JP2010131629A - Apparatus and method of monitoring deformation of weld structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control execution of welding and heat treatment by monitoring stepwise, during the execution, deformation and stress of a weld structure which is being executed for welding and heat treatment. <P>SOLUTION: The monitoring apparatus includes: a displacement gauge 11 for measuring displacement on the surface of a weld structure 1; a deformation calculating device 12 for calculating deformation amount of the weld structure from the data or the like of the displacement gauge; a thermometer 13 for measuring the surface temperature of the weld structure; a temperature distribution calculating device 14 for measuring temperature distribution of the weld structure from the data or the like of the thermometer; and a determining device 15 for determining a welding deformation of the weld structure during the execution of the welding. The determining device is composed of: a first arithmetic unit 18 for estimating thermal deformation amount by linear expansion of the weld structure; a second arithmetic unit for computing true welding deformation amount by subtracting the estimation of the thermal deformation amount from the deformation amount of the weld structure; and a determining unit 20 for determining success or failure of welding by comparing the true welding deformation amount and an allowable value of the welding deformation amount. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding structure deformation monitoring apparatus and method for monitoring welding deformation during welding of a welded structure, stress during heat treatment, and deformation.

  In the welding deformation management of a welded structure that is normally performed, as shown in FIG. 8, the displacement meter 101 measures the displacement at a representative point necessary for managing the deformation of the welded structure 100. In this figure, a non-contact displacement meter is assumed, but a contact displacement meter is also frequently used. When the displacement meter 101 measures the displacement of a plurality of points in the welded structure 100, the relative displacement calculation device 102 calculates the relative displacement from this measured value. The determination device 103 compares the relative displacement allowable value stored in advance in the database 104 with the relative displacement calculated by the relative displacement calculation device 102 from the displacement measurement value, and determines whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not, and a welding deformation correcting method ( For example, it is determined whether the welding sequence is changed, heat is input after welding, and deformation is corrected). Normally, the allowable value data stored in the database 104 is drawing data, and the determination device 103 determines whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not by comparing the dimensions indicated in the drawing with the relative displacement.

  Various analysis methods have been proposed as a method for predicting welding deformation and residual stress of a welded structure. Among them, the calculation method for calculating the welding deformation and residual stress by distributing the forces that cause welding deformation to the weld as inherent strain (inherent strain method) can easily predict the welding deformation and residual stress of complex structures. In the past, methods for estimating the inherent strain (see Patent Document 1), methods for executing the inherent strain method using a general-purpose structural analysis program (see Patent Document 2), and the like have been proposed. .

Using this concept of inherent strain, optimal design and deformation control of the welded structure can be executed at the construction planning stage. For example, in Patent Documents 3 and 4, prediction of welding deformation is performed before welding using the inherent distortion method, thereby correcting the welding design such as the arrangement of welding lines, the welding sequence, the deformation restraint method, and the welding deformation. Therefore, the local heating method can be optimized.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-201677 JP 2003-121273 A JP 2004-122222 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-114064

  By the way, as a general manufacturing procedure of a welded structure, (a) temporary assembly, (b) spot welding, (c) several layers of welding from the first layer, (d) all-pass welding, (e) deformation measurement , (F) deformation correction and heat treatment, (g) deformation measurement and deformation correction, (h) machining, and (i) final inspection.

  Welding deformation is likely to occur in the initial stage of welding, and the steps (a) and (b) are performed with particular care so that the deformation does not concentrate on some welds. Since the deformation becomes smaller as welding progresses to some extent, the removal of the restraint tool may be performed between the steps (a) and (b), and (b) and (c).

  In addition, with regard to correction of welding deformation, local deformation measurement and deformation correction may be performed at the stages (a) and (b) in order to secure a welding groove. However, deformation measurement and deformation correction for the entire welded structure are often performed after all passes have been welded. In the case of a welded structure in which thin plates are combined, welding deformation can be corrected relatively easily by locally heating the welded portion after the end of welding.

  On the other hand, in the case of a thicker and more rigid welded structure, it is difficult to cause the desired deformation by local heat input after the welding is completed. In the earlier stages (a) and (b), the deformation can be easily corrected, but there is a problem that it is difficult to predict the welding deformation, which is difficult to put into practical use. That is, particularly in a thick and rigid welded structure, it has been a problem to establish a method for monitoring and managing the welding deformation during the welding operation.

  The object of the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and monitoring the deformation and stress of the welded structure during welding construction or heat treatment construction step by step during these constructions. An object of the present invention is to provide a deformation monitoring apparatus and method for a welded structure capable of managing heat treatment construction.

  A welding structure deformation monitoring device according to the present invention is a welding structure deformation monitoring device that monitors welding deformation of a welding structure, and includes a displacement meter that measures the displacement of the surface of the welding structure, and the displacement A deformation amount calculation device for calculating a deformation amount of the welded structure from position information on the data from the meter and a displacement measurement point, a thermometer for measuring the surface temperature of the welded structure, and data and temperature from the thermometer A temperature distribution calculation device that estimates a temperature distribution of the welded structure from position information about a measurement point; and a determination device that performs a determination related to welding deformation of the welded structure during welding. The determination device includes the temperature From the temperature distribution of the welded structure obtained by a distribution calculation device, a first calculation unit that estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure, and the welded structure obtained by the deformation amount calculation device Strange A second calculation unit for calculating a true welding deformation amount by subtracting an estimated value of the thermal deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit from the amount, and an allowable value of the welding deformation amount for each welding process are stored in advance. And a determination unit for comparing the true welding deformation amount obtained by the second calculation unit and the allowable value of the welding deformation amount to determine whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not. It is.

