JP2010159378A - Composition and grouting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition forming a uniform gel composition, resistant to dissolution of the gel composition even in a leaking site, having a high filling ratio, and enabling easy grouting by injecting in a wide range around underground constructions. <P>SOLUTION: The composition includes (1) a material A containing (1-1) an organic titanium compound, (1-2) polyvinyl alcohol and (1-3) water and (2) a material B containing (2-1) a calcium aluminate compound and/or calcium aluminosilicate compound, (2-2) an inactive filler and (2-3) water. The Ti/OH molar ratio of the titanium in the organic titanium compound to the hydroxyl group in the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably from 0.05 to 0.4, the inactive filler is preferably calcium carbonate and/or slag, more preferably a combination of calcium carbonate and slag, and the material A and the material B are mixed preferably by a static mixer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a composition. For example, the present invention relates to a composition used in the civil engineering / architecture field.

  Techniques to reduce the damage of underground structures due to earthquakes by modifying the surroundings of underground structures with an elastic composition are being studied. Hydrogel compositions using polyvinyl alcohol as an elastic composition have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 to 7). A construction method has been proposed in which an A material containing an organic titanium compound, polyvinyl alcohol and water, and a slurry B material containing a cement-based mineral are separately pumped, mixed before injection, and injected around the underground structure or the ground. (Patent Document 8).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-207071 JP 05-117033 A JP 2005-162984 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-220738 Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-159786 JP 2004-43353 A JP 2007-177212 A JP 2008-055134 A

  Since these materials are liquid before gelation and have a high filling property, the gel composition dissolves at locations where there is a water flow such as a spring location or a leak location, and the amount of organic matter eluted increases. Furthermore, there is a problem that lacks filling properties. Furthermore, when inject | pouring these, since the A material containing an organic titanium compound, polyvinyl alcohol, and water, and the slurry B material containing a cement-type mineral are pumped separately, there exists a subject inferior to workability.

The present inventor has made extensive efforts and, through various experimental studies, for example, prepared a gelation rate, and easily obtained a composition that has excellent water non-separation resistance at a spring location or a leak location and has a small amount of organic matter elution. Has been completed.

  That is, the present invention includes (1) (1-1) an organotitanium compound, (1-2) polyvinyl alcohol, and (1-3) A material containing water, and (2) (2-1) calcium aluminate. It is a composition formed by mixing a compound and / or a calcium aluminosilicate compound, (2-2) an inert filler, and (2-3) water-containing B material. Titanium in an organic titanium compound and an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution The Ti / OH molar ratio with a hydroxyl group in the composition is 0.05 to 0.4, the inert filler is calcium carbonate and / or slag, and the inert filler is carbonic acid. It is this composition which is calcium and slag, (1) A material containing (1-1) organic titanium compound, (1-2) polyvinyl alcohol, and (1-3) water, and (2) (2 -1) Calcium This is an injection method in which an nate compound and / or a calcium aluminosilicate compound, (2-2) an inert filler, and (2-3) water-containing B material are mixed and injected, (1) (2) The injection method in which B material is injected in an equal amount, (1) The A method and (2) B material are mixed with a static mixer and injected, and the inert filler Is the pouring method wherein calcium carbonate and / or slag and the inert filler is calcium carbonate and slag.

  The composition of the present invention, for example, forms a uniform gel composition, the gel composition does not dissolve even at leak points, has a high filling property, and is poured around the underground structure in a high range, and can be easily applied. Can do.

  The parts and% used in the present invention are based on mass unless otherwise specified.

  The composition used in the present invention is a hydrogel composition.

Polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as PVA) used in the present invention includes fully saponified PVA and partially saponified PVA. Any modified PVA to which acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, acrylamide or the like is added may be used as long as it has a hydroxyl group and substantially retains water solubility. 500-3000 are preferable and, as for the average degree of polymerization of PVA used for this invention, 1000-2000 are more preferable. The saponification degree of PVA is preferably 80 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more. When the degree of polymerization or saponification of PVA is outside the above range, the physical strength, elasticity, and water resistance after the hydrogel composition has gelled may be inferior.

  When PVA is used in advance as an aqueous solution, the solid content concentration in the PVA aqueous solution is preferably 5 to 15%, more preferably 8 to 12%. If it is less than 5%, the hydrogel composition may be cured and elasticity may be insufficient. If it exceeds 15%, the stability of the aqueous solution may be deteriorated, and the concentration of organic substances eluted from the hydrogel composition may be increased.

