position above the side surface of the test chamber after a predetermined time has elapsed after starting exhaust from the exhaust port formed in the ceiling of the test chamber,
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to claim 5. In the vicinity of the smoke generating means, there is provided a simulated fire flame forming means for illuminating the cloth body and swinging the cloth body by blowing air,
The storage means stores illuminance of illumination on the cloth body,
The control means controls the simulated fire flame forming means based on the illuminance acquired from the storage means;
The method for controlling a smoke detector test facility according to any one of claims 2 to 6.

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