  The welding structure deformation monitoring apparatus according to the present invention is a welding structure deformation monitoring apparatus that monitors stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment of the welded structure, and measures the displacement of the surface of the welded structure. A displacement meter, a deformation amount calculation device for calculating a deformation amount of the welded structure from position information on the data from the displacement meter and a displacement measurement point, a thermometer for measuring the surface temperature of the welded structure, A temperature distribution calculation device that estimates the temperature distribution of the welded structure from position information related to data and temperature measurement points from a thermometer, and a determination device that performs determination on stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment during heat treatment, The determination device includes a first calculation unit that estimates a thermal deformation amount due to linear expansion of a welded structure from a temperature distribution of the welded structure, and a deformation amount of the welded structure obtained by the deformation amount calculation device, in front A second calculation unit for calculating a true heat treatment deformation amount by subtracting an estimated value of the heat deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit; a database for storing in advance a permissible value of the heat treatment deformation amount in the heat treatment process; And a determination unit that determines whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable by comparing the true heat treatment deformation amount obtained by the calculation unit with an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount.

  Furthermore, the deformation monitoring method for a welded structure according to the present invention is a method for monitoring the deformation of a welded structure for monitoring the weld deformation of the welded structure, and a displacement meter measures the displacement of the surface of the welded structure, The amount of deformation of the welded structure is calculated from the data from the displacement meter and the position information about the displacement measurement point, the thermometer measures the surface temperature of the welded structure, and the data from the thermometer and the temperature measurement point are related. The temperature distribution of the welded structure is estimated from position information, the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure is estimated from the temperature distribution of the welded structure, and the amount of thermal deformation is calculated from the amount of deformation of the welded structure. The true welding deformation amount is calculated by subtracting the estimated value, and the true welding deformation amount is compared with a predetermined welding deformation allowable value to determine whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not. Judgment regarding deformation during welding It is characterized in.

  The deformation monitoring method for a welded structure according to the present invention is a deformation monitoring method for a welded structure that monitors stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment of the welded structure, and displaces the displacement of the surface of the welded structure. The meter measures, the deformation amount of the welded structure is calculated from the data from the displacement meter and the position information on the displacement measurement point, the thermometer measures the surface temperature of the welded structure, and the data from the thermometer And the temperature distribution of the welded structure from the position information on the temperature measurement point, the amount of thermal deformation due to the linear expansion of the welded structure from the temperature distribution of the welded structure, and the amount of deformation of the welded structure The true heat treatment deformation amount is calculated by subtracting the estimated value of the heat deformation amount, and the true heat treatment deformation amount is compared with an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount prepared in advance to determine whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable or not. Stress relaxation and deformation It is characterized in that a determination that during the heat treatment installation.

  According to the apparatus and method for monitoring a deformation of a welded structure according to the present invention, the deformation of the welded structure during welding or heat treatment is monitored stepwise during the construction, so that the welding deformation or heat treatment deformation can be detected. It is possible to suitably manage welding construction and heat treatment construction, such as determining pass / fail at an optimal stage during the construction.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[A] First embodiment (FIG. 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration perspective view showing a welding deformation monitoring device for a welded structure to which the first embodiment of the welding structure deformation monitoring device according to the present invention is applied.

  In this embodiment, a welding deformation monitoring device 10 for a welded structure as a welding structure deformation monitoring device monitors the welding deformation of the welded structure 1 during and after welding (particularly during welding). And includes a displacement meter 11, a deformation amount calculation device 12, a thermometer 13, a temperature distribution calculation device 14, and a determination device 15.

  Here, the welded structure 1 is configured, for example, by welding the plate material 3 to the plate material 2 using the welding machine 16 and welding the plate material 4 to the plate material 3 by the welding machine 16 in the same manner. Reference numeral 5 denotes a weld metal. The welding machine 16 is controlled for each welding process by the welding control device 17.

  There are a plurality of displacement meters 11, each measuring the displacement of the surface of the welded structure 1 during and after welding. The deformation amount calculation device 12 calculates the deformation amount of the welded structure 1 from the displacement data from the plurality of displacement meters 11 and the position information regarding the displacement measurement points during and after welding.

  There are a plurality of thermometers 13 and each measures the surface temperature of the welded structure 1 during and after welding. The temperature distribution calculation device 14 estimates the temperature distribution of the welded structure 1 during and after welding from the temperature data from the plurality of thermometers 13 and the position information regarding the temperature measurement points.

  The determination device 15 executes determination regarding welding deformation of the welded structure 1 during and after welding, and includes a first calculation unit 18, a second calculation unit 19, a determination unit 20, a calculation device 21, a display device 22, and a database. 23.

  The first calculation unit 18 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure 1 from the temperature distribution data of the welded structure 1 obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device 14 during and after welding. . The second calculation unit 19 subtracts the estimated value of the thermal deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit 18 from the deformation amount data of the welded structure 1 obtained by the deformation amount calculation device 12, and is performing welding. And after welding is performed, the true welding deformation amount is calculated.

  Here, the true welding deformation amount will be described. A temperature distribution occurs in the welded structure 1 during welding, and thermal deformation due to temperature non-uniformity is particularly large in large structures. In the normal deformation measurement performed after the welding operation is performed after the temperature of the welded structure 1 is lowered to near normal temperature, the temperature is uniform, so thermal deformation due to linear expansion does not cause a problem. However, when monitoring deformation during the welding process, the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion due to temperature distribution is subtracted from the amount of deformation that can be observed directly by measurement, so that true welding deformation caused by elasto-plastic deformation of the weld The amount needs to be determined. This true amount of welding deformation is the amount of deformation that remains even if the overall temperature is uniform.