  When PVA is used in advance as an aqueous solution, it is possible to use a preservative or an antifoaming agent.

The water-soluble titanium compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group (crosslinking agent) can be used. Of these, water-soluble organic titanium compounds are preferably used. Titanium lactate obtained by reacting titanium alkoxide with lactic acid, which is a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or titanium acetylacetate obtained by reacting titanium alkoxide with acetylacetone, which is a β-diketone. Nitrate, titanium triethanolaluminate obtained by reacting titanium alkoxide with triethanolamine as alkanolamine, titanium oxalate obtained by reacting oxalic acid as dicarboxylic acid with titanium alkoxide, peroxo group with lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, One or more of the group consisting of titanium peroxo compounds coordinated to lactic acid or the like is more preferable from the viewpoint of thickening action. Among these, titanium lactate is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent aqueous solution stability.

  The organotitanium compound used in the present invention can be used in a liquid or powder form, but a liquid is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent mixing with an aqueous PVA solution. The titanium concentration of the aqueous titanium solution that is a liquid organic titanium compound is preferably 1.0 to 10.0%, more preferably 3.0 to 6.0%. If it is less than 1.0%, sufficient crosslinking may not be obtained and strength development may not be obtained. If it exceeds 10.0%, the aqueous solution may not be stable. The pH of the water-soluble titanium aqueous solution is preferably 1 or more, and more preferably 4 or more. If it is less than 1, it becomes a strong acid, there is a problem in the safety at the time of construction, and also the gelation time is slowed, and the inseparation resistance in water may be inferior.

  The mixing ratio of the organic titanium compound and PVA used in the present invention is preferably such that the Ti / OH molar ratio of titanium in the organic titanium compound and the hydroxyl group in the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 0.05 to 0.4, It is more preferable that it is 0.08-0.25. If it is less than 0.05, the strength of the gel composition may be too low to obtain elasticity, and if it exceeds 0.4, the gel composition may become too strong and the elasticity may be impaired.

The calcium aluminate compound used in the present invention is a substance mainly composed of CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ .

Examples of the method for obtaining the calcium aluminate compound include a method in which a CaO raw material and an Al ₂ O ₃ raw material are blended at a predetermined ratio, heat-treated, and pulverized. Examples of the CaO raw material include calcium carbonate such as limestone and shells, calcium hydroxide such as slaked lime, calcium oxide such as quick lime, and the like. Examples of the Al ₂ O ₃ raw material include bauxite, aluminum residue ash, and aluminum powder.

A rotary kiln, an electric furnace, or the like can be used as a firing facility for heat treatment.

The calcium aluminate compound may contain impurities. Examples of impurities include SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MgO, TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MnO, P ₂ O ₅ , Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, Li ₂ O, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine. If the total of these impurities is in the range of 5% or less, there is no particular problem.

The CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of the calcium aluminate compound used in the present invention is preferably 0.4 to 1.5, and more preferably 0.6 to 1.3. If it is less than 0.4, the compressive strength of the hydrogel composition may be low, and if it exceeds 1.5, the gel composition may be too strong and the elasticity may be impaired.

Fineness of calcium aluminate compounds is preferably 1500~8000cm ² / g in Blaine specific surface area, 3000~6000cm ² / g is more preferable. If it is less than 1500 cm ² / g, sufficient strength may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 8000 cm ² / g, the reactivity increases, and fluidity and pot life may not be ensured.

The vitrification rate of the calcium aluminate compound is not particularly limited, and it can be used crystalline or amorphous. Calcium aluminate compounds of the _{crystalline, 3CaO · Al 2 O 3,} 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3, CaO · Al 2 O 3, 3CaO · 5Al 2 O 3, CaO · 2Al 2 O 3, CaO · 6Al 2 O ₃ etc. are mentioned. Two or more of these can be used in combination.

In the present invention, the vitrification rate is measured by the following X-ray diffraction Rietveld method. A predetermined amount of an internal standard substance such as aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide is added to the pulverized sample, and after sufficient mixing in an agate mortar, powder X-ray diffraction measurement is performed. Analyze the measurement results with quantitative software to determine the vitrification rate. “SIROQUANT” manufactured by Sitronics is used as the quantitative software.

The calcium aluminosilicate compound used in the present invention is a substance mainly composed of CaO, Al ₂ O ₃ and SiO ₂ , and is preferably an amorphous substance.

The CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of the calcium aluminosilicate compound is preferably 1.5 to 3.0, more preferably 2.0 to 2.5. If it is less than 1.5, it takes time for gelation, and sufficient water inseparability may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 3.0, sufficient fluidity and pot life may not be obtained.

The SiO ₂ content of the calcium aluminosilicate compound is preferably 2 to 5%, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5%. If outside this range, the effect may not be obtained.

Examples of a method for obtaining a calcium aluminosilicate compound include a method in which a CaO raw material, an Al ₂ O ₃ raw material, and a SiO ₂ raw material are blended at a predetermined ratio, heat-treated, and pulverized. Examples of the CaO raw material include calcium carbonate such as limestone and shells, calcium hydroxide such as slaked lime, calcium oxide such as quick lime, and the like. Examples of the Al ₂ O ₃ raw material include bauxite, aluminum residue ash, and aluminum powder. Examples of the SiO ₂ raw material include silica, clay, and siliceous substances by-produced from various industries. A rotary kiln, an electric furnace, or the like can be used as a firing facility for heat treatment.

The calcium aluminosilicate compound may contain impurities. Examples of impurities include SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MgO, TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MnO, P ₂ O ₅ , Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, Li ₂ O, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine. If the total of these impurities is in the range of 10% or less, there is no particular problem.

Fineness of calcium aluminosilicate compound is preferably 3000~9000cm ² / g in Blaine specific surface area, 4000~8000cm ² / g is more preferable. If it is less than 3000 cm ² / g, sufficient strength may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 9000 cm ² / g, the reactivity increases, and fluidity and pot life may not be ensured.

  The inert filler used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and inorganic or organic fillers can be used. Examples of inorganic systems include aggregates such as silica and limestone, clay minerals such as bentonite, ion exchangers such as zeolite, siliceous fine powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium silicate, and slag. Examples of the material include fibrous substances such as vinylon fibers, acrylic fibers, and carbon fibers, ion exchange resins, and the like. Among these, calcium carbonate and / or slag are preferable from the viewpoint of great effects, and it is more preferable to use calcium carbonate and slag in combination.

The mixing ratio when calcium carbonate and slag are used in combination is preferably calcium carbonate: slag = 20 to 80 parts: 80 to 20 parts, and more preferably calcium carbonate: slag = 40 to 60 parts: 60 to 40 parts. If it is outside this range, fluidity and pot life may not be secured.

As slag, blast furnace slag, converter slag, blast furnace slow-cooled slag, dephosphorization slag, waste such as sewage sludge and municipal waste, if necessary, blend clay and lime, etc. Examples include sewage sludge melting slag and municipal waste incineration ash melting slag. Among these, blast furnace slag is preferable. Blast furnace slag refers to a molten slag discharged from a blast furnace in the course of steel production, quenched with water or the like to become vitreous, and pulverized into fine powder.

The fineness of the inert filler is preferably from 1500 to 15000 cm ² / g, more preferably from 3000 to 10,000 cm ² / g, in terms of Blaine specific surface area. If it is less than 1500 cm ² / g, the cement slurry may settle, and if it exceeds 150,000 cm ² / g, fluidity and pot life may not be ensured.

The amount of the inert filler used is preferably 25 to 300 parts, more preferably 100 to 250 parts, relative to 100 parts of the calcium aluminate compound and / or calcium aluminosilicate compound in the B material. If it is less than 25 parts, the strength of the gel composition may be too high and the elasticity may be impaired, and if it exceeds 300 parts, the gel composition may be fragile and the elasticity may be impaired.

In the present invention, a setting retarder can be used when adjusting the gelation time.

The usage ratio of the A material and the B material used in the present invention is preferably 35 to 65 parts by volume of the A material and 35 to 65 parts by volume of the B material, more preferably 45 to 55 parts by volume of the A material and 45 to 55 parts by volume of the B material. Preferably, A material 50 capacity part and B material 50 capacity part are the most preferable. If the proportion of the A material used is less than 35 parts by volume, the strength of the gel composition may be increased and the elasticity may be impaired, and if it exceeds 65 parts by volume, the gel composition may be fragile and the elasticity may be impaired. .