  Furthermore, the true welding deformation amount is a value that changes with the progress of the welding process, such as the progress of welding and removal of the restraining jig. In the determination of the change or correction of the conditions, it is not a comparison with the final drawing but a comparison with an allowable value or a predicted value of the deformation amount during the welding process.

  On the other hand, the database 23 stores in advance an allowable value and a predicted value of the welding deformation amount for each welding process. These allowable values and predicted values are calculated in advance for each welding process by the calculation device 21 by calculation using the inherent strain method. In this inherent strain method, inherent strain representative of strain that causes welding deformation and heat treatment deformation is distributed and applied to the entire model of the welded structure 1, and an elastic analysis using a finite element method (FEM) is performed. By performing the above, welding deformation and heat treatment deformation of the welded structure 1 are estimated.

  The determination unit 20 is stored in the database 23 and is provided from the welding control device 17 during the welding operation and after the welding operation, and is stored in the database 23 and the true welding deformation amount in the welded structure 1. The welding deformation allowance value and the welding deformation amount prediction value of the welding process corresponding to the welding process are respectively compared. The determination unit 20 determines the pass / fail of the welding deformation in the corresponding welding process by comparing the true welding deformation amount in the welded structure 1 and the welding deformation amount allowable value.

  Furthermore, the determination unit 20 executes a function for changing and correcting the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process by comparing the true welding deformation amount in the welded structure 1 and the welding deformation amount prediction value. The function for changing and correcting the welding conditions of this subsequent welding process is the determination of whether or not the welding deformation needs to be corrected in the subsequent welding process, and when it is determined that the correction is necessary. It is the determination of the change contents of the welding conditions for the purpose of correction. The change contents of the welding conditions include, for example, review of the welding sequence, correction of welding deformation due to heat input, change of the welding heat input amount and welding speed in the subsequent welding process.

  The function for changing or correcting the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process executed by the determination unit 20 uses a calculation function based on the inherent distortion method. In other words, the inherent distortion corresponding to the deformation amount necessary to match the true welding deformation amount with the predicted welding deformation amount is obtained, and the welding conditions (for example, heat input) of the welding process for generating the inherent distortion are determined. It is what you want.

  Note that the above-described welding pass / fail content and the welding condition change / correction content of the subsequent welding process are displayed on the display device 22. And the welding control apparatus 17 controls the welding machine 16 according to the change of the welding conditions of a welding process, and the content of correction.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effect (1) is obtained.

  (1) The first calculation unit 18 of the determination device 15 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to the linear expansion of the welded structure 1 from the temperature distribution in particular during welding. The true welding deformation amount in the welding process is calculated by subtracting the estimated value of the thermal deformation amount from the deformation amount of the welded structure 1 being executed. Then, the determination unit 20 of the determination device 15 compares the true welding deformation amount of the welding process with an allowable value of the welding deformation amount prepared in advance in the corresponding welding process, and determines whether the welding deformation in the welding process is acceptable. Determine. Further, the determination unit 20 compares the true welding deformation amount of the welding process with a predicted value of the welding deformation amount prepared in advance in the corresponding welding process, and changes and corrects the welding condition of the subsequent welding process. Perform the function.

  In this way, by monitoring the welding deformation of the welded structure 1 during the welding operation step by step during the welding operation, it is possible to determine whether or not the welding deformation is acceptable for each welding process and to determine the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process. Execution of the function for change and correction can be performed at an optimal stage during welding execution, and therefore the welding execution can be suitably managed.

[B] Second embodiment (FIG. 2)
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a welding deformation monitoring device for a welded structure to which the second embodiment of the welding structure deformation monitoring device according to the present invention is applied. In the second embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is simplified or omitted.

  In this embodiment, the welding deformation monitoring device 25 of the welded structure as a welding structure deformation monitoring device is different from the first embodiment in that the position relating to the range of the displacement restraint portion 26 of the welding structure 1. In consideration of the data and the data related to the displacement constraint condition of the displacement constraint portion 26, the deformation amount and the true welding deformation amount of the welded structure 1 are calculated, thereby determining whether or not the welding deformation is successful in the welding process, This is to execute a function for changing or correcting the welding conditions of the welding process described later.

  That is, in actual welding of the welded structure 1, there may be a portion where it can be considered that the entire displacement is constrained. In such a case, the displacement restraint part 26 is set as one of the measurement points, and information on the restraint conditions of the displacement restraint part 26 (for example, the surface temperature and displacement of the displacement restraint part 26 are used as reference points, welding In which direction the structure 1 can move) is given to the deformation amount calculation device 27 and the first calculation unit 28 of the determination device 15.

  Specifically, the deformation amount calculation device 27 is configured to include position data relating to the range of the displacement restraint portion 26 of the welded structure 1 and data relating to the displacement restraint conditions of the displacement restraint portion 26 (using the position of the displacement restraint portion 26 as a reference point). And in which direction the welded structure 1 can move), the data from the displacement meter 11 including the displacement in the displacement restraint portion 26, and the position information on the displacement meter side position. Calculate the displacement.

  Further, the first calculation unit 28 of the determination device 15 is obtained by the position distribution data regarding the range of the displacement restricting portion 26 of the welded structure 1, the data regarding the displacement restricting condition of the displacement restricting portion 26, and the temperature distribution calculating device 14. In addition, the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure 1 is estimated from the temperature distribution data of the welded structure 1 taking into account the temperature of the displacement restraint portion 26. Further, the second calculation unit 19 of the determination device 15 subtracts the estimated value of the thermal deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit 28 from the deformation amount of the welded structure 1 obtained by the deformation amount calculation device 27. The true welding deformation amount is calculated.