The amount of water in material B is preferably 15 to 200 parts, more preferably 75 to 150 parts, with respect to a total of 100 parts of the calcium aluminate compound, calcium aluminosilicate compound and inert filler. If the amount is less than 15 parts, the cement slurry may instantaneously freeze. If the amount exceeds 200 parts, the crosslinking ratio may decrease, and the elasticity of the hydrogel composition may be insufficient.

It is preferable that the A material and the B material used in the present invention are pumped in equal amounts and injected around the underground structure.

Examples of the equipment for feeding A material and B material at the same amount simultaneously include a manual diaphragm pump, a squeeze pump, a snake pump, and the like. Among these, a double squeeze pump and a double snake pump are preferable from the viewpoint that stable and constant pressure feeding is possible.

In order to improve the mixing property of the A material and the B material, it is preferable to install a static mixer in the pressure feeding pipe at the time of mixing. The shape and dimensions of the elements of the static mixer are not particularly limited as long as they are commercially available, and a plurality of static mixers can be used in combination.

  The shape of the mixing part for mixing the A material and the B material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include T-type and Y-type mixing tubes.

  There are no particular limitations on the type and length of the pipe for feeding A material and B material in equal amounts and the pipe for feeding material after mixing A material and B material, but it is easy to handle and has pressure resistance. In view of this, a pressure-resistant hose is preferable.

  The hydrogel composition of the present invention may use a crosslinking agent.

  Any existing apparatus can be used as the hydrogel composition mixing apparatus in the present invention, and examples thereof include a tilting cylinder mixer, an omni mixer, a Henschel mixer, a V-type mixer, and a Nauta mixer.

  Examples of the ground repair method using the hydrogel composition of the present invention include, but are not particularly limited to, a method of pouring into a cavity or soil around an underground structure such as a tunnel and a sewer pipe. For example, after drilling a hole in a concrete wall or concrete floor slab where cavities or water leakage is seen and setting an injection plug, the hydrogel composition of the present invention is injected with an equal volume pump to fill the cavity, A method of forming an elastic body excellent in water stoppage and seismic isolation on the back and the lower part is mentioned. There is also a method in which an injection pipe is inserted from the ground around the cavity or around the structure and injected by an equal volume pump.

  Examples will be described in detail below.

Experimental example 1
A material obtained by mixing a PVA aqueous solution and a titanium aqueous solution so that the Ti / OH molar ratio is 0.15, and a curing material (the curing material is a calcium aluminate compound or a calcium aluminosilicate compound) 100 parts 200 parts of the inert filler shown in Table 1, and water B mixed with water to powder ratio (powder means calcium aluminate compound, calcium aluminosilicate compound and inert filler) 50% Were mixed at a volume ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare a hydrogel composition. The elasticity and non-separability of the composition after preparation were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.

(Materials used)
PVA aqueous solution: manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “K17” (degree of polymerization 1700, degree of saponification 98.7 mol%) was added to tap water and heated to 80 ° C. to obtain a PVA aqueous solution with a solid content concentration of 10%. .
Titanium aqueous solution: titanium lactate, titanium concentration 5.5%, pH 4.7
Calcium aluminate compound: prototype, CaO 29%, Al ₂ O ₃ 65%, SiO ₂ 3%, TiO ₂ 3%, CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio 0.8, vitrification rate 30%, specific surface area 5000 cm ² / G, density 3.05 g / cm ³
Calcium aluminosilicate compound: prototype, CaO 50%, Al ₂ O ₃ 40%, SiO ₂ 4%, other 6%, CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio 1.2, vitrification rate 80%, specific surface area 6000 cm ² / g, density 3.05 g / cm ³
Inert filler a: calcium carbonate, commercially available product, specific surface area 4470 cm ² / g, density 2.70 g / cm ³
Inert filler b: blast furnace slag, commercially available product, specific surface area 6000 cm ² / g, density 2.89 g / cm ³
Inactive filler c: amorphous fine particle silica, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo, spherical silica, specific surface area of 13.5 m ² / g
Water: tap water

(Test method)
Slurry condensation start time of material B (condensation start time): The time from the preparation of slurry of material B having a water powder ratio of 50% to the start of condensation based on JIS A 6202 was measured with an penetration needle.
Elasticity (restoration rate): The hydrogel composition was poured into a 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm mold, demolded at a material age of 1 day, unloaded after 1 cm from the top using a commercially available pressure tester. The restoration rate was measured by measuring the height (xcm) of the specimen after unloading. The restoration rate was calculated by [1- (5-x)] × 100 (%) and used as an elasticity index.
Underwater non-separation test (HG underwater non-separation resistance pH): Into a transparent water tank filled with pure water, the hydrogel composition obtained by stirring the A material and the B material for 15 seconds was instantaneously added, and then water was collected. The pH of the water in the water tank was measured. The water in the water tank was 100 times the amount of the hydrogel composition, and the water tank had a size of 30 cm × 50 cm × 30 cm. The pH was measured with a pH meter F-52S manufactured by Horiba. The smaller the inseparability in water, the higher the pH is because the cement component is eluted in water.