  The determination unit 20 of the determination device 15 compares the true welding deformation amount obtained by the second calculation unit 19 with the allowable value and the predicted value of the welding deformation amount, respectively, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. A function for determining whether or not welding deformation for each process is accepted and changing and correcting the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process is executed.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effect (2) is obtained.

  (2) When the actual welded structure 1 includes the displacement restraint portion 26 that restrains the entire displacement, the welding calculated by the deformation amount calculation device 27 by taking in the displacement and temperature of the displacement restraint portion 26. The deformation amount of the structure 1 and the thermal deformation amount estimated by the first calculation unit 28 of the determination device 15 become accurate, and the true welding deformation amount of the welded structure 1 obtained by the second calculation unit 19 of the determination device 15 is increased. Can be calculated accurately. As a result, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the determination of the pass / fail of the welding deformation for each welding process and the change or correction of the welding conditions in the subsequent welding process.

[C] Third embodiment (FIG. 3)
FIG. 3 is a structural perspective view showing a welding deformation monitoring device for a welded structure to which the third embodiment of the welding structure deformation monitoring device according to the present invention is applied. In the third embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is simplified or omitted.

  The welding deformation monitoring device 30 for a welded structure as a welding structure deformation monitoring device in the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment as follows. That is, although displacement and strain are the same measurement system, it is actually difficult to obtain local strain from partial displacement measurement data. In the present embodiment, a strain gauge 31 and a strain amount calculation device 32 are added to the welding deformation monitoring device 10 of the first embodiment.

  There are a plurality of strain gauges 31, each of which measures the distortion of the surface of the welded structure 1 during and after welding. The strain amount calculation device 32 calculates the strain amount of the welded structure 1 during and after welding from the strain data from the plurality of strain gauges 31 and position information regarding strain measurement points.

  The first calculation unit 33 of the determination device 15 performs thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure 1 from the temperature distribution data of the welded structure 1 obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device 14 during and after welding. The amount is estimated and the amount of strain is estimated based on the amount of thermal deformation.

  The second calculation unit 34 of the determination device 15 calculates the true welding deformation amount during and after the welding operation in the same manner as the second calculation unit 19 and from the distortion amount obtained by the distortion amount calculation device 32. Then, the estimated value of the distortion amount obtained by the first calculation unit 33 is subtracted to calculate the true welding distortion amount during and after the welding operation.

  In the database 36 of the determination device 15, the allowable value of the welding distortion amount for each welding process is stored in advance together with the allowable value and the predicted value of the welding deformation amount for each welding process. The allowable value of the welding distortion amount is also calculated in advance for each welding process by calculation using the inherent distortion method by the calculation device 37, similarly to the allowable value and predicted value of the welding deformation amount.

  The determination unit 35 of the determination device 15 determines whether or not the welding deformation is different for each welding process in the same manner as the determination unit 20 during and after the welding operation, and further changes and corrections in the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process. In addition to executing the function for the above, the allowable value of the welding distortion amount for each welding process stored in the database 36 is compared with the true welding distortion amount to determine the suitability of the welding distortion. And the determination part 35 evaluates the residual stress of the welded structure 1 from the suitability of this welding distortion.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effect (3) is obtained in addition to the same effect as the effect (1) of the first embodiment.

  (3) The strain on the surface of the welded structure 1 is measured by the strain gauge 31, the strain amount of the welded structure 1 is calculated by the strain amount calculation device 32, and the first calculation unit 33 and the second calculation unit of the determination device 15 are calculated. 34 and the determination unit 35 determine whether the welding distortion is appropriate for each welding process. For this reason, the residual stress of the welded structure 1 can be evaluated by determining the suitability of the welding distortion as well as the success or failure of the welding deformation for each welding process and the change or correction of the welding conditions of the subsequent welding process. .

[D] Fourth embodiment (FIG. 4)
FIG. 4 is a structural perspective view showing a stress / deformation monitoring device during heat treatment of a welded structure to which the fourth embodiment of the weld deformation monitoring device for a welded structure according to the present invention is applied. In the fourth embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is simplified or omitted.

  The stress / deformation monitoring device 40 at the time of heat treatment of a welded structure as a deformation monitor of the welded structure in the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the welded structure 1 after welding is subjected to a heat treatment furnace. 41 is a point of monitoring stress relaxation (including residual stress relaxation) and deformation generated when heating to a uniform temperature and heat treatment within 41, and accordingly, the welding machine 16 and the welding control device 17 of the first embodiment respectively The heat treatment furnace 41 and the heat treatment control device 42 are changed.

  Usually, since the temperature distribution is uniform in the heat treatment step, it is not necessary to consider the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion. However, in a structure formed by joining materials of different materials by welding or the like, physical quantities such as linear expansion coefficient and Young's modulus of each material, stress relaxation characteristics at high temperatures, and the like are different. Therefore, in the heat treatment stress / deformation monitoring device 40 of the present embodiment, the temperature and deformation during the heat treatment are simultaneously monitored in order to take into account the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion.

  Therefore, the welded structure 1 handled by the stress / deformation monitoring device 40 during heat treatment of the present embodiment is a welded structure in which materials of different materials are welded. Also in the present embodiment, the displacement meter 11, the deformation amount calculation device 12, the thermometer 13, the temperature distribution calculation device 14, and the determination device 15 are included, and the determination device 15 further includes the first calculation unit 18, The second calculation unit 19, the determination unit 20, the calculation device 21, the display device 22, and the database 23 are configured.

  There are a plurality of displacement meters 11, each of which measures the displacement of the surface of the welded structure 1 during and after the heat treatment. The deformation amount calculation device 12 calculates the deformation amount of the welded structure 1 from the displacement data from the plurality of displacement meters 11 and the position information regarding the displacement measurement points during and after the heat treatment.

  There are a plurality of thermometers 13 and each measures the surface temperature of the welded structure 1 during and after the heat treatment. The temperature distribution calculation device 14 estimates the temperature distribution of the welded structure 1 during the heat treatment and after the heat treatment from the temperature data from the plurality of thermometers 13 and the position information regarding the temperature measurement points.

  The determination device 15 executes determination regarding stress relaxation (including residual stress relaxation) and deformation of the welded structure 1 during heat treatment during and after heat treatment.

  The first calculation unit 18 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure 1 from the temperature distribution data of the welded structure 1 obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device 14 during and after the heat treatment. . The second calculation unit 19 subtracts the estimated value of the amount of thermal deformation obtained by the first calculation unit 18 from the deformation amount data of the welded structure 1 obtained by the deformation amount calculation device 12, and is performing heat treatment. And the true heat treatment deformation amount is calculated after the heat treatment.

  On the other hand, the database 23 stores in advance an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount in the heat treatment process. This allowable value is calculated in advance for the heat treatment process by the calculation device 21 by calculation using the inherent strain method. The allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount serves as an index for determining whether or not desired stress relaxation (including relaxation of residual stress) and deformation have been performed on the welded structure 1 by performing heat treatment.

  The determination unit 20 includes the true heat treatment deformation amount in the welded structure 1 obtained by the second arithmetic unit 19 and the heat treatment deformation amount allowable value of the heat treatment process stored in the database 23 during and after the heat treatment. Are compared to determine whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable. That is, if the true heat treatment deformation amount is within the allowable range of heat treatment deformation, it is determined that the stress relaxation (including residual stress relaxation) predicted by the heat treatment conditions of this heat treatment process and the deformation has been made to the welded structure 1. it can.

  Further, the determination unit 20 executes a determination for changing and correcting the heat treatment condition in the heat treatment process based on the difference between the true heat treatment deformation amount and the heat treatment deformation amount allowable value. That is, when the true heat treatment deformation amount is not within the range of the heat treatment deformation amount allowable value, a judgment is made to change the heat treatment conditions in this heat treatment process, such as the heat treatment time and the heat treatment temperature.

  It should be noted that the contents of pass / fail of heat treatment deformation, changes in heat treatment conditions, and correction contents are displayed on the display device 22. Then, the heat treatment control device 42 controls the heat treatment furnace 41 in accordance with the change and correction contents of the heat treatment conditions.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effect (4) is obtained.

  (4) The first calculation unit 18 of the determination device 15 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to the linear expansion of the welded structure 1 from the temperature distribution particularly during the heat treatment, and the second calculation unit 19 of the determination device 15 particularly performs the heat treatment. The true heat treatment deformation amount in the heat treatment process is calculated by subtracting the estimated value of the heat deformation amount from the deformation amount of the welded structure 1 being executed. Then, the determination unit 20 of the determination device 15 compares the true heat treatment deformation amount of the heat treatment process with an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount prepared in advance in the heat treatment process, determines whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable, and further performs the heat treatment. Make decisions to change and modify the heat treatment conditions of the process.

  In this way, for the welded structure 1 made of different materials, the heat treatment deformation during the heat treatment is monitored step by step, and the stress relaxation (residual stress relaxation) expected for the welded structure 1 is determined according to the heat treatment conditions of the heat treatment process. Whether or not the deformation has been made can be carried out at an optimal stage during the heat treatment, and the heat treatment can be suitably managed, for example, by changing the heat treatment conditions.

  In the heat treatment performed in the heat treatment furnace 41 having a uniform temperature distribution, the thermometer 13 and the temperature distribution calculation device 14 may be omitted, and the temperature value obtained by the heat treatment control device 42 may be used as temperature distribution data. .

[E] Fifth embodiment (FIG. 5)
FIG. 5 is a structural perspective view showing a welding deformation monitoring device for a turbine runner to which a fifth embodiment of the deformation monitoring device for a welded structure according to the present invention is applied. In the fifth embodiment, parts similar to those in the first and fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is simplified or omitted.

  The deformation monitoring apparatus for a welded structure in the present embodiment is a case where the welded structure 1 is a water turbine runner 51 having a plurality of runner blades 54 between a runner crown 52 and a runner band 53. The runner 51 is subjected to deformation monitoring during welding using the first embodiment, and stress and deformation monitoring during heat treatment is performed using the fourth embodiment. The monitoring is described below.

  In the weld deformation monitoring device 55 of the turbine runner 51 as the weld structure deformation monitoring device in the present embodiment, the displacement meter includes a runner blade displacement meter 56A, a runner band displacement meter 56B, and a runner crown displacement meter 56C. At least three runner blade displacement meters 56A are provided for one runner blade 54, and each of them measures the displacement of each position on the surface of the runner blade 54. The runner band displacement meter 56 </ b> B measures the displacement of the surface of the runner band 53. The runner crown displacement meter 56 </ b> C measures the displacement of the surface of the runner crown 52. From the displacement data from the runner blade displacement meter 56A, the runner band displacement meter 56B, and the runner crown displacement meter 56C and the positional information regarding the displacement meter point, the deformation amount calculation device 12 calculates the deformation amount of the turbine runner 51.