Table 1 shows the following. By adjusting the usage ratio of the A material and the B material, fluidity and pot life can be ensured, and there is an effect that it has elasticity and is excellent in non-separation resistance in water. By using the A material and the B material in proportions of 35 to 65 parts by volume and 35 to 65 parts by volume of B material, a greater effect can be obtained. When calcium carbonate and slag are used in combination as an inert filler, a greater effect is obtained.

Experimental example 2
An inert filler was mixed at a ratio shown in Table 2 with respect to 100 parts of calcium aluminate compound and A material mixed with PVA aqueous solution and titanium aqueous solution so that the Ti / OH molar ratio became the ratio shown in Table 2. The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was conducted except that the hydrogel composition was prepared by mixing the B material at a volume ratio of 1: 1. The elasticity and non-separability of the composition after preparation were evaluated and shown in Table 2. The water powder ratio of material B was 50%.

Table 2 shows the following. By adjusting the Ti / OH molar ratio of the A material and the B material to an appropriate amount and the use amount of the inert filler to an appropriate amount, there is an effect of having elasticity and excellent in water non-separation resistance.

Experimental example 3
A material in which PVA and an organic titanium compound are mixed so that the Ti / OH molar ratio is 0.15, 100 parts of calcium aluminate compound, 200 parts of inert filler, and B material containing water (non- As the active filler, an injection test was performed by feeding 100 parts of calcium carbonate and 100 parts of blast furnace slag, water powder ratio of 50%) at a rate of 10 L / min using a pressure pump. At this time, the A material and the B material were mixed with a T-shaped tube, and the results of testing with and without a static mixer installed after mixing were shown in Table 3.

(Device used)
Pressure pump: A double pump OKG-N65ME type manufactured by Okasan Kiko was used.
Static mixer: A static mixer (commercially available) was used.

(Test method)
Mixability test of A material and B material (restoration rate): The injected hydrogel composition is poured into a 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm formwork, demolded at a material age of 1 day, and top using a commercially available pressure tester And then unloaded after 1 cm. The restoration rate was measured by measuring the height (xcm) of the specimen after unloading. The restoration rate was calculated by [1- (5-x)] × 100 (%) and used as an index of mixing property. The poorer the mixing, the lower the recovery rate.
Maximum pressure measurement at the time of injection (pressure at the time of injection): A commercially available pressure gauge was installed in the tube after mixing the A material and the B material, and the maximum pressure at the time of injection was measured.

Table 3 shows the following. By using a mixer, the mixability of A material and B material can be ensured, and elasticity improves.

  In the hydrogel composition of the present invention, the gel composition does not dissolve even at a spring location or a leak location, so that the filling property is high, the filling can be performed in a high range, and the workability is excellent. For example, it can be applied to hydrogel compositions and ground repair methods used in the civil engineering / architecture field.

Claims (9)

(1) (1-1) Organotitanium compound, (1-2) Polyvinyl alcohol, and (1-3) A material containing water, (2) (2-1) Calcium aluminate compound and / or calcium alumino A composition formed by mixing a silicate compound, (2-2) an inert filler, and (2-3) water-containing B material. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the Ti / OH molar ratio between titanium in the organic titanium compound and hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 0.05 to 0.4. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inert filler is calcium carbonate and / or slag. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the inert filler contains calcium carbonate and slag. (1) (1-1) Organotitanium compound, (1-2) Polyvinyl alcohol, and (1-3) A material containing water, (2) (2-1) Calcium aluminate compound and / or calcium alumino An injection method in which a silicate compound, (2-2) an inert filler, and (2-3) water-containing B material are mixed and injected. The injection method according to claim 5, wherein (1) A material and (2) B material are injected in equal amounts. The injection method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein (1) A material and (2) B material are mixed and injected by a static mixer. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the inert filler is calcium carbonate and / or slag. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the inert filler contains calcium carbonate and slag.