  The thermometer includes a runner blade thermometer 57A that measures the surface temperature of the runner blade 54, a runner band thermometer 57B that measures the surface temperature of the runner band 53, and a runner crown temperature that measures the surface temperature of the runner crown 52. 57C in total. From the temperature data from the runner blade thermometer 57A, runner band thermometer 57B, and runner crown thermometer 57C and the position information regarding the temperature measurement point, the temperature distribution calculation device 14 measures the temperature distribution of the turbine runner 51.

  Here, since the water turbine runner 51 includes a plurality of runner blades 54, it is desirable to prepare the runner blade displacement meter 56A and the runner blade thermometer 57A for each runner blade 54. However, the runner blade displacement meter 56A and the runner blade thermometer 57A may be installed according to the number of runner blades 54 required for displacement meter side management, such as a 90-degree pitch.

  The first calculation unit 18 of the determination device 15 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to the linear expansion of the water turbine runner 51 from the temperature distribution during and after welding, in particular during welding. The second calculation unit 19 of the determination device 15 subtracts the estimated value of the thermal deformation amount from the deformation amount calculated by the deformation amount calculation device 12 of the turbine runner 51 that is in particular performing welding, and performs true welding in this welding process. The amount of deformation is calculated.

  The determination unit 20 of the determination device 15 compares the true welding deformation amount of the welding process with an allowable value of the welding deformation amount prepared in advance in the corresponding welding process, and determines whether the welding deformation in the welding process is acceptable. To do. Further, the determination unit 20 compares the true welding deformation amount of the welding process with a predicted value of the welding deformation amount prepared in advance in the corresponding welding process, and changes and corrects the welding condition of the subsequent welding process. Perform the function. The welding control device 17 controls the welding machine 16 in accordance with the modification of the subsequent welding process.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the welding deformation of the water turbine runner 51 during welding is monitored step by step during welding, and it is determined whether or not the welding deformation has passed for each welding process, and welding in the subsequent welding process. The execution of the function for changing and correcting the conditions can be performed at an optimum stage during the welding operation. As a result, the welding operation can be suitably managed.

[F] Sixth embodiment (FIGS. 6 and 7)
FIG. 6 is a structural perspective view showing a stress / deformation monitoring apparatus during heat treatment of a turbine rotor to which a sixth embodiment of the welding structure deformation monitoring apparatus according to the present invention is applied. In the sixth embodiment, the same parts as those in the first and fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is simplified or omitted.

  The deformation monitoring device for a welded structure in the present embodiment is a case where the welded structure 1 is a turbine rotor 61 configured by welding a plurality of rotor constituent members 62, 63 and 64 made of different materials. The turbine rotor 61 is subjected to deformation monitoring at the time of welding using the first embodiment, and stress and deformation at the time of heat treatment are monitored using the fourth embodiment. Deformation monitoring during heat treatment using the furnace 41 will be described below.

  In the heat treatment stress / deformation monitoring device 65 for the turbine rotor 61 as a deformation monitoring device for a welded structure in the present embodiment, at least one displacement meter is provided corresponding to the rotor constituent member 62. At least one displacement meter 66 </ b> A for measuring the surface displacement of the member 62 is provided corresponding to the rotor constituent member 63. The displacement meter 66 </ b> B for measuring the surface displacement of the rotor constituent member 63 and the rotor constituent member 64 are provided. And a displacement meter 66C for measuring the surface displacement of the rotor constituting member 64. The deformation amount calculation device 12 calculates the deformation amount of the turbine rotor 61 from the displacement data from these displacement meters 66A, 66B, 66C and the position information regarding the displacement measurement points.

  The thermometers are provided at both ends of the turbine rotor 61 and have thermometers 67A and 67B for measuring the surface temperatures at both ends of the rotor, respectively. The temperature distribution calculation device 14 estimates the temperature distribution of the turbine rotor 61 from the temperature data from these thermometers 67A and 67B and the position information regarding the temperature measurement points.

  The first calculation unit 18 of the determination device 15 estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the turbine rotor 61 from the temperature distribution during the heat treatment and after the heat treatment, and particularly from the temperature distribution during the heat treatment. The second calculation unit 19 of the determination device 15 subtracts the estimated value of the thermal deformation amount from the deformation amount calculated by the deformation amount calculation device 12 of the turbine rotor 61 that is in particular performing the heat treatment, The amount of heat treatment deformation is calculated.

  The determination unit 20 of the determination device 15 compares the true heat treatment deformation amount of the heat treatment process with the allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount prepared in advance in the heat treatment process to determine whether the heat treatment deformation in the heat treatment process is acceptable or not, A judgment for changing and correcting the heat treatment condition of the heat treatment process is executed. The heat treatment control device 42 controls the heat treatment furnace 41 in accordance with the change or correction of the heat treatment conditions.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the turbine rotor 61 composed of the rotor constituent members 62, 63 and 64 of different materials is monitored in stages for the heat treatment deformation during the heat treatment, and the turbine rotor 61 depends on the heat treatment conditions of the heat treatment process. Whether or not the stress relaxation (including residual stress relaxation) and deformation expected in the process can be judged at the optimal stage during the heat treatment, and in some cases, the heat treatment can be favorably managed by changing the heat treatment conditions. .

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a band heater that locally heats the welded portion 68 of the turbine rotor 61 without using the heat treatment furnace 41 that houses the turbine rotor 61 and heat-treats to a uniform temperature. A single or a plurality of local heating means 69 such as burners or burners may be used. At this time, when there are a plurality of local heating means 69, for example, the heat treatment control device 42 individually identifies the plurality of local heating means 69 according to the content of the change or correction of the heat treatment conditions determined by the determination unit 20 of the determination apparatus 15. To control.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The structure perspective view which shows the welding deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure to which 1st Embodiment in the deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structure perspective view which shows the welding deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure to which 2nd Embodiment in the deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structure perspective view which shows the welding deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure to which 3rd Embodiment in the deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structure perspective view which shows the stress and deformation | transformation monitoring apparatus at the time of the heat processing of the welding structure to which 4th Embodiment in the welding deformation monitoring apparatus of the welding structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structure perspective view which shows the welding deformation monitoring apparatus of the turbine runner to which 5th Embodiment in the deformation monitoring apparatus of the welded structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structural perspective view which shows the stress / deformation monitoring apparatus at the time of the heat processing of the turbine rotor to which 6th Embodiment in the deformation monitoring apparatus of the welded structure which concerns on this invention was applied. The structure perspective view which shows the deformation | transformation form of the stress and deformation | transformation monitoring apparatus at the time of the heat processing of the turbine rotor in FIG. The structure perspective view which shows the deformation | transformation monitoring apparatus of the conventional welding structure.

Explanation of symbols

1 Welded Structure 10 Welding Deformation Monitoring Device (Deformation Monitoring Device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Displacement meter 12 Deformation amount calculation apparatus 13 Thermometer 14 Temperature distribution calculation apparatus 15 Judgment apparatus 16 Welding machine 17 Welding control apparatus 18 1st calculation part 19 2nd calculation part 20 Determination part 21 Calculation apparatus 23 Database 25 Welding deformation monitoring apparatus ( Deformation monitoring device)
26 Displacement restriction part 27 Deformation amount calculation device 28 First calculation unit 30 Welding deformation monitoring device (deformation monitoring device)
31 strain meter 32 strain amount calculation device 33 first calculation unit 34 second calculation unit 35 determination unit 36 database 40 heat treatment stress / deformation monitoring device (deformation monitoring device)
41 Heat treatment furnace 42 Heat treatment control device 51 Water wheel runner (welded structure)
52 Runner Crown 53 Runner Band 54 Runner Blade 55 Welding Deformation Monitoring Device (Deformation Monitoring Device)
56A Runner blade displacement meter 56B Runner band displacement meter 56C Runner crown displacement meter 57A Runner blade thermometer 57B Runner band thermometer 57C Runner crown thermometer 61 Turbine rotor (welded structure)
62, 63, 64 Rotor component 65 Heat treatment stress / deformation monitoring device (deformation monitoring device)
66A, 66B, 66C Displacement meter 67A, 67B Thermometer 68 Welding part 69 Local heating means

Claims (15)

A welding structure deformation monitoring device for monitoring welding deformation of a welded structure,
A displacement meter for measuring the displacement of the surface of the welded structure;
A deformation amount calculation device for calculating the deformation amount of the welded structure from the position information on the data from the displacement meter and the displacement measurement point;
A thermometer for measuring the surface temperature of the welded structure;
A temperature distribution calculation device for estimating the temperature distribution of the welded structure from the position information on the data from the thermometer and the temperature measurement point; and
A determination device for performing determination regarding welding deformation of the welded structure during welding construction,
The determination device is configured to estimate a thermal deformation amount due to linear expansion of the welded structure from a temperature distribution of the welded structure obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device;
A second calculation unit for calculating a true welding deformation amount by subtracting an estimated value of the thermal deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit from the deformation amount of the welded structure obtained by the deformation amount calculation device; ,
A database that stores in advance the allowable value of the welding deformation amount for each welding process;
A determination unit that compares the true welding deformation amount obtained by the second calculation unit with an allowable value of the welding deformation amount and determines whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not. Deformation monitoring device. In the database, a predicted value of welding deformation amount for each welding process is stored in advance,
The determination unit of the determination apparatus has a function for changing and correcting a subsequent welding process based on a difference between a predicted value of the welding deformation amount and a true welding deformation amount. Deformation monitoring device for a welded structure according to claim 1. The said determination apparatus has a calculating apparatus which calculates the allowable value and prediction value of the welding deformation amount stored in a database for every welding process by the calculation using an intrinsic strain method. Deformation monitoring device for the welded structure as described. The apparatus for monitoring deformation of a welded structure according to claim 2, wherein a function for changing and correcting a subsequent welding process performed by the determination unit of the determination apparatus uses a calculation function based on an inherent strain method. The deformation amount calculation device includes position data relating to a range of a displacement restraint portion of a welded structure, data relating to a displacement restraint condition of the displacement restraint portion, data from a displacement meter, and position information relating to a displacement measurement point. The deformation monitoring apparatus for a welded structure according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount of the welded structure is calculated. In the determination apparatus, the first calculation unit includes the position data relating to the range of the displacement restraint portion of the welded structure, the data relating to the displacement restraint condition of the displacement restraint portion, and the welding structure obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device. From the temperature distribution, the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of this welded structure is estimated,
The second calculation unit subtracts an estimated value of the amount of thermal deformation obtained by the first calculation unit from the deformation amount of the welded structure obtained by the deformation amount calculation device according to claim 5 to perform true welding. The deformation monitoring apparatus for a welded structure according to claim 1, wherein the deformation monitoring apparatus is configured to calculate a deformation amount. A strain gauge for measuring the distortion of the surface of the welded structure;
A strain amount calculating device that calculates the strain amount of the welded structure from the position information on the strain gauge and the data from the strain gauge,
The first calculation unit of the determination device estimates the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure from the temperature distribution of the welded structure obtained by the temperature distribution calculation device, and the amount of strain based on the amount of thermal deformation. Estimate
The second calculation unit of the determination device calculates the true welding strain amount by subtracting the estimated value of the strain amount obtained by the first calculation unit from the strain amount obtained by the strain amount calculation device,
The determination unit of the determination apparatus determines the suitability of the weld distortion by comparing the allowable value of the weld strain amount for each welding process stored in the database with the true weld strain amount, and the residual from the suitability of the strain. The apparatus for monitoring deformation of a welded structure according to claim 1, wherein stress is evaluated. A welding structure deformation monitoring device for monitoring stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment of a welded structure,
A displacement meter for measuring the displacement of the surface of the welded structure;
A deformation amount calculation device for calculating the deformation amount of the welded structure from the position information on the data from the displacement meter and the displacement measurement point;
A thermometer for measuring the surface temperature of the welded structure;
A temperature distribution calculation device for estimating the temperature distribution of the welded structure from the position information on the data from the thermometer and the temperature measurement point; and
With a judgment device that performs judgment on stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment during heat treatment construction,
The determination apparatus is configured to estimate a thermal deformation amount due to linear expansion of a welded structure from a temperature distribution of the welded structure;
A second calculation unit for calculating a true heat treatment deformation amount by subtracting an estimated value of the thermal deformation amount obtained by the first calculation unit from the deformation amount of the welded structure obtained by the deformation amount calculation device; ,
A database that stores in advance the allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount in the heat treatment process;
A determination unit that compares the true heat treatment deformation amount obtained by the second calculation unit with the allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount to determine whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable or not. Deformation monitoring device. The determination unit of the determination device performs a determination for changing and correcting a heat treatment condition in a heat treatment process based on a difference between a true heat treatment deformation amount and an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount. The welding structure deformation monitoring device according to claim 8. 9. The apparatus for monitoring deformation of a welded structure according to claim 8, wherein the determination device includes a calculation device that calculates an allowable value of a heat treatment deformation amount in a heat treatment process by a calculation using an inherent strain method. The welded structure is a turbine runner having a plurality of runner blades between a runner crown and a runner band;
The displacement meter includes a runner blade deformation meter that measures at least three surface displacements of one runner blade, a runner band deformation meter that measures the displacement of the surface of the runner band, and a displacement of the surface of the runner crown. A runner crown deformometer for measuring,
The thermometer has a runner blade thermometer that measures the surface temperature of the runner blade, a runner band thermometer that measures the surface temperature of the runner band, and a runner crown thermometer that measures the surface temperature of the runner crown. And
The deformation amount calculation device calculates the deformation amount of the turbine runner from the data from each displacement meter and the position information on the displacement measurement point,
The temperature distribution calculation device is configured to estimate the temperature distribution of the turbine runner from the data from each thermometer and the position information regarding the temperature measurement point. The welding structure according to claim 1 or 8, Deformation monitoring device. The welded structure is a turbine rotor configured by welding a plurality of rotor constituent members made of different materials,
At least one displacement meter is provided for each rotor component member, and measures the displacement of the surface of each rotor component member,
Thermometers are provided at both ends of the turbine rotor, respectively, and measure the surface temperature of the rotor end,
The deformation amount calculation device calculates the deformation amount of the turbine rotor from the data from each displacement meter and position information on the displacement measurement point,
9. The welding structure according to claim 1, wherein the temperature distribution calculation device is configured to estimate a temperature distribution of the turbine rotor from data from each thermometer and position information regarding a temperature measurement point. Deformation monitoring device. The heat treatment is performed by a heat treatment furnace that accommodates the welded structure and heats it to a uniform temperature, or a single or a plurality of local heating means that locally heat the welded portion of the welded structure,
The apparatus for monitoring deformation of a welded structure according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of local heating means are configured such that the heat treatment temperatures can be individually controlled. A method for monitoring deformation of a welded structure for monitoring weld deformation of the welded structure,
A displacement meter measures the displacement of the surface of the welded structure, and calculates the amount of deformation of the welded structure from the data from the displacement meter and position information on the displacement measurement point,
A thermometer measures the surface temperature of the welded structure, and estimates the temperature distribution of the welded structure from the data from the thermometer and position information regarding the temperature measurement point,
Estimating the amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure from the temperature distribution of the welded structure, subtracting the estimated value of the amount of thermal deformation from the amount of deformation of the welded structure to calculate the true amount of weld deformation, The true welding deformation amount is compared with an allowable value of the welding deformation amount prepared in advance to determine whether the welding deformation is acceptable or not, and the determination regarding the welding deformation of the welded structure is performed during welding. Deformation monitoring method for welded structures. A method for monitoring deformation of a welded structure for monitoring stress relaxation and deformation during heat treatment of the welded structure,
A displacement meter measures the displacement of the surface of the welded structure, and calculates the amount of deformation of the welded structure from the data from the displacement meter and position information on the displacement measurement point,
A thermometer measures the surface temperature of the welded structure, and estimates the temperature distribution of the welded structure from the data from the thermometer and position information regarding the temperature measurement point,
The amount of thermal deformation due to linear expansion of the welded structure is estimated from the temperature distribution of the welded structure, and the true amount of heat treatment deformation is calculated by subtracting the estimated value of the amount of thermal deformation from the amount of deformation of the welded structure. The true heat treatment deformation amount is compared with an allowable value of the heat treatment deformation amount prepared in advance to determine whether the heat treatment deformation is acceptable or not, and the judgment regarding stress relaxation and deformation during the heat treatment is performed during the heat treatment construction. Deformation monitoring method for welded structures.

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